Search results

Curated

Restricted

Access to Transportation and Outcomes for Women on Probation and Parole, Michigan, 2011-2013 (ICPSR 36986)

Released/updated on: 2025-05-29

Geographic coverage: United States, Michigan

Time period: 2013-10-01--2013-11-30

This study focused on transportation deprivation in women offenders. For the purpose of exploring transportation disadvantage for women on community supervision, interviews were conducted with 75 women on probation or parole. These interviews focused on women's struggles with transportation and featured questions regarding whether they have driving licenses, have social support, are stressed or unsafe when they travel, and whether transportation problems have impacted supervision violations or recidivism events.

The interviews were used to explore the following themes:

Women's insights and experiences about getting from place to place while under supervision
Their strategies for increasing transportation resources and access
The connections of transportation access to attending required/needed programming and supervision appointments
Whether any violations or new offenses resulted from inadequate transportation access

Curated

Restricted

Alternative Sentencing Policies for Drug Offenders: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Kansas Senate Bill 123, 2001-2010 (ICPSR 30982)

Released/updated on: 2014-01-31

Geographic coverage: United States, Kansas

Time period: 2001-11-01--2010-08-31

The study examined the first five years of operation of Kansas senate bill 123 (November 2003-November 2008) examining individual-level and system-level outcomes over time and across community corrections districts and judicial actors. The study also assesses the impact of SB 123 on the work routines of criminal justice system actors, examining changes in sentencing and supervision practices and interactions across agencies following the implementation of SB 123.

Individual-level impacts of SB 123 on recidivism rates are assessed using sentencing and revocation data collected by the Kansas Sentencing Commission for drug possessors sentenced in Kansas between November 1, 2001 and October 31, 2008 (Dataset 1). Propensity score matching was used to compare the revocation and reconviction rates of drug possessors sentenced to SB 123 with the recidivism rates of similar individuals sentenced to regular probation (standard supervision by community corrections or court services) (Dataset 2). Supervision and program participation data provided by the Kansas Department of Corrections were used to assess the use of drug treatment services, education and employment services, and sanctions for individuals sentenced to SB 123 or standard community corrections (Dataset 3). These quantitative data were complemented by a set qualitative data derived from interviews with SB 123-eligible offenders (Dataset 4), community corrections managers, and courtroom actors (judges, prosecutors, public defenders) (Dataset 5).

Curated

Restricted

Analysis of Rhode Island Domestic Violence Offenders on Probation, 1977-2012 (ICPSR 34571)

Released/updated on: 2016-05-20

Geographic coverage: Rhode Island, United States

Time period: 1977-02-01--2012-07-01

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they there received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except of the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompany readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collections and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.

The purpose of the study was to:

Describe the prosecution and sentencing histories for domestic violence and other offenses;
Determine the severity gap in prosecution and sentencing between these domestic violence and non-domestic violence over a six year period; and
To answer whether the variation in prosecution and sentencing severity predicts being subsequently charged for domestic violence in the future.

Rhode Island was selected as the study site because it has a high domestic violence arrest rate and specifically distinguishes domestic violence from non-domestic violence offenses based on the relationships of the parties, not by specific type of crime. Further, Rhode Island's judiciary maintains a public web-based database, called CourtConnect, that includes an index of defendants by name and date of birth and lists all arrests followed by prosecution and court actions through final sentence. The criminal history information includes all charges filed in any Rhode Island court for the last 25 years.

Two researchers independently coded offender data (Differential Sentencing Data - Persons, n=982) available on CourtConnect. Coders then determined whether the defendants were prosecuted for the charges brought against them (Differential Sentencing Data - Offenses, n=6,649). Offenses that were not prosecuted were differentiated from offenses that were prosecuted. Each charge was classified as domestic violence or non-domestic violence as defined by state statute.

Curated

Annual Probation Survey, 1994 (ICPSR 29668)

Released/updated on: 2012-12-10

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1994-01-01--1994-12-31

The 1994 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 1994, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 1994. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 1995 (ICPSR 29669)

Released/updated on: 2013-02-14

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1995-01-01--1995-12-31

The 1995 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 1995, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 1995. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 1996 (ICPSR 29670)

Released/updated on: 2013-02-14

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1996-01-01--1996-12-31

The 1996 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 1996, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 1996. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 1997 (ICPSR 29671)

Released/updated on: 2013-02-14

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1997-01-01--1997-12-31

The 1997 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 1997, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 1997. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 1998 (ICPSR 29672)

Released/updated on: 2013-02-14

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1998-01-01--1998-12-31

The 1998 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 1998, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 1998. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 1999 (ICPSR 29673)

Released/updated on: 2013-02-14

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1999-01-01--1999-12-31

The 1999 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 1999, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 1999. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2000 (ICPSR 28361)

Released/updated on: 2013-02-26

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2000-01-01--2000-12-31

The 2000 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2000, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2000. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2001 (ICPSR 28362)

Released/updated on: 2013-02-26

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2001-01-01--2001-12-31

The 2001 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2001, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2001. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2002 (ICPSR 28363)

Released/updated on: 2013-02-26

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2002-01-01--2002-12-31

The 2002 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2002, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2002. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2003 (ICPSR 28364)

Released/updated on: 2013-02-26

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2003-01-01--2003-12-31

The 2003 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2003, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2003. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2004 (ICPSR 28365)

Released/updated on: 2013-03-06

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2004-01-01--2004-12-31

The 2004 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2004, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2004. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2005 (ICPSR 28366)

Released/updated on: 2013-03-06

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2005-01-01--2005-12-31

The 2005 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2005, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2005. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2006 (ICPSR 31323)

Released/updated on: 2013-03-08

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2006-01-01--2006-12-31

The 2006 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2006, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2006. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2007 (ICPSR 31324)

Released/updated on: 2013-03-08

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2007-01-01--2007-12-31

The 2007 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2007, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2007. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2008 (ICPSR 34319)

Released/updated on: 2013-03-22

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2008-01-01--2008-12-31

The 2008 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2008, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2008. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2009 (ICPSR 34320)

Released/updated on: 2013-03-21

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2009-01-01--2009-12-31

The 2009 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2009, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2009. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2010 (ICPSR 34321)

Released/updated on: 2013-03-27

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2010-01-01--2010-12-31

The 2010 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2010, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2010. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2011 (ICPSR 34717)

Released/updated on: 2013-10-31

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2011-01-01--2011-12-31

The 2011 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2011, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2011. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2012 (ICPSR 35256)

Released/updated on: 2014-09-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2012-01-01--2012-12-31

The 2012 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2012, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2012. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2013 (ICPSR 35631)

Released/updated on: 2015-01-07

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2013-01-01--2013-12-31

The 2013 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2013, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2013. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2014 (ICPSR 36343)

Released/updated on: 2015-12-02

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2014-01-01--2014-12-31

The 2014 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2014, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2014. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2015 (ICPSR 36618)

Released/updated on: 2016-12-22

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2015-01-01--2015-12-31

The 2015 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2015, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2015. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2016 (ICPSR 37459)

Released/updated on: 2020-04-30

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2016-01-01--2016-12-31

The 2016 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2016, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2016. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2017 (ICPSR 37482)

Released/updated on: 2021-09-09

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2017-01-01--2017-12-31

The 2017 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2017, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2017. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Probation Survey, 2018 (ICPSR 38057)

Released/updated on: 2021-10-28

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2018-01-01--2018-12-31

The 2018 Annual Probation Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised on probation on January 1 and December 31, 2018, and a count of the number of persons entering and exiting probation supervision during 2018. The survey also provides counts of the number of probationers by certain characteristics, such as sex, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, offense, and supervision status. The survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Survey of Jails, 2013 (ICPSR 35517)

Released/updated on: 2015-01-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2012-07-01--2013-06-30

The Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ) is the only data collection effort that provides an annual source of data on local jails and jail inmates. Data on the size of the jail population and selected inmate characteristics are obtained every five to six years from the Census of Jails. In each of the years between the full censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the nation's jails and inmates housed in these jails. The 2013 Annual Survey of Jails is the 26th such survey in a series begun in 1982. The ASJ supplies data on characteristics of jails such as admissions and releases, growth in the number of jail facilities, changes in their rated capacities and level of occupancy, growth in the population supervised in the community, changes in methods of community supervision, and crowding issues. The ASJ also provides information on changes in the demographics of the jail population, supervision status of persons held, and a count of non-citizens in custody. Starting in 2010, BJS enhanced the ASJ survey instruments to address topics on the number of convicted inmates that are unsentenced or sentenced and the number of unconvicted inmates awaiting trial/arraignment, or transfers/holds for other authorities. In order to reduce respondent burden, the ASJ no longer collects data on conviction status by sex. Also new to the survey, data are collected on jails' operational capacity and design capacity. Incorporating enhanced capacity measurements enables BJS to describe more accurately the variation and volatility of inmate bed space and crowding, especially as they relate to safety and security in jails. To address more directly issues related to overcrowding and safety and security in jails, BJS started collecting data on staff and assaults against staff from the largest jails. In the modifications to the ASJ, starting in 2010, 335 jail jurisdictions (370 respondents) included with certainty in the ASJ sample survey were asked to provide additional information (forms CJ-5D or CJ-5DA) on the flow of inmates going through jails and the distribution of time served, staff characteristics and assaults on staff resulting in death, and inmate misconduct. The data presented in this study were collected in the Annual Survey of Jails, 2013. These data are used to track growth in the number of jails and the capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of the jail population and supervision status of persons held, the prevalence of crowding issues, and a count of non-United States citizens within the jail population. The data are intended for a variety of users, including federal and state agencies, local officials in conjunction with jail administrators, researchers, planners, and the public. The reference date for the survey is June 30, 2013.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Survey of Jails, 2014 (ICPSR 36274)

Released/updated on: 2015-10-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2013-07-01--2014-06-30

The Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ) is the only data collection effort that provides an annual source of data on local jails and jail inmates. Data on the size of the jail population and selected inmate characteristics are obtained every five to six years from the Census of Jails. In each of the years between the complete censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the nation's jails and inmates housed in these jails. The 2014 Annual Survey of Jails is the 27th such survey in a series begun in 1982.

The ASJ supplies data on characteristics of jails such as admissions and releases, growth in the number of jail facilities, changes in their rated capacities and level of occupancy, growth in the population supervised in the community, changes in methods of community supervision, and crowding issues. The ASJ also provides information on changes in the demographics of the jail population, supervision status of persons held, and a count of non-citizens in custody.

Starting in 2010, BJS enhanced the ASJ survey instruments to address topics on the number of convicted inmates that are unsentenced or sentenced and the number of unconvicted inmates awaiting trial/arraignment, or transfers/holds for other authorities. In order to reduce respondent burden, the ASJ no longer collects data on conviction status by sex. Also new to the survey, data are collected on jails' operational capacity and design capacity. Incorporating enhanced capacity measurements enables BJS to describe more accurately the variation and volatility of inmate bed space and crowding, especially as they relate to safety and security in jails.

To address more directly issues related to overcrowding and safety and security in jails, BJS started collecting data on staff and assaults against staff from the largest jails. In the modifications to the ASJ, starting in 2010, 335 jail jurisdictions (370 respondents) included with certainty in the ASJ sample survey were asked to provide additional information (forms CJ-5D or CJ-5DA) on the flow of inmates going through jails and the distribution of time served, staff characteristics and assaults on staff resulting in death, and inmate misconduct.

The data presented in this study were collected in the Annual Survey of Jails, 2014. These data are used to track growth in the number of jails and the capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of the jail population and supervision status of persons held, the prevalence of crowding issues, and a count of non-United States citizens within the jail population. The data are intended for a variety of users, including federal and state agencies, local officials in conjunction with jail administrators, researchers, planners, and the public. The reference date for the survey is June 30, 2014.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Survey of Jails, 2015 (ICPSR 36760)

Released/updated on: 2018-12-05

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2015-01-01--2015-12-31

The Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ) is the only data collection effort that provides an annual source of data on local jails and jail inmates. Data on the size of the jail population and selected inmate characteristics are obtained every five to six years from the Census of Jails. In each of the years between the complete censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the nation's jails and inmates housed in these jails. The 2015 Annual Survey of Jails is the 28th such survey in a series begun in 1982.

The ASJ supplies data on characteristics of jails such as admissions and releases, growth in the number of jail facilities, changes in their rated capacities and level of occupancy, growth in the population supervised in the community, changes in methods of community supervision, and crowding issues. The ASJ also provides information on changes in the demographics of the jail population, supervision status of persons held, and a count of non-U.S. citizens in custody.

The data presented in this study were collected in the Annual Survey of Jails, 2015. These data are used to track growth in the number of jails and the capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of the jail population and supervision status of persons held, the prevalence of crowding issues, and a count of non-U.S. citizens within the jail population. The data are intended for a variety of users, including Federal and State agencies, local officials in conjunction with jail administrators, researchers, planners, and the public. The reference date for the survey is December 31, 2015.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Survey of Jails, 2016 (ICPSR 37135)

Released/updated on: 2018-12-13

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2016-01-01--2016-12-31

The Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ) is the only data collection effort that provides an annual source of data on local jails and jail inmates. Data on the size of the jail population and selected inmate characteristics are obtained every five to six years from the Census of Jails. In each of the years between the complete censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the nation's jails and inmates housed in these jails. The 2016 Annual Survey of Jails is the 29th such survey in a series begun in 1982.

The ASJ supplies data on characteristics of jails such as admissions and releases, growth in the number of jail facilities, changes in their rated capacities and level of occupancy, growth in the population supervised in the community, changes in methods of community supervision, and crowding issues. The ASJ also provides information on changes in the demographics of the jail population, supervision status of persons held, and a count of non-U.S. citizens in custody.

The data presented in this study were collected in the Annual Survey of Jails, 2016. These data are used to track growth in the number of jails and the capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of the jail population and supervision status of persons held, the prevalence of crowding issues, and a count of non-U.S. citizens within the jail population. The data are intended for a variety of users, including Federal and State agencies, local officials in conjunction with jail administrators, researchers, planners, and the public. The reference date for the survey is December 31, 2016.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Survey of Jails, 2017 (ICPSR 37373)

Released/updated on: 2019-10-10

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2016-07-01--2017-06-30

The Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ) is the only data collection effort that provides an annual source of data on local jails and jail inmates. Data on the size of the jail population and selected inmate characteristics are obtained every five to six years from the Census of Jails. In each of the years between the complete censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the nation's jails and inmates housed in these jails. The 2017 Annual Survey of Jails is the 30th such survey in a series begun in 1982.

The ASJ supplies data on characteristics of jails such as admissions and releases, growth in the number of jail facilities, changes in their rated capacities and level of occupancy, growth in the population supervised in the community, changes in methods of community supervision, and crowding issues. The ASJ also provides information on changes in the demographics of the jail population, supervision status of persons held, and a count of non-U.S. citizens in custody.

The data presented in this study were collected in the Annual Survey of Jails, 2017. These data are used to track growth in the number of jails and the capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of the jail population and supervision status of persons held, the prevalence of crowding issues, and a count of non-U.S. citizens within the jail population. The data are intended for a variety of users, including Federal and State agencies, local officials in conjunction with jail administrators, researchers, planners, and the public. The reference date for the survey is June 30, 2017.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Survey of Jails, 2018 (ICPSR 37392)

Released/updated on: 2020-04-23

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2017-07-01--2018-06-30

The Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ) is the only data collection effort that provides an annual source of data on local jails and jail inmates. Data on the size of the jail population and selected inmate characteristics are obtained every five to six years from the Census of Jails. In each of the years between the complete censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the nation's jails and inmates housed in these jails. The 2018 Annual Survey of Jails is the 31st such survey in a series begun in 1982.

The ASJ supplies data on characteristics of jails such as admissions and releases, growth in the number of jail facilities, changes in their rated capacities and level of occupancy, growth in the population supervised in the community, changes in methods of community supervision, and crowding issues. The ASJ also provides information on changes in the demographics of the jail population, supervision status of persons held, and a count of non-U.S. citizens in custody.

The data presented in this study were collected in the Annual Survey of Jails, 2018. These data are used to track growth in the number of jails and the capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of the jail population and supervision status of persons held, the prevalence of crowding issues, and a count of non-U.S. citizens within the jail population. The data are intended for a variety of users, including Federal and State agencies, local officials in conjunction with jail administrators, researchers, planners, and the public. The reference date for the survey is June 29, 2018.

Curated

Restricted

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Survey of Jails, 2020 (ICPSR 38408)

Released/updated on: 2022-06-29

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2019-07-01--2020-06-30

The Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ) is the only data collection effort that provides an annual source of data on local jails and jail inmates. Data on the size of the jail population and selected inmate characteristics are obtained every five to six years from the Census of Jails. In each of the years between the complete censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the nation's jails and inmates housed in these jails. The 2020 Annual Survey of Jails is the 32nd such survey in a series begun in 1982.

The ASJ supplies data on characteristics of jails such as admissions and releases, growth in the number of jail facilities, changes in their rated capacities and level of occupancy, growth in the population supervised in the community, changes in methods of community supervision, and crowding issues. The ASJ also provides information on changes in the demographics of the jail population, supervision status of persons held, and a count of non-U.S. citizens in custody.

The data presented in this study were collected in the Annual Survey of Jails, 2020. These data are used to track growth in the number of jails and the capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of the jail population and supervision status of persons held, the prevalence of crowding issues, and a count of non-U.S. citizens within the jail population. The data are intended for a variety of users, including Federal and State agencies, local officials in conjunction with jail administrators, researchers, planners, and the public. The reference date for the survey is June 30, 2020.

The 2020 ASJ included a special module to collect data on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on local jails from March 1, 2020, to June 30, 2020. Items included:

number of jail inmates at the end of each month from January 2020 to May 2020
number of expedited releases from jail due to the pandemic
number of COVID-19 tests conducted on confined inmates
number of positive tests
number of jail staff that tested positive
number of jail inmates and staff that died from COVID-19

The data on COVID-19 tests and deaths are in the restricted-use version of the 2020 ASJ data file only

Curated

Restricted

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Survey of Jails, 2021 (ICPSR 38573)

Released/updated on: 2023-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2020-07-01--2021-06-30

The Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ) is the only data collection effort that provides an annual source of data on local jails and jail inmates. Data on the size of the jail population and selected inmate characteristics are obtained every five to six years from the Census of Jails. In each of the years between the complete censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the nation's jails and inmates housed in these jails. The 2021 Annual Survey of Jails is the 33rd such survey in a series begun in 1982.

The ASJ supplies data on characteristics of jails such as admissions and releases, growth in the number of jail facilities, changes in their rated capacities and level of occupancy, growth in the population supervised in the community, changes in methods of community supervision, and crowding issues. The ASJ also provides information on changes in the demographics of the jail population, supervision status of persons held, and a count of non-U.S. citizens in custody.

The data presented in this study were collected in the Annual Survey of Jails, 2021. These data are used to track growth in the number of jails and the capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of the jail population and supervision status of persons held, the prevalence of crowding issues, and a count of non-U.S. citizens within the jail population. The data are intended for a variety of users, including Federal and State agencies, local officials in conjunction with jail administrators, researchers, planners, and the public. The reference date for the survey is June 30, 2021.

The 2021 ASJ included a special module to collect data on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on local jails from July 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. Items included:

number of jail inmates at the end of each month from July 2020 to December 2020
number of expedited releases from jail due to the pandemic
number of COVID-19 tests conducted on confined inmates
number of positive tests
number of jail staff that tested positive
number of jail inmates and staff that died from COVID-19

The data on COVID-19 tests and deaths are in the restricted-use version of the 2021 ASJ data file only

Curated

Annual Survey of Jails, 2022 (ICPSR 38900)

Released/updated on: 2023-12-13

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2021-07-01--2022-06-30

The Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ) is the only data collection effort that provides an annual source of data on local jails and jail inmates. Data on the size of the jail population and selected inmate characteristics are obtained every five to six years from the Census of Jails. In each of the years between the complete censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the nation's jails and inmates housed in these jails. The 2022 Annual Survey of Jails is the 34th such survey in a series begun in 1982.

The ASJ supplies data on characteristics of jails such as admissions and releases, growth in the number of jail facilities, changes in their rated capacities and level of occupancy, growth in the population supervised in the community, changes in methods of community supervision, and crowding issues. The ASJ also provides information on changes in the demographics of the jail population, supervision status of persons held, and a count of non-U.S. citizens in custody.

The data presented in this study were collected in the Annual Survey of Jails, 2022. These data are used to track growth in the number of jails and the capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of the jail population and supervision status of persons held, the prevalence of crowding issues, and a count of non-U.S. citizens within the jail population. The data are intended for a variety of users, including Federal and State agencies, local officials in conjunction with jail administrators, researchers, planners, and the public. The reference date for the survey is June 30, 2022.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Survey of Jails, 2023 (ICPSR 39202)

Released/updated on: 2025-04-07

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2022-07-01--2023-06-30

The Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ) is the only data collection effort that provides an annual source of data on local jails and jail inmates. Data on the size of the jail population and selected inmate characteristics are obtained every five to six years from the Census of Jails. In each of the years between the complete censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the nation's jails and inmates housed in these jails. The 2023 Annual Survey of Jails is the 35th such survey in a series begun in 1982.

The ASJ supplies data on characteristics of jails such as admissions and releases, growth in the number of jail facilities, changes in their rated capacities and level of occupancy, growth in the population supervised in the community, changes in methods of community supervision, and crowding issues. The ASJ also provides information on changes in the demographics of the jail population, supervision status of persons held, and a count of non-U.S. citizens in custody.

The data presented in this study were collected in the Annual Survey of Jails, 2023. These data are used to track growth in the number of jails and the capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of the jail population and supervision status of persons held, the prevalence of crowding issues, and a count of non-U.S. citizens within the jail population. The data are intended for a variety of users, including Federal and State agencies, local officials in conjunction with jail administrators, researchers, planners, and the public. The reference date for the survey is June 30, 2023.

Curated

Annual Survey of Jails: Individual Reporting-Level Data, 2007 (ICPSR 24641)

Released/updated on: 2010-01-27

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2006-07-01--2007-06-30

The Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ) is the only data collection effort that provides an annual source of data on local jails and jail inmates. Data on the size of the jail population and selected inmate characteristics are obtained every five to six years from the Census of Jails. In each of the years between the full censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the Nation's jails and inmates housed in these jails. The 2007 Annual Survey of Jails is the 20th such survey in a series begun in 1982. The ASJ supplies data on characteristics of jails such as admissions and releases, growth in the number of jail facilities, changes in their rated capacities and level of occupancy, growth in the population supervised in the community, changes in methods of community supervision, and crowding issues. The ASJ also provides information on changes in the demographics of the jail population, supervision status of persons held, and a count of non-citizens in custody. The data presented in this study were collected in the Annual Survey of Jails, 2007. These data are used to track growth in the number of jails and the capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of the jail population and supervision status of persons held, the prevalence of crowding issues, and a count of non-United States citizens within the jail population. The data are intended for a variety of users, including Federal and State agencies, local officials in conjunction with jail administrators, researchers, planners, and the public. The reference date for the survey is June 29, 2007.

Curated

Annual Survey of Jails: Jail-Level Data, 2008 (ICPSR 28281)

Released/updated on: 2011-05-10

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2007-07-01--2008-06-30

The Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ) is the only data collection effort that provides an annual source of data on local jails and jail inmates. Data on the size of the jail population and selected inmate characteristics are obtained every five to six years from the Census of Jails. In each of the years between the full censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the nation's jails and inmates housed in these jails. The 2008 Annual Survey of Jails is the 21st such survey in a series begun in 1982. The ASJ supplies data on characteristics of jails such as admissions and releases, growth in the number of jail facilities, changes in their rated capacities and level of occupancy, growth in the population supervised in the community, changes in methods of community supervision, and crowding issues. The ASJ also provides information on changes in the demographics of the jail population, supervision status of persons held, and a count of non-citizens in custody. The data presented in this study were collected in the Annual Survey of Jails, 2008. These data are used to track growth in the number of jails and the capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of the jail population and supervision status of persons held, the prevalence of crowding issues, and a count of non-United States citizens within the jail population. The data are intended for a variety of users, including federal and state agencies, local officials in conjunction with jail administrators, researchers, planners, and the public. The reference date for the survey is June 30, 2008.

Curated

Annual Survey of Jails: Jail-Level Data, 2009 (ICPSR 29081)

Released/updated on: 2011-05-11

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2008-07-01--2009-06-30

The Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ) is the only data collection effort that provides an annual source of data on local jails and jail inmates. Data on the size of the jail population and selected inmate characteristics are obtained every five to six years from the Census of Jails. In each of the years between the full censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the nation's jails and inmates housed in these jails. The 2009 Annual Survey of Jails is the 22nd such survey in a series begun in 1982. The ASJ supplies data on characteristics of jails such as admissions and releases, growth in the number of jail facilities, changes in their rated capacities and level of occupancy, growth in the population supervised in the community, changes in methods of community supervision, and crowding issues. The ASJ also provides information on changes in the demographics of the jail population, supervision status of persons held, and a count of non-citizens in custody. The data presented in this study were collected in the Annual Survey of Jails, 2009. These data are used to track growth in the number of jails and the capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of the jail population and supervision status of persons held, the prevalence of crowding issues, and a count of non-United States citizens within the jail population. The data are intended for a variety of users, including federal and state agencies, local officials in conjunction with jail administrators, researchers, planners, and the public. The reference date for the survey is June 30, 2009.

Curated

Annual Survey of Jails: Jail-Level Data, 2010 (ICPSR 31261)

Released/updated on: 2011-08-02

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2009-07-01--2010-06-30

The Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ) is the only data collection effort that provides an annual source of data on local jails and jail inmates. Data on the size of the jail population and selected inmate characteristics are obtained every five to six years from the Census of Jails. In each of the years between the full censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the nation's jails and inmates housed in these jails. The 2010 Annual Survey of Jails is the 23rd such survey in a series begun in 1982. The ASJ supplies data on characteristics of jails such as admissions and releases, growth in the number of jail facilities, changes in their rated capacities and level of occupancy, growth in the population supervised in the community, changes in methods of community supervision, and crowding issues. The ASJ also provides information on changes in the demographics of the jail population, supervision status of persons held, and a count of non-citizens in custody. Starting in 2010, BJS enhanced the ASJ survey instruments to address topics on the number of convicted inmates that are unsentenced or sentenced and the number of unconvicted inmates awaiting trial/arraignment, or transfers/holds for other authorities. In order to reduce respondent burden, the ASJ no longer collects data on conviction status by sex. Also new to 2010, data is collected on jails' operational capacity and design capacity. Incorporating enhanced capacity measurements enables BJS to describe more accurately the variation and volatility of inmate bed space and crowding, especially as they relate to safety and security in jails. To address more directly issues related to overcrowding and safety and security in jails, BJS started collecting data on staff and assaults against staff from the largest jails. In the modifications to the ASJ, starting in 2010, 335 jail jurisdictions (370 respondents) included with certainty in the ASJ sample survey were asked to provide additional information (forms CJ-5D or CJ-5DA) on the flow of inmates going through jails and the distribution of time served, staff characteristics and assaults on staff resulting in death, and inmate misconduct. The data presented in this study were collected in the Annual Survey of Jails, 2010. These data are used to track growth in the number of jails and the capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of the jail population and supervision status of persons held, the prevalence of crowding issues, and a count of non-United States citizens within the jail population. The data are intended for a variety of users, including federal and state agencies, local officials in conjunction with jail administrators, researchers, planners, and the public. The reference date for the survey is June 30, 2010.

Curated

Annual Survey of Jails: Jail-Level Data, 2011 (ICPSR 33722)

Released/updated on: 2012-04-25

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2010-07-01--2011-06-30

The Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ) is the only data collection effort that provides an annual source of data on local jails and jail inmates. Data on the size of the jail population and selected inmate characteristics are obtained every five to six years from the Census of Jails. In each of the years between the full censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the nation's jails and inmates housed in these jails. The 2011 Annual Survey of Jails is the 24th such survey in a series begun in 1982. The ASJ supplies data on characteristics of jails such as admissions and releases, growth in the number of jail facilities, changes in their rated capacities and level of occupancy, growth in the population supervised in the community, changes in methods of community supervision, and crowding issues. The ASJ also provides information on changes in the demographics of the jail population, supervision status of persons held, and a count of non-citizens in custody. Starting in 2010, BJS enhanced the ASJ survey instruments to address topics on the number of convicted inmates that are unsentenced or sentenced and the number of unconvicted inmates awaiting trial/arraignment, or transfers/holds for other authorities. In order to reduce respondent burden, the ASJ no longer collects data on conviction status by sex. Also new to the survey, data are collected on jails' operational capacity and design capacity. Incorporating enhanced capacity measurements enables BJS to describe more accurately the variation and volatility of inmate bed space and crowding, especially as they relate to safety and security in jails. To address more directly issues related to overcrowding and safety and security in jails, BJS started collecting data on staff and assaults against staff from the largest jails. In the modifications to the ASJ, starting in 2010, 335 jail jurisdictions (370 respondents) included with certainty in the ASJ sample survey were asked to provide additional information (forms CJ-5D or CJ-5DA) on the flow of inmates going through jails and the distribution of time served, staff characteristics and assaults on staff resulting in death, and inmate misconduct. The data presented in this study were collected in the Annual Survey of Jails, 2011. These data are used to track growth in the number of jails and the capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of the jail population and supervision status of persons held, the prevalence of crowding issues, and a count of non-United States citizens within the jail population. The data are intended for a variety of users, including federal and state agencies, local officials in conjunction with jail administrators, researchers, planners, and the public. The reference date for the survey is June 30, 2011.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Annual Survey of Jails: Jail-Level Data, 2012 (ICPSR 34884)

Released/updated on: 2013-10-30

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2011-07-01--2012-06-30

The Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ) is the only data collection effort that provides an annual source of data on local jails and jail inmates. Data on the size of the jail population and selected inmate characteristics are obtained every five to six years from the Census of Jails. In each of the years between the full censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the nation's jails and inmates housed in these jails. The 2012 Annual Survey of Jails is the 25th such survey in a series begun in 1982. The ASJ supplies data on characteristics of jails such as admissions and releases, growth in the number of jail facilities, changes in their rated capacities and level of occupancy, growth in the population supervised in the community, changes in methods of community supervision, and crowding issues. The ASJ also provides information on changes in the demographics of the jail population, supervision status of persons held, and a count of non-citizens in custody. Starting in 2010, BJS enhanced the ASJ survey instruments to address topics on the number of convicted inmates that are unsentenced or sentenced and the number of unconvicted inmates awaiting trial/arraignment, or transfers/holds for other authorities. In order to reduce respondent burden, the ASJ no longer collects data on conviction status by sex. Also new to the survey, data are collected on jails' operational capacity and design capacity. Incorporating enhanced capacity measurements enables BJS to describe more accurately the variation and volatility of inmate bed space and crowding, especially as they relate to safety and security in jails. To address more directly issues related to overcrowding and safety and security in jails, BJS started collecting data on staff and assaults against staff from the largest jails. In the modifications to the ASJ, starting in 2010, 335 jail jurisdictions (370 respondents) included with certainty in the ASJ sample survey were asked to provide additional information (forms CJ-5D or CJ-5DA) on the flow of inmates going through jails and the distribution of time served, staff characteristics and assaults on staff resulting in death, and inmate misconduct. The data presented in this study were collected in the Annual Survey of Jails, 2012. These data are used to track growth in the number of jails and the capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of the jail population and supervision status of persons held, the prevalence of crowding issues, and a count of non-United States citizens within the jail population. The data are intended for a variety of users, including federal and state agencies, local officials in conjunction with jail administrators, researchers, planners, and the public. The reference date for the survey is June 29, 2012.

Curated

Annual Survey of Jails: Jurisdiction-level and Jail-level Data, 1985 (ICPSR 8687)

Released/updated on: 2005-11-04

Geographic coverage: United States

The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) sponsors the Sample Survey of Jails as part of a series of statistical programs measuring the correctional population. The Sample Survey meets BJS's need to analyze continuously the "spillover" effect on local jails of the growth in federal and state prison populations. The data are used in conjunction with statistics on federal and state prisoners to provide a complete picture of the adult correctional system and to measure changes in that system.

Curated

Annual Survey of Jails: Jurisdiction-Level and Jail-Level Data, 1991 (ICPSR 6511)

Released/updated on: 2005-11-04

Geographic coverage: United States

This collection provides annual data on jail populations across the nation and examines the "spillover" effect on local jails resulting from the dramatic growth in federal and state prison populations. These data permit an assessment of the demands placed on correctional resources and provide a comprehensive picture of the adult correctional system and changes that occur within the system. Information is available on the number of inmates by sex, race, adult or juvenile status, reason being held, and cause of death. Facility characteristics were collected regarding capacity, court orders, conditions of confinement, and alternative programs.

Curated

Annual Survey of Jails: Jurisdiction-Level and Jail-Level Data, 1992 (ICPSR 6395)

Released/updated on: 2005-11-04

Geographic coverage: United States

This collection provides annual data on jail populations across the nation and examines the "spillover" effect on local jails resulting from the dramatic growth in federal and state prison populations. These data permit an assessment of the demands placed on correctional resources and provide a comprehensive picture of the adult correctional system and changes that occur within the system. Information is available on the number of inmates by sex, race, adult or juvenile status, reason being held, and cause of death. Also added in the 1992 survey were variables on citizenship, population movement, and total number of inmate deaths for inmates originally confined to the facility in question who died either at that facility or elsewhere. Also, the 1992 version included a more complete survey of jail programs and a supplemental questionnaire (CJ-5S), which dealt with AIDS-related questions. In addition, information was collected for the first time on drug testing, programs that treated or educated inmates, boot camps, work release, and alternatives to incarceration such as electronic monitoring, house arrest, community service, and weekend or day reporting.

Curated

Annual Survey of Jails: Jurisdiction-Level Data, 1987 (ICPSR 9074)

Released/updated on: 2005-11-04

Geographic coverage: United States

This data collection provides annual data on jail populations across the nation and examines the "spillover" effect on local jails resulting from the dramatic growth in federal and state prison populations. These data permit an assessment of the demands placed on correctional resources and provide a complete picture of the adult correctional system and the changes that occur in that system. Information is available on the number of inmates by sex, race, adult or juvenile status, reason being held, and cause of death.

Curated

Annual Survey of Jails: Jurisdiction-Level Data, 1989 (ICPSR 9373)

Released/updated on: 2005-11-04

Geographic coverage: United States

This data collection provides annual data on jail populations across the nation and examines the "spillover" effect on local jails resulting from the dramatic growth in federal and state prison populations. These data permit an assessment of the demands placed on correctional resources and provide a complete picture of the adult correctional system and the changes that occur in that system. Information is available on the number of inmates by sex, race, adult or juvenile status, reason being held, and cause of death.

Curated

Annual Survey of Jails: Jurisdiction-Level Data, 1990 (ICPSR 9569)

Released/updated on: 2005-11-04

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1989-07-01--1990-06-30

This collection provides annual data on jail populations across the nation and examines the "spillover" effect on local jails resulting from the dramatic growth in federal and state prison populations. These data permit an assessment of the demands placed on correctional resources and provide a complete picture of the adult correctional system and the changes that occur in that system. Information is available on the number of inmates by sex, race, adult or juvenile status, reason being held, and cause of death. Facility characteristics were collected regarding capacity, court orders, conditions of confinement, and alternative programs.