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Curated

Amazonian Deforestation and the Structure of Households (Phase III) (ICPSR 35995)

Released/updated on: 2015-06-19

Geographic coverage: Brazil, Altamira, Santarem

This project collects new data and updates existing population and environmental data on rural and urban residents in the Brazilian Amazon region. New data include follow up surveys in Santarem, urban samples and satellite data for Altamira and Santarem, and a new study site in the epicenter of mechanized soybean expansion in the state of Mato Grosso, at Lucas do Rio Verde. This includes a complete set of data for the previous 30 years of change in the new study site. The resulting data make this the largest social survey carried out in the Amazon region, with more than 1,000 properties and more than 2,500 households, covering an area in excess of 10,000 square kilometers.

Curated

Diffusion of Sustainable Agriculture in the Amazon [Brazil]: A Panel Database, 1996-2000 (ICPSR 3948)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: South America, Brazil, Global

Time period: 1996-01-01--2000-12-31

This study, DIFFUSION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN THE AMAZON [BRAZIL]: A PANEL DATABASE, 1996-2000, is no longer current. Please see DYNAMICS OF HOUSEHOLD LAND USE AND ECONOMIC WELFARE ON THE AMAZON FRONTIER, 1996-2005, RONDONIA, BRAZIL (ICPSR 25322), which includes a third round of panel data (2005), as well as edits and changes to the previous years (1996 and 2000).

This study gathered farm-level panel data in Ouro Preto do Oeste, Rondonia, Brazil, to determine the relationship between household decisions and land use for Amazonian households. This project was initiated in August 1996 when a stratified random sample of 171 farmers in Ouro Preto do Oeste was selected along with 25 households that participate in the Association of Alternative Producers (APA) to investigate the decisions of farmers using slash-and-burn agriculture and others using sustainable methods of farming. The survey questions consisted of inquiries about the household (including age, education level, farming experience, and number of farm animals owned), lot characteristics (including size and division between pasture, forest, agriculture, and agroforestry), harvest of market and subsistence crops, agricultural and other forms of income, and the use of agroforestry and major influences determining farming techniques. Questions about income derived from agriculture provided information about the harvest of all perennial and annual crops, milk harvest and meat harvest, the amount of each item that was sold, and at what price.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Land Use, Agropastoral Production, Family Composition, and Household Economy in Santarem, Para, Brazil, June-August 2003 (ICPSR 34347)

Released/updated on: 2013-04-01

Geographic coverage: Brazil, Global, Santarem

Time period: 2003-01-01--2003-12-31

The 2003 Santarem dataset consists of 8 interconnected datasets and 1 linking file. The primary unit of analysis is the rural property or lot. Each lot in the sample contains a minimum of 1 household with a mean of 1.33 households per lot in the final sample. Within households, data were collected on subsets of individuals as well as additional properties used by the households in the study. These 2003 Santarem data come from interviews with farm families in an agricultural zone south of the city of Santarem in the Brazilian state of Para. Santarem is a relatively old settlement within the Brazilian Amazon that has experienced waves of regional settlement in the 1930s, mid-century, and the 1970s. The study region is adjacent to the confluence of the Amazon and Tapajos Rivers and the northern terminus of the BR-163 (the Cuiaba-Santarem Highway). BR-163 links intensive agropastoral production (particularly mechanized soybean farming) in the state of Mato Grosso to Santarem, where the multinational corporation Cargill runs a deepwater port (opened in 2003) for loading soybeans onto oceangoing ships. The opening of this port has accelerated the process of urbanization and led to a transformation from a landscape of small family farming to a landscape of mechanized agriculture (description adapted from VanWey, Leah K., and Kara B. Cebulko, 2007, Journal of Marriage and the Family 69: 1257-1270). The discourse on deforestation has focused on the alarming rates of deforestation in the Amazon Basin to the neglect of the dynamic and reciprocal influences between the human population and the environment. Deforestation is a process mediated by human intervention, from the act of clearing to how such a clearing is used and managed over time. It would be helpful to know whether observable rates of forest removal represent a stage in the developmental cycle of households or represents the simple and direct impact of increasing population in these environments. From the point of view of theory and method, it is necessary to develop new approaches that effectively link demographic process to the interactive relationship of population to specific aspects of an environmental matrix. This project addressed multiple scales, from household dynamics to landscape dynamics and has developed methods by which to scale between them. We hypothesize that as households occupy frontier areas past the first generation, they move from a strategy of managing their land under the constraints of available household labor to a strategy that gives greater recognition of the constraints posed by land quality and of the risks to their farm operation coming from external socioeconomic forces and biophysical constraints. In the first generation, the labor available to a household is determined by the size of the household making the initial trip to the frontier (primarily young couples is common in frontier regions) and later by the fertility of these initial migrants. As these initial migrants age and their children enter adulthood (thereby becoming the second generation), labor supply is determined by the reproductive and land use choices of these children. Given the precipitous decline in female fertility, other factors gain salience in the second generation: the suitability of the land for various uses, the availability of off-farm employment and educational opportunities (both locally and those requiring migration), and macroeconomic factors affecting the economic viability of farming. These decisions then directly determine the entries into and exits from the household. This study investigated five basic questions: (1) Does the changing availability of household labor over the household life cycle affect the trajectory of deforestation and land use change in the same way for later generations of Amazonian farmers as for first generation in-migrants? (2) What are the determinants of changing household labor supply? Specifically, what are the biophysical and socioeconomic determinants of entries into and exits from the household through fertility, migration, and marriage? (3) How are the decisions of households regarding land use and labor allocation constrained by soil quality, access to water supplies, interannual drought events (e.g. El Nino type events), and other resource scarcities? (4) Are there notable differences in land use choices made by landholders who live in an urban area (away from the piece of land owned in the rural area) in contrast to the decisions made by those who live on their rural properties? (5) What are the bases for the precipitous decline in female fertility in these frontier regions, especially the use of sterilization after two pregnancies? Households will be surveyed in the Santarem region, in the Lower Tapajos Basin, Brazilian Amazon to collect detailed demographic, land-use histories, and economic data. The sampling of households for inclusion in the study will be based on a stratified random sample by period of occupation in Santarem, to capture intergenerational processes that preceded the availability of satellite images. Based on the particular combination of methodologies used in this investigation (traditional household surveys, satellite image analysis, and GIS, and the scaling up and down from households to landscape), future environmental changes were projected for the regional landscape under various scenarios of continued settlement, household life cycles, combinations of credit, and changing environmental conditions.

Curated

Religious Responses to HIV/AIDS in Brazil (ICPSR 35915)

Released/updated on: 2015-06-09

Geographic coverage: South America, Brazil

This project conducts archival research, surveys, participant observation, oral histories, in-depth interviews, life history interviews, and case studies at five study sites in Brazil. Data are collected on the relationship between Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, and Afro-Brazilian religions and HIV/AIDS in Brazil. Topics include how these religions have responded to HIV at the policy, institutional, and population levels; the importance each of these religions places on HIV; and interactions between each religion and local societies, civil society, and the nation-state.

Curated

Representation and Development in Brazil, 1972-1973 (ICPSR 7712)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: South America, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Global, Latin America

Time period: 1972-01-01--1973-12-31

Conducted in 1973-1974 in Brazil, this survey was designed to measure two sets of respondents' preferences regarding salient policy issues, their evaluations of political life and government performance, and their conceptions of relationships between themselves and their representatives in labor unions and in the political arena at large. Interview schedules for each group of respondents are nearly identical, but the sampling frames are very different. Therefore, the data from the separate samples are supplied as Part 1 (Mass Sample) and Part 2 (Union Sample) in two separate files. Variables include respondents' preferences as to which course of action the government should take in each of a series of policy domains, ranging from birth control and income redistribution to the limits on political opposition and governmental controls over organized labor. There are variables indicating respondents' opinions elicited on several current issues of controversy, including the political role of the military, censorship, and the system of indirect elections. The survey also contains data on the respondents' degree of organizational involvement of unionized workers, including variables pertaining to their participation in sindicatos (unions), their evaluation of the performance of the sindicato leadership, and indications of how the represented might hold the leadership to account for their actions. Additional variables deal with membership evaluation of sindicato functions and influence, respondents' party identification, past electoral choices, and evaluations of post-1964 government policies. Other variables include respondents' interest in politics and in the operation of government, as well as their perceptions of the effect of government on their lives. Variables provided by the interviewers include perceptions of the respondents' interest in the interview, the sincerity with which questions were answered, and the presence and behavior of other persons at the interview. A full range of background information is also contained in the data collection, including variables on respondents' age, sex, race, religion, educational level, occupation, income, marital status, birthplace, father's education and occupation, migration, and media use.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Research on Early Life and Aging Trends and Effects (RELATE): A Cross-National Study (ICPSR 34241)

Released/updated on: 2015-05-07

Geographic coverage: Argentina, Puerto Rico, United States, Uruguay, China (Peoples Republic), England, Ghana, India, Russia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Netherlands, Bangladesh, Barbados, Taiwan, Brazil, South Africa, Mexico, Chile, Indonesia

Time period: 1996-01-01--2008-12-31

The Research on Early Life and Aging Trends and Effects (RELATE) study compiles cross-national data that contain information that can be used to examine the effects of early life conditions on older adult health conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, obesity, functionality, mortality, and self-reported health. The complete cross sectional/longitudinal dataset (n=147,278) was compiled from major studies of older adults or households across the world that in most instances are representative of the older adult population either nationally, in major urban centers, or in provinces. It includes over 180 variables with information on demographic and geographic variables along with information about early life conditions and life course events for older adults in low, middle and high income countries. Selected variables were harmonized to facilitate cross national comparisons.

In this first public release of the RELATE data, a subset of the data (n=88,273) is being released. The subset includes harmonized data of older adults from the following regions of the world: Africa (Ghana and South Africa), Asia (China, India), Latin America (Costa Rica, major cities in Latin America), and the United States (Puerto Rico, Wisconsin). This first release of the data collection is composed of 19 downloadable parts: Part 1 includes the harmonized cross-national RELATE dataset, which harmonizes data from parts 2 through 19. Specifically, parts 2 through 19 include data from Costa Rica (Part 2), Puerto Rico (Part 3), the United States (Wisconsin) (Part 4), Argentina (Part 5), Barbados (Part 6), Brazil (Part 7), Chile (Part 8), Cuba (Part 9), Mexico (Parts 10 and 15), Uruguay (Part 11), China (Parts 12, 18, and 19), Ghana (Part 13), India (Part 14), Russia (Part 16), and South Africa (Part 17).

The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) was also used in the compilation of the larger RELATE data set (HRS) (N=12,527), and these data are now available for public release on the HRS data products page. To access the HRS data that are part of the RELATE data set, please see the collection notes below.

Curated

SABE - Survey on Health, Well-Being, and Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2000 (ICPSR 3546)

Released/updated on: 2006-02-17

Geographic coverage: Cuba, Argentina, Barbados, Uruguay, Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Global

Time period: 1999-01-01--2000-12-31

The Survey on Health, Well-Being, and Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean (Project SABE) was conducted during 1999 and 2000 to examine health conditions and functional limitations of persons aged 60 and older in the countries of Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, and Uruguay, with special focus on persons over 80 years of age. Project SABE was administered in the official language of each country: Spanish in Buenos Aires (Argentina), Mexico City (Mexico), Santiago (Chile), Havana (Cuba), and Montevideo (Uruguay), English in Bridgetown (Barbados), and Portuguese in Sao Paulo (Brazil). Goals of the project were to (a) describe the health conditions of older adults (aged 60 and older with special focus on persons over 80) with regard to chronic and acute diseases, disability, and physical and mental impairment, (b) evaluate the extent to which older adults used and had access to health care services, including services that are outside the formal system (local healers, traditional medicine), (c) evaluate the proportional contribution by principal sources of support -- relatives and family networks, public assistance, and private resources (income, assets) -- towards meeting the health-related needs of older adults, (d) evaluate access to health insurance offered by private organizations, governmental institutions, and mixed systems, as well as the extent to which that insurance was actually used, (e) analyze the differentials in the self-evaluation of health conditions, access to health care, and sources of support with regard to socioeconomic group, gender, and birth cohort, (f) evaluate the relationships between strategic factors -- health-related behavior, occupational background, socioeconomic status, gender, and cohort -- and health conditions, according to the health evaluation at the time of the survey, and (g) carry out comparative analyses in countries that share similar characteristics but that differ with regard to such factors as the role of family support, public assistance, access to health services, and health-related behavior and exposure to risk. Demographic variables include age, sex, race, level of education, birthplace, religion, ethnic group, marital status, and income. Also examined were cognitive status, health status, functional status, nutritional status, and use and accessibility of services