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State-Level Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Expansions During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic, United States, 2020-2023 (ICPSR 39703)

Released/updated on: 2026-03-10

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2020-01-01--2023-01-01

This dataset contains a state-level record of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) expansions adopted during and post the COVID-19 pandemic across all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. It documents the timing, scope, and implementation of major pandemic-related SNAP policies, including Emergency Allotments (EA), Pandemic-Electronic Benefit Transfer (P-EBT), and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-approved administrative waivers, between March 2020 and August 2023. Data were systematically extracted from the USDA's Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) public database on COVID-19 SNAP waivers (unable to be accessed at time of publication) and harmonized through a structured coding protocol.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program COVID-19 Policy and Enrollment Data, United States, 1987-2024 (ICPSR 39331)

Released/updated on: 2025-05-29

Geographic coverage: United States, Guam, Virgin Islands of the United States

Time period: 2019-01-01--2023-06-01, 1993-01-01--2024-06-01, 1987-07-01--2024-06-01

This study features Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) policy and enrollment data organized in three datasets. The data were originally collected for a companion paper, Pukelis, K. (2024). "SNAP Policies and Enrollment following the COVID-19 Pandemic."

The SNAP COVID Policy Data (DS1) provides monthly data on states' adoption of policies to adjust SNAP enrollment requirements and benefits during the COVID-19 federal public health emergency, from March 2020 through June 2023. This dataset features information from all 50 states regarding policy waivers that were requested to simplify SNAP application and recertification requirements, temporarily waive recertification requirements, and provide emergency supplemental benefits. SNAP implementation procedures data from 2019 are also available for comparison.

The SNAP County Enrollment Data (DS2) contains county-month level data on SNAP enrollment numbers, total benefits issued, applications, and recertifications, as well as a handful of measures on the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program and Medicaid.

The SNAP State Enrollment Detail Data (DS3) includes state-month level data on SNAP enrollment details, including applications, recertifications, enrollment by demographic group, and information about office walk-in visits and calls to the assistance line. TANF and Medicaid state-month level data is also provided. The state enrollment file also features 62 variables detailing Louisiana case closures.

County and state enrollment files contain demographic information for a limited number of states, including SNAP, TANF, and Medicaid enrollment by age group, and state-month SNAP enrollment by gender, race, and ethnicity.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

United States COVID-19 County Policy Database, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 39109)

Released/updated on: 2024-06-11

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2020-01-01--2021-12-01

The objective of the U.S. COVID-19 County Policy (UCCP) Database was to systematically gather, characterize, and assess geographic and longitudinal variation in U.S. COVID-19-related policies at the county and state levels. The research team gathered policy data on a weekly basis for 309 counties in 50 states and Washington D.C. Although these counties were not nationally representative, they included over half of the U.S. population and were diverse with respect to geography, the race/ethnicity of residents, and political climate. Weekly data were collected between January 2020 and December 2021 on a wide range of COVID-19-related policies that were in effect, providing a longitudinal picture of county policies during that period.