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The 500 Family Study [1998-2000: United States] (ICPSR 4549)

Released/updated on: 2008-06-03

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1998-02-01--2000-06-01

The 500 Family Study was designed to obtain in-depth information on middle class, dual-career families living in the United States. To understand the complex dynamics of today's families and the strategies they use to balance the demands of work and family, over 500 families from 8 cities across the United States were studied. To address different issues facing parents with older and younger children, families with adolescents and families with kindergartners were included in the sample. Working mothers and fathers are now splitting their time between their responsibilities to their family, and to their respective occupations. This study of 500 families explores how work affects the lives and well-being of parents and their children.

The study's data allows researchers to explore a broad range of questions:

How do dual-career families manage and organize their resources and time between family and work?
How do work conditions, including characteristics of the job and workplace environment, affect the quality of relationships among household members?
How do dual career parents manage the moral and social development and learning experiences of their children?
How do the work-related responsibilities of working parents affect their child's moral, social, and educational development?
What effect is consumerism and technology having on how working families direct the moral and social development of their children?
What do parents believe is their role regarding the child-care of their children and how they should fulfill that role both in terms of time and in the allocation of economic and social resources? What are some of the resources in the community that parents use to supervise their children?
How do families regard the "free time" of adolescents and how they allocate adolescent "free time" in maintenance of the household?
What is the quality of relationships among family members?

To obtain a detailed picture of work and family life, mothers, fathers, and their children were asked to complete a series of instruments including surveys, in-depth interviews, and time diaries. These instruments were designed to provide information about work, marriage, child care and parental supervision, management of household tasks, time allocations, coping strategies, and psychological well-being.

The four datasets associated with this data collection are summarized below:

The Cortisol Data contains information for a subsample of families that elected to participate in a study of psychological stress. Parents and teenagers who agreed to participate completed an additional two days of ESM data collection. The health survey that was administered reported on a variety of health and lifestyle issues that might affect cortisol (stress hormone) levels such as medication use, consumption of caffeine and alcohol, use of nicotine, timing of menstrual cycle, pregnancy, presence of chronic illness, and respondent's height and weight. Additionally, parents reported on the health of the children (teenagers and kindergartners) participating in the study.
The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) Data contains a variety of information related to how individuals spend their time, who they spent it with, and what activities they were engaged in over the course of a typical week. Respondents wore programmed wrist watches that emitted signals (beeps) throughout the day. When possible, family members were placed on identical signaling schedules to provide information on a range of family activities. At the time of each beep, participants were asked to complete a self-report form which asked them to answer a number of open-ended questions about their location, activities, who they were with, and psychological states. Several Likert and semantic-differential scales were used to assess participants' psychological states.
The Parent Data contains basic demographic information from respondents as well as detailed information about parents' occupation job duties, income, work schedule, benefits (e.g., medical care, flexible work schedules, and family leave), and the consequences of their jobs (e.g. long hours, job stress, having to work weekends). Additionally, the data contain information about the extent to which parents experienced work-family conflict and what changes might help with better balance of the demands of work and family (e.g., more flexible work hours, more help from spouses with household and child care responsibilities, improved child care, and after-school care arrangements). Parental attitudes toward traditional arrangements, how household tasks were actually divided among family members, and how often the family paid for services (e.g., cleaning, yard work, meal preparation) were also captured. The data also contain information about how children are socialized in families with two working parents. Topics about the frequency with which parents engaged in various activities with their children (e.g., talking, eating meals together, attending religious services), how frequently parents monitored their teenager's activities, and how often they talked with their teenager about school activities, plans for college, career plans, friendships, and peer pressure.
The Adolescent Data contains data for sixth through twelfth graders, which focuses on family relationships and experiences, school experiences, paid work, psychological well-being and behavioral problems, and plans for the future (e.g., college, career, and marriage -- including expectations regarding spouses' sharing of responsibility for child care, cooking, chores, and paid work). To allow for comparison of parents' and adolescents' responses to similar questions, several items appear in both the adolescent and parent data. These items include the frequency with which parents and adolescents discuss school events, college and career plans, participation in religious and other activities, gender role attitudes and the division of household tasks within the family, and items measuring depression, stress, and anxiety.

Qualitative Data -- Interviews The main purpose of the interviews was to explore topics addressed in the parent and adolescent surveys in greater detail. Parent interviews were designed to examine how working parents cope with the demands of work and family life. Adolescent interviews touched on similar themes but altered questions to gauge the adolescent's perceptions of their parents work and family lives. Kindergartner interviews were brief and focused on children's after-school and child care arrangements and time spent with parents.

Curated

American Time Use Survey (ATUS), 2008 (ICPSR 26149)

Released/updated on: 2012-11-26

Geographic coverage: United States

The American Time Use Survey (ATUS) collects information on how people living in the United States spend their time. Data collected in this study measured the amount of time that people spent doing various activities in 2008, such as paid work, child care, religious activities, volunteering, and socializing. Respondents were interviewed once about how they spent their time on the previous day including where they were and whom they were with. Part 1, Respondent and Activity Summary File, contains demographic information about respondents and a summary of the total amount of time they spent doing each activity that day. Part 2, Roster File, contains information about household members and non-household children under the age of 18. Part 3, Activity File, includes additional information on activities in which respondents participated, including the location of each activity and the total time spent on secondary child care. Part 4, Who File, includes data on who was present during each activity. Part 5, ATUS-CPS 2008 File, contains demographic and occupational data on respondents and members of their household collected during their participation in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Parts 6-9 contain supplemental data files that can be used for further analysis of the data. Part 6, Case History File, contains information about the interview process. Part 7, Call History File, gives information about each call attempt. Part 8, Trips File, provides information about the number, duration, and purpose of overnight trips away from home for two or more nights in a row in a given reference month. Part 9, ATUS 2008 Replicate Weights File, contains base weights, replicate base weights, and replicate final weights for each case that was selected to be interviewed for the ATUS. The Eating and Health (EH) Module collected data to analyze (1) the relationships among time use patterns and eating patterns, nutrition, and obesity, and (2) food and nutrition assistance programs, and grocery shopping and meal preparation. The Eating and Health Module contained four files, parts 10-13. Part 10, EH Respondent File, contains information about (1) EH respondents, including variables about grocery shopping and meal preparation, food stamp participation, general health, height, and weight, and (2) household income. Part 11, EH Activity File, contains information on respondents' secondary eating and secondary drinking of beverages. Part 12, EH Child File, contains information on children (under age 19) in respondent households who ate a breakfast or lunch in the previous week that was prepared and served at a school, day care, Head Start center, or summer day program. Part 13, EH Replicate Weights File, contains the 160 replicate final weights that can be used to calculate standard errors and variances for EH Module estimates. Note that the EH Replicate Weights file contains records only for those cases that completed EH Module interviews. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, ethnicity, marital status, education level, income, employment status, occupation, citizenship status, country of origin, labor union membership of household members, and household composition.

Curated

Iowa Youth and Families Project, 1989-1992 (ICPSR 26721)

Released/updated on: 2011-11-03

Geographic coverage: Iowa, United States

Time period: 1989-01-01--1992-01-01

This data collection contains the first four waves of the Iowa Youth and Families Project (IYFP), conducted in 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1992. The Iowa Youth and Families Project was developed from an initial sample of 451 7th graders from two-parent families in rural Iowa. The study was merged with the Iowa Single Parent Project (ISPP) to form the Iowa Family Transitions Project in 1994, when the target youth were seniors in high school. Survey data were collected from the target child (7th grader), a sibling within four years of age of the target child, and both parents. Field interviewers visited families at their homes on several occasions to administer questionnaires and videotape interaction tasks including family discussion tasks, family problem-solving tasks, sibling interaction tasks, and marital interaction tasks.

The Household Data files contain information about the family's financial situation, involvement in farming, and demographic information about household members.

The Parent and the Child Survey Data files contain responses to survey questions about the quality and stability of family relationships, emotional, physical, and behavioral problems of individual family members, parent-child conflict, family problem-solving skills, social and financial support from outside the home, traumatic life experiences, alcohol, drug, and tobacco use, and opinions on topics such as abortion, parenting, and gender roles. In addition, the Child Survey Data files include responses collected from the target child and his or her sibling in the study about experiences with puberty, dating, sexual activity, and risk-taking behavior.

The Problem-Solving Data files contain survey data collected from respondents about the family interactions tasks.

The Observational Data files contain the interviewers' observations collected during these tasks.

Demographic variables include sex, age, employment status, occupation, income, home ownership, religious preference, frequency of religious attendance, as well as the ages and sex of all household members and their relationship to the head of household. Demographic information collected on the parents also includes their birth order within their family, the ages and political philosophy of their parents, the sex, age, education level, and occupation of their siblings, and the country of origin of their ancestors.

Curated

Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), 2001 (ICPSR 4213)

Released/updated on: 2007-03-30

Geographic coverage: Japan, Global

This survey was designed to solicit political, sociological, and economic information from people living in Japan. Respondents were queried on crime and the judicial system, and more specifically, on issues such as the death penalty, juvenile punishment, and whether respondents were victims of various crimes within the last year. Questions on family issues covered topics such as divorce, the health of respondents' marriages, the roles of each spouse, and issues involving children. Questions on finances included the state of respondents' finances during the last few years and compared to other Japanese families both past and present, whether the income tax rate was high, and the ease of improving one's standard of living in Japan. Political questions addressed government spending, the responsibility of the government, and whether respondents would vote for a woman gubernatorial candidate. Also, respondents were asked to rate their political views on a scale from Conservative (1) to Progressive (5). In terms of health, questions were asked on the health of respondents and their spouses, the topic of euthanasia, donation cards, and the frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption. Quality of life questions addressed the frequency with which respondents read the newspaper, watched television, the amount of satisfaction respondents received from life, and how often respondents participated in leisure activities like fishing, jogging, mahjong, etc. Respondents were asked to give their opinions concerning extra-marital affairs, sexual relations between two adults of the same sex, pornography and prostitution. Information gathered on religion included the extent of their participation in a particular religion, whether respondents believed in life after death and views on burial. Respondents were polled for information regarding their social status and whether respondents were members of any groups including religious, trade, or social service organizations. Demographic information included age, sex, employment status, marital status, household income, and religious orientation.

Curated

Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), 2002 (ICPSR 4214)

Released/updated on: 2007-03-30

Geographic coverage: Japan, Global

This survey was designed to solicit political, sociological, and economic information from people living in Japan. Respondents were queried on crime and the judicial system, and more specifically, on issues such as the death penalty, juvenile punishment, and whether respondents were victims of various crimes within the last year. Questions on family issues covered topics such as divorce, the health of respondents' marriages, the roles of each spouse, and issues involving children. Questions on finances included the state of respondents' finances during the last few years and compared to other Japanese families both past and present, whether the income tax rate was high, and the ease of improving one's standard of living in Japan. Political questions addressed government spending, the responsibility of the government, and whether respondents would vote for a female gubernatorial candidate. Also, respondents were asked to rate their political views on a scale from conservative (1) to progressive (5). In terms of health, questions were asked on the health of respondents and their spouses, the topic of euthanasia, donation cards, and the frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption. Quality of life questions addressed the frequency with which respondents read the newspaper and watched television, the amount of satisfaction respondents received from life, and how often respondents participated in leisure activities like fishing, jogging, and mahjong. Respondents were asked to give their opinions concerning extra-marital affairs, sexual relations between two adults of the same sex, pornography, and prostitution. Information gathered on religion included the extent of their participation in a particular religion, whether respondents believed in life after death, and views on burial. Respondents were polled for information regarding their social status and whether respondents were members of any groups including religious, trade, or social service organizations. Demographic information included age, sex, employment status, marital status, household income, and religious orientation.

Curated

Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), 2006 (ICPSR 25181)

Released/updated on: 2010-05-06

Geographic coverage: Japan, Global

This survey was designed to solicit political, sociological, and economic information from people living in Japan. The data were collected between October 3 and November 3, 2006, using face-to-face interviews and self-administered questionnaires. Respondents were asked to give employment information for themselves and their spouses, including industry, size of employer, number of hours worked, level of job satisfaction, and time spent commuting. Respondents were also queried regarding employment information and education level of their parents when the respondent was aged 15. Several questions were asked about household composition, the type of residence, the state of respondents' finances during the last few years and compared to other Japanese families both past and present, sources of financial support, the ease of improving one's standard of living in Japan, and the use of credit cards and consumer financing. Views were also sought on divorce, the roles of each spouse, issues involving children, the responsibility of the government, and taxation issues. In terms of health, questions were asked regarding the physical and mental health of respondents and their household members, the frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption, and their views on genetically modified foods. Quality of life questions addressed the amount of satisfaction respondents received from life, and how often they participated in sports, leisure, and volunteer activities. Additional topics covered were euthanasia, the use of technology, juvenile delinquency, car ownership and usage, their level of trust in various institutions, and whether respondents belonged to religious, trade, or social service organizations. Demographic variables include age, sex, education level, employment status, occupation, labor union membership, marital status, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), household income, perceived social status, political orientation, political party affiliation, and religious affiliation.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), 2008 (ICPSR 30661)

Released/updated on: 2015-07-21

Geographic coverage: Asia, Japan, Global

The Japanese General Social Surveys (JGSS) Project is a Japanese version of the General Social Survey (GSS) project closely replicating the original GSS of the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago. It provides data for analyses of Japanese society, attitudes and behaviors which make international comparisons possible. The objectives of the JGSS project are three-fold: (1) to collect and build cumulative data on general social surveys in Japan in a regular and consistent manner, thus enabling a time-series analysis; (2) to provide data for secondary analyses to researchers and university students in various social science fields; and (3) to provide data in a format useful for international comparative studies, research, and reports.

Curated

Married and Cohabiting Couples, 2010 [United States] (ICPSR 31322)

Released/updated on: 2011-08-18

Geographic coverage: United States

The Married and Cohabiting Couples, 2010 NCFMR Pilot Data is a nationally representative sample of U.S. married and cohabiting adults aged 18-64. Data are available for 1,504 married individuals representing 752 married couples and 646 cohabiting individuals representing 323 couples. Basic demographic characteristics are available related to age, income, educational attainment, gender, and race, and individual- and couple-level data. Knowledge Networks conducted a study on married and cohabiting couples' relationships with heterosexual couples 18-64 years of age. The data collection took place from July 26, 2010, to October 13, 2010. The main data collection was preceded by a small pretest to verify the data collection accuracy. The NCFMR Married and Cohabiting Couples pilot data offers rich data concerning relationship dynamics, both at the individual- and couple-levels including measures of relationship quality for both married and cohabiting individuals; measures of relationship stability, formation, and dissolution for married and cohabiting individuals; measures of role strain and conflict between work and family ties; measures concerning health decisions, power of attorney, and expected plan of care in later life; and detailed information on social support concerning each of these measures.

Curated

Survey on Russian Marriages, 1996 (ICPSR 2692)

Released/updated on: 2007-03-23

Geographic coverage: Global, Russia

This survey was designed to provide information on the Russian family in terms of the economic and social change experienced during the process of democratization. The survey covered urban and rural areas of Russia. The Moscow data were collected between February and November 1996, while respondents from the rural regions of Saratov and Pskov were interviewed February-March 1996 and February-April 1996, respectively. Adults aged 18 to 60 years were asked through face-to-face interviews for their views on their relationship with their spouse or cohabitating partner, including relative status, perceived marital/relationship quality, and perceived verbal and physical abuse, as well as generational differences with respect to gender attitudes and marital relationships. Cohabitating respondents were asked the same questions as married respondents, in these cases, reference was made to the partner instead of the spouse and to their relationship rather than marriage. Respondents were asked to describe their views, as well as those of their spouse or partner and of society in general, regarding women working outside the home, marital decision-making, and gender traits. Those queried also commented on their satisfaction with the division of labor in their marriage or cohabitating relationship, included housekeeping, managing family finances, earning income, raising children, and caring for parents. Married and previously married respondents were asked about their marital history, including age at first marriage, while separated, divorced, and widowed respondents were asked when and for what reason(s) their union ended. Additional topics covered attitudes towards divorce and alcohol use, the amount of conflict present in the marriage or relationship, the presence of verbal and/or physical abuse, verbal and/or physical abuse experienced from parents, family background, and description of the residence. The spouses or cohabitating partners of primary respondents were also interviewed, as well as one adult child of each primary respondent with adult children in the Moscow area sample. Only female respondents answered questions regarding domestic violence in their marriage or cohabitating relationship. Demographic variables included age, sex, marital status, number of children, employment status, religious affiliation, household income, education level, health status, alcohol usage, and occupation, as well as the sex and age of the respondent's children and household members.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Youth Development Study, 1988-2020 [St. Paul, Minnesota] (ICPSR 24881)

Released/updated on: 2023-09-28

Geographic coverage: United States, St. Paul, Minnesota

Time period: 1988-01-01--2020-12-31

The Youth Development Study (YDS) was initiated as a school-based study of adolescent children and their parents to examine the consequences of formative experiences in adolescence for mental health, value formation, educational achievement, and multiple facets of behavioral adjustment. Particular attention was directed to the impacts of early work experience. Data were also obtained about parent-child and peer relationships and experiences in school. As the study continued, the focus shifted to adult development and attainment and, most recently, mid-life adjustment and health. This comprehensive longitudinal study now encompasses three generations: the initial cohort studied from adolescence to mid-life (G2), their parents (G1), and their adolescent children (G3). Data from three generations in the same families enable study of intergenerational relationships and differences in the experience of adolescence and transition to adulthood across parent and child cohorts. The YDS covers a wide range of topics of interest to sociologists, social psychologists, developmental psychologists, and life course scholars, including the development and impacts of agentic resources, socioeconomic attainment, processes of inter- and intra-generational mobility, objective and subjective work conditions, family relationships, intergenerational relationships, mental and physical health, and well-being.

In-school administration of paper surveys during the first four years of the study was supplemented by mailed surveys. Subsequent data collection took place entirely by mail, with 19 surveys conducted between 1988 and 2011. A final survey was conducted on-line in 2019. Survey data was obtained from the parents (G1) of this cohort during the first and fourth waves of the study (1988 and 1991). Surveys of the children (G3) began in 2009, continued in 2010 and 2011 (by mail) and in 2019-2020 (online).

The Youth Development Study measures a wide range of formative experiences and both psychological and behavioral variables, using survey methodology.

The G1 surveys obtained information about socioeconomic background as well as attitudes toward teenage employment, the parents' own employment as teenagers, their current work experiences, and educational expectations for their children.

The G2 surveys during the high school years included detailed questions about students' work and volunteer experiences, as well as experiences in their family, school, and peer groups, with an emphasis on the ways that working affected other life domains, mental health, and well-being. Shorter surveys containing many of the same topics were administered to students in 1992, 1993, and 1994, and included questions about current family and living arrangements. In 1995, a full survey was administered covering the wide range of topics included in previous surveys as well as information about career plans and life events that had occurred in the past five years. G2 Waves 9 through 19 (1997-2011) included many of the same questions contained in earlier surveys and additional sections that focused on the respondents' educational experiences, family relationships, sources of living expenses, and health and well-being. The most recent G2 survey (2019), administered on-line, included questions about support of aging parents. The YDS is unique in its coverage of both objective and subjective work experiences from adolescence to mid-life.

The topics covered by the G3 surveys are very similar to the G2 variables described above. Variables in each G2 and G3 wave are included in cross-wave codebooks, available at the Data Archive Codebook website.

For an overview of the Youth Development Study, see Mortimer, Jeylan T. (2012) "The Evolution, Contributions, and Prospects of the Youth Development Study: An Investigation in Life Course Social Psychology." Social Psychology Quarterly 75(1, March):5-27.