National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Primary and Secondary Roads by Census Tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 2010 and 2020 (ICPSR 38585)

Version Date: May 20, 2024

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Principal Investigator(s):
Longrong Pan, University of Michigan. Institute for Social Research; Robert Melendez, University of Michigan. Institute for Social Research; Philippa Clarke, University of Michigan. Institute for Social Research; Grace Noppert, University of Michigan. Institute for Social Research; Lindsay Gypin, University of Michigan. Institute for Social Research

Series:

https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR38585.v2

Version V2 ()

  • V2 [2024-05-20]
  • V1 [2022-11-10] unpublished
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Summary

This collection contains measures of primary and secondary roads (highways and main arteries) per United States census tract and per United States ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) in 2010 and 2020. These measures may be used as a proxy for heavy traffic, high traffic speeds, and impediments to walking or biking. Variables include: counts of primary, secondary, and all streets per tract and per ZCTA; total length of primary, secondary, and all streets per tract and per ZCTA; ratio of primary and/or secondary road counts to all roads; and ratio of length of primary/secondary roads to all streets.

Citation

Pan, Longrong, Melendez, Robert, Clarke, Philippa, Noppert, Grace, and Gypin, Lindsay. National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Primary and Secondary Roads by Census Tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 2010 and 2020. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2024-05-20. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR38585.v2

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Funding

United States Department of Health and Human Services. Administration for Community Living. National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (90RTHF0001), United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute on Aging (RF1-AG-057540), United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute of Nursing Research (U01NR020556), United States Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities (U01NR020556)

Subject Terms

Geographic Coverage

Smallest Geographic Unit

census tract and ZIP code tabulation area

Distributor(s)

Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
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Time Period(s)

2010, 2020

Date of Collection

2020 -- 2021

Data Collection Notes

  1. The data and documentation for National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Primary and Secondary Roads by Census Tract, United States, 2010 and National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Primary and Secondary Roads by ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 2010 were originally deposited in openICPSR.
  2. A ZIP code to ZCTA crosswalk must be used to combine this dataset with ZIP code geocoded data. A crosswalk and sample code for merging the crosswalk with National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA) datasets are available in the ICPSR Linkage Library.

  3. Data users interested in walkability and neighborhood disamenities (such as pollution and traffic) might find useful data in these other NaNDA datasets:

  4. Data users interested in other resources that contribute to walkability, such as parks, public transit, and retail and other destinations, may find the following additional NaNDA datasets to be of use:

  5. For additional information see the National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA).
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Study Purpose

In order to investigate the impact of disamenities (Weiss et al., 2011) on neighborhood walkability, this study describes the number and proportion of primary and secondary roads per census tract and ZIP code tabulation area in the United States.

Study Design

The research team used ArcGIS Desktop and the 2010/2020 TIGER/Line all lines (edges) shapefiles for all U.S. counties to identify edges that represented three types of roads: primary roads (limited-access highways with on- and off-ramps and are typically part of the interstate or state highway system), secondary roads (two or more lanes, intersect directly with other roads, and are generally part of a state or county road system), and all streets. Classification of roads as primary or secondary is based on the MAF/TIGER Feature Class Code (MTFCC), a five-character code used to classify features of the landscape and built environment (U.S. Census Bureau, 2016). The team then assigned roads to census tracts/ZIP code tabulation areas (ZCTA) using the TIGER/Line topological faces shapefile.

To create the final datasets, the team aggregated the total number and length of all streets, primary roads, secondary roads, and both primary/secondary roads per census tract/ZCTA, as well as calculated ratios of total primary and/or secondary roads to all streets and length of primary and/or secondary roads to length of all streets.

Time Method

Cross-sectional

Universe

Census tracts and ZIP code tabulation areas in the United States, excluding U.S. island territories.

Unit(s) of Observation

ZIP code tabulation area, census tract

Data Source

Data and documentation for the ZCTA-level data were originally deposited in openICPSR project 159941.

United States Census Bureau. "TIGER/Line Topological Faces Shapefile, 2010 Census Geography (2010 Version)," 2010.

United States Census Bureau. "TIGER/Line Topological Faces Shapefile, 2020 Census Geography (2020 Version)," 2021.

Data and documentation for the census tract-level data were originally deposited in openICPSR project 159902.

United States Census Bureau. "TIGER/Line All Lines Shapefile, 2010 Census Geography (2010 Version)," 2010.

United States Census Bureau. "TIGER/Line All Lines Shapefile, 2020 Census Geography (2020 Version)," 2021.

United States Census Bureau. "Decennial Census 2010, Summary File 1, Geographic Header Files," 2010.

Data Type(s)

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Original Release Date

2022-11-10

Version History

2024-05-20 DS3 (Primary and Secondary Roads by Census Tract 2020 Data) and DS4 (Primary and Secondary Roads by ZIP Code Tabulation Area 2020 Data) have been added with accompanying documentation. DS1 (Primary and Secondary Roads by Census Tract 2010 Data) and DS2 (Primary and Secondary Roads by ZIP Code Tabulation Area 2010 Data) and the accompanying documentation has been re-released to update the study title, cover pages, and data set names - no data changes have been made.

2022-11-10 ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:

  • Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.

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Notes

  • The public-use data files in this collection are available for access by the general public. Access does not require affiliation with an ICPSR member institution.