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The purpose of this project was to measure and estimate the distribution of income in both rural and urban areas of the People's Republic of China. The principal investigators based their definition of income on cash payments and on a broad range of additional components: payments in kind valued at market prices, agricultural output produced for self-consumption valued at market prices, the value of ration coupons and other direct subsidies, and the imputed value of housing. The rural component of this collection consists of two data files, one in which the individual is the unit of analysis and a second in which the household is the unit of analysis. Individual rural respondents reported on their employment status, level of education, Communist Party membership, type of employer (e.g., public, private, or foreign), type of economic sector in which employed, occupation, whether they held a second job, retirement status, monthly pension, monthly wage, and other sources of income. Demographic variables include relationship to householder, gender, age, and student status. Rural households reported extensively on the character of the household and residence. Information was elicited on type of terrain surrounding the house, geographic position, type of house, and availability of electricity. Also reported were sources of household income (e.g., farming, industry, government, rents, and interest), taxes paid, value of farm, total amount and type of cultivated land, financial assets and debts, quantity and value of various crops (e.g., grains, cotton, flax, sugar, tobacco, fruits and vegetables, tea, seeds, nuts, lumber, livestock and poultry, eggs, fish and shrimp, wool, honey, and silkworm cocoons), amount of grain purchased or provided by a collective, use of chemical fertilizers, gasoline, and oil, quantity and value of agricultural machinery, and all household expenditures (e.g., food, fuel, medicine, education, transportation, and electricity). The urban component of this collection also consists of two data files, one in which the individual is the unit of analysis and a second in which the household is the unit of analysis. Individual urban respondents reported on their economic status within the household, Communist Party membership, sex, age, nature of employment, and relationship to the household head. Information was collected on all types and sources of income from each member of the household whether working, nonworking, or retired, all revenue received by owners of private or individual enterprises, and all in-kind payments (e.g., food and durable and non-durable goods). Urban households reported total income (including salaries, interest on savings and bonds, dividends, rent, leases, alimony, gifts, and boarding fees), all types and values of food rations received, and total debt. Information was also gathered on household accommodations and living conditions, including number of rooms, total living area in square meters, availability and cost of running water, sanitary facilities, heating and air-conditioning equipment, kitchen availability, location of residence, ownership of home, and availability of electricity and telephone. Households reported on all of their expenditures including amounts spent on food items such as wheat, rice, edible oils, pork, beef and mutton, poultry, fish and seafood, sugar, and vegetables by means of both coupons in state-owned stores and at free market prices. Information was also collected on rents paid by the households, fuel available, type of transportation used, and availability and use of medical and child care.

The Chinese Household Income Project collected data in 1988, 1995, 2002, and 2007. ICPSR holds data from the first three collections, and information about these can be found on the series description page. Data collected in 2007 are available through the China Institute for Income Distribution.

FACES provides national information about Head Start programs and participants. Beginning in 1997, a series of nationally representative samples of Head Start children and their families, classrooms, and programs has described the population served by Head Start; staff qualifications, credentials, and opinions; Head Start classroom practices and quality measures; and the experiences and well-being of children and families. FACES studies have included assessments that measure children's cognitive skills, social-emotional skills, and physical status; observations of classroom quality; and surveys of children's parents, teachers, center directors, and program directors.

The Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES 2014) Contextual Variables Data File contains 28 contextual, community-level variables about 399 Head Start centers included in the FACES 2014 study sample. It does not contain data collected as part of the FACES 2014 study; instead, it contains information from publicly available data sources and is designed to merge with other FACES 2014 data files to enhance the understanding of Head Start center communities. The contextual variables data describe characteristics of the census tract or block group in which Head Start centers are located.

The contextual variables include three index variables constructed by research institutions, 24 demographic and socioeconomic variables derived from the American Community Survey (ACS), and a measure of rural/urban status from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The FACES 2014 Contextual Variables Data File is intended to be used with the other FACES 2014 data files. For example, in conjunction with the other FACES 2014 data, these data could be used to:

• describe the characteristics of neighborhoods where children attend Head Start,
• describe how children's experiences or Head Start quality differ by neighborhood characteristics, or
• explore associations among neighborhoods, Head Start experiences, and child and family well-being.