National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Parks by Census Tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 2018 (ICPSR 38586)

Name: National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Parks by Census Tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 2018
Published: 2022-12-15
License: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/studies/38586/terms

Version Date: Dec 15, 2022 View help for published

Principal Investigator(s): View help for Principal Investigator(s)
Robert Melendez, University of Michigan. Institute for Social Research; Mao Li, University of Michigan. Institute for Social Research; Anam Khan, University of Michigan. Institute for Social Research; Iris Gomez-Lopez, University of Michigan. Institute for Social Research; Philippa Clarke, University of Michigan. Institute for Social Research; Megan Chenoweth, University of Michigan. Institute for Social Research

Series:

National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA)

https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR38586.v1

Version V1 (see more versions)

V2 [2023-11-29]
V1 [2022-12-15] unpublished

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Additional information about this collection can be found in Version History.

2022-12-15 ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:

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Summary View help for Summary

Prior research has demonstrated that access to parks and greenspace can have a positive impact on many aspects of and contributors to health, including physical activity levels (Kaczynski et al., 2007), healthy aging (Finlay, 2015), and sense of well-being (Larson et al., 2016). Neighborhood parks can also contribute to sense of community (Gómez, 2015). This dataset describes the number and area of parks in each census tract or each ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) in the United States. Measures include the total number of parks, park area, and proportion of park area within each census tract or ZCTA.

Citation View help for Citation

Melendez, Robert, Li, Mao, Khan, Anam, Gomez-Lopez, Iris, Clarke, Philippa, and Chenoweth, Megan. National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Parks by Census Tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 2018. [distributor], 2022-12-15. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR38586.v1

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Funding View help for Funding

United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute on Aging (RF1-AG-057540), United States Department of Health and Human Services. Administration for Community Living. National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (90RTHF0001), United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute of Nursing Research (U01NR020556), United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities (U01NR020556)

Subject Terms View help for Subject Terms

census tract level environment geography neighborhood characteristics parks

Geographic Coverage View help for Geographic Coverage

United States

Smallest Geographic Unit View help for Smallest Geographic Unit

census tract and ZIP code tabulation area

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Time Period(s) View help for Time Period(s)

2018

Date of Collection View help for Date of Collection

2020

Data Collection Notes View help for Data Collection Notes

The data and documentation for National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Parks by Census Tract, United States, 2018 and National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Parks by ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 2018 were originally deposited in openICPSR.
A ZIP code to ZCTA crosswalk must be used to combine this dataset with ZIP code geocoded data. Such a crosswalk is available on the UDS Mapper website at https://udsmapper.org/zip-code-to-zcta-crosswalk. Sample code for merging the UDS Mapper crosswalk with NaNDA datasets is available at http://doi.org/10.3886/E124461.
For additional information see the National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA).

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Study Purpose View help for Study Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the number and density of publicly accessible parks within census tracts and ZIP code tabulation areas within the United States.

Study Design View help for Study Design

The research team projected the TIGER/Line shapefiles for census tracts/ZIP code tabulation areas (ZCTA) to the North American Albers equal-area conic projection in ArgGIS Pro, then performed a pairwise intersect between the ParkServe and TIGER/Line shapefiles.

To obtain the total number of parks in each tract/ZCTA, the team counted the number of unique ParkIDs of open parks fully or partially overlapping the tract. Parks were defined as open if they had both open status and access (ParkStatus = Open; ParkAccess = Open). Additional parks for which park status was open but access was unknown were treated as open. Some areas had a very high number of parks, so count variables were top-coded at three, five, and ten parks to control for this (COUNT_OPEN_PARKS_TC3, COUNT_OPEN_PARKS_TC5, COUNT_OPEN_PARKS_TC10).

Finally, the team calculated the total area of each tract/ZCTA in square meters and square miles, the total park area within each tract/ZCTA in square meters and square miles, and the proportion of park area to tract/ZCTA area.