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Curated

American National Election Study: 1995 Pilot Study (ICPSR 6636)

Released/updated on: 1999-08-20

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1995-08-03--1995-09-10

A number of pilot studies have been conducted by the National Election Studies (NES) for the purpose of developing new instrumentation. The 1995 Pilot Study is part of this effort, which also includes studies conducted in 1979, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1991, and 1993. As in earlier pilot studies (except for 1979), the 1995 study respondents were a subset of the previous year's traditional time-series respondents. The study is a one-wave reinterview of a randomly selected subset of respondents with telephones from the fresh cross-section portion of the AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1994: POST-ELECTION SURVEY [ENHANCED WITH 1992 AND 1993 DATA] (ICPSR 6507). The 1995 Pilot Study was conducted between August 3 and September 10, 1995. The content of the study reflects the NES commitment to improve measures of candidate evaluation, the impact of the campaign, values and predispositions, the comparative study of elections, and other responses to a stimulus letter calling for ideas for content sent to the user community on November 4, 1994. Specific topic areas in the study include: (1) an experiment using different measures of affective reactions to political figures, (2) a module of items being concurrently tested in many other nations as part of a comparative study of politics, (3) a set of 12 items asking respondents to make tradeoffs among programs, taxes, and the budget deficit, (4) a set of items designed to measure attitudes toward the environment and environmental policy, (5) a new measure of "humanitarianism," and (6) an extensive set of items regarding attention to the media intended to capture exposure to the political campaigns. In order to include all of the content, and to test between competing instrumentation, there were two forms of the questionnaire. Rosters of items, such as the thermometer, were randomized in administration to minimize order effects.

Curated

ANES 1974 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7355)

Released/updated on: 2015-11-10

Geographic coverage: United States

This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. Content areas covered include TV and newspaper use patterns, respondents' perceptions of issues raised in the media, and the importance of current political issues and personalities, including Watergate and the Nixon resignation and pardon.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

ANES 1994 Time Series Study (ICPSR 6507)

Released/updated on: 2016-09-16

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1992-01-01--1994-01-01

This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on public policy issues, and participation in political life. The 1994 National Election Study is a post-election interview in which approximately 42 percent of the cases are empaneled respondents first interviewed in the ANES 1992 TIME SERIES STUDY (ICPSR 6067) and later in the ANES 1993 PANEL STUDY (ICPSR 6264). The other 58 percent of the cases are a freshly drawn cross-section sample. The panel component of the study focuses on the special features of the 1992-1994 elections: a minority president struggling to forge a majority coalition in the face of a strong third-party challenge, and the replacement in 1992 of fully one-quarter of the House of Representatives. Coming at the end of this period, the 1994 National Election Study provides insights into how electoral coalitions form and decay, and how members of the House who were newly-elected in 1992 managed, or failed to secure their districts. The study design themes became especially salient in the aftermath of the November 8 election, when control of the Congress shifted to the Republican Party for the first time since 1952. Survey questions included the standard National Election Studies battery of congressional evaluations supplemented by questions on term limits, the respondents' representatives' votes on President Bill Clinton's crime bill, and whether respondents felt that their representatives cared more about their own prestige and influence than about solving the problems of their congressional districts. The content of the 1994 Election Study reflects its dual purpose, both as the traditional presidential election year time-series data collection and as the third wave of a panel study. In addition to the standard demographic items, respondents were asked about their opinions on the following substantive themes: interest in the campaign, media exposure, presidential performance evaluation, measures of partisanship (party likes/dislikes and party identification), which party would better handle certain public problems, summary evaluations (feeling thermometers) on major political figures and social groups, and recent voting behavior. Respondents were also asked about their views on issues such as defense spending, assistance to Blacks, the trade-off between spending and services, health insurance, the role of women, recent proposals to reform welfare, preferences on federal budget allocations, and evaluations of past and prospective economic trends. They were also queried on the extent of their participation in the campaign and their values regarding egalitarianism, attitudes toward race, school prayer, and abortion.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

ANES 1996 Time Series Study (ICPSR 6896)

Released/updated on: 2016-09-20

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1992-01-01--1996-01-01

This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948, designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The 1996 National Election Study contains both a pre- and a post-election component. The pre-election survey includes interviews in which approximately 77 percent of the cases are empaneled respondents who were first interviewed in the ANES 1992 TIME SERIES STUDY (ICPSR 6067) or the ANES 1994 TIME SERIES STUDY (ICPSR 6507), or both. The other 23 percent of the pre-election cases are a freshly drawn cross-section sample. Of the 1,714 citizens interviewed during the pre-election stage, 1,534 (89.5 percent) also participated in the post-election survey: 1,197 of these respondents were panel cases and 337 were cross-section. The content of the 1996 Election Study reflects its dual function, both as a traditional presidential election year time-series data collection and as a panel study. Substantive themes presented in the 1996 questionnaires included interest in political campaigns, evaluations of the political parties, knowledge and evaluation of the presidential and House candidates, political participation (including turnout in the presidential primaries and in the November general election as well as other forms of electoral campaign activity), and vote choices for president, the United States House of Representatives, and the United States Senate. Additional items focus on perceptions of personal and national economic well-being, positions on social welfare issues like the role of government in the provision of jobs and a good standard of living, positions on social issues (including abortion, women's roles, and prayer in the schools), racial and ethnic stereotypes, opinions on affirmative action, attitudes toward immigrants, opinions about the nation's most important problems, political predispositions, social altruism, social networks, feeling thermometers for a wide range of political figures and political groups, affinity with various social groups. The 1996 study also includes new measures related to the dynamics of the congressional campaign, questions regarding the importance of issues, and the respondents' level of certainty regarding their expressed opinions, as well as new items about crime, the environment, gun control and income inequality. An eight-minute module of questions included in the post-election survey was developed by a consortium of electoral scholars from 52 polities to facilitate comparative analysis of political attitudes and voting behavior. Social capital items assess trust in people and government as well as membership and activity in a wide variety of social, political, religious, and civic organizations. A full complement of variables on group membership and participation is also available in the Group Membership File which can be merged with the Main Data File. Detailed demographic information is provided, as well as measures of religious affiliation and religiosity.

Curated

Detroit Area Study, 1957: Leader Survey (ICPSR 7107)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan

This study investigated political activities and attitudes of 77 Republican and 72 Democratic precinct leaders in Wayne County, Michigan. The interviews focused on county-, district-, and precinct-level organization and activities as well as on related perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of the party leadership toward the party structure at each level. Questions probed the respondents' living experiences before coming to Detroit, and their behavior regarding changes of residence since coming to Detroit. The use of phones within the home was also ascertained. Items assessing various influences on the respondents' political attitudes and behaviors were included in the interview. The respondents were asked to indicate the mass media on which they depended most heavily for political information, and how often politics was discussed in meetings with family, friends, neighbors, and other groups to which they belonged. The strength of the respondent's political party affiliation and perceptions of differences between the major parties on various issues were also explored. Questions were asked about the importance and frequency of voting, the respondent's knowledge of and involvement in local party politics, knowledge of precinct workers and the state party chairman, and general attitudes toward politics and political figures such as Adlai Stevenson and Dwight Eisenhower. Also studied were the respondent's opinions regarding several controversial issues, including national health care, school integration, ending the selective service system, and monetary aid to countries that were not anti-communist. Background variables established the respondent's age, sex, race, educational level, marital status, occupation, social class, political affiliation, number of children, religious preference, and relationship to the head of the household. Demographic information was also collected on the respondent's father.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Survey of Russian Elites, Moscow, Russia, 1993-2020 (ICPSR 3724)

Released/updated on: 2023-06-01

Geographic coverage: Moscow, Russia

Time period: 1993-01-01--2020-01-01

The Survey of Russian Elites consists of one dataset that covers the years 1993, 1995, 1999, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020. The data were collected as part of a larger study of mass-elite interactions in post-Soviet Russia, with particular emphasis on the links between the domestic political economy and foreign policy perspectives. The dataset includes questions on international relations, threat perceptions, foreign policy decision-making, domestic politics, and economic issues.

In particular, respondents were asked their opinions about the national interests of Russia, the role of military force in international relations, the greatest threats to stability and security, the enlargement of the European Union, NATO expansion, the need for order in Russia, and how closely Russia should follow the path of developed countries. Additional questions asked respondents about their level of influence on foreign policy decision-making, how they find out about world and domestic events, how often they discuss such events with friends or family members, whether the United States represents a threat to Russia, whether they favor giving military aid to other countries, the importance of various foreign policy goals to Russia, the influence of various governmental institutions on foreign policy, and the permissibility of using military force. Questions focusing on domestic issues asked about their attitudes regarding government spending, the rights of individuals versus those of society, the role of political competition, the responsibility of the government to its citizens, the importance and meaning of democracy, and the type of political system that is most appropriate for Russia. Respondents were also asked about Russia's relations with other countries (e.g., Ukraine, Belarus, Japan, and China), various forms of property ownership, their willingness to open a new business, national pride, political protests, the environment, their views toward immigrants and other societal groups, and Russia's political and economic future.

Demographic questions include nationality, education, occupation of the respondent and other family members, sex, age, country of birth, marital status, language spoken in the home, income level, household composition, political party affiliation, religion, military service, and foreign travel.