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Long-Term Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Risk-Needs Assessment and Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) Reforms in Juvenile Probation: The Long-Term RNR-Impact Study, Louisiana and Pennsylvania, 2008-2017 (ICPSR 37974)

Released/updated on: 2023-07-13

Geographic coverage: United States, Louisiana, Pennsylvania

Time period: 2008-01-01--2017-01-01

The Long-Term Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) Impact Study was a pre-post, quasi-experimental study of the impact of the implementation of risk-needs assessment (RNA) and risk-need-responsivity-related (RNR) case management in 5 juvenile probation offices in 2 states. This study used 3 time points (pre-implementation, 1st year post-implementation, and 7th-year post-implementation) to examine the 7-year sustainability of impacts on system-responses (rates of informal processing, different dispositions, and out-of-home placements), youth outcomes (school and employment), and recidivism; as well as cost-effectiveness.

This study also examined whether there was a significant difference in the impacts of implementation after 7 years between probation offices that were effective versus ineffective in their first year of implementation.

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Validation of Risk Assessment Tools for Predicting Re-offending at Different Developmental Periods, 1951-2010 (ICPSR 32761)

Released/updated on: 2014-02-26

Geographic coverage: North Carolina, Canada, Netherlands, United States, Connecticut

Time period: 1951-01-01--2010-01-01

The study was a secondary data analysis examining the accuracy of risk assessment tools in predicting re-offending during early adulthood (age 18 to 25 years) compared to their accuracy in predicting re-offending during adolescence (age 12-17 years; youth tools only) or in later adulthood (older than 25 years, adult tools only). The investigators combined datasets that involved the same risk assessment tools. The adolescent risk assessment tools included the North Carolina Assessment of Risk (NCAR), the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI), and the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk for Youth (SAVRY). The adult risk assessment tools included the Historical Clinical Risk Management-20 items (HCR-20) and the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG). Using the datasets, the study examined the following recidivism outcomes: (1) any type of re-offending (excluded status offenses), and (2) violent re-offending specifically.

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Youth Protective Factors Study: A Strategy for Promoting Success Based on Risks, Strengths, and Development, Pennsylvania, Virginia and Wisconsin, 2014-2024 (ICPSR 39391)

Released/updated on: 2026-02-03

Geographic coverage: United States, Virginia, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania

Time period: 2014-01-01--2024-01-01

The Youth Protective Factors Study was a multistate examination of risk-need-responsivity and positive youth justice approaches and whether or not the effectiveness of these strategies varied by youths aged ten to 23 years old. In collaboration with the research labs at UMass Chan Medical and UC-Berkeley, the Council of State Governments Justice Center, and juvenile justice agencies in the three project states, the project examined violent recidivism after youths' juvenile justice involvement via two studies. One, a retrospective study involving over 30,000 juveniles to lengthen follow-up periods. Two, a prospective study of 3,380 youths referred to juvenile justice systems to obtain measures of protective factors and service participation. Variables included educational history, criminal background, behavioral measures, recidivism, family, and substance use. Additionally, age, gender, race, and ethnicity demographics were collected.