China Multi-Generational Panel Dataset, Liaoning (CMGPD-LN), 1749-1909 (ICPSR 27063)

Version Date: Sep 6, 2016 View help for published

Principal Investigator(s): View help for Principal Investigator(s)
James Z. Lee, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. School of Humanities and Social Science; Cameron D. Campbell, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Series:

https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR27063.v10

Version V10

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The China Multi-Generational Panel Dataset - Liaoning (CMGPD-LN) is drawn from the population registers compiled by the Imperial Household Agency (neiwufu) in Shengjing, currently the northeast Chinese province of Liaoning, between 1749 and 1909. It provides 1.5 million triennial observations of more than 260,000 residents from 698 communities. The population mainly consists of immigrants from North China who settled in rural Liaoning during the early eighteenth century, and their descendants. The data provide socioeconomic, demographic, and other characteristics for individuals, households, and communities, and record demographic outcomes such as marriage, fertility, and mortality. The data also record specific disabilities for a subset of adult males. Additionally, the collection includes monthly and annual grain price data, custom records for the city of Yingkou, as well as information regarding natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, and earthquakes. This dataset is unique among publicly available population databases because of its time span, volume, detail, and completeness of recording, and because it provides longitudinal data not just on individuals, but on their households, descent groups, and communities.

Lee, James Z., and Campbell, Cameron D. China Multi-Generational Panel Dataset, Liaoning (CMGPD-LN), 1749-1909. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2016-09-06. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR27063.v10

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United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD057175), Shanghai Jiao Tong University. School of Humanities, University of California-Los Angeles. California Center for Population Research, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. School of Humanities and Social Science

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This data collection may not be used for any purpose other than statistical reporting and analysis. Use of these data to learn the identity of any person or establishment is prohibited. To protect respondent privacy, some data files in this collection are restricted from general dissemination. To obtain these restricted files, researchers must agree to the terms and conditions of a Restricted Data Use Agreement.

Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
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1749 -- 1909
1985 -- 2009
  1. Preparation of the CMGPD-LN dataset and documentation for public release via ICPSR DSDR was supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD), grant R01HD057175 "Multi-Generation Family and Life History Panel Dataset", with funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.

  2. There was no R file produced for the Kinship dataset due to a memory issue that could not be resolved. If you are an R user, it is recommended that you download the data in a different format and use the package 'foreign' to import the data file.

  3. The Disability and Position supplements are intended to be merged with the Analytic dataset using the variables DATASET, DISABILITY_CODE, POSITION_CODE, and POSITION_2_CODE.

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Possible applications of the dataset include the study of relationships between demographic behavior, family organization, and socioeconomic status across the life course and across generations, the influence of region and community on demographic outcomes, and development and assessment of quantitative methods for the analysis of complex longitudinal datasets.

The data are from 725 surviving triennial registers from 29 distinct populations. Each of the 29 register series corresponded to a specific rural population concentrated in a small number of neighboring villages. These populations were affiliated with the Eight Banner civil and military administration that the Qing state used to govern northeast China as well as some other parts of the country. 16 of the 29 populations are regular bannermen. In these populations adult males had generous allocations of land from the state, and in return paid an annual fixed tax to the Imperial Household Agency, and provided to the Imperial Household Agency such home products as homespun fabric and preserved meat, and/or such forest products as mushrooms. In addition, as regular bannermen they were liable for military service as artisans and soldiers which, while in theory an obligation, was actually an important source of personal revenue and therefore a political privilege. 8 of the 29 populations are special duty banner populations. As in the regular banner population, the adult males in the special duty banner populations also enjoyed state allocated land free of rent. These adult males were also assigned to provide special services, including collecting honey, raising bees, fishing, picking cotton, and tanning and dyeing. The remaining populations were a diverse mixture of estate banner and servile populations. The populations covered by the registers, like much of the population of rural Liaoning in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, were mostly descendants of Han Chinese settlers who came from Shandong and other nearby provinces in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries in response to an effort by the Chinese state to repopulate the region.

Village, Individual, Household

The data are drawn from population registers.

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2010-06-22

2018-02-15 The citation of this study may have changed due to the new version control system that has been implemented. The previous citation was:

  • Lee, James Z., and Cameron D. Campbell. China Multi-Generational Panel Dataset, Liaoning (CMGPD-LN), 1749-1909. ICPSR27063-v10. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2016-09-06. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR27063.v10

2016-09-06 2016-09-06 The Training Guide has been updated to version 3.60. Additionally, the Principal Investigator affiliation has been corrected, and cover sheets for all PDF documents have been revised.

2014-07-10 Releasing new study level documentation that contains the tables found in the appendix of the Analytic dataset codebook.

2014-06-10 The data and documentation have been updated following re-evaluation.

2014-01-29 Fixing variable format issues. Some variables that were supposed to be string were numeric in Parts 1 and 3.

2013-08-21 Question text was added to Parts 1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 in order to include additional information about the data's historical context, Chinese language terminology, and collection methods.

2012-11-27 The User Guide and Training Guide were updated.

2012-11-21 Parts 1 and 3 were updated, and parts 7 through 11 were added. Specifically, part 1 was updated to correct a problem with the "Zu-zhang" variable, and other variables associated with positions and statuses may have experienced minor changes. Part 3 was updated to add the "position_2_code" variable. The new parts added include the Position 2 Supplement data (Part 7), Monthly Grain Prices data (Part 8), Annual Grain Prices Data (Part 9), Yingkou Custom Records (Part 10), and Natural Disasters data (Part 11). Finally, the user guide was updated to reflect the aforementioned changes, and an additional documentation file ("Training Guide") was added.

2011-09-02 Two parts are being added, Disability and Position. This release will also include updates to the Analytic and Kinship files.

2011-06-27 The Analytic and Kinship datasets were added to the study, along with 2 tables regarding disabilities and positions.

2011-03-16 The User Guide has been updated.

2011-02-07 The User Guide has been updated, and the Restrictions field was updated.

2011-01-12 The Restricted dataset was added, along with a location translation table document.

2010-12-03 The user guide has been updated.

2010-10-01 An updated version of the user guide has been added, as well as an updated version of the ICPSR codebook.

2010-08-25 A User Guide has been added to this study.

2010-08-17 The study title, principal investigator information, summary, and sampling fields have been updated.

2010-06-22 ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:

  • Created variable labels and/or value labels.
  • Standardized missing values.
  • Created online analysis version with question text.
  • Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.

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Thesis Thesis
Book Section
2010
Feng, Wang, Campbell, Cameron, Lee, James Z. Agency, hierarchies, and reproduction in Northeastern China, 1789 to 1840. Prudence and Pressure: Reproduction and Human Agency in Europe and Asia, 1700-1900. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, .

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Document
2013
Song, Xi, Campbell, Cameron D., Lee, James Z. Ancestry Matters: Descent Line Growth and Extinction. .
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Journal Article
2015
Song, Xi, Campbell, Cameron D., Lee, James Z. Ancestry matters: Patrilineage growth and extinction. American Sociological Review. 80, (3), 574-602.
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Book Section
2017
Campbell, C., Kurosu, S. Asian historical demography. Routledge Handbook of Asian Demography. .
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Book
2001
Liu, Ts'ui-jung, Lee, James, Reher, David, Saito, Osamu, Feng, Wang Asian Population History. International Studies in Demography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, .

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Journal Article
2018
Gutmann, Myron P., Merchant, Emily Klancher, Roberts, Evan 'Big Data' in Economic History. Journal of Economic History. 78, (1), 268-299.
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Book Section
2014
Chen, Shuang, Campbell, Cameron, Lee, James Categorical inequality and gender difference: Marriage and remarriage in Northeast China, 1749-1913. Similarity in Difference: Marriage in Europe and Asia, 1700-1900. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, .
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Book Section
1999
Campbell, Cameron, Lee, James Causes and consequences of household division in Northeast China, 1789-1909. Hunyin yu jiating: Dongxi bijiao shi (Marriage and Family, East-West Comparative Methods). Beijing, China: Peking University Press, .

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Book Section
1995
Lee, James, Campbell, Cameron, Anthony, Lawrence A century of mortality in rural Liaoning, 1774-1873. Chinese Historical Microdemography. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, .

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Journal Article
1990
Lavely, William, Lee, James, Feng, Wang Chinese demography: The state of the field. Journal of Asian Studies. 50, (1), 807-834.
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Document
2010
Lee, James Z., Campbell, Cameron, Chen, Shuang China Multi-Generational Panel Dataset, Liaoning (CMGPD-LN) 1749-1909. User Guide. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research.

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Journal Article
1989
Lee, James, Gjerde, Jon Comparative morphology of stem, joint, and nuclear household systems: Norway, China, and the United States. Continuity and Change. 1, 89-112.
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Journal Article
1996
Campbell, Cameron, Lee, James A death in the family: Household structure and mortality in rural Liaoning, life-event and time-series analysis, 1792-1867. History of the Family. 1, (3), 297-328.
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Conference Presentation
2011
Oeppen, Jim Decomposing the Evolution of Frailty in the China Multi-Generational Panel Dataset, 1749-1909. Annual Conference of the Population Association of America, Session 126: Historical Mortality Patterns. Washington, DC.
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Book Section
2010
Campbell, Cameron, Lee, James Demographic impacts of climatic fluctuations in Northeast China, 1749-1909. Demographic Responses to Economic and Environmental Crisis. Kashiwa: Reitaku University Press, .

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Thesis
2015
Chen, Bijia Determinants of Interethnic Marriage in 19th Century China. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. [thesis]
Conference Presentation
2015
Chen, Bijia, Campbell, Cameron, Dong, Hao, Lee, James Determinants of Interethnic Marriage in 19th Century China. annual meeting of the Population Association of America. San Diego, CA.
Conference Presentation
2015
Chen, Bijia, Campbell, Cameron, Dong, Hao Determinants of Interethnic Marriage in a Northeast Chinese Community in the 19th Century. annual meeting of the Social Science History Association. Baltimore, MD.
Journal Article
2018
Zang, Emma, Zheng, Hui Does the sex ratio at sexual maturity affect men's later-life mortality risks? Evidence from historical China. Social Science and Medicine. 202, 61-69.
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Conference Presentation
2016
Zang, Emma, Hui Zheng Does the sex ratio at sexual maturity affect men’s later life mortality risks? Evidence from Northeast China, 1789-1909. Annual Meeting of the Social Science History Association. Chicago, IL.

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Conference Presentation
2015
Zang, Emma, Zheng, Hui Does the sex ratio at sexual maturity affect men’s later life mortality risks? Evidence from Northeast China, 1789-1909. 110th Annual Meeting of American Sociological Association. Chicago, IL.

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Thesis
2016
Patriarchy, Family System and Kin Effects on Individual Demographic Behavior throughout the Life Course: East Asia, 1678-1945 Dong, Hao. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. [dissertation]
Journal Article
2008
Campbell, Cameron, Lee, James Economic conditions and male first marriage in Northeast China, 1749-1909. Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies. 8, (1), 17-42.
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Conference Presentation
2014
Dong, Hao, Kurosu, Satomi, Yang, Wen-shan, Lee, James Z. Effects of kin and birth order on male child mortality: An East Asian comparison of three historical populations. European Population Conference 2014. Budapest, Hungary.
Full Text Options: Abstract 

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2018
Pan, Guanghui Elite Status Attainment in Late-Imperial China: State-Centralism, Consanguinity, and Regionalism Perspectives. ICSA 2018 Asia Conference of International Chinese Sociological Association. Hong Kong SAR.

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Thesis
2015
Song, Xi Essays on Social Stratification in Multiple Generations. University of California, Los Angeles. [dissertation]

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2021
Lee, Wang-Sheng, Li, Ben G. Extreme weather and mortality: Evidence from two millennia of Chinese elites. Journal of Health Economics. 76, (102401), .
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2003
Campbell, Cameron D., Lee, James Z. Family Organization, Disability, and Mortality in Rural China, 1749-1909. Population Association of America 2003 Annual Meeting. Minneapolis, MN.
Full Text Options: Abstract 

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Book
1997
Lee, James, Campbell, Cameron Fate and Fortune in Rural China: Social Organization and Population Behavior in Liaoning, 1774-1873. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, .

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Journal Article
2010
Campbell, Cameron, Lee, James Z. Fertility control in historical China revisited: New methods for an old debate. History of the Family. 15, (4), 370-385.
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2023
Cheng, Wenhao Forced Opening and Enhanced Kinship Network - Evidence from Pre-modern China. British Society for Population Studies (BSPS) 50th Anniversary Conference. Keele, United Kingdom.

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2023
Cheng, Wenhao Forced Opening and Reinforced Patriarchal Institutions: Theory and Evidence from Pre-modern China. 2023 European Winter Meeting of the Econometric Society (EWMES 2023). Manchester, UK.

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2024
Cheng, Wenhao Forced Opening and Reinforced Patrilineal Power: Theory and Evidence from Pre-modern China. 2024 Asian Meeting of the Econometric Society. Hangzhou, China.
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2023
Cheng, Wenhao Forced Opening and Reinforced Patrilineal Power: Theory and Evidence from Pre-modern China. .
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Thesis
2011
Lee, Byung Ho Forging the Imperial Nation: Imperialism, Nationalism, and Ethnic Boundaries in China's Longue Duree. University of Michigan . [dissertation]

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Journal Article
2001
Campbell, Cameron, Lee, James Free and unfree labor in Qing China: Emigration and escape among the bannermen of northeast China, 1789-1909. History of the Family. 6, (4), 455-476.
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2012
Ruggles, Steven The future of historical family demography. Annual Review of Sociology. 38, 423-441.
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2017
Song, Xi, Campbell, Cameron D. Genealogical microdata and their significance for social science. Annual Review of Sociology. 43, 75-99.
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2017
Liu, Yuhua, Dai, Sicheng, Wang, Changbo, Zhou, Zhiguang, Qu, Huamin GenealogyVis: A system for visual analysis of multidimensional genealogical data. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems. 47, (6), 873-885.
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Book Section
1998
Campbell, Cameron, Lee, James Getting a head in northeast China: Headship succession in four banner serf populations, 1789-1909. House and the stem family in EurAsian perspective. Proceedings of the C18 session. Twelfth International Economic History Congress, August 1998. Kyoto, Japan: International Research Center for Japanese Studies, .

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1998
Lee, James, Campbell, Cameron Headship succession and household division in three Chinese banner serf populations, 1789-1909. Continuity and Change. 13, (1), 117-141.
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2020
Campbell, Cameron, Lee, James Historical Chinese microdata: 40 years of dataset construction by the Lee-Campbell Research Group. Historical Life Course Studies. 9, (4), 130-157.
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1997
Lee, James The historical demography of late imperial China: Recent research results and implications. China's Quest for Modernization. Berkeley: University of California, Institute of East Asian Studies, .

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2015
Dong, Hao, Campbell, Cameron, Kurosu, Satomi, Lee, James Z. Household context and individual departure: The case of escape in three 'unfree' East Asian populations, 1700-1900. 1, (4), 515-539.
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2000
Campbell, Cameron, Lee, James Households, household groups, and individual outcomes in Liaoning, 1789-1909. Family Structures, Demography and Population. A Comparison of Societies in Asia and Europe. Liège, Belgium: Laboratoire de Démographie de l'Université de Liège, .

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2017
Fu, Siwei, Dong, Hao, Cui, Weiwei, Zhao, Jian, Qu, Huamin How do ancestral traits shape family trees over generations?. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. PP, (99), .
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Report
2013
Xu, Yi, Foldvari, Peter, Van Leeuwen, Bas Human Capital in Qing China: Economic Determinism or a History of Failed Opportunities? . MPRA Paper No. 43525. Munich, Germany: Munich Personal RePEc Archive.
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2000
Lee, James, Songyi, Guo, Yizhuang, Ding Hunyin, jiating, yu renkou xingwei: Dongxi bijiao (Marriage, Family Formation, and Population Behavior: East-West Comparisons). Peking: Peking University Press, .

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2002
Campbell, Cameron, Lee, James Z., Elliott, Mark Identity construction and reconstruction: Naming and Manchu ethnicity in Northeast China, 1749-1909. Historical Methods. 35, (3), 101-116.
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Book Section
1992
Lee, James, Campbell, Cameron, Guofu, Tan Infanticide and family planning in rural Liaoning, 1774-1873. Chinese History in Economic Perspective. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, .

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