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Showing 1 – 50 of 149 results.
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Altering Administrative Segregation for Inmates and Staff: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of the Effects of Living and Working in Restrictive Housing, Arizona, 2017-2019 (ICPSR 37851)

Released/updated on: 2023-06-15
Geographic coverage: United States, Arizona
Time period: 2017-01-01--2019-01-01

The Arizona Working and Living in Prison (AZWLP) project examined the impact of living and working in restrictive status housing, with a particular focus on the impact of restrictive housing on prisoner and staff well-being. The prisoner data represents three waves of data: baseline (within 3 weeks of placement in permanent housing), six months, and twelve months across medium, close, and maximum security custody levels. The critical measure of well-being is the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R). Prisoners were assessed at all three time points to determine whether placement in maximum custody impacted well-being as compared to placements in close or medium custody.

The staff data represents cross-sectional data of staff working in medium, close, and maximum security custody levels and asked staff to report on the emotional and physical impacts of the job, psychosomatic symptoms, organizational commitment, and social support.

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Assessing Consistency and Fairness in Sentencing in Michigan, Minnesota, and Virginia, 2001-2002, 2004 (ICPSR 22642)

Released/updated on: 2009-11-30
Geographic coverage: United States, Minnesota, Virginia, Michigan
Time period: 2001-07-01--2002-06-30, 2001-07-01--2002-06-30
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the integrity of sentencing outcomes under alternative state guideline systems and to investigate how this variation in structure impacted actual sentencing practice. The research team sought to address the question, to what extent do sentencing guidelines contribute to the goals of consistency, proportionality, and a lack of discrimination. The National Center for State Courts conducted an examination of sentencing patterns in three states with substantially different guidelines systems: Minnesota, Michigan, and Virginia. The three states vary along critical dimensions of the presumptive versus voluntary nature of guidelines as well as basic mechanics. There are differences in the formal design, administration, and statutory framework of the Michigan, Minnesota, and Virginia sentencing systems. For the 2004 Michigan Sentencing Outcomes Data (Part 1), the Michigan Department of Corrections Offender Management Network Information System (OMNI) provided sentencing guideline data for 32,754 individual offenders sentenced during calendar year 2004. For the 2002 Minnesota Sentencing Outcomes Data (Part 2), the Minnesota Sentencing Commission provided data for 12,978 individual offenders sentenced in calendar year 2002. The Virginia Sentencing Commission provided the Fiscal Year 2002 Virginia Assault Sentencing Outcomes Data (Part 3) and the Fiscal Year 2002 Virginia Burglary Sentencing Outcomes Data (Part 4). The Assault and Burglary/Dwelling crime groups have 1,614 and 1,743 observations, respectively. Variables in the four datasets are classified into the broad categories of conviction offense severity, prior record, offense seriousness, grid cell type, habitual/modifiers, departure, and extra guideline variables.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-1987 (ICPSR 9210)

Released/updated on: 2008-11-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--1987-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and on prisoners whose sentences were commuted or vacated. The data furnish basic sociodemographic classifications including age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status at time of imprisonment, level of education, and state and region of incarceration. Criminal history information includes prior felony convictions, prior convictions for criminal homicide, and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is provided on those inmates removed from death row by yearend 1986, inmates receiving a second capital punishment sentence in 1987, and inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-1988 (ICPSR 9337)

Released/updated on: 2008-11-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--1988-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and on those whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated. Information is available on basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status at time of imprisonment, level of education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is provided on those inmates removed from death row by yearend 1988 and those inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-1989 (ICPSR 9507)

Released/updated on: 2008-11-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--1989-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and on those whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-1989. Information is supplied on basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status at time of imprisonment, level of education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for those inmates removed from death row by yearend 1989 and for those inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-1990 (ICPSR 9819)

Released/updated on: 2008-11-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--1990-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and on those whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-1990. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, marital status at time of imprisonment, level of education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for those inmates removed from death row by yearend 1990 and for those inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-1991 (ICPSR 6514)

Released/updated on: 2008-11-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--1991-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and on those whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-1991. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, marital status at time of imprisonment, level of education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by yearend 1991 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-1992 (ICPSR 6513)

Released/updated on: 2008-11-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--1992-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and on those whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-1992. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, marital status at time of imprisonment, level of education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by yearend 1992 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-1993 (ICPSR 6512)

Released/updated on: 2008-11-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--1993-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and on those whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-1993. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, marital status at the time of imprisonment, level of education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by yearend 1993 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-1994 (ICPSR 6691)

Released/updated on: 2008-11-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--1994-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and prisoners whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-1994. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, marital status at the time of imprisonment, level of education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by yearend 1994 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-1995 (ICPSR 6956)

Released/updated on: 2008-11-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--1995-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and prisoners whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-1995. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, marital status at the time of imprisonment, level of education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by yearend 1995 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-1996 (ICPSR 2736)

Released/updated on: 2008-11-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--1996-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and prisoners whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-1996. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, marital status at the time of imprisonment, level of education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by yearend 1996 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-1997 (ICPSR 2737)

Released/updated on: 2008-11-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--1997-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and prisoners whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-1997. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by yearend 1997 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-1998 (ICPSR 2977)

Released/updated on: 2008-11-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--1998-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and prisoners whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-1998. Information is supplied on basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by yearend 1998 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-1999 (ICPSR 3201)

Released/updated on: 2008-11-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--1999-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and prisoners whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-1999. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by yearend 1999 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2000 (ICPSR 3667)

Released/updated on: 2008-11-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2000-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and prisoners whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-2000. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by yearend 2000 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2001 (ICPSR 3947)

Released/updated on: 2008-11-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2001-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and prisoners whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-2001. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by year-end 2001 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2002 (ICPSR 3958)

Released/updated on: 2008-11-04
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2002-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and prisoners whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-2002. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by year-end 2002 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2003 (ICPSR 4404)

Released/updated on: 2008-11-04
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2003-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and prisoners whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-2003. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by year-end 2003 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2004 (ICPSR 4430)

Released/updated on: 2008-10-24
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2004-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and prisoners whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-2004. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by year-end 2004 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2005 (ICPSR 20580)

Released/updated on: 2008-10-21
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2005-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and prisoners whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-2005. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by year-end 2005 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2006 (ICPSR 23360)

Released/updated on: 2008-10-06
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2006-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and prisoners whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-2005. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by year-end 2006 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2007 (ICPSR 24961)

Released/updated on: 2009-03-11
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2007-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and prisoners whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-2007. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by year-end 2007 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2008 (ICPSR 27982)

Released/updated on: 2010-09-07
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2008-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and prisoners whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-2008. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by year-end 2008 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2009 (ICPSR 31443)

Released/updated on: 2011-12-08
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2009-01-01
This data collection provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death and prisoners whose offense sentences were commuted or vacated during the period 1973-2009. Information is supplied for basic sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, education, and state of incarceration. Criminal history data include prior felony convictions for criminal homicide and legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is available for inmates removed from death row by year-end 2009 and for inmates who were executed.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2010 (ICPSR 34366)

Released/updated on: 2020-11-17
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2010-01-01
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN THE UNITED STATES, 1973-2010 provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death, as well as those who had their sentences commuted or vacated and prisoners who were executed. This study examines basic sociodemographic classifications including age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status at time of imprisonment, level of education, and State and region of incarceration. Criminal history information includes prior felony convictions and prior convictions for criminal homicide and the legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is provided on those inmates removed from death row by yearend 2010. The dataset consists of one part which contains 9,058 cases. The file provides information on inmates whose death sentences were removed in addition to information on those inmates who were executed. The file also gives information about inmates who received a second death sentence by yearend 2010 as well as inmates who were already on death row.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2011 (ICPSR 36165)

Released/updated on: 2020-12-02
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2011-01-01
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN THE UNITED STATES, 1973-2011 provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death, as well as those who had their sentences commuted or vacated and prisoners who were executed. This study examines basic sociodemographic classifications including age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status at time of imprisonment, level of education, and state and region of incarceration. Criminal history information includes prior felony convictions and prior convictions for criminal homicide and the legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is provided on those inmates removed from death row by yearend 2011. The dataset consists of one part which contains 9,058 cases. The file provides information on inmates whose death sentences were removed in addition to information on those inmates who were executed. The file also gives information about inmates who received a second death sentence by yearend 2011 as well as inmates who were already on death row.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2012 (ICPSR 36166)

Released/updated on: 2020-12-17
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2012-01-01
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN THE UNITED STATES, 1973-2012 provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death, as well as those who had their sentences commuted or vacated and prisoners who were executed. This study examines basic sociodemographic classifications including age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status at time of imprisonment, level of education, and state and region of incarceration. Criminal history information includes prior felony convictions and prior convictions for criminal homicide and the legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is provided on those inmates removed from death row by yearend 2012. The dataset consists of one part which contains 9,058 cases. The file provides information on inmates whose death sentences were removed in addition to information on those inmates who were executed. The file also gives information about inmates who received a second death sentence by yearend 2012 as well as inmates who were already on death row.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2013 (ICPSR 36139)

Released/updated on: 2020-12-17
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2013-01-01
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN THE UNITED STATES, 1973-2013 provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death, as well as those who had their sentences commuted or vacated and prisoners who were executed. This study examines basic sociodemographic classifications including age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status at time of imprisonment, level of education, and state and region of incarceration. Criminal history information includes prior felony convictions and prior convictions for criminal homicide and the legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is provided on those inmates removed from death row by yearend 2013. The dataset consists of one part which contains 9,058 cases. The file provides information on inmates whose death sentences were removed in addition to information on those inmates who were executed. The file also gives information about inmates who received a second death sentence by yearend 2013 as well as inmates who were already on death row.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2017 (ICPSR 37824)

Released/updated on: 2022-05-31
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2017-01-01
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN THE UNITED STATES, 1973-2017 provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death, as well as those who had their sentences commuted or vacated and prisoners who were executed. This study examines basic sociodemographic classifications including age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status at time of imprisonment, level of education, and state and region of incarceration. Criminal history information includes prior felony convictions and prior convictions for criminal homicide and the legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is provided on those inmates removed from death row by yearend 2017. The dataset consists of one part which contains 9,543 cases. The file provides information on inmates whose death sentences were removed in addition to information on those inmates who were executed. The file also gives information about inmates who received a second death sentence by yearend 2017 as well as inmates who were already on death row.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2018 (ICPSR 37879)

Released/updated on: 2022-05-31
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2018-01-01

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN THE UNITED STATES, 1973-2018 provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death, as well as those who had their sentences commuted or vacated and prisoners who were executed. This study examines basic sociodemographic classifications including age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status at time of imprisonment, level of education, and state and region of incarceration. Criminal history information includes prior felony convictions and prior convictions for criminal homicide and the legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is provided on those inmates removed from death row by yearend 2018. The dataset consists of one part which contains 9,583 cases. The file provides information on inmates whose death sentences were removed in addition to information on those inmates who were executed. The file also gives information about inmates who received a second death sentence by yearend 2018 as well as inmates who were already on death row.

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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2019 (ICPSR 37998)

Released/updated on: 2022-05-31
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2019-01-01
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN THE UNITED STATES, 1973-2019 provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death, as well as those who had their sentences commuted or vacated and prisoners who were executed. This study examines basic sociodemographic classifications including age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status at time of imprisonment, level of education, and state and region of incarceration. Criminal history information includes prior felony convictions and prior convictions for criminal homicide and the legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is provided on those inmates removed from death row by yearend 2019. The dataset consists of one part which contains 9,617 cases. The file provides information on inmates whose death sentences were removed in addition to information on those inmates who were executed. The file also gives information about inmates who received a second death sentence by yearend 2019 as well as inmates who were already on death row.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2020 (ICPSR 38393)

Released/updated on: 2022-03-31
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2020-01-01
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN THE UNITED STATES, 1973-2020 provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death, as well as those who had their sentences commuted or vacated and prisoners who were executed. This study examines basic sociodemographic classifications including age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status at time of imprisonment, level of education, and state and region of incarceration. Criminal history information includes prior felony convictions and prior convictions for criminal homicide and the legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is provided on those inmates removed from death row by yearend 2020. The dataset consists of one part which contains 9,636 cases. The file provides information on inmates whose death sentences were removed in addition to information on those inmates who were executed. The file also gives information about inmates who received a second death sentence by yearend 2020 as well as inmates who were already on death row.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2021 (ICPSR 38924)

Released/updated on: 2023-11-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2021-01-01
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN THE UNITED STATES, 1973-2021 provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death, as well as those who had their sentences commuted or vacated and prisoners who were executed. This study examines basic sociodemographic classifications including age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status at time of imprisonment, level of education, and state and region of incarceration. Criminal history information includes prior felony convictions and prior convictions for criminal homicide and the legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is provided on those inmates removed from death row by yearend 2021. The dataset consists of one part which contains 9,657 cases. The file provides information on inmates whose death sentences were removed in addition to information on those inmates who were executed. The file also gives information about inmates who received a second death sentence by yearend 2021 as well as inmates who were already on death row.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2022 (ICPSR 39405)

Released/updated on: 2025-07-23
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2022-01-01
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN THE UNITED STATES, 1973-2022 provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death, as well as those who had their sentences commuted or vacated and prisoners who were executed. This study examines basic sociodemographic classifications including age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status at time of imprisonment, level of education, and state and region of incarceration. Criminal history information includes prior felony convictions and prior convictions for criminal homicide and the legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is provided on those inmates removed from death row by year-end 2022. The dataset consists of one part which contains 9,675 cases and 33 variables. The file provides information on inmates whose death sentences were removed in addition to information on those inmates who were executed. The file also gives information about inmates who received a second death sentence by year-end 2022 as well as inmates who were already on death row.
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Capital Punishment in the United States, 1973-2023 (ICPSR 39406)

Released/updated on: 2025-07-23
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--2023-01-01
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN THE UNITED STATES, 1973-2023 provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death, as well as those who had their sentences commuted or vacated and prisoners who were executed. This study examines basic sociodemographic classifications including age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status at time of imprisonment, level of education, and state and region of incarceration. Criminal history information includes prior felony convictions and prior convictions for criminal homicide and the legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is provided on those inmates removed from death row by year-end 2023. The dataset consists of one part which contains 9,692 cases and 33 variables. The file provides information on inmates whose death sentences were removed in addition to information on those inmates who were executed. The file also gives information about inmates who received a second death sentence by year-end 2023 as well as inmates who were already on death row.
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Classifying Inmates for Strategic Programming in the New York Department of Corrections, 1997-1998 (ICPSR 3205)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-30
Geographic coverage: New York City, United States, New York (state)
Time period: 1997-07-01--1998-06-30
The main goal of this study was to construct and test a statistically based system of classifying inmates for one or more types of Substance Abuse Intervention Division (SAID) sponsored treatment programs within the New York Department of Corrections (DOC) system. The sample used for the prediction models was a sample of recent jail inmates identified as eligible for admission to SAID. DOC provided data from its Inmate Information System (IIS) database on each of the cases. Researchers collected two sets of data: one that employed only DOC data (Part 1) and another that included supplementary data from the Division of Criminal Justice Services (DCJS) and the New York City Criminal Justice Agency (CJA) (Part 2). The DOC data (Part 1) fall into four main categories: demographic characteristics, information on the current case, prior criminal record information, and SAID eligibility information. Part 2, DOC and Supplementary Data, includes all the DOC items from Part 1 along with other data collected from DCJS and the New York City CJA.
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Cognitive Behavioral Interventions and Misconduct Behind Bars: A Randomized Control Trial of Cognitive Behavioral Interventions Core Curriculum (CBI-CC), Delaware, 2019-2023 (ICPSR 39035)

Released/updated on: 2025-04-29
Geographic coverage: United States, Delaware
Time period: 2019-08-01--2023-09-01

Institutional misconduct, especially violent misconduct, poses a problem for all prisons. To address the misconduct concern, this study tested whether an evidence-based, cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) program would reduce misconduct, including incidents of violent misconduct, and post-release arrests compared to non or less intensive CBT programming. The Delaware Department of Correction (DOC) implemented CBT-based programs in their institutions, which included the Cognitive Behavioral Interventions - Core Curriculum (CBI-CC) developed at the University of Cincinnati. The three programs addressed in this study include Thinking Things Through (TTT), Road to Recovery (R2R), and Reflections. TTT consisted of the instruments and materials of the CBI-CC, whereas R2R and Reflections focused on CBT skills and techniques. The Center for Drug and Health Studies (CDHS) in collaboration with DOC evaluated the impact of the program using administrative records and surveys with program participants.

Results indicated that all treatment groups performed better than the control group in terms of rearrest and incarceration. The group who received the intensive CBT treatment performed significantly better than all other groups. Intensive CBT treatment was thus effective in reducing recidivism. In terms of CBI-CC programming, participants had the highest rates of misconduct but saw a significant decrease after completing programming. In addition, both R2R and TTT have the lowest rates of rearrest after completing treatment programming compared to all other groups. This can be credited to the length and intensity of programming, as well CBT implemented within the programs.

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Crime Commission Rates Among Incarcerated Felons in Nebraska, 1986-1990 (ICPSR 9916)

Released/updated on: 1994-02-17
Geographic coverage: United States, Nebraska
Time period: 1986-01-01--1990-01-01
These data focus on rates of criminal offending obtained through the use of self-report surveys. Specifically, the study investigates whether two different types of self-report surveys produce different estimates of lambda, an individual's frequency of criminal offending. The surveys, which were administered during personal interviews with inmates in Nebraska prisons, differed in how respondents were asked about their frequency of criminal offending. The more detailed survey asked respondents to indicate their offenses on a month-by-month basis for the reporting period. The less detailed survey only asked respondents to indicate their offending for the entire reporting period. These data also provide information on the relationship between race and offending frequencies, the rates of offending over time and by crime category, and the individual's subjective probability of punishment and offending frequency. The specific crimes targeted in this collection include burglary, business robbery, personal robbery, assault, theft, forgery, fraud, drug dealing, and rape. All respondents were asked questions on criminal history, substance abuse, attitudes about crime and the judicial system, predictions of future criminal behavior, and demographic information, including age, race, education, and marital status.
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Effect of Prison Based Alcohol Treatment: Treatment and Recidivism Data from Montana, Ohio, and Texas, 2006-2012 (ICPSR 34928)

Released/updated on: 2017-02-03
Geographic coverage: Montana, United States, Texas, Ohio
Time period: 2006-07-01--2012-05-01, 2009-07-01--2012-09-01, 2008-03-01--2011-12-01

This study evaluated program design, quality of treatment delivery, and program effectiveness of three separate state sponsored alcohol specific treatment programs in prisons located in Montana, Ohio, and Texas from 2006 to 2012.

Curated

Effects of Determinant Sentencing on Institutional Climate and Prison Administration: Connecticut, Minnesota, Illinois, 1981-1983 (ICPSR 8278)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: United States, Illinois, Connecticut, Minnesota
Time period: 1981-01-01--1983-01-01
This data collection examines the effects of determinant sentencing on prison climate and administration. Three data collection periods are covered in the dataset. Parts 1-3 contain data taken from a total random sample of offenders housed at five prisons over all three data collection periods. Part 4 is an additional sample from the state of Connecticut of inmates serving determinate sentences, collected during the third period of data collection. Parts 5 and 6 comprise indeterminate sample data from all three data collection periods, while Parts 7-9 contain determinate panel sample data from all three collection periods. There were six questionnaires used in collecting these data, covering inmates' feelings about their arrest, court case, and conviction, their feelings about the law, physical problems developed during their prison term, how their time was spent in prison, family contacts outside prison, relationships with other prisoners and guards, involvement in prison programs, and criminal history.
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Evaluation of In-Prison Programming for Incarcerated Women: Addressing Trauma and Prior Victimization, United States, 2017-2020 (ICPSR 37891)

Released/updated on: 2021-10-14
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2017-01-01--2020-01-01

The Urban Institute, in collaboration with the Correctional Leaders Association (CLA), the National Center on Victims of Crime (NCVC), and the Center for Effective Public Policy (CEPP), and with funding from the National Institute of Justice, conducted a two-tiered, 33-month, exploratory mixed methods study of the policies, programs, and practices used nationwide to address the needs of incarcerated women with prior trauma and victimization experiences and prevent in-custody victimization, aiming to generate actionable information for policymakers, practitioners, and program developers.

This is the first single, comprehensive study documenting the extent to which facilities implement trauma-informed and gender-responsive approaches to address women's victimization experiences, whether they offer victim services, the range of services offered, and the prevalence of trauma-informed practices in state-level women's correctional facilities. It establishes foundational knowledge for the field regarding the scope, structure, and composition of these approaches, including their trauma-informed components and use in women's correctional facilities.

Curated

Evaluation of the Los Angeles County Regimented Inmate Diversion (RID) Program, 1990-1991 (ICPSR 6236)

Released/updated on: 1994-10-19
Geographic coverage: United States, Los Angeles, California
Time period: 1990-09-01--1991-08-01
This data collection documents an evaluation of the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Regimented Inmate Diversion (RID) program conducted with male inmates who were participants in the program during September 1990-August 1991. The evaluation was designed to determine whether county-operated boot camp programs for male inmates were feasible and cost-effective. An evaluation design entailing both process and impact components was undertaken to fully assess the overall effects of the RID program on offenders and on the county jail system. The process component documented how the RID program actually operated in terms of its selection criteria, delivery of programs, length of participation, and program completion rates. Variables include demographic/criminal data (e.g., race, date of birth, arrest charge, bail and amount, sentence days, certificates acquired, marital status, employment status, income), historical state and county arrest data (e.g., date of crime, charge, disposition, probation time, jail time, type of crime), boot camp data (e.g., entry into and exit from boot camp, reason for exit, probation dates, living conditions, restitution order), drug history data (e.g., drug used, frequency, method), data on drug tests, and serious incidence data. The impact data were collected on measures of recidivism, program costs, institutional behavior, and RID's effect on jail crowding.
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Simple Crosstabs

Evaluation of the Psychological Effects of Administrative Segregation in Colorado, 2007-2010 (ICPSR 31321)

Released/updated on: 2014-02-05
Geographic coverage: United States, Colorado
Time period: 2007-07-01--2010-03-01
The study was conducted to evaluate the psychological effects of long-term administrative segregation (AS) on offenders, particularly those with mental illness. The longitudinal study examined five groups of inmates in the Colorado prison system over the course of one year: inmates in AS at the Colorado State Penitentiary (CSP) with mental illness, inmates in AS at the CSP without mental illness, inmates at risk of AS in the general population (GP) with mental illness, inmates at risk of AS in the GP without mental illness, and inmates at the San Carlos Correctional Facility, a facility for offenders with severe mental illness. Over the course of the study, researchers assessed each group of inmates using 14 psychological instruments, most of which were administered at three month intervals. Of the 14 psychological instruments, 12 were self-reports by inmates, 1 was filled out by mental health clinicians, and 1 was filled out by correctional staff.
Curated

Examining Prison Stays in Michigan, 1985-2008 (ICPSR 37034)

Released/updated on: 2018-05-15
Geographic coverage: United States, Michigan
Time period: 1985-01-01--2005-01-01

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.

This research sought to analyze the length of time served by state prisoners in Michigan from 1985 to 2008. It was conducted to address research that showed Michigan had the longest prison stays in the United States of America, the substantial impact that time served had upon state prison populations, and to assess the effect of parole and sentencing policy on time-served. The research utilized National Corrections Reporting Program (NCRP) data available through the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD) in order to build upon past-research and contribute to the understanding of state-specific patterns and trends across offenses and racial groups.

In order to address policy effects upon time served, the purpose of this study was to contextualize patterns of time served across 20 years within the parole and sentencing policy changes in Michigan; the impact of reforms in 1999 were of particular focus.

There are no data files available with this study. Only syntax files used by the researcher(s) are provided.

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Examining Race and Gender Disparities in Restrictive Housing Placements, in a large U.S. State, 2010-2014 (ICPSR 37092)

Released/updated on: 2018-09-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2010-07-01--2014-06-30

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.

The data were obtained from one state prison system that was characterized by a diverse and rising prison population. This prison system housed more than 30,000 inmates across 15 institutions (14 men's facilities; 1 women's facility). The data contain information on inmates' placements into different housing units across all 15 state prison complexes, including designated maximum security, restrictive housing units. Inmates placed in restrictive housing were in lockdown the majority of the day, had limited work opportunities, and were closely monitored. These inmates were also escorted in full restraints within the institution. They experienced little recreational time, visitation and phone privileges, and few interactions with other inmates. The data contain information on inmates' housing placements, institutional misconduct, risk factors, demographic characteristics, criminal history, and offense information. These data provide information on every housing placement for each inmate, including the time spent in each placement, and the reasons documented by correctional staff for placing inmates in each housing unit. Demographic information includes inmate sex, race/ethnicity, and age.

The collection contains 1 Stata data file "Inmate-Housing-Placements-Data.dta" with 16 variables and 124,942 cases.

Curated
Partially restricted

Federal Justice Statistics Program Data, 1978-1994: [United States] (ICPSR 9296)

Released/updated on: 2023-01-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1978-01-01--1994-01-01
Data in this collection examine the processing of federal offenders. The Cases Terminated files (Parts 1-3 and 25-28) contain information about defendants in criminal cases filed in the United States Federal District Court and terminated in the calendar years indicated. Defendants in criminal cases may either be individuals or corporations, and there is one record for each defendant in each case terminated. Information on court proceedings, date the case was filed, date the case was terminated, most serious charge, and reason for termination is included. The Docket and Reporting System files (Parts 4-7, 31-34, and 42) include information on suspects in investigative matters that took an hour or more of a United States Attorney's time with one of the following outcomes: (1) the United States Attorney declined to prosecute, (2) the case was filed in Federal District Court, or (3) the matter was disposed by a United States magistrate. Codes for each disposition and change of status are also provided. The Pretrial Services data (Parts 8, 22, 43, and 47) present variables on the circuit, district, and office where the defendant was charged, type of action, year of birth and sex of the defendant, major offense charge, and results of initial and detention hearings. The Parole Decisions data (Part 9) contain information from various parole hearings such as court date, appeal action, reopening decision, sentence, severity of sentence, offense, and race and ethnicity of the defendant. The Offenders Under Supervision files (Parts 15-16 and 37-40) focus on convicted offenders sentenced to probation supervision and federal prisoners released to parole supervision. The Federal Prisoner files (Parts 18 and 20) supply data on when an offender entered and was released from confinement, as well as the amount of time served for any given offense. The Administrative Office of the United States Courts data files (Parts 44, 52, and 53) contain records of defendants in criminal cases filed in Federal District Court and terminated in the calendar years indicated. There is one record for each defendant in each case. Variables include the date the case was filed, offense level, AO (Administrative Office) codes, and disposition date. The Bureau of Prisons data (both the Master and Detail files, Parts 45, 46, and 54-57 -- formerly known as the Federal Prisoner files) contain records of sentenced prisoners admitted to or released from federal prison during 1992-1994. These files consist of separate records for each prisoner's commitment to federal prison, and for each sentence imposed on a prisoner for a given commitment to federal prison. The Central System (CS) and Central Charge (CC) files of the Executive Office for United States Attorneys (EOUSA) include information about suspects in criminal matters and defendants in criminal cases in 1993-1994. Each defendant in a criminal matter has a master Central System record (Parts 50 and 51) and may have one or more Central Charge records (Parts 48 and 49). The Federal Probation/Supervision Data files (Parts 58 and 59) provide information on supervision procedures and the sequence of events and proceedings in 1992-1994 from the time a case was opened for supervision until the case was terminated. These include reports of parole violations, transfers of supervision to other districts, and case removals due to, for example, rearrest or hospitalization. The Sentencing Commission data (Parts 60 and 61) contain information on federal criminal cases sentenced in 1992-1994 under the Sentencing Guidelines and Policy Statements of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984.
Curated
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Federal Justice Statistics Program: Offenders in Prison at Year-End, 2012 (ICPSR 35495)

Released/updated on: 2015-02-04
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2011-10-01--2012-09-30
The data contain records of sentenced offenders in the custody of the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) at year-end of fiscal year 2012. The data include commitments of United States District Court, violators of conditions of release (e.g., parole, probation, or supervised release violators), offenders convicted in other courts (e.g., military or District of Columbia courts), and persons admitted to prison as material witnesses or for purposes of treatment, examination, or transfer to another authority. These data include variables that describe the offender, such as age, race, citizenship, as well as variables that describe the sentences and expected prison terms. The data file contains original variables from the Bureau of Prisons' SENTRY database, as well as "SAF" variables that denote subsets of the data. These SAF variables are related to statistics reported in the Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics, Tables 7.9-7.16. Variables containing identifying information (e.g., name, Social Security Number) were replaced with blanks, and the day portions of date fields were also sanitized in order to protect the identities of individuals. These data are part of a series designed by the Urban Institute (Washington, DC) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data and documentation were prepared by the Urban Institute.
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Partially restricted

Federal Justice Statistics Program: Offenders in Prison at Year-End, 2013 (ICPSR 36330)

Released/updated on: 2016-02-22
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2012-10-01--2013-09-30
The data contain records of sentenced offenders in the custody of the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) at year-end of fiscal year 2013. The data include commitments of United States District Court, violators of conditions of release (e.g., parole, probation, or supervised release violators), offenders convicted in other courts (e.g., military or District of Columbia courts), and persons admitted to prison as material witnesses or for purposes of treatment, examination, or transfer to another authority. These data include variables that describe the offender, such as age, race, citizenship, as well as variables that describe the sentences and expected prison terms. The data file contains original variables from the Bureau of Prisons' SENTRY database, as well as "SAF" variables that denote subsets of the data. These SAF variables are related to statistics reported in the Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics, Tables 7.9-7.16. Variables containing identifying information (e.g., name, Social Security Number) were replaced with blanks, and the day portions of date fields were also sanitized in order to protect the identities of individuals. These data are part of a series designed by Abt and the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data and documentation were prepared by Abt.
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Federal Justice Statistics Program: Offenders in Prison at Year-End, 2014 (ICPSR 36708)

Released/updated on: 2017-03-22
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2013-10-01--2014-09-30
The data contain records of sentenced offenders in the custody of the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) at year-end of fiscal year 2014. The data include commitments of United States District Court, violators of conditions of release (e.g., parole, probation, or supervised release violators), offenders convicted in other courts (e.g., military or District of Columbia courts), and persons admitted to prison as material witnesses or for purposes of treatment, examination, or transfer to another authority. These data include variables that describe the offender, such as age, race, citizenship, as well as variables that describe the sentences and expected prison terms. The data file contains original variables from the Bureau of Prisons' SENTRY database, as well as "SAF" variables that denote subsets of the data. These SAF variables are related to statistics reported in the Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics, Tables 7.9-7.16. Variables containing identifying information (e.g., name, Social Security Number) were replaced with blanks, and the day portions of date fields were also sanitized in order to protect the identities of individuals. These data are part of a series designed by Abt and the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data and documentation were prepared by Abt.