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Parents, siblings, partners, and friends are often the first people to suspect a loved one is on the trajectory towards targeted violence or terrorism. These intimate bystanders are well positioned to facilitate prevention efforts if there are known and trusted reporting pathways to law enforcement or other resources. Little is known in the United States about the reporting processes for intimate bystanders to targeted violence or terrorism. This study is built on previous Australian and United Kingdom studies to understand the processes of intimate bystanders in the United States, in order to inform new, localized and contextually-sensitive understandings of and approaches to community reporting issues.

Qualitative-quantitative interviews were conducted from March 2021 to July 2021 virtually over Zoom with 123 community members living in California and Illinois. The researchers describe their perspectives on barriers, facilitators, and pathways. The study sought to enhance prior studies with a larger and more demographically-diverse sample. It included a focus on ISIS/Al-Qa'eda-inspired foreign-terrorism, White Power movement-inspired domestic terrorism, and--of particular relevance to the US---non-ideologically motivated targeted, workplace violence.

These data were collected as part of a mixed-methods study to develop a comprehensive youth bias crime violence exposure instrument, the Youth Bias Victimization Questionnaire (YBVQ). With input from a panel of violence and delinquency experts, the research team produced initial drafts of the questionnaire, then conducted focus groups and cognitive interviews with youth and young adults to inform development and item comprehension. To pilot test the YBVQ, a sample of 854 youth aged 11-21 were surveyed across three research sites: 1) Boston (n=262); 2) Philadelphia (n=318); and 3) Appalachian areas of Tennessee (n=274). This convenience sample was recruited using an intercept strategy, with a combination of recruitment occurring at youth-serving organizations, community festivals or events, and schools. Participants completed the YBVQ through a computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) on a tablet or through an online link to a web-based survey.

Only the pilot survey data are available in this collection. Measures include demographic variables (gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, age, grade level), bias victimization based on six potential target characteristics, incident specifics, witnessing bias victimization, school and neighborhood climate, alcohol use, resiliency, emotional distress, and other experiences of bias, microaggressions, and victimization.

This project convened experts and practitioners in the areas of program evaluation, radicalization to violent extremism, and social media analytics in order to generate and integrate scientifically derived knowledge into strategies for effective prevention and intervention against domestic radicalization and violent extremism in the United States. More specifically, we generated substantive evaluation data, which can be used by practitioners and policy makers to enhance the creation and dissemination of effective counter-narratives for reducing the threat of ideologically-motivated violence in the US. We used a mixed-methods approach to evaluate an existing nationwide initiative, Peer-to-Peer (P2P): Challenging Extremism, which aims at engaging youth in countering violent extremism in schools and online arenas.

The project had four specific objectives: 1) Evaluate the content and dissemination of the P2P Initiative social media products, 2) evaluate the impact of the P2P Initiative on youth engaged in its development, 3) evaluate the impact of youth exposure to the P2P educational activities, and 4) assess the drivers of success and barriers in the implementation of the initiative.

To complete these objectives, the following research phases were conducted:

A secondary review of 150 P2P social media products created between fall 2015 and spring 2017, including data on end-users interactivity.

Phone and in-person group interviews with faculty and students engaged in the P2P Initiative.

A prospective cohort study evaluating the impact of the Kombat with Kindness (KWK) campaign on Utah secondary school students, using a pre-post intervention design.

A randomized control study evaluating the impact of the Operation 250 (OP250) on Massachusetts secondary school students, using a pre-post intervention design.

Phone interviews with faculty who implemented the P2P Initiative.

The National Hate Crime Investigation Study (NHCIS) collected detailed data on hate crime investigations from law enforcement agencies (LEAs) across the United States. A nationally representative sample of 2,488 local, county, and state LEAs, stratified by agency type and size, were surveyed about agency-level characteristics and hate crime incidents investigated by their agency between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018.

Agency-level surveys collected information about the size of the population the agency serves, the number of full-time sworn officers, total number of hate crime cases reported, National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) participation, hate crime investigation policies and procedures, and whether the agency has conducted outreach to community or local advocacy groups on hate crimes. Case-level surveys and case report data abstraction then captured extensive data about 1,230 hate crime incidents, including crime scene details, investigative strategies, arrests, charges, and court outcomes.

Suspect and victim demographic information in the Case Data file includes sex, gender identity, age, race/ethnicity, religious affiliation, sexual orientation, disability status, and immigration status.

This study utilized respondent-driven sampling (RDS) among Compact of Free Association (COFA)-migrants in Hawaii to explore the harms of bias crimes on migrant communities. To examine the impacts of bias crimes on communities, the investigators examined the diffusion of negative psychological impacts, community impacts, and perceptions of safety for those who had been direct victims, those in the COFA-migrant community who are close to someone who has been a victim (proximal victim) but are not direct victims, and those who are members of the community but have not been a direct victim or know someone close to them who was a direct victim.

This study also examined the how negative impacts of bias crime ultimately impact the adaption of COFA-migrants who have immigrated in the attempt to build new lives in Hawaii.

The Longitudinal Examination of Victimization Experiences of Latinos (LEVEL) study surveyed Latino adults from four major cities across the United States to evaluate the past-year incidence and prevalence of bias or hate motivated victimization. This study is a follow-up to the Understanding and Measuring Bias Victimization Against Latinos study, ICPSR 37598, that was conducted in 2018-2019. The hope of this follow-up study, in conjunction with the original study "Wave 1", is to provide greater context into bias victimization by breaking apart the diverse nature of Latinx communities in regards to immigration status, language use, origin, acculturation, and enculturation.

This project sought to improve understanding of the characteristics of bias crime in the United States by collecting and analyzing data on a national sample of offenders. The database - The Bias Incidents and Actors Study (BIAS) - includes information on 966 adult offenders who committed hate crimes in the United States from 1990-2018. BIAS includes offenders who committed crimes that were motivated by bias based on (1) race, ethnicity, or ancestry; (2) religion; (3) sexual orientation, gender, or gender identity; (4) disability; and (5) age. BIAS includes more than 100 variable fields that cover all aspects of an offender's background, including their demographic characteristics, family dynamics, education and employment histories, mental health concerns, criminal records, peer associations, and hate group affiliations. BIAS also include details on the nature of the offender's crime, such as whether it was violent or non-violent, spontaneous or premeditated, or was perpetrated alone, with a group, or while under the influence of drugs and alcohol.

These files are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.

This study more thoroughly explored the unique nature of racially- and ethnically-motivated assaults than previous work focused on situational predictors, which was reliant on official statistics and lacked adequate comparison groups.

The data for this study came from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Agency-level data from Law Enforcement Management and Statistics (LEMAS) augmented the NIBRS data for one part of the analyses.

The NCVS contained self-reported incident-level crime data from a nationally representative victimization survey, while NIBRS contains officially-reported incident-level crime data.

There are no data files available with this study; only syntax files used by the researchers are provided.

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.

This study investigates experiences surrounding hate and bias crimes and incidents and reasons and factors affecting reporting and under-reporting among youth and adults in LGBT, immigrant, Hispanic, Black, and Muslim communities in New Jersey and Los Angeles County, California.

The collection includes 1 SPSS data file (QB_FinalDataset-Revised.sav (n=1,326; 513 variables)). The collection also contains 24 qualitative data files of transcripts from focus groups and interviews with key informants, which are not included in this release.

This study surveyed immigrant and non-immigrant populations residing in high Latino population communities in order to:

• Assess the nature and pattern of bias motivated victimization.
• Explore the co-occurrence of bias motivated victimization with other forms of victimization.
• Measure reporting and help-seeking behaviors of individuals who experience bias motivated victimization.
• Identify cultural factors which may contribute to the risk of bias victimization.
• Evaluate the effect of bias victimization on negative psychosocial outcomes relative to other forms of victimization.

In the United States, a number of challenges prevent an accurate assessment of the prevalence of hate crimes in different areas of the country. These challenges create huge gaps in knowledge about hate crime--who is targeted, how, and in what areas--which in turn hinder appropriate policy efforts and allocation of resources to the prevention of hate crime. In the absence of high-quality hate crime data, online platforms may provide information that can contribute to a more accurate estimate of the risk of hate crimes in certain places and against certain groups of people. Data on social media posts that use hate speech or internet search terms related to hate against specific groups has the potential to enhance and facilitate timely understanding of what is happening offline, outside of traditional monitoring (e.g., police crime reports). This study assessed the utility of Twitter data to illuminate the prevalence of hate crimes in the United States with the goals of (i) addressing the lack of reliable knowledge about hate crime prevalence in the U.S. by (ii) identifying and analyzing online hate speech and (iii) examining the links between the online hate speech and offline hate crimes.

The project drew on four types of data: recorded hate crime data, social media data, census data, and data on hate crime risk factors. An ecological framework and Poisson regression models were adopted to study the explicit link between hate speech online and hate crimes offline. Risk terrain modeling (RTM) was used to further assess the ability to identify places at higher risk of hate crimes offline.

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.

This study examines the experiences of Arab versus non-Arab households with crime and their relationships with and attitudes towards the police in their communities. Face to face interviews were conducted in 414 households. Data were analyzed to gauge respondents' level of fear regarding crime and other factors that affect their risk of victimization.

This collection includes one SPSS data file: "Arab_study_data.sav" with 201 variables and 414 cases and one SPSS syntax file: "Arab_study_syntax.sps".