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This dataset contains measures of the number and density of businesses and their employees deemed essential in the first year (2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic by the US Department of Homeland Security’s Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) in versions 3.0 (April 17, 2020) and 4.0 (August 18, 2020) of their advisory guidance on the essential critical infrastructure workforce. Measures are provided for 2020 per United States Census Tract or ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA). This 2020 dataset includes four separate files for four different geographic areas (GIS shapefiles from the United States Census Bureau). The four geographies include:

• Census Tract 2010
• Census Tract 2020
• ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) 2010
• ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) 2020

Information about which dataset to use can be found in the Usage Notes section of the data documentation.

Launched on April 28, 2009, Kickstarter is a Public Benefit Corporation based in Brooklyn, New York. It is a global crowdfunding platform that helps to fund new creative projects and ideas through direct support from individuals (backers) from around the world who pledge money to bring these projects and ideas to life.

Kickstarter supports many different kinds of projects. Everything from films, games, and music to art, design, and technology. Funding on Kickstarter is based on the all-or-nothing model. Backers who pledge their support towards a particular project won't be charged unless the funding goal has been reached. Successfully funded projects reward their backers with one-of-a-kind experiences, e.g., limited editions, or copies of the creative work being produced.

This study includes three datasets: (1) Kickstarter Project (public-use file), (2) Backer Location file, and (3) Kickstarter Project (restricted-use file). The public-use Kickstarter Project dataset contains detailed information about all successful and unsuccessful Kickstarter projects (N=610,015) from 2009-2023, including the project category and subcategory, project location (city, state (for U.S.-based projects), and country), funding goal in original and U.S. currencies, amount pledged in dollars, and the number of backers for each project. The restricted file adds the project title, 150-character project description, and the URL for the project on the Kickstarter site. The Backer Location dataset includes information about backers' country and state and the total amount pledged for each geographic location.

The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor [GEM] research program was developed to provide comparisons among countries related to participation of adults in the firm creation process. The initial data was assembled as a pretest of five countries in 1998 and by 2012 over 100 countries had been involved in the program. The initial design for the GEM initiative was based on the first US Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics, and by 2012 data from 1,827,513 individuals had been gathered in 563 national samples and 6 specialized regional samples.

This dataset is a harmonized file capturing results from all of the surveys. The procedure has been to harmonize the basic items across all surveys in all years, followed by implementing a standardized transform to identify those active as nascent entrepreneurs in the start-up process, as owner-managers of new firms, or as owner-managers of established firms. Those identified as nascent entrepreneurs or new business owners are the basis for the Total Entrepreneurial Activity [TEA] or Total Early-Stage index. This harmonized, consolidated assessment not only facilitates comparisons across countries, but provides a basis for temporal comparisons for individual countries.

Respondents were queried on the following main topics: general entrepreneurship, start-up activities, ownership and management of the firm, and business angels (angel investors). Respondents were initially screened by way of a series of general questions pertaining to starting a business, such as whether they were currently trying to start a new business, whether they knew anyone who had started a new business, whether they thought it was a good time to start a new business, as well as their perceptions of the income potential and the prestige associated with starting a new business. Demographic variables include respondent age, sex, and employment status.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Health and Health Care Priorities, a survey by Harvard School of Public Health/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by ICR Survey Research Group. Topics covered in this survey include:

• Important health problems
• Satisfaction with state of nation
• Severity of health issues
• Organizations that improve health care
• Important laws to pass

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Health Insurance Coverage Survey, a survey by Harvard School of Public Health/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by ICR Survey Research Group. Topics covered in this survey include:

• Important Health Problems
• Satisfaction
• Important Health Issues
• Uninsured
• Health Plans
• Financial Consequences
• News and Consequences
• News

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Public Health Priorities, a survey by Harvard School of Public Health/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by ICR Survey Research Group. Topics covered in this survey include:

• Goals of health professionals

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Poll # 2006-QUALITY: Quality of Care, a survey from the Harvard School of Public Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by ICR-International Communications Research. Topics covered in this survey include:

• Information that would tell the quality of a doctor/medical practice/clinic in comparison to others
• Choice of doctors
• Receipt of information rating doctors/clinics in the community
• Use of information received about ratings of doctors/clinics in making decisions about where to get care
• Use of ratings of doctors/clinic from sources
• Personal health
• Health insurance coverage

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092316]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 125 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Poll # 2006-TOBACCO1: Tobacco Survey, a survey from the Harvard School of Public Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by ICR-International Communications Research. Topics covered in this survey include:

• Opinion on smoking in public places
• Favor/oppose total ban on smoking in public places
• Favor/oppose using money from cigarette taxes to pay for programs to help smokers quit
• Perceived amount of state tobacco taxes spent on control/prevention initiatives
• Importance of state government spending of money on control/prevention initiatives
• Effectiveness of ways of quitting smoking
• Personal smoking habits

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092317]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 122 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of the Subethnicities Survey, a survey from the Harvard School of Public Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by ICR-International Communications Research. Topics covered in this survey include:

• Family heritage
• Country born
• Childhood obesity
• Quality of healthcare system in the United States
• Visit of emergency room
• Prescription

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092323]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 172 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of the 2013 poll The Public's Health Care Agenda for the 113th Congress, a survey from Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard School of Public Health/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Most important Congressional issues
• Role of government in health care system
• One way to improve health care
• When to work on budget deficit
• Best way to reduce deficit
• Support for program spending reductions
• Support for deficit reduction proposals
• View of 2010 healthcare law
• Importance of government insurance programs to family
• Medicare working well
• Wealthier seniors paying higher premiums
• Changes to Medicare to reduce deficit
• Raising eligibility age
• Need for Medicare reductions
• Program cuts without increasing costs
• State government priorities
• Medicaid working well
• State participation in Medicaid funding
• Greatest health threats to Americans
• Priorities of federal spending
• Preventative care saving money in long run

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092360]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 185 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Sick in America, a survey from National Public Radio, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the Harvard School of Public Health, conducted by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Quality of health care
• Health care costs as problem
• Reasons for health care quality problems
• Focus of doctor visits
• Reasons for rising health care costs
• Health care as good value
• Agreement with doctor statements
• Amount of doctors
• Doctor visits for check-up
• Personal insurance coverage
• Uninsured
• Overnight hospital stays
• Satisfaction with hospital medical care
• Medical care costs as reasonable
• Description of hospital stays
• Serious illness
• Interactions with medical professionals
• Impact of medical care costs on family
• Receiving care every time it's needed
• Being turned away for health care
• Insurance premiums as financial problem
• Out of pocket medical costs
• Negotiating lower charges
• Problems paying for insurance
• Changing regular doctor
• Personal financial situation

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092354]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 159 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of African Americans' Lives Today, a survey from National Public Radio, the Harvard School of Public Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS). Topics covered in this survey include:

• Satisfaction with life and environment
• Life improvements
• Satisfaction with living area
• Living area improvements
• Most important local issue
• Other black people in area
• Amount of black friends
• Economic class
• Rating various public institutions
• Rating quality of various resources
• Amount of discrimination
• Reason for discrimination
• Personal financial situation
• Economic class growing up
• Achieving American dream
• Better off than parents
• Importance of religion
• Making decisions about children
• Child schooling
• Rating child's school
• Black children in school
• Desired level of child's education
• Seeking long-term relationship
• Desire to marry
• Satisfaction with dating opportunities
• Race of romantic dates
• Looking for work
• Career success
• Unemployment concerns
• Health insurance and healthcare
• Access to care
• Medical expenses
• Quality of doctors
• Health and wellness
• Social and family life

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092356]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 204 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of Poll # 2005-NURSE: Nursing Shortage, a survey from the Harvard School of Public Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by ICR-International Communications Research. Topics covered in this survey include:

• Rating of quality of health care provided by hospitals
• Reasons for poor quality hospital care
• Nursing shortage
• Recent hospitalization in family
• Number of nurses working during recent hospitalization
• Quality of nursing care received during hospitalization
• Choosing a hospital based on quality of nursing care
• 'Magnet' hospitals

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of the Subethnicities Survey, a survey from the Harvard School of Public Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by ICR-International Communications Research. Topics covered in this survey include:

• Family heritage
• Country born
• Healthcare system in U.S.
• Healthcare experiences
• Public health in the U.S.
• Avian or Bird Flu

The Small Business Pulse Survey (Business Pulse) measures the effect of changing business conditions during the Coronavirus pandemic on our nation's small businesses. Small businesses are nonfarm, single-location employer businesses with 1-499 employees and receipts of $1,000 or more in the 50 states, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.

Business Pulse complements existing U.S. Census Bureau data collections by providing high-frequency, detailed information on the challenges small businesses are facing during the Coronavirus pandemic as well as their participation in federal programs such as the Paycheck Protection Program.

The survey includes information about small business operations and finances, requests and receipt of assistance, and measures of overall well-being and expectations for recovery. Data are available for states and large metropolitan areas, and by sector, including sector 71 (arts, entertainment, and recreation), which includes performing arts companies, museums, spectator sports, and amusement industries.

Survey results give local, state, and federal officials essential real-time data to aid in policy and decision-making. In addition, the information may aid businesses in making economic decisions and assist researchers studying the effects of the pandemic.

In 2014, the United States Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service (USDA ERS) conducted the Rural Establishment Innovation Survey (REIS). This survey provides a nationally representative sample of innovation processes in rural businesses. REIS defines innovation as the introduction of new goods, services, or ways of doing business that are valued by consumers. Traditional measures from secondary data sources, such as patents or research and development (R&D) expenditures, focus on science and engineering-based innovation, which usually depict rural innovation as rare or idiosyncratic. By focusing instead on a broader definition of innovation, the REIS provides a fuller assessment of rural innovative capacity.

The main research questions for this survey were:

• Are rural firms as innovative as urban firms?
• What constraints are impeding the innovative capacity of firms?
• What strategies are innovative firms using to mitigate these constraints?

The target population for the survey was Nonmetro and metro establishments with 5 or more employees in tradable sectors (mining, manufacturing, wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing, finance, information, professional/technical/scientific services, arts and management of businesses). REIS used the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages Business Register for its sampling frame. Responses from 11,600 businesses were usable.

These data include responses from businesses in the Arts & Museums industry category. These businesses were oversampled by a factor of 3.3 to ensure reliable statistics.

The REIS data are restricted and require users to apply for access to the data. For permission to access to these data, visit the ERS Rural Economy Population: Business Industry page and scroll to the bottom of the page for contact information. If permission to access the data is granted, the data can be viewed through the NORC data enclave.

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.

This round of Eurobarometer surveys covers the following special topics: (1) E-Communications, and (2) Corruption. In regard to the E-Communications, respondents were queried about goods they own such as television, music player, DVD player, computer, household and mobile telephone. They were also asked about internet access and its use for phone calls, quality of their mobile network service as well as the cost and utility. In regard to corruption, respondents were asked if they were required to make an extra payment, gift or donation to a hospital or hospital staff for care. Opinions were collected on the degree of acceptable gift giving, scope of corruption in the country, change in corruption over the last three years, which groups are involved in widespread corruption and knowledge of case corruption and bribes for services.

Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or a mobile telephone and other goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

The Statistical Abstract of the United States, published since 1878, is the authoritative and comprehensive summary of statistics on the social, political, and economic organization of the United States.

The Abstract may be used for statistical reference, and as a guide to sources of more information both in print and on the Web. Sources of data include the Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bureau of Economic Analysis, and many other Federal agencies and private organizations.