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African American Experience of Sexual Assault in Maryland, 2003-2006 (ICPSR 25201)

Released/updated on: 2009-04-30

Geographic coverage: United States, Maryland

Time period: 2003-01-01--2006-01-01

The purpose of this study was to better understand the problem of sexual assault among African American women in Maryland, assess their use of available resources in response to sexual assault, and explore their use of alternative sources of care. Researchers interviewed 223 female victims of sexual assault (Part 1 and Part 2) between January 2004 and July 2005 and conducted 21 focus groups (Part 3) with sexual assault resource service providers between 2003 and 2006. Criteria for inclusion in the interview component (Part 1 and Part 2) of the study included: African American or Caucasian female, aged 18 and over, resident of Maryland, and victim of sexual assault. There were four streams of recruitment for the interview portion of the study:

Victims receiving services at one of 18 rape crisis centers located throughout the state of Maryland;
Community outreach sessions conducted by rape crisis center community educators;
Through community service providers, including those working in domestic violence centers, forensic nurse examiners (SAFE programs), probation and parole offices, reproductive health centers, county health departments, community services agencies, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and local colleges; and
Through three detention centers housing female inmates.

For Part 3 (Focus Group Qualitative Data), rape crisis center representatives and other community service provider representatives received a letter informing them that a focus group was going to be conducted at the end of their study training session and asked them for their participation. Part 1 (Victim Quantitative Data) includes items in the following categories: Personal Demographics, Details of the Sexual Assault, Medical Care, Law Enforcement, Prosecution/Court Process, Sexual Assault Center Services, Other Counseling Services, and Recommendations for Improvement. Part 2 (Victim Qualitative Data) includes responses to selected questions from Part 1. The data are organized by question, not by respondent. Part 3 (Focus Group Qualitative Data) includes questions on the needs of African American women who have been sexually assaulted, whether their needs are different from those of women of other racial/ethnic backgrounds, unique barriers to reporting sexual assault to police for African American women and their treatment by the criminal justice system, unique issues concerning the use of available resources by African American women, such as post-rape medical care and counseling services, and recommendations on how the state of Maryland could improve services for African American women who are the victims of sexual assault.

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Consequences of a Criminal Record for Employment Opportunity in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 2002 (ICPSR 3599)

Released/updated on: 2005-11-04

Geographic coverage: Milwaukee, United States, Wisconsin

This study examined employers' policies and practices for hiring entry-level workers in the Milwaukee metropolitan area. The study consisted of telephone interviews conducted in the spring of 2002 with 177 employers who had advertised entry-level openings in the prior six months. The survey included questions about the company, such as size, industry, employee turnover, and racial composition, questions about hiring procedures, questions about the last worker hired for a position not requiring a college degree, and questions about the employer's attitude toward various kinds of marginalized workers. An emphasis in the survey was placed on assessing employers' attitudes about and experience with applicants with criminal histories.

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Differences in the Validity of Self-Reported Drug Use Across Five Factors in Indianapolis, Fort Lauderdale, Phoenix, and Dallas, 1994 (ICPSR 2706)

Released/updated on: 2000-09-11

Geographic coverage: Indiana, United States, Texas, Fort Lauderdale, Phoenix, Florida, Dallas, Arizona, Indianapolis

This study investigated the accuracy of self-reported drug use in three ways. First, the researchers examined differences in the accuracy of self-reported drug use across five factors: gender, race, age, type of drug, and offense seriousness. Second, an attempt was made to determine the specific sources of inaccurate self-reports in terms of differences in underreporting and overreporting. Third, the researchers sought to explain differences in underreporting and overreporting in terms of true differences or differences in opportunity to underreport or overreport. This study used data collected in 1994 as part of the Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) Program [DRUG USE FORECASTING IN 24 CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES, 1987-1997 (ICPSR 9477)]. The DUF drug testing and measurement methodology allows the accuracy of self-reported drug use to be checked with a biological criterion, namely urine tests. The sample for this study consisted of 4,752 white and Black adults from Indianapolis, Ft. Lauderdale, Phoenix, and Dallas. The five exogenous measures included in this study were type of drug (marijuana vs. crack/cocaine), age (18 through 30 vs. 31 or over), offense seriousness (misdemeanor vs. felony), race (Black vs. white), and gender (male vs. female). The endogenous measures were accuracy (self-report and drug test both positive or both negative vs. otherwise), underreporting (self-report negative but drug test positive vs. otherwise), and overreporting (self-report positive but drug test negative vs. otherwise). Variables include result of marijuana urine test, result of cocaine/crack urine test, marijuana self-report, cocaine/crack self-report, age group, sex, race, offense category, and ethnic/gender group.

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The Healthy Adolescent Relationship Trajectories (HART) Study, Baltimore, Maryland, 2018-2021 (ICPSR 38273)

Released/updated on: 2023-05-30

Geographic coverage: Baltimore, United States, Maryland

Time period: 2018-01-01--2021-01-01

Teen dating violence (TDV) is a prevalent criminal justice problem. The field urgently needs more effective interventions that are relevant to the lives of diverse adolescents; developing these interventions requires understanding of how violent episodes unfold within the greater romantic context, which generally includes not only violence but also positive feelings and behaviors. This study recruited 144 urban, primarily African American adolescent females from disadvantaged communities between 16 and 19 years of age who reported being in a romantic relationship with TDV in the past month.

The objectives of this study include examining the inter-play between emotional connectedness, pro-relationship behaviors, jealousy and TDV victimization and perpetration. Specifically, researchers will (1A) determine the same day and previous day associations between adolescent females' perceptions of emotional connectedness (love, communication, dyadic trust, intimate self-disclosure, commitment and enmeshment), jealousy and TDV victimization and perpetration, (1B) compare the frequency and patterns of emotional connectedness and jealousy across relationships that initiate, continue and/or escalate TDV victimization and perpetration; (2A) determine the same day and previous day associations between adolescent females' reports of pro-relationship behaviors and TDV victimization and perpetration, (2B) compare the frequency and patterns of pro-relationship behaviors across relationships that initiate, continue and/or escalate TDV victimization and perpetration; and (3) determine cycles of rupture (TDV incidents) and repair within adolescent relationships over time.

Researchers leveraged the infrastructure from the prior NIJ grant to recruit participants from community venues in Baltimore that have been identified as locations where adolescent females congregate, as well as recruited in the Johns Hopkins Pediatric Emergency Department and online through social media posts. Eligible females with informed consent completed the baseline survey which includes socio-demographic questions about the participant and her partner. From baseline, participants completed four months of diaries by responding to daily web-based questions on their Smart Phone about TDV victimization and perpetration, emotional connectedness and pro-relationship behaviors.

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The Historically Black College and University Campus Sexual Assault (HBCU-CSA) Study, 2008 (ICPSR 31301)

Released/updated on: 2013-12-03

Geographic coverage: United States

The Historically Black College and University Campus Sexual Assault Study was undertaken to document the prevalence, personal and behavioral factors, context, consequences, and reporting of distinct forms of sexual assault. This study examined campus police and service provider perspectives on sexual victimization and student attitudes toward law enforcement and ideas about prevention and policy. The HBCU-CSA Study was a web survey administered in the fall semester of 2008 at 4 different colleges and universities. The participants included 3,951 undergraduate women and 88 staff from campus police, counseling centers, student health services, office of judicial affairs, women's center, office of the dean of students, and residential life.

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Intimate Partner Homicide in California, 1987-2000 (ICPSR 3501)

Released/updated on: 2003-06-19

Geographic coverage: United States, California

Time period: 1987-01-01--2000-01-01

Since 1976, the United States has witnessed a steady and precipitous decline in intimate partner homicides. This study builds on the work of Dugan et al. (1999, 2000) and Browne and Williams (1989) by examining, in greater detail, the relationship between intimate partner homicide and gender, race, criminal justice system response, and domestic violence services. Specifically, the study examines the net effect of criminal justice system response and federally-funded domestic violence shelters on victimization of white, African American, and Hispanic males and females. This study used aggregated data from the 58 counties in California from 1987 to 2000. Homicide data were gathered by the State of California Department of Justice, Criminal Justice Statistics Center. Data on domestic violence resources were obtained from the Governor's Office of Criminal Justice Planning, Domestic Violence Branch, in the form of detailed reports from domestic violence shelters in the state. Based on these records, the researchers computed the number of federally-funded shelter-based organizations in a given county over time. Data on criminal justice responses at the county level were gathered from the State of California Department of Justice, Criminal Justice Statistics Center. These data included domestic violence arrests and any convictions and incarceration that followed those arrests. The researchers disaggregated these criminal justice system measures by race and gender. In order to account for population differences and changes over time, rates were computed per 100,000 adults (age 18 and older).

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Longitudinal Study of Biosocial Factors Related to Crime and Delinquency, 1959-1962: [Pennsylvania] (ICPSR 8928)

Released/updated on: 2005-11-04

Geographic coverage: United States, Pennsylvania

Time period: 1959-01-01--1962-01-01

This study was designed to measure the effects of family background and developmental characteristics on school achievement and delinquency within a "high risk" sample of Black youths. The study includes variables describing the mother and the child. Mother-related variables assess prenatal health, pregnancy and delivery complications, and socioeconomic status. Child-related variables focus on the child at age 7 and include place in birth order, physical development, family constellation, socioeconomic status, verbal and spatial intelligence, and number of offenses.

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National Survey of Black Americans, 1979-1980 (ICPSR 8512)

Released/updated on: 2005-11-04

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1979-01-01--1980-01-01

The purpose of this data collection is to provide an appropriate theoretical and empirical approach to concepts, measures, and methods in the study of Black Americans. The questionnaire was developed over two years, with input from social scientists, students, and a national advisory panel of Black scholars. The final instrument encompasses several broad areas related to Black American life. The study explores neighborhood-community integration, services, crime and community contact, the role of religion and the church, physical and mental health, and self-esteem. It also examines employment, the effects of chronic unemployment, the effects of race on the job, and interaction with family and friends. In addition, the survey provides information on racial attitudes, race identity, group stereotypes, and race ideology. Demographic variables include education, income, occupation, and political behavior and affiliation.

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National Survey of Black Americans, Waves 1-4, 1979-1980, 1987-1988, 1988-1989, 1992 (ICPSR 6668)

Released/updated on: 2005-11-04

Geographic coverage: United States

The purpose of this data collection was to provide an appropriate theoretical and empirical approach to concepts, measures, and methods in the study of Black Americans. Developed with input from social scientists, students, and a national advisory panel of Black scholars, the survey investigates neighborhood-community integration, services, crime and community contact, the role of religion and the church, physical and mental health, self-esteem, life satisfaction, employment, the effects of chronic unemployment, the effects of race on the job, interaction with family and friends, racial attitudes, race identity, group stereotypes, and race ideology. Demographic variables include education, marital status, income, employment status, occupation, and political behavior and affiliation.

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Public Opinion on the Courts in the United States, 2000 (ICPSR 3864)

Released/updated on: 2006-12-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2000-03-22--2000-05-03

This study centered on two questions fundamental to understanding public opinion about the courts: (1) Do African Americans, Latinos, and Whites view the state courts differently? and (2) What impact did recent direct court experience have on people's opinions about state courts? Between March 22, 2000, and May 3, 2000, interviewers conducted 1,567 telephone interviews with randomly selected United States residents. Variables include respondents' gender, race, age, education, and other demographic information, respondents' perception of the fairness of local courts, including whether African Americans and Latinos were discriminated against, whether the respondent or a member of the respondent's household had been involved with the courts in the past 12 months, and if so, how fairly that case was conducted.

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Research on Minorities, [1981]: Race and Crime in Atlanta and Washington, DC (ICPSR 8459)

Released/updated on: 2005-11-04

Geographic coverage: District of Columbia, United States, Atlanta, Georgia

This data collection effort is an investigation of criminological and sociological factors within the Black community with a focus on the alleged high incidence of violent crime committed by Blacks. Four communities within Atlanta, Georgia, and four within Washington, DC, were selected for the study. Two communities in each area were designated high-crime areas, the other two low-crime areas. Variables include the respondents' opinions on the relationship of race and socioeconomic class to crime, their fear of crime and experiences with crime, and contacts and attitudes toward the police. Demographic data include respondents' gender and religion.

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Understanding the Violent Victimization Experiences of Young Men of Color, Illinois, 2016-2018 (ICPSR 37176)

Released/updated on: 2025-05-29

Geographic coverage: United States, Illinois

Time period: 2016-01-01--2017-07-02

This study began to address the gap in the knowledge base about the violent victimization experiences, and related outcomes, of young Black males, ages 18 to 24. This study had a goal of creating and pilot testing an instrument that measured those experiences. Phase 1 included: conducting focus groups and key informant meetings, reviewing related instrumentation literature, and completing a draft of the instrument.