Showing 1 – 50 of 117 results.
Curated
Partially restricted
Access to Transportation and Outcomes for Women on Probation and Parole, Michigan, 2011-2013 (ICPSR 36986)
Released/updated on: 2025-05-29
Geographic coverage: United States, Michigan
Time period: 2013-10-01--2013-11-30
This study focused on transportation deprivation in women offenders. For the purpose of exploring transportation disadvantage for women on community supervision, interviews were conducted with 75 women on probation or parole. These interviews focused on women's struggles with transportation and featured questions regarding whether they have driving licenses, have social support, are stressed or unsafe when they travel, and whether transportation problems have impacted supervision violations or recidivism events.
The interviews were used to explore the following themes:
- Women's insights and experiences about getting from place to place while under supervision
- Their strategies for increasing transportation resources and access
- The connections of transportation access to attending required/needed programming and supervision appointments
- Whether any violations or new offenses resulted from inadequate transportation access
Curated
Annual Parole Survey, 1994 (ICPSR 29662)
Released/updated on: 2012-09-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1994-01-01--1994-12-31
The 1994 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 1994, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, and supervision status. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.
Curated
Annual Parole Survey, 1995 (ICPSR 29663)
Released/updated on: 2012-09-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1995-01-01--1995-12-31
The 1995 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 1995, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, and supervision status. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.
Curated
Annual Parole Survey, 1996 (ICPSR 29664)
Released/updated on: 2012-09-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1996-01-01--1996-12-31
The 1996 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 1996, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, and supervision status. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.
Curated
Annual Parole Survey, 1997 (ICPSR 29665)
Released/updated on: 2012-09-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1997-01-01--1997-12-31
The 1997 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 1997, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, and supervision status. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.
Curated
Annual Parole Survey, 1998 (ICPSR 29666)
Released/updated on: 2012-09-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1998-01-01--1998-12-31
The 1998 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 1998, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and cause of death. This survey covers all 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the federal system.
Curated
Annual Parole Survey, 1999 (ICPSR 29667)
Released/updated on: 2012-09-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1999-01-01--1999-12-31
The 1999 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 1999, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and cause of death. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2000 (ICPSR 31325)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-07
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2000-01-01--2000-12-31
The 2000 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2000, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and cause of death. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2001 (ICPSR 31326)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-08
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2001-01-01--2001-12-31
The 2001 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2001, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, and supervision status. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2002 (ICPSR 31327)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-10
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2002-01-01--2002-12-31
The 2002 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2002, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2003 (ICPSR 31328)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-10
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2003-01-01--2003-12-31
The 2003 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2003, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2004 (ICPSR 31329)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2004-01-01--2004-12-31
The 2004 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2004, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2005 (ICPSR 31330)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-15
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2005-01-01--2005-12-31
The 2005 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2005, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2006 (ICPSR 31331)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2006-01-01--2006-12-31
The 2006 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2006, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2007 (ICPSR 31332)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-24
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2007-01-01--2007-12-31
The 2007 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2007, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2008 (ICPSR 34380)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-31
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2008-01-01--2008-12-31
The 2008 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2008, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2009 (ICPSR 34381)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2009-01-01--2009-12-31
The 2009 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2009, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2010 (ICPSR 34382)
Released/updated on: 2013-05-31
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2010-01-01--2010-12-31
The 2010 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2010, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2011 (ICPSR 34718)
Released/updated on: 2013-10-28
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2011-01-01--2011-12-31
The 2011 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2011, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2012 (ICPSR 35257)
Released/updated on: 2014-10-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2012-01-01--2012-12-31
The 2012 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2012, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2013 (ICPSR 35629)
Released/updated on: 2014-12-19
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2013-01-01--2013-12-31
The 2013 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2013, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2014 (ICPSR 36320)
Released/updated on: 2015-12-02
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2014-01-01--2014-12-31
The 2014 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2014, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2015 (ICPSR 36619)
Released/updated on: 2016-12-22
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2015-01-01--2015-12-31
The 2015 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2015, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2016 (ICPSR 37441)
Released/updated on: 2020-04-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2016-01-01--2016-12-31
The 2016 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2016, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2017 (ICPSR 37471)
Released/updated on: 2021-09-09
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2017-01-01--2017-12-31
The 2017 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2017, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Annual Parole Survey, 2018 (ICPSR 38058)
Released/updated on: 2021-10-28
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2018-01-01--2018-12-31
The 2018 Annual Parole Survey provides a count of the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31, 2018, and a count of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year. The survey also provides counts of the number of parolees by certain characteristics, such as gender, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, supervision status, and type of offense. This survey covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal System.
Curated
Partially restricted
Assessing the Impact of Post-Release Community Supervision on Post-Release Recidivism and Employment, United States, 2004-2011 (ICPSR 36148)
Released/updated on: 2021-09-15
Geographic coverage: United States, Florida
Time period: 2004-01-01--2011-12-31
This study sought to examine the effect of of two separate forms of post-prison supervision on offender recidivism and employment outcomes: split supervision and conditional release supervision. In order to assess the effect of post-prison supervision on reentry outcomes for Florida inmates, this study addressed the following research questions:
- What is the impact of post-release supervision on employment and recidivism?
- Do various types of post-release supervision result in different outcomes of employment and recidivism?
- How does the length of post-release supervision impact employment and recidivism?
Curated
Partially restricted
Assessing the Influence of Home Visit Themes and Temporal Ordering On High-Risk Parolee Outcomes, Georgia, 2011-2015 (ICPSR 36517)
Released/updated on: 2018-01-08
Geographic coverage: United States, Georgia
Time period: 2011-01-01--2013-01-01, 2014-09-01--2015-01-01
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
This project explored the intensity of supervision conditions on parole failures by considering the role of home visits in five major events: general violations, drug test failures, technical violation arrests, new felony arrests, and revocations. Longitudinal data from the State of Georgia were pooled to examine 28,284 parolees who completed supervision in 2011 - 2013.
Qualitative data analyzing case notes on home visits obtained from an offender case management system on high risk parolees who entered supervision between 2008, 2010 and 2012 and exited between 2011 through 2013 are not archived with ICPSR.
The study collection includes 2 SPSS data files: Historical_Agency_Dataset.sav (n=28,284; 39 variables) and Observational_Dataset.sav (n=383; 122 variables).
Curated
Characteristics and Movement of Felons in California Prisons, 1851-1964 (ICPSR 7971)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1851-01-01--1964-01-01
Felons in the California prison system are documented in this data collection. The data are arranged by year and type of movement within the prison system, and include admissions, paroles, parole violations, suspensions or reinstatements of parole, discharges, deaths, and executions. Each record contains information on certain characteristics of the person involved, such as age at admission, race, marital status, education, military history, occupation, number of prior arrests, escape record, date and type of releases, and parole violations.
Curated
Criminal Careers, Criminal Violence, and Substance Abuse in California, 1963-1983 (ICPSR 9964)
Released/updated on: 2006-03-30
Geographic coverage: United States, California
Time period: 1963-01-01--1983-01-01
The purpose of the study was to investigate the criminal career patterns of violent offenders. These data are intended to facilitate the development of models to predict recidivism and violence, and to construct parole supervision programs. Original data were collected on young male offenders in 1964 and 1965 as they entered the California Youth Authority (CYA). At this time, data were collected on criminal history, including current offenses, drug and alcohol use, psychological and personality variables, and sentencing, and demographics such as age, education, work experience, and family structure. The data collection also contains results from a number of standardized psychological instruments: California Psychological Inventory, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, California Achievement Test Battery, General Aptitude Test Battery, Army General Classification Test, and the Revised Beta Test. After release from the CYA and over the following 20 years, subsequent arrest information was collected on the offenders, including the nature of the offense, disposition, and arrest and parole dates.
Curated
Criminal Violence and Incapacitation in California, 1962-1988 (ICPSR 9922)
Released/updated on: 2005-11-04
Geographic coverage: United States, California
Time period: 1962-01-01--1988-01-01
These data were gathered to investigate the usefulness of statistical methods, particularly multiple-regression analysis, in predicting repeat criminal activity subsequent to an individual's release from prison. The data collection consists of follow-up information, collected in 1988, on a sample of males released from California prisons. The follow-up study identified criminal activity subsequent to individuals' release from prison through 1988. Predictor variables include age, prior periods of arrest, history of drug use, seriousness of original offense, and number of arrests for nuisance, person, property, and fraud offenses.
Curated
Cross-Validation of the Iowa Offender Risk Assessment Model in Michigan, 1980-1982 (ICPSR 9236)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States, Michigan
Time period: 1980-01-01--1982-01-01
These data were collected in an attempt to cross-validate the 1984 and 1985 versions of the Iowa model for assessing risk of offending while on parole by applying the model to a Michigan sample of male parolees over a follow-up period of two and one-half years. Different measures of predictors such as prior criminal history, current offense, substance abuse history, age, and recidivism on parole are available. The first file contains information on parolees such as demographic characteristics, drug use history, prior criminal history, risk scores, and parole history. The second file includes parolees' detailed criminal histories including the total number of violent and nonviolent felony arrests and dates, and charges and dispositions of each arrest with a maximum of eight arrests.
Curated
Partially restricted
Data-Driven Supervision Protocols for Positive Parole Outcomes in Georgia, 2007-2008 (ICPSR 26441)
Released/updated on: 2010-04-08
Geographic coverage: United States, Georgia
Time period: 2007-03-01--2008-12-31
The goal of this study was to identify and evaluate case management and supervision strategies most effective in achieving successful parole outcomes. As part of an evaluation of 3 new supervision practice protocols on a cohort of parolees, a total of 1,964 parolees who began supervision in Georgia between March 1, 2007, and December 31, 2007, were assigned to experimental and control groups. Parolees in the experimental group were subjected to the new practice protocols: positive drug test resulting in a referral to treatment, job loss followed by referral to an employment program and increased contact, and chronic technical violations responded to with an administrative hearing and enrollment in a cognitive skills program. In the control sites, the parole officer's response to a parolee's violation or success was still defined by the Board's Behavior Response and Adjustment Guide (BRAG). Each parolee was tracked for a 12-month follow-up period. The research team collected data on the parolees using two Georgia Department of Corrections and Board of Pardons and Paroles agency databases: the Offender Tracking Information System (OTIS) and the Parole Field Log of Interaction Data (FLOID) database. Outcomes during a 12-month follow-up period were defined as employment, general violations of the conditions of supervision, positive drug tests, arrests for technical violations, misdemeanor and felony arrests, and revocation of parole. The dataset includes a total of 218 variables including supervision protocol variables, demographic and other parolee characteristics variables, offense and parole supervision variables, drug test results, employment activity, as well as arrests, violations, sanctions, programs, and referrals information.
Curated
Partially restricted
Effectiveness of Prisoner Reentry Services as Crime Control for Inmates Released in New York, 2000-2005 (ICPSR 27841)
Released/updated on: 2010-08-31
Geographic coverage: New York City, United States, New York (state)
Time period: 2000-01-01--2005-01-01
The Fortune Society, a private not-for-profit organization located in New York City, provides a variety of services that are intended to support former prisoners in becoming stable and productive members of society. The purpose of this evaluation was to explore the extent to which receiving supportive services at the Fortune Society improved clients' prospects for law abiding behavior. More specifically, this study examined the extent to which receipt of these services reduced recidivism and homelessness following release. The research team adopted a quasi-experimental design that compared recidivism outcomes for persons enrolled at Fortune (clients) to persons released from New York State prisons and returning to New York City and, separately, inmates released from the New York City jails, none of whom went to Fortune (non-clients). All -- clients and non-clients alike -- were released after January 1, 2000, and before November 3, 2005 (for state prisoners), and March 3, 2005 (for city jail prisoners). Information about all prisoners released during these time frames was obtained from the New York State Department of Correctional Services for state prisoners and from the New York City Department of Correction for city prisoners. The research team also obtained records from the Fortune Society for its clients and arrest and conviction information for all released prisoners from the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services' criminal history repository. These records were matched and merged, producing a 72,408 case dataset on 57,349 released state prisoners (Part 1) and a 68,614 case dataset on 64,049 city jail prisoners (Part 2). The research team obtained data from the Fortune Society for 15,685 persons formally registered as clients between 1989 and 2006 (Part 3) and data on 416,943 activities provided to clients at the Fortune Society between September 1999 and March 2006 (Part 4). Additionally, the research team obtained 97,665 records from the New York City Department of Homeless Services of all persons who sought shelter or other homeless services during the period from January 2000 to July 2006 (Part 5). Part 6 contains 96,009 cases and catalogs matches between a New York State criminal record identifier and a Fortune Society client identifier. The New York State Prisons Releases Data (Part 1) contain a total of 124 variables on released prison inmate characteristics including demographic information, criminal history variables, indicator variables, geographic variables, and service variables. The New York City Jails Releases Data (Part 2) contain a total of 92 variables on released jail inmate characteristics including demographic information, criminal history variables, indicator variables, and geographic variables. The Fortune Society Client Data (Part 3) contain 44 variables including demographic, criminal history, needs/issues, and other variables. The Fortune Society Client Activity Data (Part 4) contain seven variables including two identifiers, end date, Fortune service unit, duration in hours, activity type, and activity. The Homelessness Events Data (Part 5) contain four variables including two identifiers, change in homeless status, and date of change. The New York State Criminal Record/Fortune Society Client Match Data (Part 6) contain four variables including three identifiers and a variable that indicates the type of match between a New York State criminal record identifier and a Fortune Society client identifier.
Curated
Effects of Determinant Sentencing on Institutional Climate and Prison Administration: Connecticut, Minnesota, Illinois, 1981-1983 (ICPSR 8278)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: United States, Illinois, Connecticut, Minnesota
Time period: 1981-01-01--1983-01-01
This data collection examines the effects of determinant sentencing on prison climate and administration. Three data collection periods are covered in the dataset. Parts 1-3 contain data taken from a total random sample of offenders housed at five prisons over all three data collection periods. Part 4 is an additional sample from the state of Connecticut of inmates serving determinate sentences, collected during the third period of data collection. Parts 5 and 6 comprise indeterminate sample data from all three data collection periods, while Parts 7-9 contain determinate panel sample data from all three collection periods. There were six questionnaires used in collecting these data, covering inmates' feelings about their arrest, court case, and conviction, their feelings about the law, physical problems developed during their prison term, how their time was spent in prison, family contacts outside prison, relationships with other prisoners and guards, involvement in prison programs, and criminal history.
Curated
Partially restricted
Evaluation of a Global Positioning System for Monitoring High-Risk Gang Offenders in California, 2006-2009 (ICPSR 34926)
Released/updated on: 2016-09-26
Geographic coverage: United States, California
Time period: 2006-03-01--2009-10-01
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they there received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except of the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompany readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collections and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
The purpose of this evaluation was to determine the effectiveness of the global positioning system (GPS) monitoring of high-risk gang offenders (HRGOs) who are placed on parole. The study focuses on HGROs who were released from prison and placed on parole supervision with GPS monitoring in six California jurisdictions between March 2006 and October 2009. A propensity score procedure was performed using a sample of offenders drawn from the same six communities who were not placed on GPS monitoring. The matching procedure resulted in a final sample of 784 subjects (392 treatment and 392 control). The study used six primary sources to collect data: 1)the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) data management system, 2) official arrest records, 3) parole supervision records, 4) GPS monitoring data, 5) a CDCR parole agent (PA) survey, and 6) CDCR cost information.
Curated
Partially restricted
Examination of Actuarial Offender-Based Prediction Assessments in Texas, 1993-1996 (ICPSR 20403)
Released/updated on: 2008-06-23
Geographic coverage: United States, Texas
Time period: 1993-01-01--1996-01-01
The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive assessment of the usefulness and effectiveness of prediction and classification of offenders under community supervision. A felony cohort data collection instrument was developed to test the validity of the Wisconsin Risk and Need Instrument in use in Texas, as well as to develop "better" predictor variables for a variety of dependent variables. Using the felony cohort data instrument, the Texas Department of Criminal Justice Community Justice Assistance Division (TDCJ-CJAD) collected detailed statewide information on 3,405 felony offenders placed on probation in Texas during October 1993. Specifically, the form was completed by a probation officer on all felony probation intakes at the time the initial case classification risk/needs assessment was conducted. Additionally, follow-up forms were developed and administered to track the offenders' progress at one year, two years, and three years. Variables include probationer information, current offense, criminal history, social history, substance abuse, probation sanctions, case classification risk items, and case classification need items. Additional variables include felony cohort one-year follow-up data form questions, felony cohort second-year follow-up data form questions, and felony cohort third-year follow-up data form questions.
Curated
Examining Prison Stays in Michigan, 1985-2008 (ICPSR 37034)
Released/updated on: 2018-05-15
Geographic coverage: United States, Michigan
Time period: 1985-01-01--2005-01-01
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
This research sought to analyze the length of time served by state prisoners in Michigan from 1985 to 2008. It was conducted to address research that showed Michigan had the longest prison stays in the United States of America, the substantial impact that time served had upon state prison populations, and to assess the effect of parole and sentencing policy on time-served. The research utilized National Corrections Reporting Program (NCRP) data available through the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD) in order to build upon past-research and contribute to the understanding of state-specific patterns and trends across offenses and racial groups.
In order to address policy effects upon time served, the purpose of this study was to contextualize patterns of time served across 20 years within the parole and sentencing policy changes in Michigan; the impact of reforms in 1999 were of particular focus.
There are no data files available with this study. Only syntax files used by the researcher(s) are provided.
Curated
Partially restricted
Federal Justice Statistics Program Data, 1978-1994: [United States] (ICPSR 9296)
Released/updated on: 2023-01-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1978-01-01--1994-01-01
Data in this collection examine the processing of federal offenders. The Cases Terminated files (Parts 1-3 and 25-28) contain information about defendants in criminal cases filed in the United States Federal District Court and terminated in the calendar years indicated. Defendants in criminal cases may either be individuals or corporations, and there is one record for each defendant in each case terminated. Information on court proceedings, date the case was filed, date the case was terminated, most serious charge, and reason for termination is included. The Docket and Reporting System files (Parts 4-7, 31-34, and 42) include information on suspects in investigative matters that took an hour or more of a United States Attorney's time with one of the following outcomes: (1) the United States Attorney declined to prosecute, (2) the case was filed in Federal District Court, or (3) the matter was disposed by a United States magistrate. Codes for each disposition and change of status are also provided. The Pretrial Services data (Parts 8, 22, 43, and 47) present variables on the circuit, district, and office where the defendant was charged, type of action, year of birth and sex of the defendant, major offense charge, and results of initial and detention hearings. The Parole Decisions data (Part 9) contain information from various parole hearings such as court date, appeal action, reopening decision, sentence, severity of sentence, offense, and race and ethnicity of the defendant. The Offenders Under Supervision files (Parts 15-16 and 37-40) focus on convicted offenders sentenced to probation supervision and federal prisoners released to parole supervision. The Federal Prisoner files (Parts 18 and 20) supply data on when an offender entered and was released from confinement, as well as the amount of time served for any given offense. The Administrative Office of the United States Courts data files (Parts 44, 52, and 53) contain records of defendants in criminal cases filed in Federal District Court and terminated in the calendar years indicated. There is one record for each defendant in each case. Variables include the date the case was filed, offense level, AO (Administrative Office) codes, and disposition date. The Bureau of Prisons data (both the Master and Detail files, Parts 45, 46, and 54-57 -- formerly known as the Federal Prisoner files) contain records of sentenced prisoners admitted to or released from federal prison during 1992-1994. These files consist of separate records for each prisoner's commitment to federal prison, and for each sentence imposed on a prisoner for a given commitment to federal prison. The Central System (CS) and Central Charge (CC) files of the Executive Office for United States Attorneys (EOUSA) include information about suspects in criminal matters and defendants in criminal cases in 1993-1994. Each defendant in a criminal matter has a master Central System record (Parts 50 and 51) and may have one or more Central Charge records (Parts 48 and 49). The Federal Probation/Supervision Data files (Parts 58 and 59) provide information on supervision procedures and the sequence of events and proceedings in 1992-1994 from the time a case was opened for supervision until the case was terminated. These include reports of parole violations, transfers of supervision to other districts, and case removals due to, for example, rearrest or hospitalization. The Sentencing Commission data (Parts 60 and 61) contain information on federal criminal cases sentenced in 1992-1994 under the Sentencing Guidelines and Policy Statements of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984.
Curated
Partially restricted
How Justice Systems Realign in California: The Policies and Systemic Effects of Prison Downsizing, 1978-2013 (ICPSR 34939)
Released/updated on: 2017-03-30
Geographic coverage: United States, California
Time period: 1978-01-01--2012-01-01, 2013-03-01--2013-07-01, 2012-01-01--2013-01-01
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they there received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except of the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompany readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collections and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
The California correctional system underwent a dramatic transformation under California's Public Safety Realignment Act (AB 109) in 2011, a law that shifted from the state to the counties the responsibility for monitoring, tracking, and incarcerating lower level offenders previously bound for state prison. Realignment, therefore, presents the opportunity to witness 58 natural experiments in the downsizing of prisons. Counties faced different types of offenders, implemented different programs in different community and jail environments, and adopted differing sanctioning policies. This study examines the California's Public Safety Realignment Act's effect on counties' criminal justice institutions, including the disparities that result in charging, sentencing, and resource decisions.
Curated
Impact of Sentencing Guidelines on the Use of Incarceration in Federal Criminal Courts in the United States, 1984-1990 (ICPSR 9845)
Released/updated on: 2000-06-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1984-07-01--1990-08-01
The primary purpose of this data collection was to examine the impact of the implementation of sentencing guidelines on the rate of incarcerative and nonincarcerative sentences imposed and on the average length of expected time to be served in incarceration for all offenses as well as for select groups of offenses. The measure of sentence length, "expected time to be served," was used to allow for assumed good time and parole reductions. This term represents the amount of time an offender can expect to spend in prison at the time of sentencing, a roughly equivalent standard that can be measured before and after the implementation of federal criminal sentencing guidelines in 1987. Three broad offense categories were studied: drug offenses, robbery, and economic crimes. Drug offenses include a wide range of illegal activities involving marijuana, heroin, and cocaine. Robbery includes bank and postal robbery (both armed and unarmed) as well as other types of robbery offenses that appear less frequently in the federal system, such as carrying a firearm during the commission of a robbery. Economic offenses include fraud (bank, postal, and other), embezzlement (bank, postal, and other), and tax evasion. Other monthly data are provided on the number of prison and probation sentences for all offenses and by offense categories.
Curated
Inmate Victimization in State Prisons in the United States, 1979 (ICPSR 8087)
Released/updated on: 2005-11-04
Geographic coverage: United States
This data collection was designed to determine the nature and extent of victimization in state prisons across the nation. In particular, it examines topics such as prison living conditions, prison programs, prison safety, and inmates' participation in or victimization by other inmates with respect to several types of property and bodily crimes. Also presented are a set of attitudinal measures dealing with inmates' thoughts and perceptions on a variety of subjects, including their reactions to general statements about prison life and to a series of hypothetical situations.
Curated
Management of Sex Offenders by Probation and Parole Agencies in the United States, 1994 (ICPSR 6627)
Released/updated on: 2005-11-04
Geographic coverage: United States
This study examined various ways states approach and sanction sex crimes (i.e., child sexual abuse, incest, and sexual assault) and sex offenders. The aim of the study was to obtain basic information about policies and procedures of probation and parole agencies with respect to adult sex offender case management. State corrections administrators in 49 states and the District of Columbia were contacted to supply information on their states' probation and parole offices and the corresponding jurisdictions. From these offices, probation and parole supervisors at the office-management level were selected as survey respondents because of their familiarity with the day-to-day office operations. Respondents were asked about the usage of various supervision methods, such as electronic monitoring, requiring offenders on probation or parole to register with law enforcement agencies, and polygraph testing. Sanctions such as requiring the offenders to seek treatment and forbidding contact with the victim were discussed, as were various queries about the handling of the victim in the case (whether a written statement by the victim was routinely included in the offender's file, whether officers usually had contact with the victim, and whether there was a system for advising victims of status changes for the offender). Other questions focused on whether the office used specialized assessments, caseloads, programs, and policies for sex offenders that differed from those used for other offenders. Various issues regarding treatment for offenders were also examined: who chooses and pays the treatment provider, whether the agency or the court approves treatment providers, what criteria are involved in approval, and whether the office had an in-house sex offender treatment program.
Curated
Partially restricted
Mapping the School to Prison Pipeline in North Carolina, 1972-2016 (ICPSR 38141)
Released/updated on: 2022-02-10
Geographic coverage: North Carolina, United States
Time period: 1972-01-01--2016-01-01
This project was centered on the apparent tension between keeping schools safe and keeping students attached to school. The project used comprehensive administrative data from the North Carolina public school system available through the North Carolina Education Research Data Center (NCERDC).
This dataset, along with juvenile court record data and publicly-available data from the North Carolina adult criminal justice system, linked administrative information from the same individuals in both school disciplinary records and the juvenile and adult criminal justice systems. The ultimate goal of this project was to determine if different policy choices by schools causally decrease rates of in-school violence in the short run and/or increase rates of conviction and incarceration in the long term.
Curated
Measuring Perceptions of Appropriate Prison Sentences in the United States, 2000 (ICPSR 3988)
Released/updated on: 2006-03-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2000-05-16--2000-08-08
This study examined the public's preferences regarding sentencing and parole of criminal offenders. It also investigated the public's willingness to pay for particular crime prevention and control strategies and tested new methods for gathering this kind of information from the public. This involved asking the public to respond to a series of crime vignettes that involved constrained choice. The study consisted of a telephone survey of 1,300 adult respondents conducted in 2000 in the United States. Following a review by a panel of experts and extensive pretesting, the final instrument was programmed for computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI). The questionnaire specifically focused on: (1) the attitudes of the public on issues such as the number of police on the street, civil rights of minority groups, and the legal rights of people accused of serious crimes, (2) the randomized evaluation of preferred sentencing alternatives for eight different crime scenarios, (3) making parole decisions in a constrained choice setting by assuming that there is only enough space for one of two offenders, (4) the underlying factors that motivate the public's parole decisions, and (5) respondents' willingness to pay for various crime prevention strategies.
Curated
Partially restricted
Multilevel and Policy-Focused Analysis of Parole Violations and Revocations in California, 2003-2004 (ICPSR 27161)
Released/updated on: 2010-03-30
Geographic coverage: United States, California
Time period: 2003-01-01--2004-12-31
The purpose of the study was to facilitate an understanding of the sanctioning of parolees in California. The central databases used in the study were the Offender Based Information System (OBIS), the Revocation Scheduling and Tracking System (RSTS), and the Statewide Parolee Database (SPDB). These three central databases provided information for the outcome variables of the study as well as information about parolees' personal characteristics, aspects of their supervision, and criminal histories. For the Parole Violations Data (Part 1), these data were combined with data extracted from several California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) data systems and connected to other pieces of data using administrative and geographic identifiers to construct measures of parole agent and community characteristics. Parole agent and parole policy measures were drawn from the California State Personnel Board Parole Agent Database (PACD) and California parole policies. Measures of community conditions were drawn from the 2000 United States Census, the United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the California Secretary of State, and the Religious Congregations and Membership Study, 2000. A total of 13,070 parolees were observed for a maximum of 106 weeks during 2003-2004, yielding a total of 1,376,820 parolee-week observations for Part 1. The Parole Revocations Data (Part 2) include every parole violation case that went through a county court or a parole board hearing in 2003 and 2004 -- a total of 151,586 cases. Individual, organizational, and community-level data were merged into the Part 2 dataset using administrative and geographic identifiers. Information about each parolee was extracted from several CDCR data systems. Similar to Part 1, the central databases used in Part 2 of the study were the OBIS and the RSTS. Organizational measures were drawn from CDCR Annual Population Reports, California Corrections Standards Authority Jail Profile Surveys, and Judicial Council of California Court Statistics Reports. Measures of community conditions were drawn from the 2000 United States Census, the SAMHSA, and the California Secretary of State. The Parole Violations Data (Part 1) contain a total of 50 variables including past and present offense history variables, parolee characteristics, supervision characteristics, and community environment variables. The Parole Revocations Data (Part 2) contain a total of 42 variables including case characteristics, individual characteristics, organizational factors, and community factors.
Curated
Multisite Evaluation of Shock Incarceration: [Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas], 1987-1992 (ICPSR 6986)
Released/updated on: 2006-03-30
Geographic coverage: United States, Illinois, Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina
This study analyzes shock incarceration (boot camp) programs in Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas. In each state, offenders who participated in boot camps were compared with demographically similar offenders who were sentenced to prison, probation, or parole. The impact of shock incarceration on offenders was assessed in two major areas: (1) changes in offenders' attitudes, expectations, and outlook during incarceration (self-report/attitude data), and (2) performance during and adjustment to community supervision after incarceration (community supervision data). The self-report/attitude data include variables measuring criminal history, drinking and drug abuse, and attitudes toward the shock incarceration program, as well as demographic variables, such as age, race, employment, income, education, and military experience. The community supervision data contain information on offenders' behaviors during community supervision, such as arrests, absconding incidents, jail time, drug use, education and employment experiences, financial and residential stability, and contacts with community supervision officers, along with demographic variables, such as age and race. In addition to these key areas, more detailed data were collected in Louisiana, including a psychological assessment, a risk and needs assessment, and a community supervision follow-up at two different time periods (Parts 11-18). For most states, the subjects sampled in the self-report/attitude survey were different from those who were surveyed in the community supervision phase of data collection. Data collection practices and sample structures differed by state, and therefore the data files are organized to explore the impact of shock incarceration at the state level. For each state, the unit of analysis is the offender.
Curated
Partially restricted
Multi-site National Institute of Justice Evaluation of Second Chance Act Reentry Courts in Seven States, 2012-2016 (ICPSR 36748)
Released/updated on: 2018-07-24
Geographic coverage: Texas, Missouri, New Hampshire, Ohio, Florida, Delaware, Virginia
Time period: 2012-01-01--2016-01-01
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they there received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except of the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompany readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collections and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
The study used a multi-method approach including 1. a process evaluation in all eight sites involving yearly site visits from 2012 to 2014 with key stakeholder interviews, observations, and participant focus groups; 2. a prospective impact evaluation (in four sites) including interviews at release from jail or prison and at 12 months after release (as well as oral swab drug tests) with reentry court participants and a matched comparison group; 3. a recidivism impact evaluation (in seven sites) with a matched comparison group tracking recidivism for 2 years post reentry court entry and 4. a cost-benefit evaluation (in seven sites) involving a transactional and institutional cost analysis (TICA) approach. Final administrative data were collected through the end of 2016.
This collection includes four SPSS data files: "interview_archive2.sav" with 746 variables and 412 cases, "NESCCARC_Archive_File_3.sav" with 518 variables and 3,710 cases, "Interview Data1.sav" with 1,356 variables and 412 cases, "NESCCARC Admin Data File.sav" with 517 variables and 3,710 cases, and three SPSS syntax files: "Interview Syntax.sps", "archive_2-17.sps", and "NESCCARC Admin Data Syntax.sps".
Curated
Partially restricted
National Corrections Reporting Program, 1983 (ICPSR 8363)
Released/updated on: 2010-04-23
Geographic coverage: United States
This study was conducted to provide a consistent and comprehensive description of convicted persons' entrance into and departure from correctional custody and correctional supervision. To accomplish this goal, data were gathered from official state prison records on topics such as race, sex, and age of inmates, length of time in jail, length of time in prison, and type of offense committed. The data were collected from the state prison systems of 32 states.
Curated
Partially restricted
National Corrections Reporting Program, 1984 (ICPSR 8497)
Released/updated on: 2010-04-23
Geographic coverage: United States
This study was conducted to provide a consistent and comprehensive description of convicted persons' entrance into and departure from correctional custody and correctional supervision. To accomplish this goal, data were gathered from official state prison records on topics such as race, sex, and age of inmates, length of time in jail, length of time in prison, and type of offense committed. The data were collected from the state prison systems of 36 states and the Federal Prison System.