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Curated
Simple Crosstabs

COVID-19 U.S. State Policy Database, 2020-2022 (ICPSR 39377)

Released/updated on: 2025-10-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2020-01-01--2022-01-01
The COVID-19 U.S. State Policy Database tracks state policies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was created by researchers at the Boston University School of Public Health and includes data on closures, shelter-in-place orders, housing protections, changes to Medicaid and SNAP, physical distancing closures, reopening, and more. Policies included are state-wide directives or mandates, not guidance or recommendations. In order for a policy to be included, it must have applied to the entire state.
Curated

Evaluation of the Children at Risk Program in Austin, Texas, Bridgeport, Connecticut, Memphis, Tennessee, Savannah, Georgia, and Seattle, Washington, 1993-1997 (ICPSR 2686)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-30
The Children at Risk (CAR) Program was a comprehensive, neighborhood-based strategy for preventing drug use, delinquency, and other problem behaviors among high-risk youth living in severely distressed neighborhoods. The goal of this research project was to evaluate the long-term impact of the CAR program using experimental and quasi-experimental group comparisons. Experimental comparisons of the treatment and control groups selected within target neighborhoods examined the impact of CAR services on individual youths and their families. These services included intensive case management, family services, mentoring, and incentives. Quasi-experimental comparisons were needed in each city because control group youths in the CAR sites were exposed to the effects of neighborhood interventions, such as enhanced community policing and enforcement activities and some expanded court services, and may have taken part in some of the recreational activities after school. CAR programs in five cities -- Austin, TX, Bridgeport, CT, Memphis, TN, Seattle, WA, and Savannah, GA -- took part in this evaluation. In the CAR target areas, juveniles were identified by case managers who contacted schools and the courts to identify youths known to be at risk. Random assignment to the treatment or control group was made at the level of the family so that siblings would be assigned to the same group. A quasi-experimental group of juveniles who met the CAR eligibility risk requirements, but lived in other severely distressed neighborhoods, was selected during the second year of the evaluation in cities that continued intake of new CAR participants into the second year. In these comparison neighborhoods, youths eligible for the quasi-experimental sample were identified either by CAR staff, cooperating agencies, or the staff of the middle schools they attended. Baseline interviews with youths and caretakers were conducted between January 1993 and May 1994, during the month following recruitment. The end-of-program interviews were conducted approximately two years later, between December 1994 and May 1996. The follow-up interviews with youths were conducted one year after the program period ended, between December 1995 and May 1997. Once each year, records were collected from the police, courts, and schools. Part 1 provides demographic data on each youth, including age at intake, gender, ethnicity, relationship of caretaker to youth, and youth's risk factors for poor school performance, poor school behavior, family problems, or personal problems. Additional variables provide information on household size, including number and type of children in the household, and number and type of adults in the household. Part 2 provides data from all three youth interviews (baseline, end-of-program, and follow-up). Questions were asked about the youth's attitudes toward school and amount of homework, participation in various activities (school activities, team sports, clubs or groups, other organized activities, religious services, odd jobs or household chores), curfews and bedtimes, who assisted the youth with various tasks, attitudes about the future, seriousness of various problems the youth might have had over the past year and who he or she turned to for help, number of times the youth's household had moved, how long the youth had lived with the caretaker, various criminal activities in the neighborhood and the youth's concerns about victimization, opinions on various statements about the police, occasions of skipping school and why, if the youth thought he or she would be promoted to the next grade, would graduate from high school, or would go to college, knowledge of children engaging in various problem activities and if the youth was pressured to join them, and experiences with and attitudes toward consumption of cigarettes, alcohol, and various drugs. Three sections of the questionnaire were completed by the youths. Section A asked questions about the youth's attitudes toward various statements about self, life, the home environment, rules, and norms. Section B asked questions about the number of times that various crimes had been committed against the youth, his or her sexual activity, number of times the youth ran away from home, number of times he or she had committed various criminal acts, and what weapons he or she had carried. Items in Section C covered the youth's alcohol and drug use, and participation in drug sales. Part 3 provides data from both caretaker interviews (baseline and end-of-program). Questions elicited the caretaker's assessments of the presence of various positive and negative neighborhood characteristics, safety of the child in the neighborhood, attitudes toward and interactions with the police, if the caretaker had been arrested, had been on probation, or in jail, whether various crimes had been committed against the caretaker or others in the household in the past year, activities that the youth currently participated in, curfews set by the caretaker, if the caretaker had visited the school for various reasons, school performance or problems by the youth and the youth's siblings, amount of the caretaker's involvement with activities, clubs, and groups, the caretaker's financial, medical, and personal problems and assistance received in the past year, if he or she was not able to obtain help, why not, and information on the caretaker's education, employment, income level, income sources, and where he or she sought medical treatment for themselves or for the youth. Two sections of the data collection instruments were completed by the caretaker. Section A dealt with the youth's personal problems or problems with others, and the youth's friends. Additional questions focused on the family's interactions, rules, and norms. Section B items asked about the caretaker's alcohol and drug use, and any alcohol and drug use or criminal justice involvement by others in the household older than the youth. Part 4 consists of data from schools, police, and courts. School data include the youth's grades, grade-point average (GPA), absentee rate, reasons for absences, and whether the youth was promoted each school year. Data from police records include police contacts, detentions, violent offenses, drug-related offenses, and arrests prior to recruitment in the CAR program and in Years 1-4 after recruitment, court contacts and charges prior to recruitment and in Years 1-4 after recruitment, and how the charges were disposed.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Eviction Moratoria and Housing Policy: Federal, State, Commonwealth, and Territory, [United States], 2020-2022 (ICPSR 39468)

Released/updated on: 2025-12-09
Geographic coverage: United States, Marshall Islands, Guam, Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Micronesia (Federated States)
Time period: 2020-03-13--2022-03-01
Researchers employed longitudinal policy surveillance to comprehensively describe state responses to the eviction crisis resulting from the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and continuing through the end of substantive state intervention. The study relied on an exhaustive collection of all emergency orders and legislation that controlled the eviction process, related to protections under federal moratoria, or provided support to tenants and that were issued by state governors, courts, and legislative bodies between March 13, 2020 and March 1, 2022. Researchers developed a dynamic, novel dataset consisting of over 50 indicators which captured the temporal and substantive features of these moratoria and renter-supportive measures. To confirm that the dataset was complete, researchers provided state governors and court officials with lists of collected orders from their states and incorporated any needed additions. From this validated dataset, researchers created a time series cross-sectional dataset that tracked changes in a state's overall eviction moratoria and supportive measures over time.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Eviction Moratoria: Most Populous United States Cities, 2020-2023 (ICPSR 39499)

Released/updated on: 2025-09-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Researchers employed longitudinal policy surveillance to comprehensively describe local responses to the eviction crisis resulting from the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and continuing through the end of substantive local intervention. The study examined all cities with over 250,000 residents and, for states where no city had at least 250,000 residents, the two largest cities located in each such state. The study relied on an exhaustive collection of all emergency orders and legislation that controlled the eviction process or related to protections under federal moratoria that were issued by local actors, including executive officials, legislative bodies, and the courts, between March 13, 2020 and March 1, 2023. Researchers created a time series cross-sectional dataset that tracked changes in local jurisdictions' eviction moratoria over time. For a complete description of the variables tracked, please see the codebook included with the dataset.
Curated

Examination of the Built and Social Environment (R3): National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA), United States (ICPSR 38182)

To date, there has been little research on environmental factors to guide interventions and treatments to improve the health of persons aging with long-term physical disabilities. This project will begin to fill this gap in knowledge by examining the role of characteristics in the social and built environment as they interact with underlying impairments and activity limitations to either hinder or promote the full participation of individuals with physical disabilities in society. The project builds on previous work by linking multiple dimensions of the built and social environment to the health trajectories of individuals in the combined Medicare and Medicaid Data file over a period of 10 years (2007-2016).

The project focuses on those neighborhood characteristics hypothesized to be related to healthy aging with physical disability, including the density of recreational centers, public transportation, and neighborhood socioeconomic indicators. Researchers examine indicators of neighborhood safety (based on local crime statistics), since fear of crime may discourage individuals from fully accessing resources in their neighborhood. Based on previous work which showed that snow and ice keep older adults homebound, researchers are also including measures of average temperature and precipitation. Measures of street connectivity tap the connected routes within communities, which may facilitate access to social and physical resources. In addition, socioeconomic disadvantage, racial residential segregation, home foreclosure rates, and low employment opportunities, capture the social environment.

All the neighborhood built and social environment data has been made available to the larger research and user community through ICPSR (data sharing core).

NaNDA is moving! ICPSR is in the process of curating NaNDA measures and adding them to our data holdings. The current version of most NaNDA data is available as a series in our general archive. For the time being, you can still find some data in the NaNDA repository on openICPSR.

Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Examining the Institutional Medical Mistrust Scale (IMMS) in the COVID-19 Pandemic, United States, 2022 (ICPSR 39469)

Released/updated on: 2026-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States

The objective of this study is to validate the Institutional Medical Mistrust Scale (IMMS) using a large, national population to better understand issues of public trust in healthcare and government organizations. The aims of this study are: (1) conduct a national population survey using the IMMS; (1a) examine the influence that healthcare organizations and governing institutions at the local, state, and federal level have on medical mistrust during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States; (1b) test the psychometrics of the IMMS in a large national survey; (2) test the IMMS in a national population with intentional oversampling of African American/Black, Latinx, and chronic disease respondents in the United States.

The endpoints for this study are divided into psychosocial measures as well as physical measures including: (1) measurement of institutional medical mistrust among health care and local/state and federal government organizations; (2) mental and physical health; (3) vaccine uptake or hesitation; (4) factors associated with vaccine uptake or hesitation.

Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Governments' Economic Responses to COVID-19 (Econ-Response2covid19), Global, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 39775)

Released/updated on: 2026-04-20
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 2020-01-01--2021-06-01
The Econ-Response2covid19 dataset tracked governments' economic responses to COVID-19 all around the world. The dataset is at the country-level and covers the January 2020 - June 2021 period. The measures coded include fiscal measures (wage support, cash transfers, in-kind transfers, tax cuts, sectorial support and credit schemes), tax deferrals, off-budget measures, and main policy rate cuts. The data can be used to study the impact of economic measures on different outcomes, and to understand the diffusion of economic policies during crises.
Curated

Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on New York City Public School Children's Longitudinal Health and Education Outcomes, 2020-2022 (ICPSR 38856)

Released/updated on: 2025-02-25
Geographic coverage: New York City, United States, New York (state)
Time period: 2020-01-01--2022-01-01

This study examines how significant disruptions to children's health, education, and overall well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic created lasting influence on health, development, and social trajectories through the lifecourse, and the risk for long-term health outcomes. The research leverages the New York City (NYC) Student Population Health Registry (SPHR), a uniquely inclusive, longitudinal database of all NYC public school students created jointly by the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and NYC Department of Education, along with other publicly available data sources.

Research to date has focused on racial and geographic disparities in school-level vaccination rates, and on racial and ethnic group differences in New York City schoolchildren becoming fully vaccinated (two doses) within 6 months of vaccine eligibility. Future research is expected to focus on outcomes such as increased incidence and exacerbation of chronic diseases like obesity, asthma, and diabetes; stress and anxiety; and educational consequences such as declines in academic achievement (test scores), increases in chronic absenteeism, repeating grades, or high school dropout. Also of interest are the mitigating effects of child-, classroom-, and school-level vaccination rates, and neighborhood and school characteristics such as income, vaccination sites, emergency food resources, and open space.

The ICPSR provides variable-level metadata for the data associated with this study. The actual data may only be available from the Principal Investigator directly. The variable descriptions available through ICPSR also include information regarding the source of each variable listed, as does the Data Source field of these metadata.

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IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) Gender Measure: Abortion Access by State, United States, 2009-2022 (ICPSR 38852)

Released/updated on: 2023-07-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2009-01-01--2022-01-01

The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data series includes measures of disparities, policies, and counts, by state or county, for historically marginalized populations in the United States including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, and LGBTQ+ persons, and women.

The IPUMS CDOH data are made available through ICPSR/DSDR for merging with the National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38417) by approved restricted data researchers. All other researchers can access the IPUMS CDOH data via the IPUMS CDOH website.

Unlike other IPUMS products, the CDOH data are organized into multiple categories related to Race and Ethnicity, Sexual and Gender Minority, Gender, and Politics. The CDOH measures were created from a wide variety of data sources (e.g., IPUMS NHGIS, the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Movement Advancement Project, and Myers Abortion Facility Database). Measures are currently available for states or counties from approximately 2015 to 2020.

The Gender measures in this release include state-level abortion access, which reports the proportion of a state's females aged 15-44 who reside in counties with an abortion provider by year and month from 2009-2022. To work with the IPUMS CDOH data, researchers will need to first merge the NCHAT data to DS1 (MATCH ID and State FIPS Data). This merged file can then be linked to the IPUMS CDOH datafile (DS2) using the STATEFIPS variable.

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IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) Gender Measure: Domestic Violence Gun Ownership by State, United States, 1991-2020 (ICPSR 38851)

Released/updated on: 2023-07-17
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1991-01-01--2020-01-01

The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data series includes measures of disparities, policies, and counts, by state or county, for historically marginalized populations in the United States including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, and LGBTQ+ persons, and women.

The IPUMS CDOH data are made available through ICPSR/DSDR for merging with the National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38417) by approved restricted data researchers. All other researchers can access the IPUMS CDOH data via the IPUMS CDOH website.

Unlike other IPUMS products, the CDOH data are organized into multiple categories related to Race and Ethnicity, Sexual and Gender Minority, Gender, and Politics. The CDOH measures were created from a wide variety of data sources (e.g., IPUMS NHGIS, the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Movement Advancement Project, and Myers Abortion Facility Database). Measures are currently available for states or counties from approximately 2015 to 2020.

The Gender measures in this release include state-level domestic violence and gun ownership, which denotes whether a state has a law that prohibits domestic violence offenders from owning firearms above and beyond federal law. To work with the IPUMS CDOH data, researchers will need to first merge the NCHAT data to DS1 (MATCH ID and State FIPS Data). This merged file can then be linked to the IPUMS CDOH datafile (DS2) using the STATEFIPS variable.

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IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) Gender Measure: Earnings Ratio by State, United States, 2015-2022 (ICPSR 38850)

Released/updated on: 2024-04-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2015-01-01--2022-01-01

The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data series includes measures of disparities, policies, and counts by state or county for historically marginalized populations in the United States including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, and LGBTQ+ persons as well as women.

The IPUMS CDOH data are made available through ICPSR/DSDR for merging with the National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38417) by approved restricted data researchers. All other researchers can access the IPUMS CDOH data via the IPUMS CDOH website.

Unlike other IPUMS products, the CDOH data are organized into multiple categories related to Race and Ethnicity, Sexual and Gender Minority, Gender, and Politics. The CDOH measures were created from a wide variety of data sources (e.g., IPUMS NHGIS, the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Movement Advancement Project, and Myers Abortion Facility Database). Measures are currently available for states or counties from approximately 2015 to 2020.

The Gender measures in this release include the state-level earnings ratio, which compares the median earnings of full-time wage and salary workers identifying as male to the median earnings of full-time wage and salary workers identifying as female in a given state in a given year. To work with the IPUMS CDOH data, researchers will need to first merge the NCHAT data to DS1 (MATCH ID and State FIPS Data). This merged file can then be linked to the IPUMS CDOH datafile (DS2) using the STATEFIPS variable.

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IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) Gender Measure: Labor Force Ratio by State, United States, 2015-2022 (ICPSR 38839)

Released/updated on: 2024-04-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2015-01-01--2022-01-01

The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data series includes measures of disparities, policies, and counts, by state or county, for historically marginalized populations in the United States including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, and LGBTQ+ persons, and women.

The IPUMS CDOH data are made available through ICPSR/DSDR for merging with the National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38417) by approved restricted data researchers. All other researchers can access the IPUMS CDOH data via the IPUMS CDOH website.

Unlike other IPUMS products, the CDOH data are organized into multiple categories related to Race and Ethnicity, Sexual and Gender Minority, Gender, and Politics. The CDOH measures were created from a wide variety of data sources (e.g., IPUMS NHGIS, the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Movement Advancement Project, and Myers Abortion Facility Database). Measures are currently available for states or counties from approximately 2015 to 2020.

The Gender measures in this release include the state-level labor force ratio, which compares the proportion of men in the labor force to the proportion of women in the labor force in a given state in a given year. To work with the IPUMS CDOH data, researchers will need to first merge the NCHAT data to DS1 (MATCH ID and State FIPS Data). This merged file can then be linked to the IPUMS CDOH datafile (DS2) using the STATEFIPS variable.

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IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) Gender Measure: Paid Family Medical Leave by State, United States, 2004-2023 (ICPSR 38847)

Released/updated on: 2024-04-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2004-01-01--2023-01-01

The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data series includes measures of disparities, policies, and counts, by state or county, for historically marginalized populations in the United States including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, and LGBTQ+ persons, and women.

The IPUMS CDOH data are made available through ICPSR/DSDR for merging with the National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38417) by approved restricted data researchers. All other researchers can access the IPUMS CDOH data via the IPUMS CDOH website.

Unlike other IPUMS products, the CDOH data are organized into multiple categories related to Race and Ethnicity, Sexual and Gender Minority, Gender, and Politics. The CDOH measures were created from a wide variety of data sources (e.g., IPUMS NHGIS, the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Movement Advancement Project, and Myers Abortion Facility Database). Measures are currently available for states or counties from approximately 2015 to 2020.

The Gender measures in this release include state-level paid family and medical leave, which denotes whether a state has a law that guarantees paid family and medical leave for employees. To work with the IPUMS CDOH data, researchers will need to first merge the NCHAT data to DS1 (MATCH ID and State FIPS Data). This merged file can then be linked to the IPUMS CDOH datafile (DS2) using the STATEFIPS variable.

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IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) Gender Measure: Poverty Ratio by State, United States, 2015-2023 (ICPSR 38848)

Released/updated on: 2024-04-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2015-01-01--2023-01-01

The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data series includes measures of disparities, policies, and counts, by state or county, for historically marginalized populations in the United States including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, and LGBTQ+ persons, and women.

The IPUMS CDOH data are made available through ICPSR/DSDR for merging with the National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38417) by approved restricted data researchers. All other researchers can access the IPUMS CDOH data via the IPUMS CDOH website.

Unlike other IPUMS products, the CDOH data are organized into multiple categories related to Race and Ethnicity, Sexual and Gender Minority, Gender, and Politics. The CDOH measures were created from a wide variety of data sources (e.g., IPUMS NHGIS, the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Movement Advancement Project, and Myers Abortion Facility Database). Measures are currently available for states or counties from approximately 2015 to 2020.

The Gender measures in this release include the state-level poverty ratio, which compares the proportion of females living in poverty to the proportion of males living in poverty in a given state in a given year. To work with the IPUMS CDOH data, researchers will need to first merge the NCHAT data to DS1 (MATCH ID and State FIPS Data). This merged file can then be linked to the IPUMS CDOH datafile (DS2) using the STATEFIPS variable.

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IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) Gender Measure: Proportion of State Legislators Identifying as Female by State, United States, 2015-2023 (ICPSR 38849)

Released/updated on: 2024-04-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2015-01-01--2023-01-01

The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data series includes measures of disparities, policies, and counts, by state or county, for historically marginalized populations in the United States including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, and LGBTQ+ persons, and women.

The IPUMS CDOH data are made available through ICPSR/DSDR for merging with the National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38417) by approved restricted data researchers. All other researchers can access the IPUMS CDOH data via the IPUMS CDOH website.

Unlike other IPUMS products, the CDOH data are organized into multiple categories related to Race and Ethnicity, Sexual and Gender Minority, Gender, and Politics. The CDOH measures were created from a wide variety of data sources (e.g., IPUMS NHGIS, the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Movement Advancement Project, and Myers Abortion Facility Database). Measures are currently available for states or counties from approximately 2015 to 2020.

The Gender measures in this release include the proportion of state legislators identifying as female, which is computed as the proportion for the state legislature as a whole and for the state house and senate legislative chambers. To work with the IPUMS CDOH data, researchers will need to first merge the NCHAT data to DS1 (MATCH ID and State FIPS Data). This merged file can then be linked to the IPUMS CDOH datafile (DS2) using the STATEFIPS variable.

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IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) Politics Measure: Presidential Election Results by County, United States, 2000-2020 (ICPSR 39236)

Released/updated on: 2025-01-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2000-01-01--2020-01-01

The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data series provides access to measures of disparities, policies, and counts, by state or county, for historically marginalized populations in the United States including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, and LGBTQ+ persons, and women.

The IPUMS CDOH data are made available through ICPSR/DSDR for merging with the National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38417) by approved restricted data researchers. All other researchers can access the IPUMS CDOH data via the IPUMS CDOH website.

Unlike other IPUMS products, the CDOH data are organized into multiple categories related to Race and Ethnicity, Sexual and Gender Minority, Gender, and Politics. The measures were created from a wide variety of data sources (e.g., IPUMS NHGIS, the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Movement Advancement Project, and Myers Abortion Facility Database). Measures are currently available for states or counties from approximately 2015 to 2020.

The Politics measures in this release include county-level presidential election results from 2000-2020, indicating the proportion of votes cast for the Democratic candidate or the Republican candidate in each presidential election. To work with the IPUMS CDOH data, researchers will need to use the variable MATCH_ID to merge the data in DS1 with NCHAT surveys within the virtual data enclave (VDE).

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IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) Politics Measure: Presidential Election Results by State, United States, 1976-2020 (ICPSR 38854)

Released/updated on: 2024-04-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1976-01-01--2020-01-01

The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data series includes measures of disparities, policies, and counts, by state or county, for historically marginalized populations in the United States including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, and LGBTQ+ persons, and women.

The IPUMS CDOH data are made available through ICPSR/DSDR for merging with the National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38417) by approved restricted data researchers. All other researchers can access the IPUMS CDOH data via the IPUMS CDOH website.

Unlike other IPUMS products, the CDOH data are organized into multiple categories related to Race and Ethnicity, Sexual and Gender Minority, Gender, and Politics. The CDOH measures were created from a wide variety of data sources (e.g., IPUMS NHGIS, the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Movement Advancement Project, and Myers Abortion Facility Database). Measures are currently available for states or counties from approximately 2015 to 2020.

The Politics measures in this release include the state presidential election results, which is the proportion of votes cast for the Democratic candidate or the Republican candidate in the respective presidential election. To work with the IPUMS CDOH data, researchers will need to first merge the NCHAT data to DS1 (MATCH ID and State FIPS Data). This merged file can then be linked to the IPUMS CDOH datafile (DS2) using the STATEFIPS variable.

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IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) Race and Ethnicity Measure: Educational Inequity by County, United States, 2005-2022 (ICPSR 39238)

Released/updated on: 2025-01-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2005-01-01--2022-01-01

The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data series provides access to measures of disparities, policies, and counts, by state or county, for historically marginalized populations in the United States including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, and LGBTQ+ persons, and women.

The IPUMS CDOH data are made available through ICPSR/DSDR for merging with the National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38417) by approved restricted data researchers. All other researchers can access the IPUMS CDOH data via the IPUMS CDOH website.

Unlike other IPUMS products, the CDOH data are organized into multiple categories related to Race and Ethnicity, Sexual and Gender Minority, Gender, and Politics. The measures were created from a wide variety of data sources (e.g., IPUMS NHGIS, the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Movement Advancement Project, and Myers Abortion Facility Database). Measures are currently available for states or counties from approximately 2015 to 2020.

The Race and Ethnicity measures in this release include county-level summary data on educational inequity between racial groups in the United States from 2005-2022. To work with the IPUMS CDOH data, researchers will need to use the variable MATCH_ID to merge the data in DS1 with NCHAT surveys within the virtual data enclave (VDE).

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IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) Race and Ethnicity Measure: Employment Inequity by County, United States, 2005-2022 (ICPSR 39239)

Released/updated on: 2025-02-20
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2005-01-01--2022-01-01

The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data series provides access to measures of disparities, policies, and counts, by state or county, for historically marginalized populations in the United States including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, and LGBTQ+ persons, and women.

The IPUMS CDOH data are made available through ICPSR/DSDR for merging with the National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38417) by approved restricted data researchers. All other researchers can access the IPUMS CDOH data via the IPUMS CDOH website.

Unlike other IPUMS products, the CDOH data are organized into multiple categories related to Race and Ethnicity, Sexual and Gender Minority, Gender, and Politics. The measures were created from a wide variety of data sources (e.g., IPUMS NHGIS, the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Movement Advancement Project, and Myers Abortion Facility Database). Measures are currently available for states or counties from approximately 2015 to 2020.

The Race and Ethnicity measure in this release is an indicator of employment inequity, which includes a ratio between the proportion of people aged 16-64, in the civilian labor force, who are employed and identify as White alone, not Hispanic or Latino and the proportion of people aged 16-64, in the civilian labor force, who are employed and identify as a different race/ethnic group (Black, Asian, and Hispanic). To work with the IPUMS CDOH data, researchers will need to use the variable MATCH_ID to merge the data in DS1 with NCHAT surveys within the virtual data enclave (VDE).

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IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) Race and Ethnicity Measure: Homeownership Inequity by County, United States, 2005-2022 (ICPSR 39240)

Released/updated on: 2025-02-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2005-01-01--2022-01-01

The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data series provides access to measures of disparities, policies, and counts, by state or county, for historically marginalized populations in the United States including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, and LGBTQ+ persons, and women.

The IPUMS CDOH data are made available through ICPSR/DSDR for merging with the National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38417) by approved restricted data researchers. All other researchers can access the IPUMS CDOH data via the IPUMS CDOH website.

Unlike other IPUMS products, the CDOH data are organized into multiple categories related to Race and Ethnicity, Sexual and Gender Minority, Gender, and Politics. The measures were created from a wide variety of data sources (e.g., IPUMS NHGIS, the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Movement Advancement Project, and Myers Abortion Facility Database). Measures are currently available for states or counties from approximately 2015 to 2020.

The Race and Ethnicity measure in this release is an indicator of homeownership inequity, which includes the ratio between the proportion of householders identifying as White alone, not Hispanic or Latino, who own (as opposed to renting) their home and the proportion of householders identifying as a different race/ethnic group who own their home. Three ratios are provided for Black, Asian, and Hispanic groups. To work with the IPUMS CDOH data, researchers will need to use the variable MATCH_ID to merge the data in DS1 with NCHAT surveys within the virtual data enclave (VDE).

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IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) Race and Ethnicity Measure: Income Inequity by County, United States, 2005-2022 (ICPSR 39241)

Released/updated on: 2025-02-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2005-01-01--2022-01-01

The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data series provides access to measures of disparities, policies, and counts, by state or county, for historically marginalized populations in the United States including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, and LGBTQ+ persons, and women.

The IPUMS CDOH data are made available through ICPSR/DSDR for merging with the National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38417) by approved restricted data researchers. All other researchers can access the IPUMS CDOH data via the IPUMS CDOH website.

Unlike other IPUMS products, the CDOH data are organized into multiple categories related to Race and Ethnicity, Sexual and Gender Minority, Gender, and Politics. The measures were created from a wide variety of data sources (e.g., IPUMS NHGIS, the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Movement Advancement Project, and Myers Abortion Facility Database). Measures are currently available for states or counties from approximately 2015 to 2020.

The Race and Ethnicity measure in this release is an indicator of income inequity which is measured using the index of concentration at the extremes (ICE). ICE is a measure of social polarization within a particular geographic unit. It shows whether people or households in a geographic unit are concentrated in privileged or deprived extremes. The privileged group in this study is the number of households with a householder identifying as White alone, not Hispanic or Latino, with an income equal to or greater than $100,000. The deprived group in this study is the number of households with a householder identifying as a different race/ethnic group (e.g., Black alone, Asian alone, Hispanic or Latino), with an income equal to or less than $25,000. To work with the IPUMS CDOH data, researchers will need to use the variable MATCH_ID to merge the data in DS1 with NCHAT surveys within the virtual data enclave (VDE).

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IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) Race and Ethnicity Measure: Residential Segregation - Index of Dissimilarity Inequity by County, United States, 2005-2022 (ICPSR 39242)

Released/updated on: 2025-02-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2005-01-01--2022-01-01

The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data series includes measures of disparities, policies, and counts, by state or county, for historically marginalized populations in the United States including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, and LGBTQ+ persons, and women.

The IPUMS CDOH data are made available through ICPSR/DSDR for merging with the National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38417) by approved restricted data researchers. All other researchers can access the IPUMS CDOH data via the IPUMS CDOH website.

Unlike other IPUMS products, the CDOH data are organized into multiple categories related to Race and Ethnicity, Sexual and Gender Minority, Gender, and Politics. The CDOH measures were created from a wide variety of data sources (e.g., IPUMS NHGIS, the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Movement Advancement Project, and Myers Abortion Facility Database). Measures are currently available for states or counties from approximately 2000 to 2020.

The Race and Ethnicity measures in this release are indicators of residential segregation, which measures the physical separation of population groups into different areas (i.e., neighborhoods) in a geographic unit (i.e., a county or city). The index of dissimilarity is a measure of evenness and measures the proportion of a group's population that must move so that each sub-county geographic unit in a county has the same proportion of that group as the county. Census tracts are used as the sub-county geographic unit because census tracts nest within counties.

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IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) Sexual and Gender Minority Measure: Proportion Identifying as LGBTQ by State, United States, 2021-2022 (ICPSR 38853)

Released/updated on: 2023-07-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2021-01-01--2022-01-01

The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data series includes measures of disparities, policies, and counts, by state or county, for historically marginalized populations in the United States including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, and LGBTQ+ persons, and women.

The IPUMS CDOH data are made available through ICPSR/DSDR for merging with the National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38417) by approved restricted data researchers. All other researchers can access the IPUMS CDOH data via the IPUMS CDOH website.

Unlike other IPUMS products, the CDOH data are organized into multiple categories related to Race and Ethnicity, Sexual and Gender Minority, Gender, and Politics. The CDOH measures were created from a wide variety of data sources (e.g., IPUMS NHGIS, the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Movement Advancement Project, and Myers Abortion Facility Database). Measures are currently available for states or counties from approximately 2015 to 2020.

The Sexual and Gender measures in this release include the proportion of a state's population identifying as LGBTQ+ in the U.S. Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey, Phases 3.2 (07/21/2021-10/11/2021), 3.3 (12/01/2021-02/07/2022), 3.4 (03/02/2022-05/09/2022), and 3.5 (06/01/2022-08/08/2022). To work with the IPUMS CDOH data, researchers will need to first merge the NCHAT data to DS1 (MATCH ID and State FIPS Data). This merged file can then be linked to the IPUMS CDOH datafile (DS2) using the STATEFIPS variable.

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IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) Sexual and Gender Minority Measure: Same-Sex Households by County, United States, 2020 (ICPSR 39237)

Released/updated on: 2025-01-30
Geographic coverage: United States

The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data series provides access to measures of disparities, policies, and counts, by state or county, for historically marginalized populations in the United States including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, and LGBTQ+ persons, and women.

The IPUMS CDOH data are made available through ICPSR/DSDR for merging with the National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38417) by approved restricted data researchers. All other researchers can access the IPUMS CDOH data via the IPUMS CDOH website.

Unlike other IPUMS products, the CDOH data are organized into multiple categories related to Race and Ethnicity, Sexual and Gender Minority, Gender, and Politics. The measures were created from a wide variety of data sources (e.g., IPUMS NHGIS, the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Movement Advancement Project, and Myers Abortion Facility Database). Measures are currently available for states or counties from approximately 2015 to 2020.

Sexual and Gender Minority measures in this release include county-level summary data on the proportion of same-sex households in the United States, as reported in the 2020 Decennial Census. To work with the IPUMS CDOH data, researchers will need to use the variable MATCH_ID to merge the data in DS1 with NCHAT surveys within the virtual data enclave (VDE).

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The Mitigating Effects of Telehealth Uptake on Disparities in Maternal Care Access, Quality, Outcomes, and Expenditures, United States, 2018-2022 (ICPSR 39023)

Released/updated on: 2026-03-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2018-01-01--2022-01-01

This study explores whether perinatal telehealth uptake has mitigated the pandemic's effects on disparities in maternal care access, quality, and outcomes by race, ethnicity, and rural or urban residence. Research to date has approached this question in several ways. First, researchers have utilized census data to assess whether community-wide broadband infrastructure exists to support the use of telehealth services in areas with high travel times to maternal care units. Findings suggest that socioeconomically disadvantaged communities face significant barriers to maternity care access, both with substantial travel burdens and inadequate digital access to facilitate telehealth services. Second, to examine maternal care quality, researchers have employed South Carolina hospital-based claims data and vital statistics to identify racial, ethnic, and urban/rural disparities in rates of cesarean delivery before and during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Results indicate that cesarean rates differed by rural vs. urban facility locations and racial and ethnic groups but observed disparities were not significantly exacerbated by the pandemic. Third, using South Carolina hospital-based claims data and COVID-19 testing data, researchers found significant racial, ethnic, and rural disparities in postpartum readmissions involving mental health and substance use disorders from childbirth discharge through one year postpartum during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, drawing on data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), research has shown that hybrid care increased substantially during the COVID-19 public health emergency, but pregnant people living in rural areas had lower levels of hybrid care than urban people, and individuals who belonged to racial and ethnic minority groups were more likely to have hybrid care than White individuals.

Future research will investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and perinatal telehealth uptake on additional maternity care and birth outcomes by race, ethnicity, and urbanicity. The study also aims to assess how state-level telehealth policies relate to perinatal telehealth uptake by race, ethnicity, and urbanicity, and to develop a model to predict long-term changes in maternal care access, quality, outcomes, and expenditures, with and without state telehealth policies.

The ICPSR provides variable-level metadata for the data associated with this study. The actual data may only be available from the Principal Investigator directly. The variable descriptions available through ICPSR also include information regarding the source of each variable listed, as does the Data Source field of these metadata.

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National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2022 (ICPSR 38417)

Released/updated on: 2025-03-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2020-01-01--2022-01-01
The National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT) is a population-based study of couples in America that contains representative samples of racial and ethnic diverse and sexual and gender diverse individuals. NCHAT entered the field on September 1, 2020, and data collection completed in April 2021. A follow-up survey (Wave 2) was fielded in 2022. The Wave 1 sample includes 3,642 main respondents. The sample frame included adults in the United States who ranged in age from 20-60 years old, who were married or cohabiting, and who were able to read English or Spanish. About 1,515 partners participated. NCHAT sample participants were recruited through the Gallup Panel. About 9 percent of the sample was non-Latinx Black, 6 percent non-Latinx Asian, 5 percent non-Latinx Multirace, 16 percent Latinx, and 1 percent another racial or ethnic identity. Approximately 55 percent of the sample identified as heterosexual, 20 percent as gay or lesbian, 10 percent as bisexual, and 15 percent as another sexual identity or multiple sexual identities. The sample was about evenly split between men and women, and almost 3 percent identified as another gender identity. 27 percent of couples were the same gender, and 4 percent were non-binary. About 75 percent were married and the remainder were cohabiting. The average age was 45. 65 percent of the sample had no children. One-third of the sample was in an interracial couple. 10 percent were born outside the US. Survey, time diary, experience sampling method, and geospatial data were collected. NCHAT is uniquely suited to address COVID, stress, family functioning, and physical and mental health and includes an abundance of contextual and acute measures of race and racism, sexism, and heterosexism.
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National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS): Round 10 COVID-19 Supplement, [United States], 2020-2021 (ICPSR 39070)

Released/updated on: 2024-03-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2020-01-01--2021-01-01
The National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) began in 2011 and fosters research to guide efforts to reduce disability, maximize health and independent functioning, and enhance quality of life at older ages. NHATS aims to provide the basis for understanding trends in late-life functioning, how these differ for various population subgroups, and the economic and social consequences of aging and disability for individuals, families, and society. Between June 2020 and March 2021, NHATS conducted a supplemental mail study about participants' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adult family members and friends who helped NHATS participants were also surveyed about their experiences. The NHATS COVID-19 supplements covered topics such as symptoms of COVID-19, measures to limit spread of the virus, changes in living situations, contact with family and friends, other activities, grocery shopping, health care, finances, wellbeing, and help with daily activities. The ICPSR provides variable-level metadata for the data associated with this study. Users should consult the NHATS website for details on obtaining these resources.
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National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Broadband Internet Availability, Speed, and Adoption by Census Tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 2014-2020 (ICPSR 38567)

Released/updated on: 2022-11-14
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2014-01-01--2020-01-01
This study contains two data files. Data file one (Broadband Internet Availability, Speed, and Adoption by Census Tract) contains measures of broadband internet availability, speed, and adoption per United States census tract in 2014 through 2020. The data is derived from internet service providers' Form 477 reports to the Federal Communications Commission. Data file two (Broadband Internet Availability and Speed by ZIP Code Tabulation Area) contains measures of broadband internet access and usage per United States ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) in 2014 through 2020. The data is derived primarily from internet service providers' Form 477 reports to the Federal Communications Commission.
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National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Crimes by County, United States, 2002-2014 (ICPSR 38649)

Released/updated on: 2023-01-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2002-01-01--2014-01-01

This dataset contains county-level totals for the years 2002-2014 for eight types of crime: murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, and arson. These crimes are classed as Part I criminal offenses by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) in their Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program. Each record in the dataset represents the total of each type of criminal offense reported in (or, in the case of missing data, attributed to) the county in a given year.

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National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Essential Workers by Census Tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 2016-2020 (ICPSR 38974)

Released/updated on: 2024-01-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2016-01-01--2020-01-01

During the COVID-19 pandemic, certain occupations and industries were deemed "essential", and typically included individuals who worked in healthcare, food service, public transportation, etc. However, early on in the pandemic, while these workers faced disproportionately higher risks, they often did not receive adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), were unable to work from home, and were limited in their ability to take other precautions to safeguard their health (Chen et al., 2021). As a result, previous studies have documented higher rates of infection, hospitalization, and death among essential workers compared to their non-essential worker counterparts (Selden & Berdahl, 2021; Wei et al., 2022). This dataset provides users with information on the number and proportion of essential workers in census tracts or ZIP Code tabulation areas (ZCTAs) in the United States over the 2016-2020 period.

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National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Longitudinal Dataset by Census Tract, United States, 1981-2021 (ICPSR 39093)

Released/updated on: 2024-09-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1981-01-01--2021-01-01
The Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) database (Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, 2022) has compiled mortgage lending data since 1981, but the collection and dissemination methods have changed over time (Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, 2018), creating barriers to conducting longitudinal analyses. This HMDA Longitudinal Dataset (HLD) organizes and standardizes information across different eras of HMDA data collection between 1981 and 2021, enabling such analysis. This collection contains two types of datasets: 1) HMDA aggregated data by census tract for each decade and 2) HMDA aggregated data by census tract for individual years. Items for analysis include borrower income values, mortgages by loan type (e.g., conventional, Federal Housing Administration (FHA), Veterans Affairs (VA), refinances), and mortgages by borrower race and gender.
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National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Hospitals by Census Tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 2023 (ICPSR 39378)

Released/updated on: 2025-05-22
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2023-01-01--2023-12-31

This dataset contains measures of the number and density of hospitals per United States Census Tract or ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) in 2023. The dataset includes four separate files for four different geographic areas (GIS shapefiles from the United States Census Bureau). The four geographies include:

  • Census Tract 2010
  • Census Tract 2020
  • ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) 2010
  • ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) 2020

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    National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Internet Access by Census Tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 2015-2019 (ICPSR 38559)

    Released/updated on: 2022-09-29
    Geographic coverage: United States
    Time period: 2015-01-01--2019-01-01
    These datasets contain measures of internet access per United States census tract and ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) from the 2015-2019 American Community Survey five-year estimate. Key variables include the number and percent of households per tract or ZCTA with any type of internet subscription, with broadband internet, and with a computer or smartphone.
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    National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Land Cover by Census Tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 1985-2023 (ICPSR 38598)

    Released/updated on: 2025-04-07
    Geographic coverage: United States
    Time period: 1985-01-01--2023-12-31
    This collection contains measures of land cover (e.g., low-, medium-, or high-density development, forest, wetland, open water) derived from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and aggregated by United States census tract and ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA). For each land type, land cover is measured both in total square meters and as a proportion of all land of that type within the tract or the ZCTA.
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    National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Neighborhood-School Gap by Census Tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 2009-2010 and 2015-2016 (ICPSR 38579)

    Released/updated on: 2022-11-14
    Geographic coverage: United States
    Time period: 2009-01-01--2010-01-01, 2015-01-01--2016-01-01

    This study contains measures of neighborhood-school gap for 2009-2010 and 2015-2016. Neighborhood-school gap (NS gap) refers to the discrepancy between the demographics of a public school and its surrounding community. For example, if 60 percent of a school's student body is Black, but 30 percent of the neighborhood population is Black, the school has a positive Black neighborhood-school gap. These datasets measure gaps in race and poverty between elementary school student populations and the census tracts and ZIP code tabulation areas (ZCTAs) that those elementary schools serve. Data is at the census tract and ZCTA level. Supplemental data containing component variables used to calculate NS gap at the school and block group level is also available.

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    National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Parks by Census Tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 2018 and 2022 (ICPSR 38586)

    Released/updated on: 2023-11-29
    Geographic coverage: United States
    Prior research has demonstrated that access to parks and greenspace can have a positive impact on many aspects of and contributors to health, including physical activity levels (Kaczynski et al., 2007), healthy aging (Finlay, 2015), and sense of well-being (Larson et al., 2016). Neighborhood parks can also contribute to sense of community (Gómez, 2015). These datasets describe the number and area of parks in each census tract or each ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) in the United States. Measures include the total number of parks, park area, and proportion of park area within each census tract or ZCTA.
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    National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Polluting Sites by Census Tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 1987-2021 (ICPSR 38597)

    Released/updated on: 2023-12-04
    Geographic coverage: United States
    Time period: 1987-01-01--2021-01-01
    This dataset contains yearly counts from 1987 to 2021 of polluting sites in each United States census tract and within a 0.5-mile buffer to capture spillover effects and in each United States ZIP code tabulation area. Polluting sites are taken from the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Toxics Release Inventory. These facilities are typically larger and involved in manufacturing, metal mining, electric power generation, chemical manufacturing, and hazardous waste treatment.
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    National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Primary and Secondary Roads by Census Tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 2010 and 2020 (ICPSR 38585)

    Released/updated on: 2024-05-20
    Geographic coverage: United States
    This collection contains measures of primary and secondary roads (highways and main arteries) per United States census tract and per United States ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) in 2010 and 2020. These measures may be used as a proxy for heavy traffic, high traffic speeds, and impediments to walking or biking. Variables include: counts of primary, secondary, and all streets per tract and per ZCTA; total length of primary, secondary, and all streets per tract and per ZCTA; ratio of primary and/or secondary road counts to all roads; and ratio of length of primary/secondary roads to all streets.
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    National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Public Transit Stops by Census Tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 2016-2018 and 2024 (ICPSR 38605)

    Released/updated on: 2024-12-11
    Geographic coverage: United States
    Time period: 2016-01-01--2018-12-31, 2023-01-01--2023-12-31
    This study includes the number of public transit stops per United States census tract or ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) based on data from the National Transit Map (NTM). Each observation represents the count and density (per capita and square mile) of transit stops within a census tract or ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA), as voluntarily reported to NTM between 2016-2018 and 2024 by one of 270 regional transit agencies choosing to participate.
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    National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): School District Characteristics and School Counts by Census Tract, ZIP Code Tabulation Area, and School District, 2000-2018 (ICPSR 38569)

    Released/updated on: 2022-10-10
    Geographic coverage: United States
    Time period: 2000-01-01--2018-01-01
    This study contains counts of schools per United States census tract, ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA), and school district from 2000 through 2018. Counts are broken down by type of school (public, charter, magnet, or private) and grade level (elementary, middle, or high). At the school district level, additional data are available on school characteristics such as district-level enrollment by race and ethnicity; numbers of teachers and counselors; teacher-student ratios; and expenditures and revenue, including per-pupil revenue.
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    National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Socioeconomic Status and Demographic Characteristics of Census Tracts and ZIP Code Tabulation Areas, United States, 1990-2022 (ICPSR 38528)

    Released/updated on: 2025-10-27
    Geographic coverage: United States
    Time period: 1990-01-01--2022-01-01

    These datasets contain measures of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics by U.S. census tract for the years 1990-2022 and ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) for the years 2008-2022. Example measures include population density; population distribution by race, ethnicity, age, and income; income inequality by race and ethnicity; and proportion of population living below the poverty level, receiving public assistance, and female-headed or single parent families with kids. The datasets also contain a set of theoretically derived measures capturing neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and affluence, as well as a neighborhood index of Hispanic, foreign born, and limited English.

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    National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Street Connectivity by Census Tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 2010 and 2020 (ICPSR 38580)

    Released/updated on: 2025-11-19
    Geographic coverage: United States

    This study contains measures of street connectivity (how well streets connect with one another) within all United States census tracts and United States ZIP code tabulation areas (ZCTAs). This includes measures of the number of street segments (links) and intersections (nodes) per tract/ZCTA, street length within tracts/ZCTA, and indices representing overall connectivity within the tract/ZCTA.

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    National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Traffic Volume by Census Tract and ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 1963-2019 (ICPSR 38584)

    Released/updated on: 2022-11-10
    Geographic coverage: United States
    Time period: 1963-01-01--2019-01-01
    This dataset contains measures of traffic volume per census tract and ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) in the United States from 1963 to 2019 (primarily 1997 to 2019). High traffic volume may be used as a proxy for heavy traffic, high traffic speeds, and impediments to walking or biking. The dataset contains measures of the average, maximum, and minimum traffic volume per year or per ZCTA per year. These figures are available for all streets, highways, and non-highways. In the ZCTA dataset, data is collected intermittently across locations over time, therefore traffic volume has been interpolated for years in which no measures are available. Data Source: Traffic volume measurements are derived from Kalibrate's TrafficMetrix database accessed via Esri Demographics. Census tract boundaries come from the 2010 TIGER/Line shapefiles. ZCTA boundaries come from the 2019 TIGER/Line shapefiles.
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    National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Urbanicity by Census Tract, United States, 2010 (ICPSR 38606)

    Released/updated on: 2022-12-12
    Geographic coverage: United States
    This dataset contains measures of the urban/rural characteristics of each census tract in the United States. These include proportions of urban and rural population, population density, rural/urban commuting area (RUCA) codes, and RUCA-based four- and seven-category urbanicity scales.
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    National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Voter Registration, Turnout, and Partisanship by County, United States, 2004-2022 (ICPSR 38506)

    Released/updated on: 2024-10-14
    Geographic coverage: United States
    Time period: 2004-01-01--2022-01-01
    This dataset contains counts of voter registration and voter turnout for all counties in the United States for the years 2004-2022. It also contains measures of each county's Democratic and Republican partisanship, including six-year longitudinal partisan indices for 2006-2022.
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    National Wellbeing Survey, United States, 2021 (ICPSR 38879)

    Released/updated on: 2025-10-09
    Geographic coverage: United States
    The National Wellbeing Survey (NWS) is a population-based survey on the wellbeing of adults aged 18 to 64 in the United States. Specific survey domains include psychological well-being, social relationships and support, physical health, mental health, health behaviors, COVID-19 experiences and impacts, socioeconomic measures, political orientation, and demographic measures.
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    National Wellbeing Survey, United States, 2022 (ICPSR 38964)

    Released/updated on: 2025-10-21
    Geographic coverage: United States
    The National Wellbeing Survey (NWS) is an annual population-based cross-sectional survey of adults aged 18 to 64 in the United States first collected in 2021. Survey topics include psychosocial wellbeing, social relationships and support, participation in social activities, physical health, mental health, health behaviors, health care use, employment quality and experiences, COVID-19 experiences, socioeconomic measures, political orientation, and demographic measures.
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    National Wellbeing Survey, United States, 2023 (ICPSR 39192)

    Released/updated on: 2025-10-27
    Geographic coverage: United States
    Time period: 2023-01-01--2023-12-31

    The National Wellbeing Survey (NWS) is an annual population-based cross-sectional survey of adults aged 18 to 64 in the United States first collected in 2021. The 2023 NWS was administered online from June 23 to September 14,2023. The 2023 sample includes 7,105 respondents. The sample frame included non-institutionalized adults in the United States who ranged in age from 18 to 64 years old and who were able to read English. NWS sample participants were recruited online through Qualtrics Panels. The sample design included an oversample of rural residents; 26% of respondents (N=1,862) reside in a non-metropolitan county. Survey topics include psychosocial wellbeing, social relationships and support, participation in social activities, physical health, mental health, health behaviors, health care use, employment quality and experiences, COVID-19 experiences, socioeconomic measures, political orientation, and demographic measures. The restricted use version of the data includes geographic identifiers for states (N=51) and counties (N=1,746).

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    National Wellbeing Survey, United States, 2024 (ICPSR 39493)

    Released/updated on: 2026-01-06
    Geographic coverage: United States
    The National Wellbeing Survey (NWS) is an annual population-based cross-sectional survey of adults aged 18 to 64 in the United States first collected in 2021. Survey topics include psychosocial wellbeing, social relationships and support, participation in social activities, physical health, mental health, health behaviors, health care use, COVID-19, incarceration history, employment quality and experiences, socioeconomic measures, political orientation, and demographic measures.