Search results

Showing 1 – 18 of 18 results.

Curated

Affect, Reason, and Decision Making (ICPSR 24610)

Released/updated on: 2009-09-22

Geographic coverage: Oregon, United States, Australia

Time period: 1995-01-01--1995-12-31

This study examines the commonly observed inverse relationship between perceived risk and perceived benefit. The researchers proposed that this relationship occurs because people rely on affect when judging the risk and benefit of specific hazards. The study tested and confirmed the hypothesis that providing information designed to alter the favorability of one's overall affective evaluation of an item (say nuclear power, natural gas, and food preservatives) would systematically change the risk and benefit judgments for that item. The study suggests that people seem prone to using an "affect heuristic" which improves judgmental efficiency by deriving both risk and benefit evaluations from a common source -- affective reactions to the stimulus item.

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The Creation of Muhajirat in America: Social Media as a Platform for Crafting Gender-Specific Interventions for the Domestic Radicalization of Women, 5 countries, 1970-2018 (ICPSR 37682)

Released/updated on: 2021-06-30

Geographic coverage: New Zealand, Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Australia

Time period: 1970-01-01--2018-12-31

This study examines the radicalization of Western women to extremist violence, both through the creation of a moral-situational-action risk model and the examination of their responses to various types of online propaganda. The Moral-Situational-Action Risk Model for Extremist Violence (MSA-RMEV) was developed using situational action theory from criminology and violence risk practice literature. The MSA-RMEV revolves around three domains reflective of propensity, mobilization, and capacity building, geared towards providing a violence risk assessment that can assist the intelligence community in preventing future acts of violence.

A sample of women who self-identified as conservative, liberal, and Muslim were exposed to jihadist, alt-right, and alt-left online propaganda. Physiological responses and self-report assessments were recorded. Eye-gaze, pupil dilation, galvanic skin response, heart rate, and facial emotions were documented, along with women's judgment of their emotional, cognitive, and arousal states, while viewing propaganda.

Based on their results, women were categorized as high-risk, medium-risk, or low-risk for violence. Additionally, numerous variables were created to identify participant's beliefs and behavior related to radicalization. Beliefs included religiosity, political affiliation, the presence of moral emotions, sacred values, developmental maturity, and militant thinking. Behaviors included group affiliations, extent of involvement in extremist activities, and presence on social media platforms such as Facebook, Reddit, and Twitter. Demographic variables such as age, marital status, number of children, race, ethnicity, country of origin, and educational status were included.

Curated

Data Bank of Assassinations, 1948-1967 (ICPSR 5208)

Released/updated on: 2003-06-09

Geographic coverage: Myanmar, Cyprus, Cambodia, Sudan, Malaysia, Paraguay, Portugal, Iceland, Global, Syria, North Korea, Greece, South Korea, Austria, Yugoslavia, El Salvador, Morocco, Iran, Luxembourg, Panama, Brazil, Guatemala, Iraq, Chile, Laos, Ecuador, Colombia, Argentina, Hungary, Japan, Zambia, Ghana, India, Albania, New Zealand, Canada, Turkey, Belgium, Finland, Italy, Honduras, Peru, Germany, Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, United States, Egypt, China (Peoples Republic), Thailand, Bolivia, Libya, Costa Rica, Saudi Arabia, Netherlands, Sweden, Pakistan, Ireland, Poland, France, Jordan, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Romania, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, Philippines, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Spain, Lebanon, Liberia, Cuba, Venezuela, Czech Republic, Nicaragua, Norway, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Zimbabwe, Israel, Australia, Soviet Union, Indonesia

Time period: 1948-01-01--1967-12-31

This study contains data on 409 assassination events that occurred in 84 countries in the period 1948-1967. The data cover plotted, attempted, or actual assassinations of prominent public figures, such as top government officeholders and military figures, leaders of large trade unions or religious movements, and leaders of minority groups. For each event, information is provided on the country, date, and location of occurrence, the issue involved, the identity of the assassin and of the target, such as the type of group to which the assassin belonged and the political and social position of the target, and the outcome of the event.

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Development of Next-Generation Fingermark Lifters and On-the-Spot Visualization Devices, Australia and United States, 2017-2021 (ICPSR 38316)

Released/updated on: 2023-02-13

Geographic coverage: United States, Australia

Time period: 2017-01-01--2021-12-31

Fingermark identification remains one of the most important and unambiguous approaches to place perpetrators at crime scenes. While a great number of forensic techniques for the visualization of latent marks already exist, they all suffer from one or more shortcomings such as: limited applicability with regard to the age of a mark or the nature of the surface it was deposited on ("substrate"); the requirement of expensive laboratory equipment and special training; and the potential to alter or even destroy evidence, or at least leave a visible record of their application.

The goal of this project was to develop and validate novel fingermark lifters, which allow instantaneous, on-the-spot visualization of marks. The underlying detection principle used with these lifters is based on the reaction of either pH-sensitive or amine-reactive substances - immobilized on suitable solid supports such as membranes - with chemicals contained in fingermark residues (e.g., lactic acid, amino acids, proteins, and amino sugars). The exposure of appropriate reagents to such an environment causes a change in their spectroscopic properties, which can be seen, depending on the type of reagent, either under ambient or luminescent light conditions.

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Effectiveness of Restorative Justice Principles in Juvenile Justice: A Meta-Analysis (ICPSR 37000)

Released/updated on: 2018-12-19

Geographic coverage: United States, United Kingdom, Australia

The objective of this study was to systematically review and statistically synthesize all available research that, at a minimum, compared participants in a restorative justice program to participants processed in a more traditional way using meta-analytic methods. Ideally, these studies would include research designs with random assignment to condition groups, as this provides the most credible evidence of program effectiveness.

The systematic search identified 99 publications, both published and unpublished, reporting on the results of 84 evaluations nested within 60 unique research projects or studies. Results were extracted from these studies, related to delinquency, non-delinquency, and victim outcomes for the youth and victims participating in these programs.

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Examining the Structure, Organization, and Processes of the International Market for Stolen Data, 2007-2012 (ICPSR 35002)

Released/updated on: 2017-06-15

Geographic coverage: Canada, United States, Europe, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia

Time period: 2007-01-01--2012-12-31

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.

This study was designed to understand the economic and social structure of the market for stolen data on-line. This data provides information on the costs of various forms of personal information and cybercrime services, the payment systems used, social organization and structure of the market, and interactions between buyers, sellers, and forum operators. The PIs used this data to assess the economy of stolen data markets, the social organization of participants, and the payment methods and services used.

The study utilized a sample of approximately 1,900 threads generated from 13 web forums, 10 of which used Russian as their primary language and three which used English. These forums were hosted around the world, and acted as online advertising spaces for individuals to sell and buy a range of products. The content of these forums were downloaded and translated from Russian to English to create a purposive, yet convenient sample of threads from each forum.

The collection contains 1 SPSS data file (ICPSR Submission Economic File SPSS.sav) with 39 variables and 13,735 cases and 1 Access data file (Social Network Analysis File Revised 04-11-14.mdb) with a total of 16 data tables and 199 variables.

Qualitative data used to examine the associations and working relationships present between participants at the micro and macro-level are not available at this time.

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International Crime Victimization Survey (ICVS), 1989-2000 (ICPSR 3803)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: Cambodia, United States, Wales, England, Scotland, Portugal, Global, Russia, Netherlands, South Korea, Sweden, Mongolia, Latvia, Mozambique, Panama, Poland, Slovenia, France, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Lesotho, Croatia, Colombia, Argentina, Romania, Hungary, Georgia (Republic), Philippines, Ukraine, Zambia, Belarus, Northern Ireland, Switzerland, Albania, Canada, Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Belgium, Swaziland, Namibia, Botswana, Finland, Denmark, South Africa, Uganda, Australia, Estonia

Time period: 1989-01-01--1989-12-31, 1992-01-01--1992-12-31, 1996-01-01--1996-12-31, 2000-01-01--2000-12-31

The International Crime Victim Survey (ICVS) is a far-reaching program of fully standardized surveys investigating householders' experience of crime in different countries. The data were collected in four waves: 1989, 1992, 1996, and 2000. The main focus of the ICVS is whether the respondent was a victim of theft of or from vehicles, other thefts, vandalism, robbery, pickpocketing, sexual harassment or violence, or assault. The surveys also investigated the frequency of victimization, reasons for not reporting a crime to the police, familiarity with the offender in the case of a sexual offense, physical violence, injuries, fear of crime in the respondent's local area, use of help agencies for victims, satisfaction with police behavior, preferred legal sanctions, punishment, and length of detention for offenders, safety precautions when leaving home, possession of a gun, burglar alarm, or insurance, and frequency of going out. Some of the 2000 surveys were administered nationally and some were restricted to a main city within a given country. The ICVS National Survey Data cover the following countries: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Catalonia, Denmark, England and Wales, Finland, France, Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Poland, Portugal, Scotland, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. The ICVS City Survey Data cover the following countries: Albania, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Latvia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Mongolia, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Panama, Philippines, Poland, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, Ukraine, and Zambia.

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International Crime Victim Survey (ICVS), 1989-1997 (ICPSR 2973)

Released/updated on: 2001-08-24

Geographic coverage: Chechnya, Wales, England, Paraguay, Kazakhstan, Global, Austria, Mongolia, Latvia, Yugoslavia, El Salvador, Brazil, Slovenia, Colombia, Argentina, Hungary, Georgia (Republic), Japan, Ukraine, Tanzania, Belarus, Northern Ireland, India, Albania, New Zealand, Canada, Belgium, Finland, South Africa, Italy, Macedonia, Germany, United States, Egypt, China (Peoples Republic), Scotland, Bolivia, Russia, Costa Rica, Malta, Netherlands, Sweden, Poland, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Tunisia, Kyrgyzstan, Croatia, Romania, Philippines, Switzerland, Spain, Norway, Botswana, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Australia, Indonesia, Estonia

The International Crime Victim Survey (ICVS) was a far-reaching program of standardized sample surveys that investigated householders' experiences with crime, policing, crime prevention, and perceptions of safety. The surveys were carried out in the following countries: Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chechnia, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Egypt, England and Wales, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany (West), Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Mongolia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Norway, Paraguay, the Philippines, Poland, Rumania, Russia, Scotland, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine, the United States, Yugoslavia, and Zimbabwe. The data were collected in three waves: 1989, 1992-1994, and 1995-1997. The main focus of the ICVS was whether the respondent was a victim of theft of or from vehicles, other thefts, vandalism, robbery, pickpocketing, sexual harassment or violence, or assault. The surveys also investigated the frequency of victimization, reasons for not reporting a crime to the police, familiarity with the offender in the case of a sexual offense, physical violence, injuries, fear of crime in the respondent's local area, use of help agencies for victims, satisfaction with police behavior, preferred legal sanctions, punishment, and length of detention for offenders, safety precautions when leaving home, possession of a gun, burglar alarm, or insurance, and frequency of going out.

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International Victimization Survey, 1988 and 1992 (ICPSR 9421)

Released/updated on: 2005-11-04

Geographic coverage: United States, Japan, England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Switzerland, Global, Spain, New Zealand, Canada, Netherlands, Czech Republic, Belgium, Norway, Finland, Poland, Italy, Slovakia, Australia, France, Germany

This survey was undertaken in 1988 and 1992 to compare crime rates for industrialized countries and to assess national crime problems by providing a crime index independent of police statistics. Fifteen countries participated in the 1988 survey, and 13 countries were included in 1992. A standardized survey instrument was employed, with Japan, Czechoslovakia, and Poland using questionnaires and sampling methods that varied slightly from the rest. The data include variables such as number of people in the household, sex of the respondent, and number of respondents in the household 16 years of age and older as well as under 16. Additional household demographic variables include employment, education, income, insurance, and city size. Crimes covered include motor vehicle theft and damage, motor bicycle theft and damage, bicycle theft and damage, housebreaking, violence, robberies, assaults, and attempts. Victim-offender relationships, crime prevention techniques, and police contact variables are also provided.

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Rehabilitation Programs for Adult Offenders: A Meta-Analysis in Support of Guidelines for Effective Practice, 5 Countries, 1950-2014 (ICPSR 37281)

Released/updated on: 2019-10-29

Geographic coverage: New Zealand, Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Australia

Time period: 1950-01-01--2014-12-31

This is a comprehensive meta-analysis of available research on the effects of intervention programs for adult offenders, which is based on 801 eligible controlled studies reported through 2014 identified by researchers. Variables describing the intervention, participating offender samples, research methods, and effects found on a range of outcome constructs were coded into a database for analysis. The major outcome categories examined were recidivism, substance use, employment, mental health, anger/hostility, and aggression/violence. Broad intervention approaches included those such as cognitive behavioral, structured group, counseling, and drug court programs.

The meta-analysis seeks to examine outcomes of various types of interventions and identify the characteristics of programs and participants most closely associated with positive outcomes. It seeks to use the findings to construct and obtain feedback on effective practice guidelines within the adult correctional system.

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Reintegrative Shaming Experiments (RISE) in Australia, 1995-1999 (ICPSR 2993)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-30

Geographic coverage: Australia

Time period: 1995-01-01--1999-12-31

The Reintegrative Shaming Experiments (RISE) project compared the effects of standard court processing with the effects of a restorative justice intervention known as conferencing for four kinds of cases: drunk driving (over .08 blood alcohol content) at any age, juvenile property offending with personal victims, juvenile shoplifting offenses detected by store security officers, and youth violent crimes (under age 30). Reintegrative shaming theory underpins the conferencing alternative. It entails offenders facing those harmed by their actions in the presence of family and friends whose opinions they care about, discussing their wrongdoing, and making repayment to society and to their victims for the costs of their crimes, both material and emotional. These conferences were facilitated by police officers and usually took around 90 minutes, compared with around ten minutes for court processing time. The researchers sought to test the hypotheses that (1) there would be less repeat offending after a conference than after a court treatment, (2) victims would be more satisfied with conferences than with court, (3) both offenders and victims would find conferences to be fairer than court, and (4) the public costs of providing a conference would be no greater than, and perhaps less than, the costs of processing offenders in court. This study contains data from ongoing experiments comparing the effects of court versus diversionary conferences for a select group of offenders. Part 1, Administrative Data for All Cases, consists of data from reports by police officers. These data include information on the offender's attitude, the police station and officer that referred the case, blood alcohol content level (drunk driving only), offense type, and RISE assigned treatment. Parts 2-5 are data from observations by trained RISE research staff of court and conference treatments to which offenders had been randomly assigned. Variables for Parts 2-5 include duration of the court or conference, if there was any violence or threat of violence in the court or conference, supports that the offender and victim had, how much reintegrative shaming was expressed, the extent to which the offender accepted guilt, if and in what form the offender apologized (e.g., verbal, handshake, hug, kiss), how defiant or sullen the offender was, how much the offender contributed to the outcome, what the outcome was (e.g., dismissed, imprisonment, fine, community service, bail release, driving license cancelled, counseling program), and what the outcome reflected (punishment, repaying community, repaying victims, preventing future offense, restoration). Data for Parts 6 and 7, Year 0 Survey Data from Non-Drunk-Driving Offenders Assigned to Court and Conferences and Year 0 Survey Data from Drunk-Driving Offenders Assigned to Court and Conferences, were taken from interviews with offenders by trained RISE interview staff after the court or conference proceedings. Variables for Parts 6 and 7 include how much the court or conference respected the respondent's rights, how much influence the respondent had over the agreement, the outcome that the respondent received, if the court or conference solved any problems, if police explained that the respondent had the right to refuse the court or conference, if the respondent was consulted about whom to invite to court or conference, how the respondent was treated, and if the respondent's respect for the justice system had gone up or down as a result of the court or conference. Additional variables focused on how nervous the respondent was about attending the court or conference, how severe the respondent felt the outcome was, how severe the respondent thought the punishment would be if he/she were caught again, if the respondent thought the court or conference would prevent him/her from breaking the law, if the respondent was bitter about the way he/she was treated, if the respondent understood what was going on in the court or conference, if the court or conference took account of what the respondent said, if the respondent felt pushed around by people with more power, if the respondent felt disadvantaged because of race, sex, age, or income, how police treated the respondent when arrested, if the respondent regretted what he/she did, if the respondent felt ashamed of what he/she did, what his/her family, friends, and other people thought of what the respondent did, and if the respondent had used drugs or alcohol the past year. Demographic variables in this data collection include offender's country of birth, gender, race, education, income, and employment.

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A Systematic Analysis of Product Counterfeiting Schemes, Offenders, and Victims, 43 states and 42 countries, 2000-2015 (ICPSR 37177)

Released/updated on: 2021-07-07

Geographic coverage: North Carolina, Indiana, England, Utah, Bahamas, Greece, South Korea, Latvia, Panama, Arizona, Montana, Japan, Kentucky, Belize, California, Kansas, Florida, India, Pennsylvania, New Zealand, Canada, Iowa, Turkey, Belgium, Illinois, Texas, Taiwan, Connecticut, Finland, South Africa, Italy, Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, Germany, Idaho, Oregon, Puerto Rico, Hong Kong, United States, Oklahoma, Tennessee, China (Peoples Republic), Alabama, Thailand, Washington, South Carolina, Russia, Nebraska, Costa Rica, Saudi Arabia, West Virginia, Netherlands, Sweden, Pakistan, Massachusetts, Ireland, Colorado, Missouri, Kuwait, France, Jordan, North Dakota, Wisconsin, Nevada, Rhode Island, South Dakota, United Kingdom, Minnesota, New York (state), Switzerland, New Jersey, Michigan, Spain, Palestine, Lebanon, Cuba, Venezuela, New Mexico, New Hampshire, Louisiana, Mexico, Ohio, Israel, Australia

Time period: 2000-01-01--2015-12-31

Product counterfeiting is the fraudulent reproduction of trademark, copyright, or other intellectual property related to tangible products without the authorization of the producer and motivated by the desire for profit. This study create a Product Counterfeiting Database (PCD) by assessing multiple units of analysis associated with counterfeiting crimes from 2000-2015: (1) scheme; (2) offender (individual); (3) offender (business); (4) victim (consumer); and (5) victim (trademark owner). Unique identification numbers link records for each unit of analysis in a relational database.

The collection contains 5 Stata files and 1 Excel spreadsheet file.

Scheme-Data.dta (n=196, 35 variables)
Offender-Individual-Data.dta (n=551, 16 variables)
Offender-Business-Data.dta (n=310, 5 variables)
Victim-Consumer-Data.dta (n=54, 8 variables)
Victim-Trademark-Owner-Data.dta (n=146, 5 variables)
Relational-Data.xlsx (4 spreadsheet tabs)

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Simple Crosstabs

Systematic Review of School-Based Programs to Reduce Bullying and Victimization, 1983-2009 (ICPSR 31703)

Released/updated on: 2014-01-24

Geographic coverage: United States, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Global, Spain, New Zealand, Greece, Canada, Czech Republic, Norway, Ireland, Finland, South Africa, Italy, Slovakia, Australia, Germany

Time period: 1983-01-01--2009-12-31

The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of school-based anti-bullying programs in reducing school bullying. The following criteria were used for the inclusion of studies in the systematic review: the study described an evaluation of a program designed specifically to reduce school (kindergarten to high school) bullying; bullying was defined as including: physical, verbal, or psychological attack or intimidation that is intended to cause fear, distress, or harm to the victim; and an imbalance of power, with the more powerful child (or children) oppressing less powerful ones; bullying (specifically) was measured using self-report questionnaires, peer ratings, teacher ratings, or observational data; the effectiveness of the program was measured by comparing students who received it (the experimental condition) with a comparison group of students who did not receive it (the control condition). There must have been some control of extraneous variables in the evaluation by (1) randomization, or (2) pre-test measures of bulling, or (3) choosing some kind of comparable control condition; published and unpublished reports of research conducted in developed countries between 1983 and 2009 were included; and it was possible to measure the effect size. Several search strategies were used to identify 89 anti-bully studies meeting the criteria for inclusion in this review: researchers searched for the names of established researchers in the area of bullying prevention; researchers conducted a keyword search of 18 electronic databases; researchers conducted a manual search of 35 journals, either online or in print, from 1983 until the end of May 2009; and researchers sought information from key researchers on bullying and from international colleagues in the Campbell Collaboration. Studies included in the review were coded for the following key features: research design, sample size, publication date, location of the study, average age of the children, and the duration and intensity of the anti-bullying program for both the children and the teachers.

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Systematic Review of the Effects of Early Family/Parent Training Programs on Antisocial Behavior and Delinquency, 1976-2007 (ICPSR 31702)

Released/updated on: 2012-05-07

Geographic coverage: Sweden, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Global

Time period: 1976-01-01--2007-12-31

The purpose of this review was to assess the available research evidence on the effects of early family/parent training on child behavior problems including antisocial behavior and delinquency and to investigate in which settings and under what conditions it is most effective. Researchers used the following 7 search strategies to identify 55 studies meeting the inclusion criteria for this review: performed a keyword search on an array of online abstact databases; reviewed the bibliographies of previous reviews of early family/parent training programs; performed forward searches for works that have cited seminal studies in this area; performed hand searches of leading journals in the field; searched the publications of several research and professional agencies; contacted scholars in various disciplines who were knowledgeable in the specific area of early family/parent training; and consulted with an information specialists at the outset of the review and at points along the way in order to ensure that the appropriate search strategies were used. Both published and unpublished reports were considered in the searches. Searches were international in scope. All eligible studies were coded on a variety of criteria including: reference information, nature and description of selection of sample, outcomes, etc., nature and description of control group, methodological type, a description of the family/parent intervention, reports of statistical significance (if any), effect size/power (if any), and the conclusions drawn by the authors.

Curated

Systematic Review of the Effects of Parental Imprisonment on Child Antisocial Behavior and Mental Health, 1960-2008 (ICPSR 31704)

Released/updated on: 2012-05-07

Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Tennessee, United Kingdom, California, Global, Washington, Stockholm, Copenhagen, Netherlands, Sweden, Brisbane, Illinois, Texas, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Denmark, London, Georgia, Australia, Virginia, Boston, Richmond

Time period: 1960-01-01--2008-12-31

The two main aims for the review were to assess evidence on whether parental imprisonment is a risk factor for undesirable child outcomes and to assess evidence on whether parental imprisonment is a causal risk factor. A third aim of the review was to investigate whether associations between parental imprisonment and child outcomes differ according to child, parent, and environmental characteristics. Between June and September 2008, researchers searched for studies that met the eligibility criteria. Several strategies were used to conduct an exhaustive search for eligible studies. Researchers started with an existing set of documents collected by Joseph Murray during his previous research on the effects of parental imprisonment on children and then used three methods to search for additional studies. First, researchers searched 23 electronic databases for the years 1960-2008. The same keywords were used to search each database. Second, researchers examined bibliographies of previous reviews of studies on the effects of parental imprisonment on children. Third, researchers contacted experts in the field. Two groups of researchers and practitioners were emailed and asked to inform researchers of any studies they thought might be eligible for the review. The 16 studies included in the review were coded for the following key features: reference information, sample characteristics, details about the measure of parental imprisonment, details of subsamples, and multiple comparisons made in the study, details of the comparison group(s) used to derive effect sizes, types of outcome measured, and measurement details, methods used to control for confounding variables to estimate causal effects, methodological quality of the study for drawing conclusions about risk factors and causal risk factors, and statistical information used to derive an effect size.

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Systematic Review of the Effects of Problem-Oriented Policing on Crime and Disorder, 1985-2006 (ICPSR 31701)

Released/updated on: 2011-08-22

Geographic coverage: Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Israel, Australia, Global

Time period: 1985-01-01--2006-12-31

The purpose of this study was to synthesize the extant problem-oriented policing evaluation literature and assess the effects of problem-oriented policing on crime and disorder. Several strategies were used to perform an exhaustive search for literature fitting the eligibility criteria. Researchers performed a keyword search on an array of online abstract databases, reviewed the bibliographies of past reviews of problem-oriented policing (POP), performed forward searches for works that have cited seminal problem-oriented policing studies, performed hand searches of leading journals in the field, searched the publication of several research and professional agencies, and emailed the list of studies meeting the eligibility criteria to leading policing scholars knowledgeable in the the area of problem-oriented policing to ensure relevant studies had not been missed. Both Part 1 (Pre-Post Study Data, n=52) and Part 2 (Quasi-Experimental Study Data, n=19) include variables in the following categories: reference information, nature and description of selection site, problems, etc., nature and description of selection of comparison group or period, unit of analysis, sample size, methodological type, description of the POP intervention, statistical test(s) used, reports of significance, effect size/power, and conclusions drawn by the authors.

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Systematic Review of the Effects of Second Responder Programs, 1992-2007 (ICPSR 31641)

Released/updated on: 2011-08-22

Geographic coverage: United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Global

Time period: 1992-01-01--2007-12-31

The purpose of this systematic review was to compile and synthesize published and unpublished empirical studies of the effects of second responder programs on repeat incidents of family violence. The researchers employed multiple strategies to search for literature that met the eligibility criteria. A keyword search was performed on a variety of online databases. Researchers reviewed the bibliographies of all second responder studies they located. Researchers performed hand searches of leading journals in the field and searched the Department of Justice Office of Violence Against Women Web site for a listing of federally-funded second responded programs and any evaluations conducted on those programs. A total of 22 studies that discussed second responder programs were found by the research team. Of these, 12 were eliminated from the sample because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, leaving a final sample of 10 studies. After collecting an electronic or paper copy of each article or report, researchers extracted pertinent data from each eligible article using a detailed coding protocol. Two main outcome measures were available for a sufficient number of studies to permit meta-analysis. One outcome was based on police data (Part 1: Police Data, n=9), for example whether a new domestic violence incident was reported to the police in the form of a crime report within six months of the triggering incident. The second outcome was based on survey data (Part 2: Interview Data, n=8), for example whether a new domestic violence incident occurred and was reported to a researcher during an interview within six months of the triggering incident. Several of studies (n=7) included in the meta-analysis had both outcome measures.

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United Nations World Crime Surveys: Fifth Survey, 1990-1994 (ICPSR 3686)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: Papua New Guinea, Cambodia, Paraguay, Kazakhstan, Syria, Solomon Islands, Bahamas, Mali, Marshall Islands, Panama, Laos, Argentina, Seychelles, Zambia, Belize, Bahrain, Guinea-Bissau, Namibia, Finland, Comoros, Yemen, Eritrea, China (Peoples Republic), Madagascar, Ivory Coast, Libya, Western Samoa, Sweden, Malawi, Andorra, Liechtenstein, Poland, Jordan, Bulgaria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Tuvalu, Kenya, Lebanon, Djibouti, Brunei, Azerbaijan, Cuba, Czech Republic, Mauritania, Saint Lucia, Israel, San Marino, Australia, Tajikistan, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Malaysia, Iceland, Global, Oman, Armenia, Gabon, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Slovenia, Antigua and Barbuda, Ecuador, Colombia, Moldova, Vanuatu, Italy, Honduras, Micronesia (Federated States), Nauru, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Singapore, Russia, Netherlands, Kyrgyzstan, Reunion, Bhutan, Romania, Togo, Philippines, Uzbekistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zimbabwe, Indonesia, Dominica, Benin, Angola, Sudan, Portugal, North Korea, Grenada, Greece, Mongolia, Latvia, Morocco, Iran, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Guatemala, Guyana, Iraq, Chile, Nepal, Georgia (Republic), Ukraine, Tanzania, Ghana, India, Canada, Maldives, Turkey, Belgium, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Turkmenistan, Germany, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), Fiji, Hong Kong, United States, Guinea, Chad, Somalia, Sao Tome and Principe, Thailand, Equatorial Guinea, Kiribati, Costa Rica, Kuwait, Nigeria, Croatia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, Cook Islands, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Spain, Liberia, Venezuela, Burkina Faso, Swaziland, Palau, Estonia, Niue, South Korea, Austria, Mozambique, El Salvador, Monaco, Lesotho, Tonga, Hungary, Japan, Belarus, Mauritius, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Macedonia, Ethiopia, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Malta, Saudi Arabia, Cape Verde, Pakistan, Gambia, Ireland, Qatar, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, France, Lithuania, Saint Kitts-Nevis, Niger, Rwanda, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Barbados, Norway, Botswana, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Suriname

Time period: 1990-01-01--1994-12-31

The Fifth United Nations Survey, covering the years 1990-1994, was designed to collect data on the incidence of reported crime and the operation of criminal justice systems with a view to improving the dissemination of that information globally. To that end, the survey facilitates an overview of trends and interrelationships among various parts of the criminal justice system to promote informed decision-making in its administration, nationally and crossnationally. Variables describe combined police and prosecution expenditure by year and by country, number of police personnel by gender, total number of homicides by country and by city, number of assaults, rapes, robberies, thefts, burglaries, frauds, and embezzlements, amount of drug crime, number of people formally charged with crime, age of suspects, number and gender of prosecutors, number of individuals prosecuted and the types of crimes prosecuted, gender and age of individuals prosecuted, types of courts, number of individuals convicted and acquitted, numbers sentenced to capital punishment and various other punishments, number of convictions on various charges, number of individuals sentenced and in detention, number of prisoners, sentence lengths, and prison demographics.