Showing 1 – 45 of 45 results.
Curated
Annual Parole Survey, 1994 (ICPSR 29662)
Released/updated on: 2012-09-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1994-01-01--1994-12-31
The 1994 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 1994, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, and supervision status. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.
Curated
Annual Parole Survey, 1995 (ICPSR 29663)
Released/updated on: 2012-09-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1995-01-01--1995-12-31
The 1995 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 1995, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, and supervision status. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.
Curated
Annual Parole Survey, 1996 (ICPSR 29664)
Released/updated on: 2012-09-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1996-01-01--1996-12-31
The 1996 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 1996, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, and supervision status. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.
Curated
Annual Parole Survey, 1997 (ICPSR 29665)
Released/updated on: 2012-09-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1997-01-01--1997-12-31
The 1997 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 1997, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, and supervision status. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.
Curated
Annual Parole Survey, 1998 (ICPSR 29666)
Released/updated on: 2012-09-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1998-01-01--1998-12-31
The 1998 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 1998, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and cause of death. This survey covers all 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.
Curated
Annual Parole Survey, 1999 (ICPSR 29667)
Released/updated on: 2012-09-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1999-01-01--1999-12-31
The 1999 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 1999, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and cause of death. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2000 (ICPSR 31325)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-07
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2000-01-01--2000-12-31
The 2000 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2000, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and cause of death. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2001 (ICPSR 31326)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-08
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2001-01-01--2001-12-31
The 2001 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2001, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, and supervision status. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2002 (ICPSR 31327)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-10
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2002-01-01--2002-12-31
The 2002 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2002, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2003 (ICPSR 31328)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-10
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2003-01-01--2003-12-31
The 2003 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2003, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2004 (ICPSR 31329)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2004-01-01--2004-12-31
The 2004 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2004, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2005 (ICPSR 31330)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-15
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2005-01-01--2005-12-31
The 2005 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2005, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2006 (ICPSR 31331)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2006-01-01--2006-12-31
The 2006 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2006, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2007 (ICPSR 31332)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-24
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2007-01-01--2007-12-31
The 2007 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2007, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2008 (ICPSR 34380)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-31
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2008-01-01--2008-12-31
The 2008 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2008, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2009 (ICPSR 34381)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2009-01-01--2009-12-31
The 2009 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2009, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2010 (ICPSR 34382)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-31
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2010-01-01--2010-12-31
The 2010 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2010, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2011 (ICPSR 34718)
Released/updated on: 2013-10-28
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2011-01-01--2011-12-31
The 2011 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2011, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2012 (ICPSR 35257)
Released/updated on: 2014-10-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2012-01-01--2012-12-31
The 2012 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2012, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2013 (ICPSR 35629)
Released/updated on: 2014-12-19
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2013-01-01--2013-12-31
The 2013 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2013, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2014 (ICPSR 36320)
Released/updated on: 2015-12-02
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2014-01-01--2014-12-31
The 2014 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2014, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2015 (ICPSR 36619)
Released/updated on: 2016-12-22
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2015-01-01--2015-12-31
The 2015 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2015, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2016 (ICPSR 37441)
Released/updated on: 2020-04-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2016-01-01--2016-12-31
The 2016 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2016, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2017 (ICPSR 37471)
Released/updated on: 2021-09-09
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2017-01-01--2017-12-31
The 2017 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2017, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2018 (ICPSR 38058)
Released/updated on: 2021-10-28
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2018-01-01--2018-12-31
The 2018 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2018, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Restricted
Assessing the Influence of Home Visit Themes and Temporal Ordering On High-Risk Parolee Outcomes, Georgia, 2011-2015 (ICPSR 36517)
Released/updated on: 2018-01-08
Geographic coverage: United States, Georgia
Time period: 2011-01-01--2013-12-31, 2014-09-01--2015-01-31
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
This project explored the intensity of supervision conditions on parole failures by considering the role of home visits in five major events: general violations, drug test failures, technical violation arrests, new felony arrests, and revocations. Longitudinal data from the State of Georgia were pooled to examine 28,284 parolees who completed supervision in 2011 - 2013.
Qualitative data analyzing case notes on home visits obtained from an offender case management system on high risk parolees who entered supervision between 2008, 2010 and 2012 and exited between 2011 through 2013 are not archived with ICPSR.
The study collection includes 2 SPSS data files: Historical_Agency_Dataset.sav (n=28,284; 39 variables) and Observational_Dataset.sav (n=383; 122 variables).
Curated
Continuity and Change in Criminal Offending by California Youth Authority Parolees Released 1965-1984 (ICPSR 3136)
Released/updated on: 2005-11-04
Geographic coverage: United States, California
Time period: 1965-01-01--1991-12-31
This research project used longitudinal data on 524 serious male juvenile offenders released from California Youth Authority (CYA) institutions from 1965-1984 to examine the relationship between changes in local life circumstances (marriage, employment, drug use, alcohol use, street time) and criminal offending. In particular, the project extended previous research on criminal careers by developing and applying an empirical model that accounted for the joint distribution of violent and nonviolent criminal offending by parolees in their late teens to mid-20s, during a newly recognized developmental period of the life course termed "emerging adulthood." The individuals were released from the CYA at various ages from the late teens to early 20s, but were all followed for a seven-year post-parole period. For each individual, the researchers obtained information on counts of criminal arrests as well as information on exposure time. Violent arrests included murder, rape, aggravated assault, robbery, and other person offenses such as extortion and kidnapping. Nonviolent arrests included burglary, receiving stolen property, grand theft, forgery, and grand theft auto. Within each year, individuals were coded as "free" for the number of months that they were not serving time in jail, prison, or CYA detention. Involvement of the following life circumstances was recorded: (1) alcohol use, (2) heroin use, (3) full-time employment, and (4) marriage. A "month-score" indicating how many months the parolee was employed full-time during the course of each of the seven years of observation was also recorded. Offenders were assumed to have maintained the same status unless a change was noted in the California Department of Corrections files. In addition, the researchers developed an index to gauge an offender's stake in conformity by combining the life circumstances of marriage and full-time employment. Variables in the data include year of follow-up, race, age during that year of follow-up, number of months not serving time, stake in conformity index score, and number of arrests for violent offenses, nonviolent offenses, and total offenses. Dummy variables are provided on alcohol use, heroin use, use of mind-altering drugs, use of uppers/downers, dependence on alcohol or heroin, marital status, common-law marriage, and employment.
Curated
Cross-Validation of the Iowa Offender Risk Assessment Model in Michigan, 1980-1982 (ICPSR 9236)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States, Michigan
Time period: 1980-01-01--1982-12-31
These data were collected in an attempt to cross-validate the 1984 and 1985 versions of the Iowa model for assessing risk of offending while on parole by applying the model to a Michigan sample of male parolees over a follow-up period of two and one-half years. Different measures of predictors such as prior criminal history, current offense, substance abuse history, age, and recidivism on parole are available. The first file contains information on parolees such as demographic characteristics, drug use history, prior criminal history, risk scores, and parole history. The second file includes parolees' detailed criminal histories including the total number of violent and nonviolent felony arrests and dates, and charges and dispositions of each arrest with a maximum of eight arrests.
Curated
Restricted
Data-Driven Supervision Protocols for Positive Parole Outcomes in Georgia, 2007-2008 (ICPSR 26441)
Released/updated on: 2010-04-08
Geographic coverage: United States, Georgia
Time period: 2007-03-01--2008-12-31
The goal of this study was to identify and evaluate case management and supervision strategies most effective in achieving successful parole outcomes. As part of an evaluation of 3 new supervision practice protocols on a cohort of parolees, a total of 1,964 parolees who began supervision in Georgia between March 1, 2007, and December 31, 2007, were assigned to experimental and control groups. Parolees in the experimental group were subjected to the new practice protocols: positive drug test resulting in a referral to treatment, job loss followed by referral to an employment program and increased contact, and chronic technical violations responded to with an administrative hearing and enrollment in a cognitive skills program. In the control sites, the parole officer's response to a parolee's violation or success was still defined by the Board's Behavior Response and Adjustment Guide (BRAG). Each parolee was tracked for a 12-month follow-up period. The research team collected data on the parolees using two Georgia Department of Corrections and Board of Pardons and Paroles agency databases: the Offender Tracking Information System (OTIS) and the Parole Field Log of Interaction Data (FLOID) database. Outcomes during a 12-month follow-up period were defined as employment, general violations of the conditions of supervision, positive drug tests, arrests for technical violations, misdemeanor and felony arrests, and revocation of parole. The dataset includes a total of 218 variables including supervision protocol variables, demographic and other parolee characteristics variables, offense and parole supervision variables, drug test results, employment activity, as well as arrests, violations, sanctions, programs, and referrals information.
Curated
Restricted
Evaluating Medicaid Access for Halfway House Residents: A Research Partnership with the Connecticut Department of Correction, 2013-2017 (ICPSR 37580)
Released/updated on: 2023-03-16
Geographic coverage: United States, Connecticut
Time period: 2013-01-01--2015-12-31, 2016-01-01--2017-12-31
The goals of this study were to examine how providing Medicaid coverage for halfway house residents may affect care seeking, improve health care usage, and decrease criminal recidivism relative to providing health care through prison or jail medical facilities. To achieve these goals, we developed a researcher-practitioner partnership with the Connecticut Department of Correction (DOC) to implement a mixed-methods research design.
Qualitative data collection included focus groups with halfway house residents; interviews with halfway house staff, correctional health providers, correctional officers, and state-level DOC officials; and site observations of DOC medical facilities. Quantitative data collection included collection of administrative and recidivism data from DOC, coding of study participants' DOC medical charts to measure their baseline health status and health care usage in prison or jail, and collection of Medicaid enrollment and claims data from Connecticut's Department of Social Services (DSS) to measure Medicaid enrollment and health care usage in the community.
Curated
Restricted
Evaluating the Impact of Probation and Parole Home Visits, United States, 2016 and 2018 (ICPSR 37172)
Released/updated on: 2020-09-29
Geographic coverage: United States, Ohio, Minnesota
Time period: 2016-01-01--2016-12-31, 2018-01-01--2018-12-31
In 2014, the researchers began work on a grant from the National Institute of Justice to evaluate the effectiveness of home and field contacts in community supervision. The study was designed to describe the varying practices of home and other field contacts in community supervision, to document their use nationwide, and to evaluate their effectiveness in maintaining public safety and promoting compliance with supervision requirements. The research is designed to address the gap in the understanding of home and field contacts as part of community supervision.
While home and field contacts with clients are common practice within many probation and parole agencies, little is known about how they are conducted, the goals of their use, and whether they impact client outcomes. Researchers conducted a mixed methods study of home and field contact practices within multiple agencies. A nationwide survey of community supervision agencies at the federal, state, and local levels was conducted to understand common policies and practices for home and field contacts. To analyze the effectiveness of home and field contacts, quasi-experimental designs were employed using administrative data. To understand the activities that make up home and field contacts and the goals behind them within each agency, officers were asked to complete a qualitative home and field contact checklist and participate in focus groups.
Curated
Restricted
Evaluation of a Global Positioning System for Monitoring High-Risk Gang Offenders in California, 2006-2009 (ICPSR 34926)
Released/updated on: 2016-09-26
Geographic coverage: United States, California
Time period: 2006-03-01--2009-10-31
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they there received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except of the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompany readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collections and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
The purpose of this evaluation was to determine the effectiveness of the global positioning system (GPS) monitoring of high-risk gang offenders (HRGOs) who are placed on parole. The study focuses on HGROs who were released from prison and placed on parole supervision with GPS monitoring in six California jurisdictions between March 2006 and October 2009. A propensity score procedure was performed using a sample of offenders drawn from the same six communities who were not placed on GPS monitoring. The matching procedure resulted in a final sample of 784 subjects (392 treatment and 392 control). The study used six primary sources to collect data: 1)the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) data management system, 2) official arrest records, 3) parole supervision records, 4) GPS monitoring data, 5) a CDCR parole agent (PA) survey, and 6) CDCR cost information.
Curated
Restricted
Evaluation of Pennsylvania's Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Program for Drug-Involved Parole Violators, 1998 (ICPSR 3075)
Released/updated on: 2006-03-30
Geographic coverage: United States, Pennsylvania
Time period: 1998-01-01--1998-12-31
This study was a process evaluation of Pennsylvania's two Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) programs in their first year of implementation. These programs were maintained through the joint management of the state Department of Corrections (DOC), Board of Probation and Parole, Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency, and two private sector providers that operated the programs. Opened in early 1998 in two correctional facilities for men, each of these programs could serve up to 60 male technical parole violators (TPVs) with a history of substance abuse. Instead of the nine- to 36-month terms typical for parolees recommitted for violations, RSAT participants served six months in prison-based intensive therapeutic communities (TCs), followed by six months of aftercare in a DOC-sponsored Community Corrections Center (CCC), similar to a halfway house. Both programs took a cognitive-behavioral approach to drug treatment. This study focused on the prison-based component of the RSAT programs. It examined the extent to which components of RSAT treatment were in place and the integrity of program operations. Interviews for this study were conducted between February and December 1998. At intake, program staff interviewed RSAT participants (Part 1, Intake Data), and Vera Institute of Justice onsite researchers conducted participant interviews upon exit (Part 2, Exit Data). Through December 31, 1998, 160 intake interviews and 77 exit interviews with program graduates were administered.
Curated
Restricted
Evaluation of the Community Supervision Mapping System for Released Prisoners in Rhode Island, 2008-2010 (ICPSR 32004)
Released/updated on: 2014-09-30
Geographic coverage: Rhode Island, United States
Time period: 2008-01-01--2010-12-31
This study evaluated the Community Supervision Mapping System (CSMS), an online geospatial tool that enables users to map the formerly incarcerated and others on probation, along with related data such as service provider locations and police districts. Probation officers in the state of Rhode Island were surveyed a few weeks before and 18 months after the implementation of CSMS. A total of 56 probation officers participated in the first wave of the study (pre-implementation survey), and 52 probation officers participated in the second wave (post-implementation survey), yielding an overall sample size of 108 probation officers. Dataset 1 contains the data for both waves of the study. The dataset is comprised of 140 variables. Both waves of the study examined the following categories of variables: the probation officer's professional background, contact with clients, amount of time spent on job duties specific to the profession, contact with other agencies, and computer usage. The second wave added 86 variables to explore officers' experiences with CSMS, which features they used, how it impacted their work, and their expected use of CSMS in the future.
Curated
Restricted
Examination of Actuarial Offender-Based Prediction Assessments in Texas, 1993-1996 (ICPSR 20403)
Released/updated on: 2008-06-23
Geographic coverage: United States, Texas
Time period: 1993-01-01--1996-12-31
The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive assessment of the usefulness and effectiveness of prediction and classification of offenders under community supervision. A felony cohort data collection instrument was developed to test the validity of the Wisconsin Risk and Need Instrument in use in Texas, as well as to develop "better" predictor variables for a variety of dependent variables. Using the felony cohort data instrument, the Texas Department of Criminal Justice Community Justice Assistance Division (TDCJ-CJAD) collected detailed statewide information on 3,405 felony offenders placed on probation in Texas during October 1993. Specifically, the form was completed by a probation officer on all felony probation intakes at the time the initial case classification risk/needs assessment was conducted. Additionally, follow-up forms were developed and administered to track the offenders' progress at one year, two years, and three years. Variables include probationer information, current offense, criminal history, social history, substance abuse, probation sanctions, case classification risk items, and case classification need items. Additional variables include felony cohort one-year follow-up data form questions, felony cohort second-year follow-up data form questions, and felony cohort third-year follow-up data form questions.
Curated
Restricted
Experimental Comparison of Telepsychiatry and Conventional Psychiatry for Mentally Ill Parolees in California, 2011-2015 (ICPSR 36111)
Released/updated on: 2017-12-19
Time period: 2011-01-01--2015-12-31
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
The main goal of the study was to empirically measure the effectiveness of Telepsychiatry for mentally ill parolees.Parolees enrolled in the study were assigned to either face-to-face sessions with their psychiatrists for the duration of their treatment or telepsychiatry sessions with their psychiatrist, in which the parolees interacted with their assigned psychiatrist via a web-based screen interface. Administrative records data on recidivism was collected for everyone who consented to be randomized in this study.
Curated
Frequency of Arrest of the Young, Chronic, Serious Offender Using Two Male Cohorts Paroled by the California Youth Authority, 1981-1982 and 1986-1987 (ICPSR 2588)
Released/updated on: 2005-11-04
Geographic coverage: United States, California
This study investigated the ways in which active offenders and their behavior patterns are related to individual characteristics. Data were collected to explore topics such as the nature of individual offending behavior, including offense mix and specialization, the frequency of offending, and the characterization of offender types. To address these issues, the post-release arrest patterns of two cohorts of male youths paroled by the California Youth Authority in 1981-1982 and 1986-1987 were examined. The project focused on modeling the frequency of recidivism and the correlates of arrest frequency. The frequency of arrest was measured during two periods: the first year following release and years two and three following release. Criminal justice variables in this collection provide information on county-level crime and clearance rates for violent and property crimes known to the police. Measures of parolees' criminal history include length of incarceration prior to current commitment, frequency of arrest, age at first arrest, and calculated criminal history scores. Personal and family characteristics include previous violent behavior, alcohol and drug abuse, family violence, neglect or abuse, degree of parental supervision, parental criminality, education, and school disciplinary problems. Demographic variables include age and race of the subjects.
Curated
Intra- and Intergenerational Aspects of Serious Domestic Violence and Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Buffalo, 1987 (ICPSR 9984)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: United States, New York (state), Buffalo
Time period: 1987-01-01--1987-12-31
These data examine the interrelationships among alcohol use, drug use, criminal violence, and domestic violence in a parolee population. More specifically, the data explore the contributions of parental substance abuse and domestic violence in prediction of parolee violence. The study also investigates the effects of drug and alcohol use on domestic violence for the parolee, the spouse, and the parents. The data were drawn from individual interviews conducted with parolees from the Buffalo, New York, area, half of whom were convicted of violent crimes and half of whom were convicted of nonviolent crimes. Interviews were also conducted with the spouses and partners of the parolees. In addition, data concerning the parolees' criminal histories were abstracted from arrest and parole records. Part 1, Demographic File 1, provides information on the demographic characteristics of offenders, arrests, convictions, and sentencing, institutional transfers, disciplinary reports, indications of psychiatric diagnosis or psychological disturbances, alcohol and drug use, criminal activity, and substance abuse while incarcerated. Part 2, Demographic File 2, includes the same variables as Part 1 (with the exception of information about psychiatric diagnoses, psychological disturbances, and disciplinary reports) for those individuals who declined to be interviewed and a random sample of those who could not be contacted. Part 3, the Interview File, contains information about childhood social histories (including sociodemographics, experience of family violence as a victim and as a witness, and parental drug and alcohol use), self-reported criminal histories, adult social histories (including data concerning violence in current relationships, and drug and alcohol use history), and information about the parolees' and spouses' discipline styles. The researchers discarded data on female parolees for the purposes of their analysis.
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Michigan Study of Life After Prison, Administrative Data on 2003 Cohort of Michigan Parolees (ICPSR 32681)
Released/updated on: 2019-03-28
Geographic coverage: United States, Michigan
Time period: 2003-01-01--2003-12-31
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
The Michigan Study of Life After Prison examined the association between neighborhood context and outcomes related to employment and recidivism among the cohort of former prisoners released on parole from Michigan state prisons in one calendar year (2003), controlling for pre-incarceration neighborhood context, local labor market conditions, and a large set of individual characteristics. The primary goals of this study were to answer two questions: (1) "Are ex-offenders who are released to more disadvantaged neighborhoods (those with greater poverty, unemployment, residential turnover, etc.) more likely to recidivate?" (2) "Are ex-offenders who are released to more disadvantaged neighborhoods less likely to gain stable employment?" This research sought to supplement available literature on prisoner reentry and criminal desistance, which the researchers posit existing literature has largely ignored the role that neighborhoods play in shaping the recidivism and employment of returning prisoners.
The 31 data files included as part of this collection are as follows:
Cleaned Data Files:
- casenotearrestsreps1-4_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 4,932 Cases, 12 Variables
- casenotearrestsreps5-8_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 5,302 Cases, 13 Variables
- casenotearrestsrep9_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 2,321 Cases, 13 Variables
- casenoteemploymentreps1-4_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 4,871 Cases, 28 Variables
- casenoteemploymentreps5-8_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 4,754 Cases, 23 Variables
- casenoteemploymentrep9_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 2,610 Cases, 23 Variables
- cleanedcasenoteaddressesreps1-8_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 50,207 Cases, 72 Variables
- cleanedcasenoteaddressesrep9_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 10,309 Cases, 69 Variables
- preprisonaddress_all_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 5,183 Cases, 30 Variables
- preprisonaddress_all_rep9_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 1,017 Cases, 63 Variables
- postprisads_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 11,064 Cases, 41 Variables
- cleaned-demographics-population_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 11,064 Cases, 57 Variables
- simplecrimhistory.dta: 11,064 Cases, 4 Variables
- popSAhistory.dta: 11,064 Cases, 8 Variables
- deathdates_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 308 Cases, 3 Variables
- popprisonenterdates.dta: 11,064 Cases, 7 Variables
- discharge dates.dta: 7,369 Cases, 5 Variables
- parole and release dates for pop.dta: 11,064 cases, 3 Variables
- mdoc_recidivism_measures.dta: 11,064 Cases, 6 Variables
- recidivism dates from transits.dta: 11,064 Cases, 8 Variables
- recidivism from bir.dta: 11,064 Cases, 3 Variables
- sample marker.dta: 3,689 Cases, 2 Variables
- samplereps.dta: 3,689 Cases, 2 Variables
- tta_rsid_rep.dta: 1,363 Cases, 2 Variables
Contextual Data Files:
Demographic variables included: gender, race, educational attainment, age, employment, and marital status.
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Monitoring High-Risk Sex Offenders with GPS Technology in California, 2006-2009 (ICPSR 34221)
Released/updated on: 2016-02-05
Geographic coverage: United States, California
Time period: 2006-01-01--2010-03-31
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped for NACJD release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
The purpose of the evaluation was to determine the effectiveness of global positioning system (GPS) monitoring of high-risk sex offenders (HRSOs) who were placed on parole in California between 2006 and 2009. This study integrates both outcome and process evaluation components to assess the impact of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) GPS supervision program by employing a nonequivalent-group quasi-experimental design with a multilevel survival model. The outcome of interest was recidivism. A propensity score matching procedure was used to account for the differences between the treatment and comparison groups. Parolee data were collected from six sources: the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) data management system, official arrest records, parole supervision records, GPS monitoring data, CDCR cost information, and a CDCR parole agent survey. The final sample included 516 parolees equally divided between the treatment and control groups and 153 GPS parole agents with HRSO caseloads.
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Multilevel and Policy-Focused Analysis of Parole Violations and Revocations in California, 2003-2004 (ICPSR 27161)
Released/updated on: 2010-03-30
Geographic coverage: United States, California
Time period: 2003-01-01--2004-12-31
The purpose of the study was to facilitate an understanding of the sanctioning of parolees in California. The central databases used in the study were the Offender Based Information System (OBIS), the Revocation Scheduling and Tracking System (RSTS), and the Statewide Parolee Database (SPDB). These three central databases provided information for the outcome variables of the study as well as information about parolees' personal characteristics, aspects of their supervision, and criminal histories. For the Parole Violations Data (Part 1), these data were combined with data extracted from several California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) data systems and connected to other pieces of data using administrative and geographic identifiers to construct measures of parole agent and community characteristics. Parole agent and parole policy measures were drawn from the California State Personnel Board Parole Agent Database (PACD) and California parole policies. Measures of community conditions were drawn from the 2000 United States Census, the United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the California Secretary of State, and the Religious Congregations and Membership Study, 2000. A total of 13,070 parolees were observed for a maximum of 106 weeks during 2003-2004, yielding a total of 1,376,820 parolee-week observations for Part 1. The Parole Revocations Data (Part 2) include every parole violation case that went through a county court or a parole board hearing in 2003 and 2004 -- a total of 151,586 cases. Individual, organizational, and community-level data were merged into the Part 2 dataset using administrative and geographic identifiers. Information about each parolee was extracted from several CDCR data systems. Similar to Part 1, the central databases used in Part 2 of the study were the OBIS and the RSTS. Organizational measures were drawn from CDCR Annual Population Reports, California Corrections Standards Authority Jail Profile Surveys, and Judicial Council of California Court Statistics Reports. Measures of community conditions were drawn from the 2000 United States Census, the SAMHSA, and the California Secretary of State. The Parole Violations Data (Part 1) contain a total of 50 variables including past and present offense history variables, parolee characteristics, supervision characteristics, and community environment variables. The Parole Revocations Data (Part 2) contain a total of 42 variables including case characteristics, individual characteristics, organizational factors, and community factors.
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Problem Solving Approaches to Issues of Inmate Reentry in Indianapolis, Indiana, 2000-2003 (ICPSR 30281)
Released/updated on: 2012-10-08
Geographic coverage: Indiana, United States, Indianapolis
Time period: 2000-01-01--2003-12-31
This study involved an evaluation of the reentry component of the Indianapolis Violence Reduction Partnership (IVRP). The IVRP included a problem solving approach to the issue of inmate reentry. On the basis of a problem analysis, the IVRP officials decided to implement a pilot project that involved having recently released inmates attend a neighborhood-based group meeting convened by criminal justice officials and including community representatives and service providers. The meetings were based on the notion of combining deterrence and social support (linkage to services). The pilot project was evaluated using a quasi-experimental design. The treatment group consisted of 82 former inmates who attended one of five meetings. The comparison group consisted of 103 former inmates released at the same time period as the treatment group but in a different neighborhood. Reentry lever-pulling meeting participants and comparison group members were tracked for a period of up to 24 months to determine whether they had been re-arrested during the study period.
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Research and Evaluation in Justice Systems, Multi Jurisdiction Research on Automated Reporting Systems: Kiosk Supervision, 2012-2015 [United States] (ICPSR 36311)
Released/updated on: 2017-12-20
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2012-01-01--2015-12-31
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
The Multi-jurisdiction Research on Kiosk Supervision examined the prevalence of kiosk reporting, implementation experience of agencies using it, and outcomes and costs associated with its use. A telephone screener survey of 492 community supervision agencies nationally in 2012 identified 21 agencies currently using kiosk reporting, agencies that formerly used it, and those that considered but decided against using kiosk reporting. Telephone interviews with 30 agencies and site visits with five agencies measured the benefits and limitations of kiosk reporting and the issues for adopting and implementing kiosk reporting systems. This information served as the basis for a guidebook on kiosk reporting developed for community supervision agencies.
Two outcome studies assessed the effectiveness of kiosk reporting for low-risk clients on public safety outcomes, relative to traditional face-to-face officer reporting and another electronic reporting approach. These studies analyzed administrative data from two large community supervision agencies, which used separate quasi-experimental designs for each site. At one of the sites, two separate designs and datasets were used to compare kiosk reporting and traditional face-to-face officer reporting on outcomes over a 6-month period. At the other site, clients assigned to kiosk supervision were compared to clients assigned to telephone reporting with interactive voice response (IVR) over a 6-month period.
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Strategies for Retaining Offenders in Mandatory Drug Treatment Programs in Kings County, New York, 1994-1995 (ICPSR 2749)
Released/updated on: 2006-03-30
Geographic coverage: United States, New York (state)
Time period: 1994-01-01--1995-12-31
This study examined the relationship between legal pressure and drug treatment retention by assessing perceptions of legal pressure held by two groups of legally-mandated treatment clients: (1) participants of the Drug Treatment Alternative to Prison (DTAP) program operated by the Kings County (Brooklyn) District Attorney in New York City, and (2) a matched group of probationers, parolees, Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime (TASC) participants, and other court-mandated offenders attending the same community-based treatment programs used by DTAP. The Brooklyn DTAP was selected for study because of the program's uniquely coercive program components, including the threat of a mandatory prison term for noncompliance. The goals of this project were (1) to test whether DTAP participants would show significantly higher retention rates when compared to a matched sample of other legally-mandated treatment clients, and (2) to assess the role of perceived legal pressure in predicting retention for both of these groups. Data were collected from program participants through interviews conducted at admission to treatment and follow-up interviews conducted about eight weeks later. Intake interviews were conducted, on average, one week after the client's admission to treatment. The one-to-one interviews, which lasted up to two hours, were administered by trained researchers in a private location at the treatment site. The intake interview battery included a mixture of standardized measures and those developed by the Vera Institute of Justice. Data in Part 1 were collected with the Addiction Severity Index and include age, sex, race, religion, and education. Additional variables cover medical problems, employment history, detailed substance abuse and treatment history, number of times arrested for various crimes, history of incarceration, family's substance abuse and criminal histories, relationships with family and friends, psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, and suicide, current living arrangements, and sources of income. Part 2, Supplemental Background and Retention Data, contains treatment entry date, number of days in treatment, age at treatment entry, termination date, treatment condition, arrest date, detention at arrest, date released on probation/parole, violation of probation/parole arrest date and location, problem drug, prior drug treatment, as well as age, gender, race, education, and marital status. Part 3, Division of Criminal Justice Services Data, includes data on the number of arrests before and after program entry, and number of total misdemeanor and felony arrests, convictions, and sentences. Part 4, Chemical Use, Abuse, and Dependence Data, contains information on type of substance abuse, intoxication or withdrawal at work, school, or home, effects of abuse on social, occupational, or recreational activities, and effects of abuse on relationships, health, emotions, and employment. Parts 5 and 6 contain psychiatric data gathered from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and Beck's Depression Inventory, respectively. Part 7 variables from the Circumstances, Motivation, Readiness, and Suitability scale include family's attitude toward treatment, subject's need for treatment, subject's desire to change life, and legal consequences if subject did not participate in treatment. Part 8, Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness scale, contains data on how the subject viewed the drug problem, desire to change, and history of dealing with substance abuse. Part 9, Motivational/Program Supplement Data, includes variables on the subject's need for treatment, attitudes toward treatment sessions, the family's reaction to treatment, and a likelihood of completion rating. Part 10, Perceived Legal Coercion Data, gathered information on who referred the subject to the treatment program, who was keeping track of attendance, whether someone explained the rules of participation in the program and the consequences if the subject failed the program, whether the rules and consequences were put in writing, who monitored program participants, the likelihood of using drugs while in treatment, the likelihood of leaving the program before completion, whether the subject understood the legal consequences of failing the program, the type and frequency of reports and contacts with the criminal justice system, and the subject's reaction to various penalties for not completing the program. Part 11 contains data from the Community Oriented Programs Environment Scale (COPES). Part 12, Treatment Services Review Data, includes data on the number of times the subject received medical attention, days in school, days employed, days intoxicated, days in substance abuse treatment, days tested for drugs, number of contacts with the criminal justice system, days treated for psychological problems, and time spent at recreational activities. Additional variables include the number of individual and group treatment sessions spent discussing medical problems, education and employment, substance abuse, legal problems, and psychological and emotional problems.
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Transitional Aid Research Project (TARP), 1976-1977 (ICPSR 7874)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States, Texas, Georgia
Time period: 1976-01-01--1977-12-31
The Transitional Aid Research Project (TARP) was a randomized field experiment conducted in Texas and Georgia in 1976-1977 that was designed to reduce recidivism among ex-prisoners by lowering incentives for re-engaging in property crime through provision of minimal levels of income support and extension of some unemployment insurance coverage to released prisoners. This study evolved out of an earlier LIFE (Living Insurance for Ex-Prisoners) study conducted in Baltimore, Maryland in the early 1970s. In the LIFE study, 500 prisoners with a high probability of re-arrest were randomly assigned at release from prison to experimental and control groups which varied by the amount of money received (contingent upon employment or unemployment and job placement services provided). The results showed that ex-prisoners receiving payments were less likely to be re-arrested for property theft-related crimes than those who received only job placement or no services or payments of any kind. The United States Department of Labor commissioned the TARP experiment, designed to replicate the LIFE experiment while providing a larger and more representative sample of prisoners, greater variation in treatment conditions, and administration of payments and job placement services through existing agencies rather than by a special purpose project staff. Texas and Georgia were the states chosen for the experiment, and stratified random samples of inmates were assigned, at the time of release from prison, to experimental and control groups. The groups varied in the amount of money and job placement services they received upon their release. Originally, the data were recorded in nine files for each state corresponding to each of the nine different sources of information for each TARP case. The ICPSR data collection combines these into one file for each state: Part 1 for Texas, and Part 2 for Georgia. Each file contains over 1,500 variables, clustered in nine topic areas for each inmate: (1) prison history (e.g., background information, psychological and aptitude test data, and prior criminal and present incarceration activity), (2-5) data from four personal interviews (conducted at the prerelease, three-month, six-month, and 12-month stages and that include living arrangements, employment history, and financial status), (6) state arrest data, (7) records of TARP payments received, (8) social security wages, and (9) parole records.