Executions in the United States, 1608-1940: The ESPY File -- Summary Data of Executions Collected by M. Watt Espy Between 1986 and 1996 (ICPSR 23900)
Version Date: Dec 12, 2008 View help for published
Principal Investigator(s): View help for Principal Investigator(s)
M. Watt Espy;
Howard Allen, Southern Illinois University - Carbondale;
Jerome M. Clubb, University of Michigan
https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR23900.v1
Version V1
Summary View help for Summary
This collection consists of four summary variables based on new data collected by M. Watt Espy between 1986 and 1996 after he corrected and updated the data in 1992. See the related collection, EXECUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1608-2002: THE ESPY FILE (ICPSR 8451). The summary variables consist of the ethnicity of the executed, the state, territory, district or colony of execution, the decade of execution, and the geographical region of execution. They were complete as of March 1, 1996.
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Geographic Coverage View help for Geographic Coverage
Smallest Geographic Unit View help for Smallest Geographic Unit
United States
Distributor(s) View help for Distributor(s)
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Date of Collection View help for Date of Collection
Universe View help for Universe
Executions that occurred under civil authority in the United States or within territory that later became the United States.
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Data Source View help for Data Source
state Department of Corrections records, newspapers, county histories, proceedings of state and local courts, holdings of historical societies, and other listings of executions
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HideOriginal Release Date View help for Original Release Date
2008-12-12
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2018-02-15 The citation of this study may have changed due to the new version control system that has been implemented. The previous citation was:
- Espy, M. Watt, Howard Allen, and Jerome M. Clubb. Executions in the United States, 1608-1940: The ESPY File -- Summary Data of Executions Collected by M. Watt Espy Between 1986 and 1996. ICPSR23900-v1. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2008-12-12. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR23900.v1
2008-12-12 ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:
- Performed consistency checks.
- Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.
Notes
The public-use data files in this collection are available for access by the general public. Access does not require affiliation with an ICPSR member institution.
ICPSR usually offers files in multiple formats for researchers to be able to access data and documentation in formats that work well within their needs. If you have questions about the accessibility of materials distributed by ICPSR or require further assistance, please visit ICPSR’s Accessibility Center.
This dataset is maintained and distributed by the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD), the criminal justice archive within ICPSR. NACJD is primarily sponsored by three agencies within the U.S. Department of Justice: the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.