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Showing 1 – 50 of 134 results.

Curated

Adult Criminal Careers in New York, 1972-1983 (ICPSR 9353)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States, New York (state)

Time period: 1972-01-01--1983-01-01

This data collection was designed to estimate the extent and variation of individual offending by crime type, race, age, and prior criminal record. Included in this collection are the criminal records of individuals aged 16 years or older who were arrested in the state of New York. Two separate data files are supplied. Part 1 contains data on all adults arrested in New York from 1972 to 1976 for rape, murder, robbery, aggravated assault, or burglary. Part 2 includes data on all adults arrested for larceny or auto theft in Albany and Erie counties. Variables include items such as sex, race, age, number of prior arrests, date and place of arrest, arrest charged, number of multiple counts, court disposition of charges, and type and length of sentence.

Curated

Adult Criminal Careers, Michigan: 1974-1977 (ICPSR 8279)

Released/updated on: 1995-03-31

Geographic coverage: United States, Michigan

Time period: 1974-01-01--1977-01-01

These data, taken from the computerized criminal history files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, were collected to develop estimates of the extent and variation of individual offending. Included are the adult criminal records of individuals 17 years of age and older arrested in Michigan from 1974 to 1977. The primary criterion for inclusion in the sample was at least one arrest in Michigan for murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, or auto theft. Once sampled, the arrest history includes data on all recorded arrests through 1977, regardless of offense type. The full dataset includes records for 41,191 individuals for a total of 200,007 arrests. The dataset is organized by individual and includes demographic characteristics of the individual (birth date, state of birth, sex, and race) followed by information from the individual's arrest record in chronological order. The arrest records include the date of arrest, the offenses charged, the disposition (convicted, dismissed, or acquitted), and the sentence. Because the data are organized by individual, they are suitable for longitudinal analyses of individual offending patterns over time.

Curated

Age-by-Race Specific Crime Rates, 1965-1985: [United States] (ICPSR 9589)

Released/updated on: 2005-11-04

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1965-01-01--1985-01-01

These data examine the effects on total crime rates of changes in the demographic composition of the population and changes in criminality of specific age and race groups. The collection contains estimates from national data of annual age-by-race specific arrest rates and crime rates for murder, robbery, and burglary over the 21-year period 1965-1985. The data address the following questions: (1) Are the crime rates reported by the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) data series valid indicators of national crime trends? (2) How much of the change between 1965 and 1985 in total crime rates for murder, robbery, and burglary is attributable to changes in the age and race composition of the population, and how much is accounted for by changes in crime rates within age-by-race specific subgroups? (3) What are the effects of age and race on subgroup crime rates for murder, robbery, and burglary? (4) What is the effect of time period on subgroup crime rates for murder, robbery, and burglary? (5) What is the effect of birth cohort, particularly the effect of the very large (baby-boom) cohorts following World War II, on subgroup crime rates for murder, robbery, and burglary? (6) What is the effect of interactions among age, race, time period, and cohort on subgroup crime rates for murder, robbery, and burglary? (7) How do patterns of age-by-race specific crime rates for murder, robbery, and burglary compare for different demographic subgroups? The variables in this study fall into four categories. The first category includes variables that define the race-age cohort of the unit of observation. The values of these variables are directly available from UCR and include year of observation (from 1965-1985), age group, and race. The second category of variables were computed using UCR data pertaining to the first category of variables. These are period, birth cohort of age group in each year, and average cohort size for each single age within each single group. The third category includes variables that describe the annual age-by-race specific arrest rates for the different crime types. These variables were estimated for race, age, group, crime type, and year using data directly available from UCR and population estimates from Census publications. The fourth category includes variables similar to the third group. Data for estimating these variables were derived from available UCR data on the total number of offenses known to the police and total arrests in combination with the age-by-race specific arrest rates for the different crime types.

Curated

Charging and Sentencing of Murder and Voluntary Manslaughter Cases in Georgia, 1973-1979 (ICPSR 9264)

Released/updated on: 2001-12-14

Geographic coverage: United States, Georgia

Time period: 1973-03-01--1979-12-01

These data were collected to assess the levels of racial discrimination and arbitrariness occurring at different levels within Georgia's capital charging and sentencing system. Data cover approximately 1,000 murder and voluntary manslaughter cases. Information was obtained for all known penalty trial cases and for certain cases stratified by case type (voluntary manslaughter conviction, nonpenalty trial life sentence, and penalty trial) and by state judicial circuit. Numerous measures of defendant blameworthiness were developed as a basis for assessing levels of arbitrariness and discrimination in the capital charging and sentencing system. Variables include race, sex, and socioeconomic class, as well as crime codes, jury/bench decisions, final plea, term, and number of counts convicted.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

A Comprehensive Assessment of Deadly Mass Shootings, 1980-2018, United States (ICPSR 38482)

Released/updated on: 2022-09-29

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1980-01-01--2018-12-31

As deadly mass shootings constitute a pressing concern for Americans, the database was created to assess features and trends in all deadly mass shootings in America between 1980 and 2018. In these data, mass shootings encompass all incidents with four or more gunshot fatalities, not including the shooter, within 24 hours. Open source media reports as well as official police and court records were used to code and verify details of mass shooting incidents. The data include information on public deadly mass shooting incidents, as well as all the other deadly mass shootings that occurred over this period (e.g., those that happened in private spaces among family members, and those that occurred in public spaces but were part of another criminal event). In all, the database contains information on 719 incidents that occurred in both public and private spaces between 1980 and 2018.

Curated

County Characteristics, 2000-2007 [United States] (ICPSR 20660)

Released/updated on: 2008-01-24

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2000-01-01--2007-01-01

This file contains an array of county characteristics by which researchers can investigate contextual influences at the county level. Included are population size and the components of population change during 2000-2005 and a wide range of characteristics on or about 2005: (1) population by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, (2) labor force size and unemployment, (3) personal income, (4) earnings and employment by industry, (5) land surface form topography, (6) climate, (7) government revenue and expenditures, (8) crimes reported to police, (9) presidential election results (10) housing authorized by building permits, (11) Medicare enrollment, and (12) health profession shortage areas.

Curated

Restricted

A Descriptive Analysis of Missing and Murdered Native Women and Children in Nebraska, Barriers to Reporting and Investigation, and Recommendations for Improving Access to Justice, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38294)

Released/updated on: 2022-08-16

Geographic coverage: United States, Nebraska

Time period: 2020-01-01--2021-12-31

This research project was a proposed partnership between the Nebraska Commission on Indian Affairs, the four tribes of Nebraska: Omaha Tribe, Ponca Tribe, Santee Sioux Tribe, and Winnebago Tribe; and researchers at the University of Nebraska, Omaha. Quantitative data on Nebraska's missing persons were obtained from existing missing persons databases: Nebraska's Missing Persons List (NMPL), National Missing and Unidentified Persons System (NamUS), and the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC). The stated goals were to evaluate the scope of missing and murdered Native women and children, barriers to reporting and investigating these missing, and identify partnerships to increase reporting and investigation. Point-in-time measures were used to account for the naturally changing status of missing persons cases. Variables include missing status at points 1, 2, 3, and 4; date reported missing at points 1, 2, 3, and 4; age groups of missing person at points 1, 2, 3, and 4; minor status; location of disappearance; record of missing person on databases; race, sex, and age.

Curated

Deterrent Effects of Punishment on Crime Rates, 1959-1960 (ICPSR 7716)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1959-01-01--1960-01-01

The study contains cross-section data on the relationship between aggregate levels of punishment and crime rates. It examines deterrent effects of punishment on seven Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) index crimes: murder, rape, assault, larceny, robbery, burglary, and auto theft, committed in 1960 in 47 states of the United States (excluded were New Jersey, Alaska, and Hawaii). For each state, the data include variables for the reported crime rates for each of the seven index crimes. For each of the index crimes, there are two sanction variables included: the probability of prison commitment and the average time served by those sentenced (severity of punishment). There are 11 socioeconomic variables, including family income, income distribution, unemployment rate for urban males in the age groups 14-24 and 35-39, labor force participation rate, educational level, percentage of young males in population, percentage of non-white young males living in the population, percentage of population living in Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas, sex ratio, and place of occurrence. The data also include per capita police expenditures for 1959 and 1960. A related data collection is PARTICIPATION IN ILLEGITIMATE ACTIVITIES: EHRLICH REVISITED, 1960 (ICPSR 8677). It provides alternative model specifications and estimations.

Curated

Disrupting Gun Transfers, Los Angeles, California, 2014-2015 (ICPSR 37163)

Released/updated on: 2023-05-17

Geographic coverage: United States, Los Angeles, California

Time period: 2014-01-01--2015-01-01

The data was used to provide estimates of the effects of a Los Angeles letter program on citywide levels of homicide, robbery, and aggravated assault with a firearm. This study will provide the city of Los Angeles and other jurisdictions in California (and beyond) with information on the impact and cost-effectiveness of an innovative gun letter program. This project involves the following:

statistical analysis of gun-level data to assess program impact on reporting guns lost or stolen,
statistical analysis to evaluate the impact of the program on city-level crimes involving a firearm, and
assessment of program costs.

Curated

Restricted

Effects of Defense Counsel on Homicide Case Outcomes in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1995-2004 [United States] (ICPSR 32541)

Released/updated on: 2012-09-21

Geographic coverage: United States, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Time period: 1994-01-01--2005-01-01

This study measured the difference that defense counsel made to the outcome of homicide and death penalty cases. One in five indigent murder defendants in Philadelphia were randomly assigned representation by the Defender Association of Philadelphia while the remainder received court-appointed private attorneys. This study's research design utilized this random assignment to measure how defense counsel affected murder case outcomes. The research team collected data on 3,157 defendants charged with murder in Philadelphia Municipal Court between 1995-2004, using records provided by the Philadelphia Courts (First Judicial District of Pennsylvania). Data were also obtained from the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas, the Pennsylvania Unified Judicial System web portal, the National Corrections Reporting Program, and the 2000 Census. This study contains a total of 47 variables including public defender representation, defendant demographics, ZIP code characteristics, prior criminal history, case characteristics, case outcomes, and case handling procedures.

Curated

Effects of Foot Patrol Policing in Boston, 1977-1985 (ICPSR 9351)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States, Massachusetts, Boston

Time period: 1977-01-01--1985-07-01

This collection evaluates the impact of a new foot patrol plan, implemented by the Boston Police Department, on incidents of crime and neighborhood disturbances. Part 1 contains information on service calls by types of criminal offenses such as murder, rape, aggravated assault, simple assault, robbery, larceny, burglary, and auto theft. It also contains data on types of community disturbances such as noisy party, gang, or minor disturbance and response priority of the incidents. Response priorities are classified according to a four-level scale: Priority 1: emergency calls including crimes in progress, high risk or personal injury, and medical emergencies, Priority 2: calls of intermediate urgency, Priority 3: calls not requiring immediate response, Priority 4: calls of undetermined priority. Parts 2 and 3 include information about patrol time used in each of the three daily shifts during the pre- and post-intervention periods. Part 4 presents information similar to Parts 2 and 3 but the data span a longer period of time--approximately seven years.

Curated

Effects of Prior Record in Sentencing Research in a Large Northeastern City, 1968-1979: [United States] (ICPSR 8929)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1968-01-01--1979-01-01

This data collection examines the impact of defendants' prior criminal records on the sentencing of male and female defendants committing violent and non-violent crimes. The collection also provides data on which types of prior records most influenced the sentencing judges. Variables deal specifically with the defendant, the judge and the characteristics of the current case. Only cases that fell into one of 14 categories of common offenses were included. These offenses were murder, manslaughter, rape, robbery, assault, minor assault, burglary, auto theft, embezzlement, receiving stolen property, forgery, sex offenses other than rape, drug possession, and driving while intoxicated.

Curated

Ethnicity and Homicide in California, 1850-1900 (ICPSR 9594)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States, California

Time period: 1850-01-01--1900-01-01

This data collection explores the relationship between homicide and ethnicity in California during 1850-1900. The data are presented in three files. Part 1, Homicide, includes information on time, place, location, and cause of the crime for all murder cases in seven California counties. The relationship between the victim and the accused, and the race, sex, age, and occupation of each are also provided. Part 2, Indictment, includes information on criminal charge, plea, verdict, and sentence for all murder trials in the same seven counties during the time period. Part 3 provides information on all prisoners incarcerated in California for murder. Included are age, sex, ethnicity, place of birth, and occupation of each prisoner, as well as sentence, disposition of case, years served, and year in which the prisoner was released.

Curated

Restricted

Evaluation of CeaseFire, a Chicago-based Violence Prevention Program, 1991-2007 (ICPSR 23880)

Released/updated on: 2015-02-25

Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Illinois

Time period: 1991-01-01--2006-12-01, 1998-02-01--2006-04-01, 2006-05-01--2007-08-01, 2006-09-01--2007-02-01, 2007-04-05--2007-07-19

This study evaluated CeaseFire, a program of the Chicago Project for Violence Prevention. The evaluation had both outcome and process components.

The outcome evaluation assessed the program's impact on shootings and killings in selected CeaseFire sites. Two types of crime data were compiled by the research team: Time Series Data (Dataset 1) and Shooting Incident Data (Dataset 2). Dataset 1 is comprised of aggregate month/year data on all shooting, gun murder, and persons shot incidents reported to Chicago police for CeaseFire's target beats and matched sets of comparison beats between January 1991 and December 2006, resulting in 1,332 observations. Dataset 2 consists of data on 4,828 shootings that were reported in CeaseFire's targeted police beats and in a matched set of comparison beats for two-year periods before and after the implementation of the program (February 1998 to April 2006).

The process evaluation involved assessing the program's operations and effectiveness. Researchers surveyed three groups of CeaseFire program stakeholders: employees, representatives of collaborating organizations, and clients.

The three sets of employee survey data examine such topics as their level of involvement with clients and CeaseFire activities, their assessments of their clients' problems, and their satisfaction with training and management practices. A total of 154 employees were surveyed: 23 outreach supervisors (Dataset 3), 78 outreach workers (Dataset 4), and 53 violence interrupters (Dataset 5).

The six sets of collaborating organization representatives data examine such topics as their level of familiarity and contact with the CeaseFire program, their opinions of CeaseFire clients, and their assessments of the costs and benefits of being involved with CeaseFire. A total of 230 representatives were surveyed: 20 business representatives (Dataset 6), 45 clergy representatives (Dataset 7), 26 community representatives (Dataset 8), 35 police representatives (Dataset 9), 36 school representatives (Dataset 10), and 68 service organization representatives (Dataset 11).

The Client Survey Data (Dataset 12) examine such topics as clients' involvement in the CeaseFire program, their satisfaction with aspects of life, and their opinions regarding the role of guns in neighborhood life. A total of 297 clients were interviewed.

Curated

Examination of Homicides in Houston, Texas, 1985-1994 (ICPSR 3399)

Released/updated on: 2005-11-04

Geographic coverage: United States, Texas, Houston

Time period: 1985-01-01--1994-01-01

As a contribution to nationwide efforts to more thoroughly understand urban violence, this study was conducted to assess the impact of cultural dynamics on homicide rates in Houston, Texas, and to profile homicides in the city from 1985 to 1994. This data collection provides the results of quantitative analysis of data collected from all Houston homicide cases recorded in the police murder logs for 1985-1994. Variables describe the homicide circumstances, the victim-offender relationship, the type of weapon used, and any drug- or gang-related activity involved. Other variables include the year and month in which the homicide occurred, whether the homicide occurred on a weekday or over the weekend, the motive of the homicide, whether the homicide was drug-related, whether the case was cleared by police at time of data entry, weapon type and means of killing, the relationship between the victim and the offender, whether a firearm was the homicide method, whether it was a multiple victim incident or multiple offender incident, whether the victim or the offender was younger than age 15, and the inter-racial relationship between the victim and the offender. Demographic variables include age, sex, and race of the victim as well as the offender.

Curated

Restricted

Firearm Legislation and Firearm Violence Across Space and Time, United States, 1970-2012 (ICPSR 36688)

Released/updated on: 2018-05-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1970-01-01--2012-01-01

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.

The study constructed a comprehensive, longitudinal dataset of all counties nested within U.S. States from 1970 to 2012. The study's main purpose was to facilitate research that would further understanding on firearm legislation and its impacts on violence. This comprehensive data collection effort included information on firearm legislation implemented across U.S. States over time in combination with multiple measures of firearm-related violence and injury. Moreover, to better understand the conditions under which firearm legislation is more or less effective, incorporation of county characteristics allowed for examination of whether the effectiveness of state-level firearm legislation depends upon particular characteristics of counties. The researchers conducted a secondary analysis utilizing a variety of archived external government and census sources.

The Study's Dataset Include two Stata Files:

CJRC_firearms_research.dta (95 Variables, 129,027 Cases)
state_law_data.dta (19 Variables, 2,168 Cases)

Curated

Forensic Evidence and the Police, 1976-1980 (ICPSR 8186)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Illinois, Missouri, Peoria, Kansas City (Missouri), California, Oakland

Time period: 1976-01-01--1980-01-01

This data collection focuses on adult cases of serious crime such as homicide (and related death investigations), rape, robbery, aggravated assault/battery, burglary, and arson. Data are included for Peoria, Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, Kansas City, Missouri, and Oakland, California. The data consist of police, court, and laboratory records from reports submitted by police personnel during investigations of suspected criminal offenses. The primary source of information was police case files. Prosecutor and court files were reviewed for information regarding the disposition of suspects who were arrested and formally charged. Crime laboratory reports include information concerning the evidence submitted and the examiner's worksheets, notes, and final results. There are eight files in this dataset. Each of the four cities has one file for cases with physical evidence and one file for cases in which physical evidence was not collected or examined.

Curated

Restricted

Homicide, Bereavement, and the Criminal Justice System in Texas, 2000 (ICPSR 3263)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-30

Geographic coverage: United States, Texas

This study assessed the influence of the criminal justice system on the bereavement process of individuals who have lost loved ones to homicide. The primary question motivating this research was: Can the criminal justice system help to heal the harm of the bereaved's loss? The three main goals of this study were to examine: (1) bereaveds' perceptions of and experiences with the criminal justice system and its professionals, (2) the ways criminal justice professionals perceive and manage the bereaved, and (3) the nature of the association between the criminal justice system and bereaveds' psychological well-being. Data were obtained from in-depth interviews conducted in June through December 2000 with two different groups of people. The first group represented individuals who had lost loved ones to murder between 1994 and 1998 in one county in Texas (Parts 1-33). The second group (Parts 34-55) was comprised county criminal justice professionals (murder detectives, prosecutors, criminal court judges, victim's service counselors, and victim's rights advocates). For Parts 1-33, interviewees were asked a series of open-ended questions about the criminal justice system, including how they learned about the death and the current disposition of the murder case. They also were asked what they would change about the criminal justice system's treatment of them. The bereaved were further asked about their sex, age, race, education, marital status, employment status, income, and number of children. Additional questions were asked regarding the deceased's age at the time of the murder, race, relationship to interviewee, and the deceased's relationship to the murderer, if known. For Parts 34-55, respondents were asked about their job titles, years in those positions, number of murder cases handled in the past year, number of murder cases handled over the course of their career, and whether they thought the criminal justice system could help to heal the harm of people who had lost loved ones to murder. All interviews (Parts 1-55) were tape-recorded and later transcribed by the interviewer, who replaced actual names of individuals, neighborhoods, cities, counties, or any other identifiable names with pseudonyms.

Curated

Restricted

Homicide Investigations in Los Angeles, California: An Analysis of Solved and Unsolved Cases, 1990-2010 (ICPSR 39255)

Released/updated on: 2025-01-30

Geographic coverage: United States, Los Angeles, California

Time period: 1990-01-01--2010-01-01

In 2018 Justice and Security Strategies, Inc. (JSS) recieved funding from the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) to code and analyze detailed homicide data collected by the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD). The data in this study were compiled from the LAPD's digitized homicide casefiles, or Murder Books, stored at the Homicide Library. These digitized casefiles included relevant information from the chronological log of detective activity, crime scene log, first responder statements and officer reports, incident history from the CAD and 911 tapes, Los Angeles Fire Department medical service report, death/autopsy report, suspect arrest report, evidence reports, follow-up reports, investigator final report, search warrants, crime scene sketches, crime scene notes, scientific evidence analysis, witness statements and notes, suspect interview notes, and case status information. A total of 4,111 Murder Books detailing homicides from four of 21 LAPD area stations in South Los Angeles between 1990 to 2010 were digitally scanned and preserved for posterity. Through a grant from the National Institute of Justice, JSS researchers 'tagged' the data to facilitate sharing these Murder Books among detectives in the South Bureau. These 'tags' also serve to encode features and outcomes from the Murder Book case files.

The data archived from this project consist of the digital database of the tagged Murder Books. There are two files included in this project. The victim file contains information about both the incident (obtainable from unique incident numbers) and information about the victim (victim number associated with each incident). The suspect file contains information about the suspects associated with each incident and can be linked to the original incident through the incident number.

Curated

Homicides in New York City, 1797-1999 [And Various Historical Comparison Sites] (ICPSR 3226)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-30

Geographic coverage: New York City, Canada, United States, England, New York (state), Global

Time period: 1797-01-01--1999-01-01

There has been little research on United States homicide rates from a long-term perspective, primarily because there has been no consistent data series on a particular place preceding the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), which began its first full year in 1931. To fill this research gap, this project created a data series on homicides per capita for New York City that spans two centuries. The goal was to create a site-specific, individual-based data series that could be used to examine major social shifts related to homicide, such as mass immigration, urban growth, war, demographic changes, and changes in laws. Data were also gathered on various other sites, particularly in England, to allow for comparisons on important issues, such as the post-World War II wave of violence. The basic approach to the data collection was to obtain the best possible estimate of annual counts and the most complete information on individual homicides. The annual count data (Parts 1 and 3) were derived from multiple sources, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports and Supplementary Homicide Reports, as well as other official counts from the New York City Police Department and the City Inspector in the early 19th century. The data include a combined count of murder and manslaughter because charge bargaining often blurs this legal distinction. The individual-level data (Part 2) were drawn from coroners' indictments held by the New York City Municipal Archives, and from daily newspapers. Duplication was avoided by keeping a record for each victim. The estimation technique known as "capture-recapture" was used to estimate homicides not listed in either source. Part 1 variables include counts of New York City homicides, arrests, and convictions, as well as the homicide rate, race or ethnicity and gender of victims, type of weapon used, and source of data. Part 2 includes the date of the murder, the age, sex, and race of the offender and victim, and whether the case led to an arrest, trial, conviction, execution, or pardon. Part 3 contains annual homicide counts and rates for various comparison sites including Liverpool, London, Kent, Canada, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Seattle, and San Francisco.

Curated

Improving the Investigation of Homicide and the Apprehension Rate of Murderers in Washington State, 1981-1986 (ICPSR 6134)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States, Washington

Time period: 1981-01-01--1986-01-01

This data collection contains information on solved murders occurring in Washington State between 1981 and 1986. The collection is a subset of data from the Homicide Investigation Tracking System (HITS), a computerized database maintained by the state of Washington that contains information on murders and sexual assault cases in that state. The data for HITS are provided voluntarily by police and sheriffs' departments covering 273 jurisdictions, medical examiners' and coroners' offices in 39 counties, prosecuting attorneys' offices in 39 counties, the Washington State Department of Vital Statistics, and the Uniform Crime Report Unit of the Washington State Association of Sheriffs and Police Chiefs. Collected data include crime evidence, victimology, offender characteristics, geographic locations, weapons, and vehicles.

Curated

Restricted

Improving the Production and Use of Forensic Science, 5 U.S. counties, 2006-2009 (ICPSR 36727)

Released/updated on: 2022-03-16

Geographic coverage: Allegheny County, Bexar County, United States, Sedgwick County, Texas, Sacramento County, California, Kansas, King County, Washington, Pennsylvania

Time period: 2006-01-01--2009-01-01

This study collection sought to thoroughly understand the creation, testing, and use of forensic science in five jurisdictions across the country. A random sample was selected of recent criminal cases in the following jurisdictions and tracked from investigation to adjudication to understand how forensic evidence functions:

Sacramento County, CA: 990 cases
Segwick County, KS: 936 cases
Allegheny County, PA: 978 cases
Bexar County (San Antonio), TX: 936 cases
King County, WA: 892 cases

The Principal Investigator sought answers to the following seven primary research questions:

How often is forensic evidence collected and analyzed and how is it used pre-arrest?
What are the outcomes of forensic evidence testing?
What is the effect of forensic evidence on arrest and charging?
How does forensic evidence affect the plea-bargaining process?
What effect does forensic evidence have on conviction and sentencing outcomes?
Does the turnaround time for analysis of forensic evidence have any impact on case disposition?
Does the institutional configuration of the crime laboratory have any effect on its productivity?

Data for the following types of forensic testing are included in this data collection: hair, fibers, glass, paint, gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC/MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy / energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), physical match, drug identification, toxicology, serology, combined DNA index system (CODIS), DNA short tandem repeat (Y-STR), blood pattern, test fire, and comparison scope.

Curated

Restricted

Los Angeles Homicides, 1830-2003 (ICPSR 3680)

Released/updated on: 2012-08-22

Geographic coverage: United States, Los Angeles, California

Time period: 1830-01-01--2003-01-01

Curated

Measure 11 Sentencing Reform in Oregon: Implementation and System Impact, 1990-1999 (ICPSR 4087)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: Oregon, United States

Time period: 1990-01-01--1999-01-01

This study explored the implementation and impact of Measure 11 (passed by Oregon voters in 1994), which imposed long mandatory prison terms for 16 designated violent and sex-related offenses, prohibited "earned time," and provided for mandatory waiver of youthful offenders to adult court. Measure 11 penalties were longer than those imposed under sentencing guidelines. Juveniles aged 15 years or older were also subject to the measure. The researchers addressed the implementation and impact of the measure on prosecution, sentencing, and convictions, both statewide and in three separate counties based on the Oregon Criminal Justice Commission (OCJC) data and the Oregon Department of Corrections (DOC) data. Variables include offender characteristics, plea trial information, number of convictions, prison term for convictions, severity of offense, M11-eligible and alternate offense, and description of most severe offense.

Curated

Mental Disorder and Violent Crime: A 20-Year Cohort Study in New York State, 1968-1988 (ICPSR 9978)

Released/updated on: 1996-02-09

Geographic coverage: New York City, United States, New York (state)

Time period: 1968-01-01--1988-01-01

The objectives of this study were (1) to compare long-term patterns of violent crime for mentally disordered patients and for prison inmates, and (2) to evaluate the predictive validity of a diagnosis of schizophrenia for subsequent arrests for violent crimes. For purposes of this data collection, violent crimes were defined as including murder, manslaughter, rape, assault, kidnapping, and sodomy. The study analyzed individual state mental hospital patients and inmates of state prisons in New York State over a 20-year span. In the process of obtaining information regarding the individuals, three different areas were focused on: hospital, incarceration, and arrest histories. Variables for hospital histories include inpatient hospitalizations, admission and discharge dates, legal status for all state hospitals through 1988, primary diagnosis for target and most recent admissions, and placements in New York State Department of Correctional Services mental hospitals. Incarceration history variables include time spent in adult state prisons, incarcerations through 1988, and dates of release (including re-entry to community on parole, outright release, or escape). Arrest histories include information on the subject's first adult arrest through 1988 (only the most serious charge for each incident is recorded) and out-of-state arrests, when available. Demographic variables include age, race, and date of birth.

Curated

Missing Data in the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), 1977-2000 [United States] (ICPSR 32061)

Released/updated on: 2012-11-26

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1977-01-01--2000-01-01

This study reexamined and recoded missing data in the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) for the years 1977 to 2000 for all police agencies in the United States. The principal investigator conducted a data cleaning of 20,067 Originating Agency Identifiers (ORIs) contained within the Offenses-Known UCR data from 1977 to 2000. Data cleaning involved performing agency name checks and creating new numerical codes for different types of missing data including missing data codes that identify whether a record was aggregated to a particular month, whether no data were reported (true missing), if more than one index crime was missing, if a particular index crime (motor vehicle theft, larceny, burglary, assault, robbery, rape, murder) was missing, researcher assigned missing value codes according to the "rule of 20", outlier values, whether an ORI was covered by another agency, and whether an agency did not exist during a particular time period.

Curated

Multiple Imputation for the Supplementary Homicide Reports: Evaluation in Unique Test Data, 1990-1995, Chicago, Philadelphia, Phoenix and St. Louis (ICPSR 36379)

Released/updated on: 2016-03-31

Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Illinois, Missouri, Phoenix, St. Louis, Arizona, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Time period: 1990-01-01--1995-01-01

This study was an evaluation of multiple imputation strategies to address missing data using the New Approach to Evaluating Supplementary Homicide Report (SHR) Data Imputation, 1990-1995 (ICPSR 20060) dataset.

Curated

Murder Cases in 33 Large Urban Counties in the United States, 1988 (ICPSR 9907)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

This study was conducted in an effort to better understand the circumstances surrounding murder cases in large urban areas. To evaluate the 75 largest counties in the nation, 33 counties were chosen. The ranking of these counties was based on a combination of crime data and population data. The criteria for including a case on a roster from which cases would be sampled was that (1) one or more defendants must have been arrested for murder and (2) the case must have been adjudicated during 1988. These cases were a sample of about half of all those in the 33 counties studied that had a murder charge brought to the prosecutors in 1988, or earlier, and that were disposed during 1988. When statistically weighted, the sample cases represent a total of 9,576 murder defendants in the nation's 75 largest counties. Demographic information on victims and defendants includes sex, date of birth, area of residence, and occupation. Variables are also provided on the circumstances of the crime, including the relationship between the victim and the defendant, the type of weapon used, the time of death, and the number of victims.

Curated

National Crime Surveys: Index of Crime Severity, 1977 (ICPSR 8295)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1977-07-01--1977-12-01

The purpose of this data collection was to determine the seriousness of criminal events. The principal investigators sought to determine and rate the relative seriousness of murder, rape, and petty theft. Information in the collection includes respondents' opinions on the severity of particular crimes as well as how that severity compared to other crimes.

Curated

Restricted

National Judicial Reporting Program, 1986 (ICPSR 9073)

Released/updated on: 2011-03-08

Geographic coverage: United States

This data collection tabulates the number of persons convicted of felonies in state courts and describes the sentences these individuals received. Data were collected from state courts and state prosecutors in 100 counties of the United States. Sociodemographic information includes age, race, and sex of felon. Types of offenses committed include homicide, rape, and robbery. Adjudication variables referring to the process between arrest and sentencing are also a part of this dataset. Data can be analyzed on a national level or by the individual counties.

Curated

Restricted

National Judicial Reporting Program, 1988 (ICPSR 9449)

Released/updated on: 2012-12-07

Geographic coverage: United States

This data collection tabulates the number of persons convicted of felonies in state courts and describes the sentences these individuals received. Data were collected from state courts and state prosecutors in 100 counties of the United States. The collection contains sociodemographic information such as age, race, and sex of the felon. Types of offenses committed include homicide, rape, and robbery. Adjudication variables referring to the process between arrest and sentencing are also a part of this dataset. Data can be analyzed on a national level or by the individual counties.

Curated

Restricted

National Judicial Reporting Program, 1990 (ICPSR 6038)

Released/updated on: 2011-04-14

Geographic coverage: United States

This data collection tabulates the number of persons convicted of felonies in state courts and describes their sentences. Data were collected from state courts and state prosecutors in 100 counties of the United States. The collection contains sociodemographic information such as age, race, and sex of the felon. Types of offenses committed include homicide, rape, and robbery. Adjudication variables referring to the process between arrest and sentencing are also a part of this dataset. Data can be analyzed at the national level or by the individual counties.

Curated

Restricted

National Judicial Reporting Program, 1992 (ICPSR 6509)

Released/updated on: 2011-04-14

Geographic coverage: United States

Curated

Restricted

National Judicial Reporting Program, 1994 (ICPSR 6855)

Released/updated on: 2012-11-06

Geographic coverage: United States

Curated

Restricted

National Judicial Reporting Program, 1996 (ICPSR 2660)

Released/updated on: 2011-04-08

Geographic coverage: United States

This data collection tabulates the number of persons convicted of felonies in state courts and describes their sentences. Data were collected from state courts and state prosecutors in 344 counties of the United States. The collection contains sociodemographic information such as age, race, and sex of the felon. Types of offenses committed include homicide, rape, and robbery. Adjudication variables referring to the process between arrest and sentencing are also a part of this dataset. Data can be analyzed at the national level or by individual counties.

Curated

Restricted

National Judicial Reporting Program, 1998 (ICPSR 3316)

Released/updated on: 2011-04-11

Geographic coverage: United States

This data collection tabulates the number of persons convicted of felonies in state courts and describes their sentences. Data were collected from state courts and state prosecutors in 344 counties of the United States. The collection contains sociodemographic information such as age, race, and sex of the felon. Types of offenses committed include homicide, rape, and robbery. Adjudication variables referring to the process between arrest and sentencing are also a part of this dataset. Data can be analyzed at the national level or by individual counties.

Curated

Restricted

National Judicial Reporting Program, 2000 (ICPSR 3802)

Released/updated on: 2011-04-11

Geographic coverage: United States

This data collection provides detailed information on the sentences and characteristics of convicted felons based on data collected from state courts. The 2000 survey was based on a sample of 344 counties selected to be nationally representative. The collection contains sociodemographic information such as age, race, and sex of the felon. Types of offenses committed include homicide, rape, and robbery. Adjudication variables referring to the process between arrest and sentencing are also a part of this dataset. Data can be analyzed at the national level or by individual counties.

Curated

Restricted

National Judicial Reporting Program, 2002: [United States] (ICPSR 4203)

Released/updated on: 2011-03-08

Geographic coverage: United States

This data collection provides detailed information on the sentences and characteristics of convicted felons based on data collected from state courts. The 2002 survey was based on a sample of 300 counties selected to be nationally representative. The collection contains sociodemographic information such as age, race, and sex of the felon. Types of offenses committed include homicide, rape, and robbery. Data can be analyzed at the national level or by individual counties.

Curated

Restricted

National Judicial Reporting Program, 2004 (ICPSR 20760)

Released/updated on: 2011-03-08

Geographic coverage: United States

This data collection provides detailed information on the sentences and characteristics of convicted felons based on data collected from state courts. The 2004 survey was based on a sample of 300 counties selected to be nationally representative. The collection contains sociodemographic information such as age, race, and sex of the felon. Types of offenses committed include homicide, rape, and robbery. Data can be analyzed at the national level or by individual counties.

Curated

Restricted

National Judicial Reporting Program, 2006 (ICPSR 27701)

Released/updated on: 2011-03-08

Geographic coverage: United States

This data collection provides detailed information on the sentences and characteristics of convicted felons based on data collected from state courts. The 2006 survey was based on a sample of 300 counties selected to be nationally representative. The collection contains sociodemographic information such as age, race, and sex of the felon. Types of offenses committed include murder, rape, and robbery. Data can be analyzed at the national level or by individual counties.

Curated

New Approach to Evaluating Supplementary Homicide Report (SHR) Data Imputation, 1990-1995 (ICPSR 20060)

Released/updated on: 2007-12-18

Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Illinois, Missouri, Phoenix, St. Louis, Arizona, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Time period: 1990-01-01--1995-01-01

The purpose of the project was to learn more about patterns of homicide in the United States by strengthening the ability to make imputations for Supplementary Homicide Report (SHR) data with missing values. Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR) and local police data from Chicago, Illinois, St. Louis, Missouri, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Phoenix, Arizona, for 1990 to 1995 were merged to create a master file by linking on overlapping information on victim and incident characteristics. Through this process, 96 percent of the cases in the SHR were matched with cases in the police files. The data contain variables for three types of cases: complete in SHR, missing offender and incident information in SHR but known in police report, and missing offender and incident information in both. The merged file allows estimation of similarities and differences between the cases with known offender characteristics in the SHR and those in the other two categories. The accuracy of existing data imputation methods can be assessed by comparing imputed values in an "incomplete" dataset (the SHR), generated by the three imputation strategies discussed in the literature, with the actual values in a known "complete" dataset (combined SHR and police data). Variables from both the Supplemental Homicide Reports and the additional police report offense data include incident date, victim characteristics, offender characteristics, incident details, geographic information, as well as variables regarding the matching procedure.

Curated

Operation Hardcore [Crime] Evaluation: Los Angeles, 1976-1980 (ICPSR 9038)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States, Los Angeles, California

Time period: 1976-01-01--1980-01-01

This evaluation was developed and implemented by the Los Angeles District Attorney's Office to examine the effectiveness of specialized prosecutorial activities in dealing with the local problem of rising gang violence, in particular the special gang prosecution unit Operation Hardcore. One part of the evaluation was a system performance analysis. The purposes of this system performance analysis were (1) to describe the problems of gang violence in Los Angeles and the ways that incidents of gang violence were handled by the Los Angeles criminal justice system, and (2) to document the activities of Operation Hardcore and its effect on the criminal justice system's handling of the cases prosecuted by that unit. Computer-generated listings from the Los Angeles District Attorney's Office of all individuals referred for prosecution by local police agencies were used to identify those individuals who were subsequently prosecuted by the District Attorney. Data from working files on all cases prosecuted, including copies of police, court, and criminal history records as well as information on case prosecution, were used to describe criminal justice handling. Information from several supplementary sources was also included, such as the automated Prosecutors Management Information System (PROMIS) maintained by the District Attorney's Office, and court records from the Superior Court of California in Los Angeles County, the local felony court.

Curated

Participation in Illegitimate Activities: Ehrlich Revisited, 1960 (ICPSR 8677)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: United States

This study re-analyzes Isaac Ehrlich's 1960 cross-section data on the relationship between aggregate levels of punishment and crime rates. It provides alternative model specifications and estimations. The study examined the deterrent effects of punishment on seven FBI index crimes: murder, rape, assault, larceny, robbery, burglary, and auto theft. Socio-economic variables include family income, percentage of families earning below half of the median income, unemployment rate for urban males in the age groups 14-24 and 35-39, labor force participation rate, educational level, percentage of young males and non-whites in the population, percentage of population in the SMSA, sex ratio, and place of occurrence. Two sanction variables are also included: 1) the probability of imprisonment, and 2) the average time served in prison when sentenced (severity of punishment). Also included are: per capita police expenditure for 1959 and 1960, and the crime rates for murder, rape, assault, larceny, robbery, burglary, and auto theft.

Curated

Restricted

Person or Place? A Contextual, Event-History Analysis of Homicide Victimization Risk, United States, 2004-2012 (ICPSR 37079)

Released/updated on: 2018-09-25

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2004-01-01--2012-01-01, 2005-01-01--2012-01-01

The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of neighborhood social disorganization on the risk of homicide victimization, with focus on how community effects changed once individual-level characteristics were considered. This research integrated concepts from social disorganization theory, a neighborhood theory of criminal behavior, with concepts from lifestyle theory and individual theory of criminal behavior, by having examined the effects of both neighborhood-level predictors of disadvantage and individual attributes which may compel that person to behave in certain ways. The data for this secondary analysis project are from the 2004-2012 National Center for Health Statistics' (NCHS) National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) linked National Death Index-Multiple Causes of Death (MDC) data, which provided individual-level data on homicide mortality. Neighborhood-level (block group) characteristics of disadvantage that existed within each respondent's place of residence from the 2005-2009 and 2008-2012 American Community Surveys were integrated using restricted geographic identifiers from the NHIS.

As a syntax-only study, data included as part of this collection includes 38 SAS Program (syntax) files that were used by the researcher in analyses of external restricted-use data. The data are not included because they are restricted archival data from the NHIS from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention combined with publicly available American Community Survey (ACS) block group level data.

Curated

Police Response to Street Gang Violence in California: Improving the Investigative Process, 1985 (ICPSR 8934)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States, California

This data collection examines gang and non-gang homicides as well as other types of offenses in small California jurisdictions. Data are provided on violent gang offenses and offenders as well as on a companion sample of non-gang offenses and offenders. Two separate data files are supplied, one for participants and one for incidents. The participant data include age, gender, race, and role of participants. The incident data include information from the "violent incident data collection form" (setting, auto involvement, and amount of property loss), and the "group indicators coding form" (argot, tattoos, clothing, and slang terminology).

Curated

Re-examination of the Criminal Deterrent Effects of Capital Punishment in the United States, 1978-1998 (ICPSR 20040)

Released/updated on: 2008-01-31

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1978-01-01--1998-01-01

The purpose of this study was to estimate the deterrent effect of capital punishment by employing a methodology that accounted for model uncertainty by integrating various studies into a single coherent analysis. First, this study replicated the results from two previous studies, Dezhbakhsh, Rubin and Shepherd (2003) and Donohue and Wolfers (2005), that draw on the same data. Second, the researchers implemented model averaging methods using standard frequentist estimators to take a weighted average of the findings across all possible models that could explain the effect of the difference in crime rates under alternate laws. Each model's effect was weighted based on its ability to explain the data. Variables used in this study included deterrence variables as well as various demographic and economic control variables.

Curated

Retail-Level Heroin Enforcement and Property Crime in 30 Cities in Massachusetts, 1980-1986 (ICPSR 9667)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-30

Geographic coverage: United States, Massachusetts

Time period: 1980-01-01--1986-01-01

In undertaking this data collection, the principal investigators sought to determine (1) whether police enforcement against drug crimes, specifically heroin crimes, had any influence on the rates of nondrug crimes, and (2) what effect intensive law enforcement programs against drug dealers had on residents where those programs were operating. To achieve these objectives, data on crime rates for seven successive years were collected from police records of 30 cities in Massachusetts. Data were collected for the following offenses: murder, rape, robbery, assault, larceny, and automobile theft. The investigators also interviewed a sample of residents from 3 of those 30 cities. Residents were queried about their opinions of the most serious problem facing people today, their degree of concern about being victims of crime, and their opinions of the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies in handling drug problems.

Curated

Robberies in Chicago, 1982-1983 (ICPSR 8951)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Illinois

Time period: 1982-01-01--1983-01-01

This study investigates the factors and conditions in robbery events that cause victim injury or death. The investigators compare three robbery events: those that resulted in death, those that cause injury, and nonfatal robberies of all types. The events were compared on a variety of demographic variables. The data address the following questions: (1) To what extent are homicides resulting from robbery misclassified as homicides for which motives are undetermined? (2) How often do homicides resulting from robbery involve individuals who do not know each other? (3) Are robberies that involve illicit drugs more likely to result in the death of the victim? (4) To what extent does a weapon used in a robbery affect the probability that a victim will die? (5) To what extent does victim resistance affect the likelihood of victim death? (6) To what extent does robbery lead to physical injury? (7) Do individuals of different races suffer disproportionately from injuries resulting from robbery? (8) Are injuries and homicides resulting from robbery more likely to occur in a residence, commercial establishment, or on the street? (9) Are women or men more likely to be victims of homicide or injury resulting from robbery? (10) To what extent does robbery (with or without a homicide) occur between or within races? (12) How long does it take to solve robbery-related crimes? Major variables characterizing the unit of observation, the robbery event, include: location of the robbery incident, numbers of offenders and victims involved in the incident, victim's and offender's prior arrest and conviction histories, the extent of injury, whether or not drugs were involved in any way, type of weapon used, victim/offender relationship, and the extent of victim resistance.

Curated

Rural and Urban Trends in Family and Intimate Partner Homicide in the United States, 1980-1999 (ICPSR 4115)

Released/updated on: 2005-04-07

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1980-01-01--1999-01-01

This research project examined rural and urban trends in family and intimate partner homicide for the 20-year period from 1980 through 1999. The construct of place served as a backdrop against which changes in trends in family/partner homicide were tracked, and against which various independent measures that purportedly explain variation in the rates were tested. The project merged data from several sources. The offender data file from the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) Supplementary Homicide Report (SHR) series for 1980 through 1999 was the primary data source. Data for arrests for violent crime, drug, and alcohol-related offenses were obtained from the FBI Report A Arrest File. Population, population density, and race (and racial segregation) data from the decennial U.S. Census for 1980, 1990, and 2000 were also obtained. Data on hospitals, educational attainment, unemployment, and per capita income were obtained from the 2002 Area Resource File (ARF). The total number of proprietors (farm and non-farm) in the United States by state and county for each year were provided by the Regional Economic Profiles data. The project's population and proximity indicator used four categories: metropolitan, nonmetropolitan populations adjacent to a metropolitan area, nonmetropolitan populations not adjacent to a metropolitan area, and rural. Data include homicide rates for 1980 through 1999 for intimate partner homicide, family homicide, all other homicide, and all homicide. Additional variables are included as measures of community socioeconomic distress, such as residential overcrowding, isolation, traditionalist views of women and family, lack of access to health care, and substance abuse. Five-year averages are included for each of the rates and measures listed above.

Curated

Sentencing in Eight United States District Courts, 1973-1978 (ICPSR 8622)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1973-01-01--1978-01-01

This data collection provides information about sentencing patterns established by the United States District Courts for federal offenses. It is one of only a few studies that examine federal sentencing patterns, court involvement, sentencing, and criminal histories. Eleven types of crimes are included: bank robbery, embezzlement, income tax evasion, mail theft, forgery, drugs, random other, false claims, homicide, bribery of a public official, and mail fraud. There are three kinds of data files that pertain to the 11 types of crimes: psi files, offense files, and AO files. The psi files describe defendant demographic background and criminal history. The offense files contain questions tailored to a particular type of offense committed by a defendant and the results of conviction and sentencing. The AO files provide additional information on defendants' background characteristics, court records, and dates of court entry and exit.