Stress in America, United States, 2007-2018 (ICPSR 37288)

Time Period(s) View help for Time Period(s)

Date of Collection View help for Date of Collection

Data Collection Notes View help for Data Collection Notes

Study Design View help for Study Design

The Stress in America survey has been conducted online within the United States by Harris Poll on behalf of the American Psychological Association (APA) since 2007. Respondents for the surveys were selected from among those who have agreed to participate in Harris Poll surveys. Unless otherwise noted, interviews were conducted in English.

Sample View help for Sample

2007-2018 Cumulative Dataset: A total of 43,007 interviews were conducted and merged into a single dataset by using the datasets of each wave. The 43,007 interviews included the following subgroups:

• Gender: Male (n=18,077); Female (n=24,845); Transgender (n=58)
• Race/Ethnicity: Asian (n=2,797); Hispanic (n=7,201); Black (n=7,596); All other (n=24,766)
• Age: 13-17 years old (n=1,710); 18-30 years old (n=8,031); 31-44 years old (n=9,463);
45-63 years old (n=14,908); age 64 or older (n=8,895)
• Urbanicity: Urban: (n=18,366); Suburban: (n=17,057); Rural: (n=7584)
• Region: Northeast (n=9,273); Midwest (n=9,182); South (n=13,755); West (n=10,792); Non-U.S. State (n=2); Unknown (n=3)

2007 General Population:

A total of interviews among 1,848 adults 18 years of age or older living in the U.S. were conducted. Included in the 1,848 interviews were interviews of 365 African American and 400 Hispanic adults.

Interviews were conducted in English (n=1,745) and Spanish (n=103).

2008 Gender and Stress:

A total of 3,760 interviews among the general population were conducted including 1,553 men and 2,207 women. In addition to the general population interviews, oversamples were collected, among adults residing in the following eight cities across the U.S.: Atlanta (n=243), Chicago (n=231), Denver (n=267), Detroit (n=235), Los Angeles (n=256), New York City (n=228), Seattle (n=259), and Washington D.C. (n=250).

Interviews were conducted in English (n=3,760).

2009 Parent Perceptions of Children's Stress: A total of 3,202 interviews among the general population were conducted. The 3,202 interviews included the following subgroups:

• Gender: Male (n=1,494); Female (n=1,708)
• Race/Ethnicity: Asian (n=92); Hispanic (n=343); Black (n=371); All other (n=2,288)
• Generation: Millennials (18-30 years old) n=752; Xers (31-44 years old) n=694; Baby Boomers (45-63 years old) n=1,099; Matures (age 64 or older) n=656
• Employment: Employed (n=1,869); Not Employed (n=584)(Looking for work n=207; Retired n=519; Stay-at-home spouses or partners n=181)
• Region: East (n=362); Midwest (n=340); South (n=516); West (n=349)
• Urbanicity: Urban: (n=1135); Suburban: (n=1,522); Rural: (n=545)
• Chronic illness: Has Chronic Conditions (n=2,162); Does not have chronic conditions (n=1,040)
• Parents of children aged 8-17 (n=639)

In addition to the general population interviews, oversamples were collected in the following eight cities across the U.S.: Atlanta (n=227), Chicago (n=244), Denver (n=210), Detroit (n=223), Los Angeles (n=255), New York City (n=255), Seattle (n=205), and Washington D.C. (n=220).

2010 Health Impact of Stress on Children and Families: A total of 3,761 interviews among the general population were conducted. The 3,761 interviews included 402 interviews among parents of children aged 8-17. In addition to the general population interviews, an oversample were collected in the following eight cities across the U.S.: Atlanta (n=249), Chicago (n=260), Denver (n=216), Detroit (n=231), Los Angeles (n=256), New York City (n=258), Seattle (n=218), and Washington D.C. (n=234).

2011 Our Health Risk: A total of 4,784 interviews among the general population were conducted. The 4,784 interviews included 615 interviews among caregivers. In addition to the general population interviews, oversamples were collected of those with a chronic illness (n=3,282). This definition can be found in the following section:

• Chronic illness: Depression (n=1,140); Diabetes (n=869); Obesity (n=818); Heart disease (n=455)

In addition to the general population interviews, oversamples were collected in the following eight cities across the U.S.: Atlanta (n=319), Chicago (n=331), Denver (n=260), Detroit (n=261), Los Angeles (n=339), New York City (n=312), Seattle (n=239), and Washington D.C. (n=305).

2012 Missing the Health Care Connection: A total of 3,735 interviews among the general population were conducted. The 3,735 interviews included interviews among the following:

• Generation: Millennials (18-33 years old) n=573; Xers (34-47 years old) n=687; Baby Boomers (48-66 years old) n=1,922; Matures (age 67 or older) n=550
• Chronic illness: (n=2,665)

In addition to the general population interviews, oversamples were collected in the following eight cities across the U.S.: Atlanta (n=239), Chicago (n=274), Denver (n=216), Detroit (n=243), Los Angeles (n=273), New York City (n=266), Seattle (n=218), and Washington D.C. (n=279).

2013 Are Teens Adopting Adults' Stress Habits?: A total of 1,950 interviews among the general population were conducted. The 1,950 interviews included interviews among the following:

• Gender: Male (n=847); Female (n=1,103)
• Generation: Millennials (18-34 years old) n=392; Xers (35-48 years old) n=379; Baby Boomers (49-67 years old) n=808; Matures (age 68 or older) n=371
• Region: Northeast (n=442); Midwest (n=535); South(n=578); West (n=395)
• Hours per night of sleep: Less than 8 hours (n=1,374); Equal to or greater than 8 hours (n=576)
• Exercise frequency: less than once a week or not at all (n=795); once a week or more (n=1,155)
• Self-reported stress level: high stress (8-10 on a 10-point scale)(n=386); low stress (1-3 on a 10-point scale)(n=633)
• Parents with a child under 18 in the household: (n=333)

• Gender: Male (n=432); Female (n=586)
• Age Breakouts: Younger teens (13 to 14 years) n=294; Older teens (15 to 17 years old) n=724
• Younger girls (n=160); Older girls (n=426): Younger boys (n=134); Older boys (n=298)
• Stress Level: Low stress in the past school year (n=174) or the past month (n=338); High stress in the past school year (n=316) or past month (n=149)
• Sleep: Less than 8 hours on a school night (n=503); Equal to or greater than 8 hours on a school night (n=514)
• Exercise: Less than once a week or not at all (n=216); once a week or more (n=802)

2014 Paying With Our Health: A total of 3,068 interviews among the general population were conducted. The 3,068 interviews included interviews among the following:

• Gender: Male (n=1,204); Female (n=1,864)
• Generation: Millennials (18-35 years old) n=720; Xers (36-49 years old) n=548; Baby Boomers (50-68 years old) n=1,324; Matures (age 69 or older) n=476
• Income: Less than $50,000 (n=1,499); Greater than $50,000 (n=1,379)
• Region: Northeast (n=670); Midwest (n=776); South (n=984); West (n=637); Unknown (n=1)
• Emotional support: Yes (n=2,042); No (n=649)
• Parents with a child under 18 in the household: (n=569)

2015 The Impact of Discrimination: A total of 3,361 interviews among the general population were conducted. The 3,361 interviews included interviews among the following:

• Gender: Male (n=1,104); Female (n=2,244); Transgender (n=7)
• Race/Ethnicity: White (n=1,071); Hispanic (n=813); Black (n=825); Asian (n=416); Native American or Alaskan Native (n=199)
• Generation: Millennials (18-36 years old) n=1,190; Xers (37-50 years old) n=649; Baby Boomers (51-69 years old) n=1,130; Matures (age 70 or older) n=392
• Poverty level: At or below 200 percent of the annual federal poverty guidelines (n=1,168); More than 200 percent of the annual poverty guidelines (n=1,897)
• Region: Northeast (n=687); Midwest (n=632); South (n=1,209); West (n=832); Unknown (n=1)
• Urbanicity: Urban: (n=1,304); Suburban: (n=1,389); Rural: (n= 668)
• Emotional support: Yes (n=2,366); No (n=674)
• Disability: Disabled (n=1,088); Not Disabled (n=2,222)
• LGBT: LGBT (n=232); Non-LGBT (n=3,043)

2016 Coping with Change, Part 1: A total of 3,511 interviews among the general population were conducted. The 3,511 interviews included interviews among the following:

• Gender: Male (n=1,466); Female (n=2,027) Transgender (n=12)
• Race/Ethnicity: White (n=1,117); Hispanic (n=822); Black (n=803); Asian (n=522); Native American or Alaskan native (n=200)
• Generation: Millennials (18-37 years old) n=1,306; Xers (38-51 years old) n=746; Baby Boomers (52-70 years old) n=1,194; Matures (age 71 or older) n=265
• Poverty level: At or below 200 percent of the annual federal poverty guidelines (n=1,135); More than 200 percent of the annual poverty guidelines (n=2,102)
• Region: East (n=746); Midwest (n=667); South (n=1,294); West (n=804)
• Urbanicity: Urban: (n=1,334); Suburban: (n=1,514); Rural: (n= 663)
• Emotional support: Yes (n=2,538); No (n=648)
• Parents: Parents (n=1,120); No children (n=146); Parents of teens (13-17) (n=303); Parents of teen girls (n=149); Parents of teen boys (n=154)
• Digital Connection: Constant checker (n=1,807); Non-constant checker (n=1,704); Constant checker of work email on a non-work day (n=283)

2016 Coping with Change, Part 2: Technology and Social Media: A total of 1,019 interviews among the general population were conducted. The 1,019 interviews included interviews among the following:

• Gender: Male (n=456); Female (n=557) Transgender (n=2)
• Race/Ethnicity: White (n=449); Hispanic (n=210); Black (n=201); Asian (n=100); Native American or Alaskan native (n=50)
• Generation: millennials (18-37 years old) n=340; Xers (38-51 years old) n=222; baby boomers (52-70 years old) n=368; matures (age 71 or older) n=89
• Poverty level: At or below 200 percent of the annual federal poverty guidelines (n=282); More than 200 percent of the annual poverty guidelines (n=675)
• Region: Northeast (n=238); Midwest (n=176); South (n=390); West (n=215) Urbanicity: Urban: (n=373); Suburban: (n=464); Rural: (n=182)

2017 The State of Our Nation: A total of 3,340 interviews among the general population were conducted. The 3,340 interviews included interviews among the following:

• Gender: Male (n=1,376); Female (n=2,047); Transgender (n=10)
• Race/Ethnicity: White (n=1,088); Hispanic (n=810); Black (n=808); Asian (n=506); Native American or Alaskan Native (n=206)
• Generation: Millennials (18-38 years old) n=1,267; Xers (39-52 years old) n=767; baby boomers (53-71 years old) n=1,176; matures (age 72 or older) n=230
• Poverty level: At or below 200 percent of the annual federal poverty guidelines (n=1,122); More than 200 percent of the annual poverty guidelines (n=2,087)
• Income: Less than $50,000 (n=1,612); Greater or equal to $50,000 (n=1,615)
• Region: East (n=772); Midwest (n=615); South (n=1,224); West (n=829)
• Urbanicity: Urban: (n=1,367); Suburban: (n=1,472); Rural: (n= 601)
• Chronic condition status: Yes (n=2,205); No (n=1,180)
• Insurance status: Yes (n=3,112); No (n=328)
• LGBT status: LGBT (n=237); Non-LGBT (n=3,129)
• Parents: Parents (n=1,182); No children (n=2,258)
• Political party affiliation: Democrat (n=1,454); Republican (n=698); Independent (n=672)

2018 Stress and Generation Z: A total of 4,550 interviews among the general population were conducted. The 4,550 interviews included interviews among the following:

• Gender: Male (n=1,824); Female (n=2,695); Transgender (n=27)
• Race/Ethnicity: White (n=1,216); Hispanic (n=1,252); Black (n=800); Asian (n=534); Native American or Alaskan Native (n=202); Gen Z: White (n=187); Hispanic (n=505); black (n=537)
• Generation: Gen Z (15 to 21) n=1,323 (includes n=692 Gen Z "teens" and n=631 Gen Z "adults" 18-21); Millennials (22-39 years old) n=1,055; Xers (40-53 years old) n=735; Baby Boomers (54-72 years old) n=1,213; Matures or Older Adults (age 73 or older) n=224
• Region: Northeast (n=824); Midwest (n=790); South (n=1,873); West (n=1063)
• Parents: Parents (n=1,454); No children (n=591)
• Political Party Affiliation: Democrat (n=1,922); Republican (n=796); Independent (n=844)

Time Method View help for Time Method

Universe View help for Universe

Respondents that are 18 years of age or older and lived in the United States

Unit(s) of Observation View help for Unit(s) of Observation

Data Type(s) View help for Data Type(s)

Mode of Data Collection View help for Mode of Data Collection

Response Rates View help for Response Rates

Because the sample is based on those who were invited and agreed to participate in an online research panel, no estimates of theoretical sampling error can be calculated.

Original Release Date View help for Original Release Date

2019-06-24

Version History View help for Version History

Weight View help for Weight

General population data have been weighted to reflect their proportions in the population using targets based on the Current Population Survey. Weighting variables included age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, region and household income. Propensity score weighting was also used to adjust for respondents' propensity to be online. In some years, there were subgroups of interest which were weighted separately.