Policing the Rainbow: LGBTQ Experiences, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Law Enforcement, United States, 2022 (ICPSR 39125)

Version Date: May 29, 2025

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Principal Investigator(s):
Stefan Vogler, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Valerie Jenness, University of California, Irvine

https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR39125.v1

Version V1

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Alternate Title

Policing the Rainbow

Summary

Policing the Rainbow is a mixed-methods study utilizing qualitative interviews and a survey conducted through the AmeriSpeak Panel at NORC at the University of Chicago. The aim of Policing the Rainbow was to better understand the relationship between law enforcement and the LGBTQ community.

Citation

Vogler, Stefan, and Jenness, Valerie. Policing the Rainbow: LGBTQ Experiences, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Law Enforcement, United States, 2022. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2025-05-29. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR39125.v1

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Funding

United States Department of Justice. Office of Justice Programs. National Institute of Justice (15PNIJ-21-GG-02715-RESS)

Subject Terms

Geographic Coverage

Smallest Geographic Unit

Census Divisions

Restrictions

Access to these data is restricted. Users interested in obtaining these data must complete a Restricted Data Use Agreement, specify the reason for the request, and obtain IRB approval or notice of exemption for their research.

Distributor(s)

Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
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Time Period(s)

2022

Date of Collection

2022-08-05 -- 2022-08-26

Data Collection Notes

  1. For additional information on the Policing the Rainbow study, please visit the Policing the Rainbow website.

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Study Purpose

The purpose of the study is to capture and consider respondents' cultural and social milieu, in addition to capturing experiences and measuring important perceptions that assist in understanding LGBTQ+ people's experiences with and attitudes towards the police.

Study Design

The AmeriSpeak panel at NORC at the University of Chicago was used to conduct the Policing the Rainbow survey. There were 1,598 adults surveyed from the NORC National Frame. In addition to the survey, LGBTQ+ respondents were selected for an in-depth qualitative interview. More information on the study design is available in page 2 of the user guide for secondary analysis.

Sample

The AmeriSpeak panel used for this study utilizes area probability and address-based sampling, and is designed to be representative of the US household population with a sample coverage of approximately 97%. More information on sampling is available in page 2 of the user guide for secondary analysis.

Time Method

Longitudinal: Panel

Universe

U.S. population age 18+ with LGBT oversample

Unit(s) of Observation

Individual

Data Type(s)

Mode of Data Collection

Description of Variables

The data includes variables about experiences, attitudes, and perceptions of law enforcement; political ideology, community involvement, media consumption, and social support.

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Original Release Date

2025-05-29

Version History

2025-05-29 ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:

  • Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.

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Weight

Study specific base weights and study specific final weights are included in the data. Each set of weights are further divided into weights used for analyzing the full sample and weights used for analyzing only LGBTQ+ people within the sample. Pages 3 and 4 of the user guide for secondary analysis provide more information on the parameters accounted for in each set of weights and instructions on how to apply the weights.

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Notes

  • The public-use data files in this collection are available for access by the general public. Access does not require affiliation with an ICPSR member institution.

  • One or more files in this data collection have special restrictions. Restricted data files are not available for direct download from the website; click on the Restricted Data button to learn more.