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Released/Updated
1.
This study contains data on the transfer of arms
to 52 developing nations in the period 1945-1968. The Arms Transfers
data (Part 1) provide information on donor and recipient, date and
site of transfer, quantity, system classification (e.g., aircraft,
helicopters, missiles, artilleries, small arms, or naval systems), and
date production began and ended. The Weapons Systems data (Part 2)
contain detailed coded information about each weapons system.
2006-01-18
2.
These time series data provide information on the balance
of payments among countries and geographical areas of the
world. Detailed tabulations included in this collection describe (1)
transactions in goods, services, and income between an economy and the
rest of the world, (2) changes of ownership and other changes in that
country's monetary gold, special drawing rights (SDRs), and claims and
liabilities to the rest of the world, and (3) unrequited transfers and
counterpart entries that are needed to balance, in the accounting
sense, any entries for previous transactions and changes that are not
mutually offsetting. Aggregated and detailed presentations show data
for items such as investments, short- and long-term capital, reserves,
and changes in reserves.
1992-02-16
3.
This paper explores the impact of adolescent peers who are central in their social network on the formation of social skills and the academic performance of fellow students. I study a large-scale field experiment at selective public boarding schools in Peru that varies the type of peer defined by the median of social centrality and academic achievement. Students are assigned to (i) more socially central versus less socially central peers and (ii) higher-achieving versus lower-achieving peers. Peer effects are more pronounced for social skills than academic performance, and both vary by gender. While socially central peers lead boys to better social skills and improve their later-life outcomes, there are no effects for girls. Meanwhile, higher-achieving peers do not affect boys' academic performance but decrease girls' test scores. Gender differences in how beliefs about one's abilities respond to peer interactions explain both findings, revealing the importance of self-confidence in peer allocation policies.
2023-06-20
4.
This study contains data on national attributes and
international interactions for 114 nations in the 1960s. Containing
data originally collected by the International Relations Program at
Syracuse University, this learning package was developed to provide an
introduction to comparative foreign policy analyses and a discussion
of how to employ rigorous techniques to develop ideas about the
causes and consequences of foreign policy. Data are provided for
economic, political, domestic, and international interaction
indicators. Included for each nation is information on the gross
national product (GNP), level of trade, military expenditures,
type of political system, character of political regime, size of
diplomatic missions, population size, sociocultural classifications,
alliance bloc memberships, number of contiguous countries, voting
agreements with the United States, the Soviet Union, and India, the
degree of support for the United Nations, and the number of cooperative
or conflictual acts sent to and received from the United States, the
Soviet Union, the region, and outside the region.
1992-02-16
5.
This data collection contains the observed characteristics
of 158 diverse political parties operating in 53 countries between
1950 and 1962. The variables consist of both substantive coding of
party characteristics and data quality measures. A base of 111
variables place party characteristics in a conceptual framework
of 11 categories: institutionalization, governmental status, social
attraction, social concentration, social reflection, issue
orientation, goal orientation, autonomy, degree of organization,
centralization of power, coherence, and involvement. Every variable
that was coded was selected because of its relevance to a concept in
the framework. The remaining variables are derived measures of the
quality of those data.
1992-02-16
6.
This study is the first module of an ongoing collaborative
program of crossnational research among national election studies
designed to advance the understanding of electoral behavior across
polities. The data project, carried out in over 50 consolidated and
emerging democracies, was coordinated by social scientists from around
the world who cooperated to specify the research agenda, the study
design, and the micro- and macro-level data that native teams of
researchers collected within each polity. This collection currently
comprises data from surveys conducted during 1996-2001 in Australia,
Belarus, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany,
Great Britain, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Japan, Korea,
Lithuania, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Taiwan, Thailand, Ukraine, and the United States. The format includes
a common questionnaire module and background (demographic)
characteristics of respondents, coded to agreed-upon standards. These
data have been merged into a single crossnational dataset with a
companion supplementary weighted data file. Measures included in the
study focus on three main issues. The first topic explored is the
impact of electoral institutions, with questions about parliamentary
versus presidential systems of government (levels of accountability,
responsiveness), the electoral rules on casting/counting of votes
(issues of fairness, impact of voting), and political parties
(identification, ideological distinction). The second major issue
covered is the nature of political and social cleavages and alignments
explored by questions such as left-right issue orientation of
respondents vs. political parties. Lastly, the collection covers the
evaluation of democratic institutions and processes through measures
such as efficacy in political parties, elected officials, and
respondents' satisfaction with democracy. Additionally, data were
collected on voter turnout, voter choice, and respondents' age, sex,
education, employment, and income.
2004-03-10
7.
This study is the full release of 2001-2006 data from Module 2 of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems. The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems is an ongoing collaborative program of crossnational research among national election studies designed to advance the understanding of electoral behavior across polities. The project, which is being carried out in over 50 consolidated and emerging democracies, was coordinated by social scientists from around the world who cooperated to specify the research agenda, the study design, and the micro- and macro-level data that native teams of researchers collected within each polity. This collection currently comprises data from surveys conducted in the countries of Albania, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, and the United States. Module 2 focuses on electoral institutions and political behavior, particularly on the fundamental principles of democratic governance: representation and accountability. It aims to examine how well different electoral institutions function as mechanisms by which citizens' views are represented in the policymaking process, and by which citizens hold their elected representatives accountable. This is accomplished by explicitly linking individual attitudes and behaviors to the political context across a variety of settings. The module added a new set of items on citizen engagement and cognition across demographic polities, and expanded the analyses of the first module to examine how voters' choices are affected by the institutional context within which those choices are made. The survey results have been compiled and supplemented with district-level information that provides insight into the respondent's political context, and macro-level data that detail the respondent's political system as a whole. At each level of data collection, the measurements used have been standardized to promote comparison. Demographic variables include age, sex, race, ethnicity, education level, marital status, employment status, occupation, household union membership, language, socioeconomic status, political party affiliation, political orientation, religious preference, frequency of religious attendance, household income, number of children and other members of the household, and type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural).
2008-07-01
8.
This data collection contains information gathered in five
annual surveys that assessed the degree of freedom in 218 nations and
dependencies from 1972-1976. The study was carried out under the
auspices of Freedom House, New York City. The number of cases with
data varies from year to year, due to annexation, amalgamation, or the
addition of further territories to the roster. The data include
assessments of the political and civil rights of the general
population (using a seven-point scale, i.e., 1, most freedom, to 7,
least freedom), an overall freedom rating for the country (using a
three-point scale, i.e, free, partly free, and not free), and the
direction in which this rating appeared to be moving. Surveys after
1972 have added variables that indicate whether a change in the
evaluation since the previous survey was due to internal events in the
country or to new information about existing conditions. Before 1973,
only the presence or absence of change is noted. Thereafter, an
increase in the number of coding categories enables the direction of
the change to be recorded. The 1976 data include four additional
variables applicable to 142 cases and provide information about the
system of government and the economy of most of the nations
studied. The rationale used in assigning the seven categories on the
continuum of most to least freedom can be found in Appendix III of the
codebook, including which civil and political rights were considered
critical in order for a nation to garner each rating.
1992-02-16
9.
Computer-Aided International Relations (CAIR) Teaching Package, 1965 (ICPSR 5705)
Taylor, Charles Lewis; Tanter, Raymond
Taylor, Charles Lewis; Tanter, Raymond
This teaching package contains data on the national
characteristics of 136 nations with populations of one
million or more in 1965 and smaller countries that had become
members of the United Nations by 1968 in the period 1965-1968.
Data are provided for the political, economic, and demographic
characteristics of each nation. Political variables provide
information on the type of regime, representative character of the
regime, government stability, party fractionalization, degree of
freedom of group opposition and of the press, communist bloc
membership, government action against specific groups, political
violence profile, political participation of the military, and
anti-government demonstrations. Economic variables provide
information on the gross national product (GNP), expenditures
on defense and education as a percentage of the GNP, trade, and
total United States and Soviet aid received. Variables on
population characteristics include total population, urban
population, literacy rates, and ethno-linguistic fractionalization.
Other variables provide information on the number of diplomats
sent abroad, the nation's voting agreements with the United States
in the United Nations, and the degree of the nation's westernization.
1992-02-16
10.
Correlates of War Project: International Trade Data, 1870-2006 (ICPSR 24385)
Barbieri, Katherine; Keshk, Omar; Pollins, Brian
Barbieri, Katherine; Keshk, Omar; Pollins, Brian
The International Trade (v2.01) data compiled by the Correlates of War Project is the result of the effort to code trade flows between states (as defined by the Project) for the period 1870-2006. The data include information on both bilateral trade flows and total national imports and exports. Four data files are included with this collection: (1) dyadic trade statistics, (2) national trade statistics, and (3) and (4) supplementary information about dyadic and national trade statistics.
2010-03-08
11.
Correlates of War Project: Militarized Interstate Dispute (MID) Data, 1816-2001 (ICPSR 24386)
Diehl, Paul; Geller, Daniel; Gibler, Doug; Gochman, Charles; Hensel, Paul; Moaz, Zeev; Palmer, Glenn; Pollins, Brian; Ray, James Lee; Regan, Patrick; Stoll, Richard
Diehl, Paul; Geller, Daniel; Gibler, Doug; Gochman, Charles; Hensel, Paul; Moaz, Zeev; Palmer, Glenn; Pollins, Brian; Ray, James Lee; Regan, Patrick; Stoll, Richard
The Militarized Interstate Dispute (MID) (v3.10) data, compiled by the Correlates of War Project, provides information about conflicts in which one or more states threaten, display, or use force against one or more other states between 1816 and 2001. Five datasets are included with this collection. The first dataset comprises essential attributes of each militarized interstate dispute from January 1, 1816, through December 31, 2001, while the second dataset includes participants in each of these disputes. The third dataset comprises essential elements of each militarized interstate incident from January 1, 1993, through December 31, 2001, including incidents that belong to disputes that began in 1992 and continued into 1993, while the fourth dataset includes participants in each of these incidents. The fifth dataset contains dyadic militarized interstate disputes, of which each dyadic MID has exactly two states involved, on opposite sides of the MID. Generated from the incident-level data, these data are from the years 1993 through 2001, and additionally are provided for MIDs that were ongoing as of December 31, 1992.
2010-03-05
12.
Country Memberships in Selected Intergovernmental Organizations and Accession to Selected Regional and Global Treaty Regimes: Global, Country-Year Format, 1955-2010 (ICPSR 30541)
Ulfelder, Jay
Ulfelder, Jay
A listing of organizational memberships by country and year between 1955 and 2010.
2011-06-03
13.
This study contains cross-sectional data on the
economic, political, and population characteristics of 108
independent nations in the period 1961-1970. Also included
are limited longitudinal data for 60 nations in the period
1919-1970. The dataset was developed to introduce students
to cross-national political data analyses. Economic variables
provide information on the gross national product (GNP),
government revenues and expenditures, foreign aid, imports
and exports per capita, each nation's proportion of world
trade, defense and educational expenditures as percentage of
the GNP, energy, electric, steel, and cement production and
consumption per capita, and the percentage of the workforce
in industry and in agriculture. Data on political regimes and
systems include the type of regime, effectiveness of the executive
and legislative branches, size of the legislature, polyarchy index
of democratic performance, press freedom, political and civil
rights, number of coups d'etat, major constitutional and cabinet
changes, legislative elections, and dates of independence.
Population characteristics variables include population density,
urbanization index, internal security forces and the size of
the military as proportion of the adult population, and infant
mortality rate as proportion of live births. Demographic
variables include religion, ethnicity, literacy, and languages.
1992-02-16
14.
This data collection contains demographic statistics for
the populations of 171 countries or areas throughout the world between
1966 and 1974. The data were prepared by the Statistical Office of the
United Nations using as primary source a set of questionnaires sent
monthly and annually to statistical services and other appropriate
government offices. Data include total population by country or area
for the years 1966-1974, for males and females, divided into 18 age
groups. Other data include ethnic group, urban/rural code, and year,
type, and reliability of source document.
1992-02-16
15.
These data are a collection of demographic statistics for
the populations of 125 countries or areas throughout the world,
prepared by the Statistical Office of the United Nations. The units of
analysis are both country and data year. The primary source of data is
a set of questionnaires sent monthly and annually to national
statistical services and other appropriate government offices. Data
include statistics on approximately 50 types of causes of death for
the years 1966 through 1974 for males, females, and total
populations.
2005-11-04
16.
Data and Code for: Arbitraging Covered Interest-Rate Parity Deviations and Bank Lending 
Keller, Lorena

Keller, Lorena
I propose and test a new channel through which covered interest-rate parity (CIP) deviations can affect bank lending in emerging economies. I argue that when CIP deviations exist, banks attempt to arbitrage them. To do so, banks must borrow in a particular currency. When this currency is scarce, bank lending in the currency required to arbitrage decreases, while they use this currency in their arbitrage activities. I test this channel by exploiting differences in the abilities of Peruvian banks to arbitrage CIP deviations. I find evidence that supports the proposed channel.
2024-07-30
17.
Data and Code for: Capital-Reallocation Frictions and Trade Shocks 
Lanteri, Andrea; Medina, Pamela; Tan, Eugene

Lanteri, Andrea; Medina, Pamela; Tan, Eugene
What are the short-term effects of an import-competition shock on capital reallocation and aggregate productivity? To address this question, we develop a quantitative model with heterogeneous firms and capital-reallocation frictions. We discipline the model with micro data on investment dynamics of Peruvian manufacturing firms and trade flows between China and Peru. Because of large frictions in firm downsizing and exit, an import-competition shock induces a temporary aggregate-productivity loss and larger dispersion in marginal products, due to investment inaction and exit of some productive firms. Empirical evidence on the effects of trade shocks on capital reallocation supports the model mechanism.
2023-03-27
18.
Data and Code for Climate Change and Agriculture: Subsistence Farmers’ Response to Extreme Heat 
Rud, Juan Pablo; Aragon, Fernando; Oteiza, Francisco

Rud, Juan Pablo; Aragon, Fernando; Oteiza, Francisco
This paper examines how subsistence farmers respond to extreme heat. Using micro-datafrom Peruvian households, we find that high temperatures reduce agricultural productivity, increasearea planted, and change crop mix. These findings are consistent with farmers using inputadjustments as a short-term mechanism to attenuate the effect of extreme heat on output. Thisresponse seems to complement other coping strategies, such as selling livestock, but exacerbatesthe drop in yields, a standard measure of agricultural productivity. Using our estimates, weshow that accounting for land adjustments is important to quantify damages associated withclimate change.
2021-01-28
19.
Data and Code for: "Dynamic Impacts of School-based Internet Access on Student Learning: Evidence from Peruvian Public Primary Schools" 
Lakdawala, Leah; Nakasone, Eduardo; Kho, Kevin

Lakdawala, Leah; Nakasone, Eduardo; Kho, Kevin
We investigate the impacts of school-based internet access on second graders' test scores, using over 2 million student observations from a panel of Peruvian public primary schools. We identify effects up to 6+ years after installation on different cohorts of second-grade students, exploiting variation in the timing of internet access induced by the rollout of a national program. We find positive but modest short-run impacts, but importantly, these effects grow for subsequent cohorts. Indeed, short-run estimates alone would have led to different conclusions. These dynamics underscore the value of extended evaluation windows to allow benefits of educational technology to materialize
2023-10-18
20.
Data and Code for: The Global Infrastructure Gap: Potential, Perils, and a Framework for Distinction 
Gardner, Camille; Henry, Peter Blair

Gardner, Camille; Henry, Peter Blair
One billion people live more than 2kilometers from an all-weather road, and 1.2 billion have no access to electricity.In 2015, the World Bank claimed that rich-country private capital could: (i) closethe infrastructure services gap in poor countries, (ii) achieve the sustainabledevelopment goals, and (iii) make money by moving from “billions to trillions” ofinvestment in poor-country infrastructure. We introduce a simple framework thatdistinguishes those poor countries in which the Bank’s three-fold claim istenable from those where it is not. For a given poor country, the frameworkreveals that investing a dollar in infrastructure is efficient if the social rate of return oninfrastructure in the poor country clears two hurdles: (a) the social rate ofreturn on private capital in the poor country, and (b) the social rate ofreturn on private capital in rich countries. Applying the framework to the only comprehensive, cross-country data set of social rates ofreturn on infrastructure indicates that in 1985 just 7 of 53 poor countriescleared the dual hurdles in both paved roads and electricity generatingcapacity. Where it was efficient to invest in infrastructure, however, thepotential for excess social returns was significant—seven times larger, on average,than the excess financial returns that existed in publicly tradedemerging-market stocks before foreigners were permitted to own shares. Theseresults suggest that the dual-hurdle framework provides a template whichsavers, investors, and policymakers can use to prioritize poor-countryinfrastructure investments with maximal potential to drive greater growth,asset returns, and sustainability, even as new data become available.
2023-12-05
21.
Data and Code for: How Effective Are Monetary Incentives to Vote? Evidence from a Nationwide Policy 
Gonzales, Mariella; Martínez, Luis R.; León-Ciliotta, Gianmarco

Gonzales, Mariella; Martínez, Luis R.; León-Ciliotta, Gianmarco
We study voters' response to marginal changes to the fine for electoral abstention in Peru, leveraging variation from a nationwide reform. A smaller fine has a robust, negative effect on voter turnout, partly through irregular changes in voter registration. However, representation is largely unaffected, as most of the lost votes are blank or invalid. We also show that the effect of an exemption from compulsory voting is substantially larger than that of a full fine reduction, suggesting that non-monetary incentives are the main drivers behind the effectiveness of compulsory voting. Note: This is data and code accompanying the article.
2021-12-17
22.
Data and code for: (Incorrect) Perceived returns and strategic behavior among talented low-income college graduates 
Agüero, Jorge; Galarza, Francisco; Yamada, Gustavo

Agüero, Jorge; Galarza, Francisco; Yamada, Gustavo
This is data and code repository for the paper summarize below:
Job applicants use resumes to send signals to potential employers. Applicants are free to select the items that go in their resumes and are expected to include signals they perceive will help them achieve their goals and avoid those that they anticipate could hurt them. We show that 92% of beneficiaries of a highly selective scholarship for poor and talented students avoid listing this award when applying for jobs. This is consistent with beneficiaries perceiving a negative labor market return from sending that signal. A correspondence study shows instead that listing the scholarship increases call back rates by 20%.
Job applicants use resumes to send signals to potential employers. Applicants are free to select the items that go in their resumes and are expected to include signals they perceive will help them achieve their goals and avoid those that they anticipate could hurt them. We show that 92% of beneficiaries of a highly selective scholarship for poor and talented students avoid listing this award when applying for jobs. This is consistent with beneficiaries perceiving a negative labor market return from sending that signal. A correspondence study shows instead that listing the scholarship increases call back rates by 20%.
2023-05-05
23.
Data and Code for: "Policy-Making, Trust and the Demand for Public Services: Evidence from a Mass Sterilizations Campaign" 
Leon, Gianmarco; Zejcirovic, Dijana; Fernandez, Fernando

Leon, Gianmarco; Zejcirovic, Dijana; Fernandez, Fernando
We study a large-scale family planning intervention in which more than 260,000 Peruvian women were sterilized. Many of these medical procedures are alleged to have been performed without patient consent. The subsequent disclosure of alleged illegal sterilizations caused reductions in the usage of contraceptive methods, prenatal and birth delivery services, and –more generally– the demand for medical services in affected areas. As a result, child health worsened. The results persist for at least 17 years after the information disclosure and are driven by disappointed supporters of the implementing government. Learning about the government’s malpractices undermined trust in institutions. We provide the data and code to replicate our findings.
2025-03-24
24.
Data Bank of Assassinations, 1948-1967 (ICPSR 5208)
Feierabend, Ivo; Feierabend, Rosalind; Jagger, F.M.; Nesvold, B.A.
Feierabend, Ivo; Feierabend, Rosalind; Jagger, F.M.; Nesvold, B.A.
This study contains data on 409 assassination events that
occurred in 84 countries in the period 1948-1967. The data cover
plotted, attempted, or actual assassinations of prominent public
figures, such as top government officeholders and military figures,
leaders of large trade unions or religious movements, and leaders of
minority groups. For each event, information is provided on the
country, date, and location of occurrence, the issue involved, the
identity of the assassin and of the target, such as the type of group
to which the assassin belonged and the political and social position
of the target, and the outcome of the event.
2003-06-09
25.
Data Bank of Minority Group Conflict, 1955-1965 (ICPSR 5209)
Feierabend, Ivo; Feierabend, Rosalind; Kelly, Rose
Feierabend, Ivo; Feierabend, Rosalind; Kelly, Rose
This study contains data on conflict events between
ethnic, racial, linguistic, and religious minority groups and
predominant groups within society in 84 nations in the period
1955-1965. For each event, data are provided for the type of
event, number and type of initiator and target of event, nature
of minority tension, issues involved, date, location and duration
of event, presence of violence, outcome of the event, number of
initiators, targets, and mediators injured, arrested, or killed,
and number of significant persons involved in the event as initiators,
targets, or mediators that were injured, killed, or arrested. A summary
scale was developed to measure the different intensity levels of
aggressive behavior as well as the degree of friendliness signified
by an event in minority tensions.
2009-07-16
26.
Data on International Election Monitoring: Three Global Datasets on Election Quality, Election Events and International Election Observation (ICPSR 31461)
Kelley, Judith
Kelley, Judith
This data collection focuses on elections and election monitoring throughout the world. Dataset 1, Data on International Election Monitoring (DIEM), codes the assessement and activities of international election monitoring organizations to national-level legislative and presidential elections in 108 countries from 1980-2004. Dataset 2, Quality of Elections Data (QED), codes the quality of national-level legislative and presidential elections in 172 countries from 1978 to 2004. Dataset 3, Supplementary Election Data, includes supplementary information on all direct presidential and legislative elections in 182 countries from 1975-2004.
2014-08-29
27.
Data on the social media marketing strategies used by fast-food chains present in four Latin American countries during the COVID-19 lockdowns 
Rozas, Lucila; Castronuovo, Luciana; Busse, Peter; Barnoya, Joaquin; Garrón, Alejandra

Rozas, Lucila; Castronuovo, Luciana; Busse, Peter; Barnoya, Joaquin; Garrón, Alejandra
Due to the pandemic COVID-19 and its possible contribution to the unhealthy food environment, we sought to design and validate a methodology for monitoring and evaluating the social media marketing strategies of multinational fast-food chains in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Two phases of this objective were developed: first, a random sample of posts was analyzed qualitatively to examine COVID-19 related content. In the second stage, a quantitative content analysis tool was developed based on the existing literature, and the results obtained during the first stage of qualitative analysis. This tool was used to analyze the entire sample of posts extracted from the Facebook pages of five selected fast-food brands present in the four countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Guatemala, and Peru. This tool was validated and statistical analysis was applied to identify which of the variables could be recommended for use in a similar study. Statistical analysis showed that advertising techniques changed in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found new advertising techniques after social distancing measures were implemented, which were also the most used by the fast-food chains included in our study. These techniques are references to domesticity, hashtags or connective tags specific to COVID-19, references to safety and sanitation rules and measures, and mentions to change/ adaptation. The fast-food chains in the four countries used similar marketing strategies on Facebook.
2021-08-17
28.
The Determinants of Aid in the Post-Cold War Era (ICPSR 21302)
Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu; Wall, Howard J.
Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu; Wall, Howard J.
The authors estimate the responsiveness of aid to recipient
countries' economic and physical needs, civil/political rights, and
government effectiveness. They look exclusively at the post-Cold War
era and use fixed effects to control for the political, strategic, and
other considerations of donors. They find that aid and per capita
income have been negatively related, while aid has been positively
related to infant mortality, rights, and government effectiveness.
2007-11-08
29.
Dimensionality of Nations Project: Dyadic Foreign Conflict Variables, 1950-1965 (ICPSR 5408)
Rummel, Rudolph J.
Rummel, Rudolph J.
This study contains data on conflict behavior among a
selected sample of 1,557 nation dyads in the years 1950, 1955,
1960, 1963, and 1965. Originally collected by the Dimensionality
of Nations (DON) Project at the University of Hawaii, these data
provide information on the behavioral dimensions of the interactions
between the nations in the dyads. The dyads represent all of the
paired relationships for 113 nations. The conflict variables are
coded for actor and target, date of conflict, and frequencies of
occurrence. The violent action variable is coded only for the
presence or absence of violent conflicts. Conflictual interactions
are described through variables such as warning or defensive acts,
number of wars, negative behavior, severance or suspension of
diplomatic relations, expulsion or recall of diplomats, boycott
of another country or embargo on commerce with another country,
aid to subversive or rebellious groups of another country,
negative communication, accusations, protests, unofficial acts
of violence, and attacks on embassy of one nation by the other.
Included also is one record each year for all non-conflict dyads.
The variables are arranged by year, within year by actor and
within actor by target.
1992-02-16
30.
This study contains data on the political, economic,
religious, ecological, and demographic characteristics of
113 nations in the years 1950, 1955, 1960, 1963, and 1965.
Originally collected by the Dimensionality of Nations (DON)
Project at the University of Hawaii, these data provide
information on political regime characteristics, such as the
number of political parties, electoral system, political
leadership, the nature of the political system, horizontal
power distribution, communist party membership, the legitimacy
of present government, the legality of government change,
freedom of opposition, major government crises, bureaucracy,
and the occurrence of assassinations, riots, general strikes,
protests, domestic violence, demonstrations, threats and
accusations, and purges. Economic variables focus on gross
national product (GNP), aid received from the United States
and Russia, national income, government expenditures,
government balance of payment, investments, imports and
exports, energy production and consumption, agricultural
production, and the economically active population. Demographic
variables include age, education, literacy, religion, ethnicity,
marital status, immigrants, and migrants. Other variables provide
information on the nations' bloc memberships, United Nations'
assessment of the nations, air distance of the nations from the
United States, number of nongovernmental organizations, number
of the nations' diplomats expelled or recalled, age of the
nations, and the nations' geography.
1992-02-16
31.
Dimensions of Conflict Behavior Within and Between Nations, 1955-1960 (ICPSR 5021)
Rummel, Rudolph J.; Tanter, Raymond
Rummel, Rudolph J.; Tanter, Raymond
These data focus on the dimensions of domestic and
foreign conflict behavior of nations in the period 1955-1960.
The product of two separate studies conducted by Rudolph J. Rummel
and Raymond Tanter utilizing identical variables for the time
periods 1955-1957 and 1958-1960, respectively, this dataset gauges
domestic conflict behavior with measures such as number of
assassinations, general strikes, major government crises, purges,
riots, anti-government demonstrations, revolutions, domestic
violence deaths, and the presence or absence of guerilla warfare.
Other variables such as the number of anti-foreign demonstrations,
negative sanctions, protests, countries with which diplomatic
relations were severed, expulsion or recall of ambassadors,
threats, mobilizations, accusations, troop movements, deaths in
foreign violence, presence or absence of military action, and war
measure foreign conflict behavior.
1992-02-16
32.
Diplomatic Missions Received by Each International System Member, 1817-1970 (ICPSR 5025)
Singer, J. David; Small, Melvin
Singer, J. David; Small, Melvin
This data collection comprises one of four companion
datasets produced by the Correlates of War Project at the
University of Michigan. For each international system member,
data are provided at approximately five-year intervals for the
number of missions received, the particular nations sending
missions, and the rank of mission received (e.g., visit from
ambassador, minister, or charge d'affaires) in the period 1817-1970.
1992-02-16
33.
These time series data supply detailed information on imports and exports for various countries and geographical areas of the world. Countries are grouped into three main categories: (1) Industrial Countries, (2) Developing Countries, and (3) USSR, Eastern Europe, etc.
Along with data from reporting countries, estimates are provided by partner countries for nonreporting countries or for those that are slow to report. A subset of these data (Part 4), containing annual data from 1948 to 1978, is available as well.
2014-10-23
34.
The data for this study were collected to provide
information on patterns of domestic conflict behavior in 111
independent countries for the years 1919-1966. The variables record
the occurrence of riots, anti-government demonstrations, purges,
major government crises, strikes, coups, revolutions, assassinations,
and guerrilla war. Data exist for the full 42 years for 52 of the
countries, but for the other 59 countries data exist for less than
42 years. Data may be obtained in either of two formats: nations as
cases or nation/years as cases. In the first format one case would
be "Canada" and possible variables would be "riots-1919," etc.
In the second format, "Canada-1919" and "Canada-1920" would be
possible cases, and "riots" would appear as a variable.
2006-01-12
35.
Domestic Violence, International Behavior and National Attributes of Developing Nations, 1962-1967 (ICPSR 5013)
Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
The data for this collection were merged from four other
ICPSR studies: COMPARATIVE FOREIGN POLICY LEARNING PACKAGE (ICPSR 5703),
WORLD HANDBOOK OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL INDICATORS II: CROSS-NATIONAL
AGGREGATE DATA, 1950-1965 (ICPSR 5027), WORLD HANDBOOK OF POLITICAL AND
SOCIAL INDICATORS II: ANNUAL EVENTS DATA, 1948-1967 (ICPSR 5028), and
the World Military Expenditures data series. Data are provided on the
international and domestic conflict behavior and national attributes
of 85 developing nations (as defined by the United States Arms Control
and Disarmament Agency) in the period 1962-1967. Included are data on
cooperative and conflict events received and sent, various socioeconomic
indicators (all for mid-1960s), and various yearly domestic conflict data
aggregated to the period 1962-1964 and 1965-1967. Yearly frequencies for
each type were aggregated into three-year scores. Domestic conflict
behavior variables measure the occurrences of riots, armed attacks,
demonstrations, government sanctions and executions, assassinations,
irregular power transfers, political strikes, interventions, and deaths
from domestic violence. Socioeconomic variables itemize gross national
product (GNP), military, educational, and health expenditures, United
States' economic aid per capita, population growth rates, energy
consumption per capita, literacy rates, and ethno-linguistic
fractionalization.
1992-02-16
36.
This study contains a subset of the World Handbook of
Political and Social Indicators II data on national attributes
and domestic violence for 136 nations in the period 1955-1964.
The teaching package is intended to provide data for examining
current theories of domestic violence and to introduce students
to a number of topics in quantitative aggregate analyses. Data
are provided in five-year periods for the economic, political,
and social characteristics of the nations. Economic variables
provide information on the gross national product (GNP), energy
consumption per capita, sectorial income inequality, land
inequality, and calories intake per capita. Political variables
provide information on government sanctions, political
executions, deaths from political violence, armed attacks,
anti-government demonstrations, riots, political strikes, and
the relaxation of government restrictions. Variables on social
characteristics include population density, literacy rates, and
the number of physicians per one million population.
1992-02-16
37.
Economic and Social Indicators for Eighteen Latin American Nations, 1960-1971 (ICPSR 5030)
United States Agency for International Development
United States Agency for International Development
This data collection contains economic, social,
and demographic information for 18 Latin American nations
in the period 1960-1971. Data are provided for gross
national product (GNP), gross investment, domestic revenues,
tax revenues, expenditures, price index, electric power
production, agricultural production, and membership in
consumer, credit, and agricultural cooperatives. Data are
also provided for population characteristics, such as total
population, school enrollment, student-teacher ratio,
persons-physician ratio, persons-nurse ratio, and
persons-hospital bed ratio.
1992-02-16
38.
Estimating Human Trafficking into the United States [Phase I: Development of a Methodology] (ICPSR 20422)
Clawson, Heather J.; Lane, Mary; Small, Kevonne
Clawson, Heather J.; Lane, Mary; Small, Kevonne
This research project developed and fully documented a method to estimate the number of females and males trafficked for the purposes of sexual and labor exploitation from eight countries (Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, and Venezuela) into the United States at the Southwest border. The model utilizes only open source data. This research represents the first phase of a two-phase project and
Provides a conceptual framework for identifying potential data sources to estimate the number of victims at different stages in trafficking
Develops statistical models to estimate the number of males and females at risk of being trafficked for sexual and labor exploitation from the eight countries, and the number of males and females actually trafficked for sex and labor
Incorporates into the estimation models the transit journey of trafficking victims from the eight countries to the southwest border of the United States
Designs the estimation models such that they are highly flexible and modular so that they can evolve as the body of data expands
Utilizes open source data as inputs to the statistical model, making the model accessible to anyone interested in using it
Presents preliminary estimates that illustrate the use of the statistical methods
Illuminates gaps in data sources.
The data included in this collection are the open source data which were primarily used in the models to estimate the number of males and females at risk of being trafficked.
2015-02-19
39.
European and World Values Surveys Four-wave Integrated Data File, 1981-2004 (ICPSR 4531)
European Values Study Group; World Values Survey Association
European Values Study Group; World Values Survey Association
The World Values Surveys and European Values Surveys
series was designed to enable a crossnational, crosscultural
comparison of values and norms on a wide variety of topics and to
monitor changes in values and attitudes across the globe. This data
collection contains the survey data from the four waves of the World
Values Surveys and European Values Surveys, carried out in 1981-1984,
1990-1993, 1995-1997, and 1999-2004. These survey responses have now
been integrated into one dataset, to facilitate time series
analysis.
The surveys provide data from representative national
samples of the publics of approximately 81 societies (covering 60
countries) that contain 85 percent of the world's population and cover
a full range of variation, from societies with per capita incomes
below 300 dollars per year, to societies with per capita incomes of
more than 35,000 dollars per year, from long-established democracies
to authoritarian states, and from societies with market economies to
societies that are in the process of emerging from state-run
economies. The surveys cover societies that were historically shaped
by a wide variety of religious and cultural traditions, from Christian
to Islamic to Confucian to Hindu. The societies covered range from
those whose culture emphasizes social conformity and group obligations
to societies in which the main emphasis is on human emancipation and
self-expression.
Broad topics covered in the integrated file
include perception of life, family, work, traditional values, personal
finances, religion and morale, the economy, politics and society, the
environment, allocation of resources, contemporary social issues,
national identity, and technology and its impact on society.
Specifically, respondents were asked whether the following acts
were ever justifiable: suicide, cheating on taxes, lying, euthanasia,
divorce, and abortion. Respondents were also asked about the groups
and associations they belonged to, which ones they worked for
voluntarily, the ethnic group(s) they would not want as neighbors,
their general state of health, and whether they felt they had free
choice and control over their lives. A wide range of items was
included on the meaning and purpose of life, such as respondents'
views on the value of scientific advances, the demarcation of good and
evil, and religious behavior and beliefs. Respondents were also
queried about their attitudes toward morality, politics, sexual
freedom, marriage, single parenting, child-rearing, and the importance
of work, family, politics, and religion in their lives. Questions
relating to work included what financial and social benefits were most
important to them in a job, how much pride they took in their work, if
they were happy with their current position, and their views on
owner/state/employee management of business. Questions pertaining to
the stability of the world economy and whether respondents were happy
with their financial situation were also asked. Respondents' opinions
on various forms of political action, the most important aims for
their countries, confidence in various civil and governmental
institutions, and whether they would fight in a war for their country
were also elicited.
Demographic information includes family
income, number of people residing in the home, size of locality,
region of residence, occupation of the head of household, and the
respondent's age, sex, occupation, education, religion, religiosity,
politic,al party and union membership, and left-right political
self-placement.
2006-07-12
40.
Financing the State: Government Tax Revenue from 1800 to 2012, 31 countries (ICPSR 38308)
Andersson, Per F.; Brambor, Thomas
Andersson, Per F.; Brambor, Thomas
This dataset presents information on historical central government revenues for 31 countries in Europe and the Americas for the period from 1800 (or independence) to 2012. The countries included are: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany (West Germany between 1949 and 1990), Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States, Uruguay, and Venezuela. In other words, the dataset includes all South American, North American, and Western European countries with a population of more than one million, plus Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and Mexico. The dataset contains information on the public finances of central governments. To make such information comparable cross-nationally the researchers chose to normalize nominal revenue figures in two ways: (i) as a share of the total budget, and (ii) as a share of total gross domestic product. The total tax revenue of the central state is disaggregated guided by the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) which provides a classification of types of revenue, and describes in detail the contents of each classification category. Given the paucity of detailed historical data and the needs of our project, researchers combined some subcategories. First, they were interested in total tax revenue, as well as the shares of total revenue coming from direct and indirect taxes. Further, they measured two sub-categories of direct taxation, namely taxes on property and income. For indirect taxes, they separated excises, consumption, and customs.
2022-04-21
41.
This study contains data on over 13,000 foreign
conflict acts of 113 nations in the period 1950-1968. Data are
provided for actor and object, either of which may refer to
nations, colonies, international organizations, or groups in
rebellion against national authority and involved in
international relations. Data are also provided for official
and unofficial acts, which are categorized into violent and
nonviolent acts. Violent acts are further categorized into
planned and unplanned acts, as well as unclassified acts. These
include warning or defensive acts related to a developing
conflict situation, threat, war, clash, or negative behavior
such as blockade, embargo, or diplomatic rebuff of one nation
by another. Nonviolent acts include boycott and anti-foreign
demonstrations. The source of the data as well as measures of
its reliability is also coded.
1992-02-16
42.
This collection was created by the United Nations from
information collected from individual countries regarding their
industrial production. The collection contains, for each reporting
country, data on the type and amount of industrial production for the
years 1963-1979. There are statistics on production for various
industries including mining, manufacturing, construction, financing,
and community and personal services. Production quantities are
indicated in the basic units of that particular industry (e.g.,
number, man-hours, kilowatt hours, etc.). The data are organized by
country, industry, and year, and thus, multiple country records may
exist for each industry depending on the data years available. Part 1
contains information for the years 1967-1979, and Part 2 contains data
for the years 1963-1966 (with some instances of overlapping data in
the files). The data collected for these files was used as the master
file input for the YEARBOOK OF INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS, VOLUME 1. The
files have 19 variables (17 are alphanumeric, 2 are double precision
floating point).
2006-01-18
43.
The Global Digital Activism Data Set (GDADS), released February 2013 by the Digital Activism Research Project (DARP) at the University of Washington in Seattle, features coded cases of online digital activism from 151 countries and dependent territories. Several features from each case of digital activism were documented, including the year that online action commenced, the country of origin of the initiator(s), the geographic scope of their campaign, and whether the action was online only, or also featured offline activities. Researchers were interested in the number and types of software applications that were used by digital activists. Specifically, information was collected on whether software applications were used to circumvent censorship or evade government surveillance, to transfer money or resources, to aid in co-creation by a collaborative group, or for purposes of networking, mobilization, information sharing, or technical violence (destructive/disruptive hacking). The collection illustrates the overall focus of each case of digital activism by defining the cause advanced or defended by the action, the initiator's diagnosis of the problem and its perceived origin, the identification of the targeted audience that the campaign sought to mobilize, as well as the target whose actions the initiators aimed to influence. Finally, each case of digital activism was evaluated in terms of its success or failure in achieving the initiator's objectives, and whether any other positive outcomes were apparent.
2014-06-12
44.
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor [GEM]: Adult Population Survey Data Set, 1998-2017 (ICPSR 20320)
Reynolds, Paul D.
Reynolds, Paul D.
The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor [GEM] research program was developed to provide comparisons among countries related to participation of adults in the firm creation process. The initial data was assembled as a pretest of five countries in 1998 and by 2012 over 100 countries had been involved in the program. The initial design for the GEM initiative was based on the first US Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics, and by 2012 data from 1,827,513 individuals had been gathered in 563 national samples and 6 specialized regional samples.
This dataset is a harmonized file capturing results from all of the surveys. The procedure has been to harmonize the basic items across all surveys in all years, followed by implementing a standardized transform to identify those active as nascent entrepreneurs in the start-up process, as owner-managers of new firms, or as owner-managers of established firms. Those identified as nascent entrepreneurs or new business owners are the basis for the Total Entrepreneurial Activity [TEA] or Total Early-Stage index. This harmonized, consolidated assessment not only facilitates comparisons across countries, but provides a basis for temporal comparisons for individual countries.
Respondents were queried on the following main topics: general entrepreneurship, start-up activities, ownership and management of the firm, and business angels (angel investors). Respondents were initially screened by way of a series of general questions pertaining to starting a business, such as whether they were currently trying to start a new business, whether they knew anyone who had started a new business, whether they thought it was a good time to start a new business, as well as their perceptions of the income potential and the prestige associated with starting a new business. Demographic variables include respondent age, sex, and employment status.
2022-07-12
45.
These time series present combined statistics on detailed revenues and expenditures for all levels of government. Topics covered include deficit/surplus or total financing, revenues or grants, expenditures, lending minus repayments, domestic financing, foreign financing, domestic debt or total debt, and foreign debt. Annual data are supplied for central government accounts and different levels of government in these categories: (1) central government budgetary accounts, (2) central government consolidated accounts, (3) central government extra budgetary accounts, (4) central government Social Security Funds, (5) state or province governments, (6) local governments, and (7) general governments.
2010-07-28
46.
This data collection contains 12 statistical tables that
were published in the HISTORICAL SUPPLEMENT OF THE UNITED NATIONS
DEMOGRAPHIC YEARBOOK, issued in 1980 to commemorate the 30th
anniversary of the publication of the DEMOGRAPHIC YEARBOOK. It
presents time series data on population size, age, sex, urban/rural
residence, natality, mortality, and nuptiality as well as selected
derived measures concerning these components of population change for
countries of the world over a 30-year time period. The unit of
analysis is ethnic group within a country, by year. Parts 1 and 2
contain tables (labeled 1-12, in non-chronological order) stratified
by ethnicity, urbanicity, and/or sex. Part 1 contains six tables: (1)
estimates of mid-year population and vital statistics summary,
1948-1978, (2) population by sex, urbanicity, and intercensal rates of
increase for total population, each census, 1948-1978, (4) selected
derived measures of natality, 1948-1977, (7) female population by age,
total number of children born alive, and total number of children
living, each census, 1948-1978, (8) life expectancy by sex and age,
1948-1977, and (11) selected derived measures of marriage and
divorce. The six tables in Part 2 are: (3) population by age, sex, and
urban/rural residence, each census, 1948-1977, (5) live births by age
of mother and sex of infant, 1948-1977, (6) live-birth rates specific
for age of mother, 1948-1977, (9) deaths by age and sex, 1948-1977,
(10) death rates specific for age and sex, 1948-1977, and (12)
population by marital status, age, and sex, each census,
1948-1977. The records in Part 3 are text and correspond to the
footnotes for the tables in the other two files.
2006-01-18
47.
ICT Diffusion and Distribution Dataset, 1990-2007 (ICPSR 23562)
Howard, Philip N.; Busch, Laura; Cohen, Spencer
Howard, Philip N.; Busch, Laura; Cohen, Spencer
This dataset covers the years 1990 through 2007 and contains two types of indicators for the global distribution of information, communication and technology (ICT) resources. The data includes gini coefficients for the distribution of Internet access within countries, and a technology diffusion index that weights the distribution of broadband subscribers, personal computers, mobile phones, Internet users, and international Internet bandwidth by economic output. The data are secondary source data, based on the analysis of primary data from 204 surveys fielded in 47 countries.
2010-03-22
48.
International Civic and Citizenship Education Study, 2016 (ICPSR 37147)
International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement
International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement
The International Civic and Citizenship Education Study, 2016 (ICCS) is an international assessment of the ways in which young people are prepared to undertake their roles as citizens. It investigated student knowledge and understanding of civics and citizenship as well as students' perceptions, attitudes, and activities related to civics and citizenship. It also examined differences among countries in these outcomes and the relationship of these outcomes to students' individual characteristics and family backgrounds, to teaching practices, and to school and broader community contexts.
Like its predecessor IEA Civic Education Study, 1999 (CIVED), ICCS 2016 included a student test of civic knowledge and understanding, as well as questionnaires for students, teachers, and school principals. The comprehensive core assessment was complemented by regional modules for Europe and Latin America, designed to flexibly recognize regional interests and investigate related aspects of civic and citizenship education. The survey data were supplemented by information about the national contexts for civic and citizenship education gathered by the national research centers of the participating countries.
Data were collected in 2015-2016 under the auspices of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) headquartered in Amsterdam. ICCS collected data from more than 94,000 eighth grade (or equivalent) students in about 3,800 schools from 24 countries. These student data were augmented with data from more than 37,000 teachers in those schools and further contextual data collected from school principals and national research centers.
2018-10-24
49.
Detailed tabulations of international and domestic finance
data are presented in this data collection. These time series data
summarize each country's balance of payments, with collateral data on
major financial components such as trade and reserves, and data on
exchange rates, international liquidity, money and banking,
international transactions, prices, production, government finance, and
interest rates. A subset of these data, containing annual data from
1948 to 1978, is available as well.
1992-02-16
50.
Latin American Migration Project is a study to advance
understanding of the complex processes of international migration and
immigration to the United States. In addition to basic demographic
data, the survey gathers information on family composition, fertility,
infant mortality, household head marital history, labor history of the
household head and his/her spouse, and ownership history of properties
and businesses. Furthermore, detailed data on internal migration,
migration to the mainland United States, and multiple aspects of key
United States trips (work experience, income, social networks,
remittances, welfare use, etc.) are also collected.
2006-03-31