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Applying Artificial Intelligence to Person-Based Policing Practices, 2019-2023 (ICPSR 39074)

Released/updated on: 2024-09-26

Time period: 2019-01-01--2023-12-31

In this project, the research team developed and evaluated an artificial intelligence (AI) tool using agent-based modeling methods for crime analysis and risk evaluation (CARE): CAREsim. The purpose of this tool was to improve the effectiveness of person-based patrol strategies, where police take preemptive actions upon selected high-risk individuals (determined based on factors known to police such as violent crime history) when predicted risks of committing crimes are high. CARESim was developed and tested with a simulated randomized controlled experiment within the jurisdiction of Hampton, Virginia. 240 high-risk individuals (120 in each group) were followed for a 12-month period, with the simulation lasting 23 months. The treatment group received additional crime analyses using the AI tool and more focused patrols, while the control group received analyses as usual and random patrols in the simulated environment. The tool was evaluated on a series of outcomes (e.g., number of crimes and arrests) comparing the control and treatment groups. This collection contains the simulated high-risk individual data (DS1) and the simulated crimes data (DS2) used for the experiment.

Curated

Restricted

Evaluation of the Community Supervision Mapping System for Released Prisoners in Rhode Island, 2008-2010 (ICPSR 32004)

Released/updated on: 2014-09-30

Geographic coverage: Rhode Island, United States

Time period: 2008-01-01--2010-12-31

This study evaluated the Community Supervision Mapping System (CSMS), an online geospatial tool that enables users to map the formerly incarcerated and others on probation, along with related data such as service provider locations and police districts. Probation officers in the state of Rhode Island were surveyed a few weeks before and 18 months after the implementation of CSMS. A total of 56 probation officers participated in the first wave of the study (pre-implementation survey), and 52 probation officers participated in the second wave (post-implementation survey), yielding an overall sample size of 108 probation officers. Dataset 1 contains the data for both waves of the study. The dataset is comprised of 140 variables. Both waves of the study examined the following categories of variables: the probation officer's professional background, contact with clients, amount of time spent on job duties specific to the profession, contact with other agencies, and computer usage. The second wave added 86 variables to explore officers' experiences with CSMS, which features they used, how it impacted their work, and their expected use of CSMS in the future.

Curated

Law Enforcement Assistance Administration Profile Data, [1968-1978] (ICPSR 8075)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Time period: 1968-01-01--1978-12-31

The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration File (PROFILE) System was designed for the automated storage and retrieval of information describing programs sponsored by the Bureau of Justice Statistics. The two types of data elements used to describe the projects in this file are basic data and program descriptors. The basic data elements include the title of the grant, information regarding the location of the grantee and the project, critical funding dates, the government level and type of grantee, financial data, the name of the project director, indication of the availability of reports, and identification numbers. The program descriptor elements form the program classification system and describe the key characteristics of the program. Key characteristics include subject of the program, primary and secondary activity, whether the program covered a juvenile or adult problem, and what specific crimes, clients, staff, program strategies, agencies, equipment, or research methods were to be used or would be affected by the project.

External data

School Crime Operations Package (School COP Software) (ICPSR 23543)

Released/updated on: 2008-10-09

Geographic coverage: United States

The School Crime Operations Package (School COP) is a software application developed by Abt Associates Inc. with funding from the National Institute of Justice. School COP is a free software package that persons responsible for school safety can use to enter, analyze, and map criminal incidents and school rule violations that occur in and around K-12 schools. School COP organizes information according to the data model that the United States Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics' Crime, Violence, and Discipline Reporting Task Force recommends. The School COP database includes data related to the incident (e.g., date, time, type, location) and to persons involved in the incident (e.g., name, grade, action taken). In other words, School COP is an incident-based system, rather than a student-based system. School COP offers a variety of techniques for analyzing school incidents, including tabular reports, bar graphs, pie charts, and maps. School COP can be installed on any Windows (95 or later) PC. It requires no other software to run, and is usable without formal training.

The origin of this project is an award to Abt Associates Inc. that was funded under the National Institute of Justice's (NIJ) June 1999 "Safe Schools Technology" solicitation, which requested proposals for innovative approaches to using technology to enhance the safety of our nation's elementary and secondary schools. School COP was initially released on CD-ROM in January 2001, and made available at the School COP Web site in June 2001. This Windows version of School COP was generally designed for individuals, for a single school, or for small offices within a school district. Abt Associates Inc. was subsequently awarded another grant in 2001 to enhance the School Crime Operations Package (School COP) and to conduct an evaluation of this software, which is used to enter and analyze incidents that occur on school campuses.

Two types of enhancements were made. First, an enhanced Windows version of School COP was developed that could run on a local- or wide-area network, thus allowing multiple users within a single school or across multiple schools to share a common School COP database. The enhanced Windows version also included two utilities: a Merge application (which enables a district-level School COP database to be constructed by merging several individual databases) and a Viewer application (which enables users to view -- but not add, edit, or delete -- incident information). Second, Web School COP was developed to meet the diverse information needs of persons charged with maintaining safe schools in large school districts, including persons at the school-level (e.g., principals, assistant principals, security officers, and school resource officers), the district-level (e.g., district-level administrators and security staff), as well as possibly parent organizations and state-level administrators. Web School COP was designed to run on either an Intranet (e.g., the school district's private Internet) or a secure third-party Web server, and was built to run on the current Microsoft Web platform.

The evaluation of School COP entailed case studies of six sites to address three main issues: (1) what decision process do sites go through when deciding whether to use School COP, (2) once the site decides to use School COP, what implementation obstacles exist, including those related to installation, customization, and training, and (3) what benefits do sites realize from using School COP.