Showing 1 – 50 of 51 results.
Curated
ABC News/Washington Post Poll, February 1986 (ICPSR 8574)
Released/updated on: 2010-05-06
Geographic coverage: United States
This poll, conducted February 6-12, 1986, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Views were sought on the way Ronald Reagan was handling the presidency and issues such as foreign affairs, the condition of the national economy, the role of the federal government, proposals for reducing the federal budget deficit, including cutting specific government programs and increasing taxes, and whether the United States should help try to overthrow pro-communist governments. Respondents were asked whether they had seen or heard President Reagan's State of the Union speech, for whom they would vote in the 1988 presidential primary or caucus in their state, and whether they would vote for the Republican or Democratic candidate in their district in the congressional elections in November. Opinions were sought on the women's movement, including whether women would be better off staying at home raising families or having careers, whether women with children were less reliable workers, and whether it was realistic for women to expect to have a successful career, a good marriage, and a stable home life at the same time. A series of questions addressed respondents' knowledge of the Soviet Union and their impressions of Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet people, and relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. Additional topics included abortion, forced school busing for racial integration, pornography, censorship, daycare arrangements, the space program, and whether the space shuttle program should continue following the recent space shuttle Challenger disaster. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, marital status, education level, household income, political philosophy, political party affiliation, voter registration status and participation history, religion in which respondents were raised, perceived social class, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), employment status of respondents and their spouses, the number of people living in the household, and whether anyone in the household was a veteran, a member of a labor union, or employed by the government.
Curated
American National Election Pilot Study, Spring 1979 (ICPSR 7709)
Released/updated on: 2000-05-17
Geographic coverage: United States
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. In conjunction with research and development efforts for AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1980 (ICPSR 7763), this small national pilot survey was conducted utilizing 30 primary sampling units. Respondents were interviewed in March 1979 and reinterviewed in April 1979. The survey focused on the evaluation of candidates (their traits and affects), the dimensions of partisanship, assessment of inflation versus unemployment, social context (friends and neighborhood), and the follow-up of the national problems deemed most important by respondents, such as inflation, the federal budget, the balance of trade, changes in the economy, and the efficacy of governmental intervention in domestic affairs.
Curated
American National Election Series: 1972, 1974, 1976 (ICPSR 7607)
Released/updated on: 2000-03-21
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1972-01-01--1976-01-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. This collection consists of a distinct panel across the three election waves, the cross-section samples associated with each election study, and a vote validation study. The panel component consists of a maximum of five interview points for each respondent (pre- and post-1972 election, post-1974 election, and pre- and post-1976 election) taken from the American National Election Studies of 1972 (ICPSR 7010), 1974 (ICPSR 7355), and 1976 (ICPSR 7381). The vote validation data were gathered in the spring and summer of 1977, through interviews with election registration officials and from examination of voting records of the respondents participating in these election studies. The collection also includes filter variables that allow for the retrieval of each of the distinct panel and cross-section samples.
Curated
American National Election Studies, 1992-1997: Combined File (ICPSR 2407)
Released/updated on: 1999-10-07
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1992-01-01--1997-01-01
The 1992-1997 Combined File brings together all publicly released variables from the following National Election Study datasets: the 1992 Pre- and Post-Election Survey (ICPSR 6067) (only the 1,005 "fresh" cross-section cases), the 1993 Pilot Study (ICPSR 6264), the 1994 Post-Election Survey (ICPSR 6507), the 1995 Pilot Study (ICSPR 6636), the 1996 Pre- and Post-Election Survey (ICPSR 6896), and the 1997 Pilot Study (ICPSR 2282). The data in this combined file are identical to the original datasets in terms of sampling, case disposition, and conditions for interviewing. All survey variables are included along with other ancillary variables, such as those that describe the randomization position. This data file can be used for both cross-sectional and panel analysis through selecting subsets of cases. Each election year can be analyzed as a whole, in cross-sectional or trend analysis.
Curated
American National Election Studies, 2000, 2002, and 2004: Full Panel Study (ICPSR 21500)
Released/updated on: 2009-01-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2000-01-01--2004-01-01
This data file does not represent new content, but instead it is the result of merging data from the 2000 NES, the 2002 NES, and the 2004 ANES Panel Study. The 2000 ANES contains questions in areas such as values and predispositions, media exposure, social altruism, and social networks. Special-interest and topical content includes a sizable battery on the Clinton legacy and a smaller retrospective battery on former President George H.W. Bush, new social trust questions specific to neighborhood and workplace, expanded content on civic engagement, questions related to the debate about campaign finance reform, and the first ANES time series appearance of measures on cognitive style. The 2002 ANES contains questions in areas such as social trust and civic engagement. Special-interest and topical content includes questions on the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the war on terrorism, economic inequality, the 2000 Presidential election, recent corporate scandals, the 2001 tax cut, and proposed elimination of the estate tax. The 2004 phase of the panel study was given in large part to questions that capture the likely consequences of the election contest of 2000 and the terrorist attack of September 11th, as understood and interpreted by ordinary Americans. This included instrumentation on participation in political and civic life, satisfaction with democratic institutions, support for administration policy, and views on Afghanistan, Iraq, and homeland security. Demographic variables include sex, race, age, marital status, family income, education level, religious preference, political party affiliation, voter participation history, and registration status.
Curated
American National Election Studies: 2006 ANES Pilot Study (ICPSR 21440)
Released/updated on: 2008-11-17
Geographic coverage: United States
In the fall of 2006 the American National Election Studies (ANES) carried out a pilot study after the 2006 mid-term elections in the United States. The 2006 ANES Pilot Study was conducted for the purpose of testing new questions and conducting methodological research to inform the design of future ANES studies. As such, it is not considered part of the ANES time series that has been conducted since 1948, and the pilot study only includes time series questions necessary to evaluate the new content. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. This full release dataset contains all 675 interviews, with the survey portion of the interview lasting just over 37 minutes on average. The study had a re-interview rate of 56.25 percent. Respondents were asked questions over a variety of topics. They were queried on need for closure in various situations including unpredictable ones, how fast important decisions were made, and how often they could see that both people can be right when in disagreement. Respondents were asked many questions pertaining to their values. Some questions dealt with optimism and pessimism. Respondents were asked if they felt that were generally optimistic, pessimistic, or neither in regard to the future. They were asked specifically how they felt about the future of the United States. Respondents were also asked about their social networks, about who they talked to in the last six months, and how close they felt to them. Respondents were further queried about how many days in the last six months they talked to these people, their political views, interest in politics, and the amount of time it would take to drive to their homes. Other questions sought respondents' political attitudes including attentiveness to following politics, ambivalence, efficacy, and trust in government. Respondents were asked questions related to the media such as how much time and how many days during a typical week they watched or read news on the Internet, newspaper, radio, or television. Questions that dealt with abortion consisted of giving respondents various scenarios and asking if they favored or opposed it being legal for the women to have an abortion in that circumstance. The issue of justice was also included by asking respondents what percent of people of different backgrounds who are suspected of committing a crime in America are treated fairly. Respondents were also asked to give their opinion on gender in politics, specifically, whether gender played a role in how the respondent would vote for various political offices. Respondents were also queried on whether they would vote for Bill Clinton or George W. Bush and whether they had voted in the elections in November. Respondents were also asked if they approved of the way George W. Bush was handling his job as president, the way he was handling relations with foreign countries, and the way he was dealing with terrorism. Respondents were also asked how upsetting the thought of their own death was, and how likely it was that a majority of all people on Earth would die at once during the next 100 years because of a single event. Demographic variables include age, party affiliation, sex, religious preference, and political party affiliation.
Curated
American National Election Study, 1984: 1983 Pilot Study (ICPSR 8178)
Released/updated on: 1999-11-10
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1984-07-01--1984-08-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. This pilot was conducted to develop new instrumentation for segments of the 1984 American National Election Study. New items were tested on several topics including economic well-being, group identification, values, political participation, and candidate affect. Telephone interviews were conducted in July, with reinterviews in August.
Curated
American National Election Study: 1985 Pilot Study (ICPSR 8476)
Released/updated on: 1999-11-02
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1985-11-01--1986-01-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. This pilot study was designed to test instrumentation for the 1986 and 1988 National Election Studies. Special content areas emphasized in the pilot are: political knowledge, group membership, identification of elderly (aged 60 and over) Blacks and women with these social groups, attitudes toward racial issues, and opinions on traditional moral values. In order to experiment with question wording and formats, two forms were used in both waves.
Curated
American National Election Study, 1988: 1987 Pilot Study (ICPSR 8713)
Released/updated on: 1999-11-10
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1987-05-05--1987-07-02
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. This pilot was designed to test instrumentation for the 1988 American National Election Study. The study carries new measures of foreign policy attitudes, system support, and morality. A significant portion of the study is devoted to experiments in question wording and question order effects.
Curated
American National Election Study, 1988: The Presidential Nomination Process [Super Tuesday] (ICPSR 9093)
Released/updated on: 1999-10-07
Geographic coverage: United States
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. This study of the presidential nomination process in the United States focuses on the Super Tuesday primary elections held in 16 states on March 8, 1988. The pre-election wave for this data collection was in the field between January 17 and March 8, 1988. Questions include candidate recognition and evaluations, feeling thermometers and traits, assessment of each candidate's chances of winning his/her party's nomination and the November general election, attitudes on public issues, vote intention and choice, and respondent's age, race, education, occupation, labor union membership, income, and religious affiliation. Immediately following Super Tuesday, brief reinterviews were conducted that contained recognition and feeling thermometers on all candidates and traits of selected candidates. A full range of voting questions also was asked, including whether the respondent voted, in which primary and for which candidate, whom the respondent preferred to see each party nominate for president, and whom the respondent most wanted to see elected as president.
Curated
American National Election Study: 1989 Pilot Study (ICPSR 9295)
Released/updated on: 2003-09-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1989-07-01--1989-10-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The 1989 Pilot Study, like its predecessors, provides an opportunity to refine existing National Election Study measures and to develop and test new instrumentation. These data include new measures of religious identity and the political salience of religion, media exposure and the type of information recalled, and individualism represented by predispositions to autonomy, self-reliance, laissez-faire, and limited government. A significant portion of the study is devoted to experiments contrasting different instrumentation for issue questions. New items on gun control, abortion, and the Alaska oil spill also are included.
Curated
American National Election Study: 1990-1991 Panel Study of the Political Consequences of War/1991 Pilot Study (ICPSR 9673)
Released/updated on: 1999-10-07
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1990-01-01--1991-01-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The panel portion of this collection focuses on the consequences of war, with the first wave consisting of the 1990 Post-Election Survey conducted prior to the outbreak of hostilities in the Persian Gulf. The respondents were reinterviewed several months after hostilities ended, and in this wave the survey content consisted of a repeat of a subset of questions from the Post-Election Survey, and additional items especially relevant to the Gulf War conflict. In addition, a full-fledged pilot study, designed to explore new areas of interest and develop new instrumentation, is embedded in this collection. Among the topics covered in the Pilot portion of the survey are ethnic politics, gender, Social Security, Medicaid/medical care for the elderly, social altruism, and political knowledge. A number of contextual variables also are provided, including summary variables that combine the respondent's recall of his or her senator's and representative's vote on the use of force with that congressperson's actual vote, and county-level 1980 Census data on race.
Curated
American National Election Study, 1990-1992: Full Panel Survey (ICPSR 6230)
Released/updated on: 2005-12-15
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1990-01-01--1993-01-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The American National Election Studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. This collection includes respondents who were first interviewed following the November 1990 general election (see AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1990: POST-ELECTION SURVEY [ICPSR VERSION] [ICPSR 9548]), and then reinterviewed in two subsequent surveys: AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY: 1990-1991 PANEL STUDY OF THE POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES OF WAR/1991 PILOT STUDY [ICPSR VERSION] (ICPSR 9673) and AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1992: PRE- AND POST-ELECTION SURVEY [ENHANCED WITH 1990 AND 1991 DATA] (ICPSR 6067). The purpose of this panel study is to trace the fortunes of the Bush presidency, from post-Gulf War height to November election defeat, and to provide insight into the origins of the Bill Clinton and Ross Perot coalitions. It also allows the panel analyst to do a traditional assessment of panel attrition which is not possible with any of the collections mentioned above. In 1990, respondents answered questions on topics such as presidential performance, the Persian Gulf War, values and individualism, and foreign relations. Post-election vote validation and election administration survey data are also included. In 1991, respondents were reinterviewed several months after hostilities in the Persian Gulf ended. The survey content consisted of a repeat of a subset of questions from the 1990 Post-Election Survey, and additional items especially relevant to the Gulf War. A number of contextual variables also are provided, including summary variables that combine the respondent's recall of his or her senator's and representative's vote on the use of force with that congressperson's actual vote. New pilot questions were also asked in areas such as gender, ethnicity, medical care for the elderly, and social altruism. In 1992, respondents were asked their positions on social issues such as altruism, abortion, the death penalty, prayer in the schools, the rights of homosexuals, sexual harassment, women's rights, and feminist consciousness. Other substantive themes included racial and ethnic stereotypes, opinions on school integration and affirmative action, attitudes towards immigrants (particularly Hispanics and Asians), opinions on immigration policy and bilingual education, assessments of United States foreign policy goals, and United States involvement in the Persian Gulf War. Part 2 provides information on the total number of cases included in the 1990 Post-Election Survey sample (1,980 respondents who were valid interviews and 805 selected respondents who were not interviewed) in order to study survey nonresponse. Variables include reasons for noninterview, the number of calls, and characteristics of the noninterviewed household.
Curated
American National Election Study, 1990: Senate Election Study (ICPSR 9549)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-17
Geographic coverage: United States
This data collection, focusing on the 1990 Senate elections, is part of a planned three-part series (1988, 1990, 1992) of Senate studies. Over the course of the three elections, voters in each of the 50 states will be interviewed, and data will be gathered on citizen evaluations of all senators at each stage of their six-year election cycles. In this collection, as in the 1988 Senate Study, contextual data for all 50 states have been merged with the survey data. The survey data facilitate the comparison of House of Representatives and Senate races through the use of questions that generally parallel those questions used in election studies since 1978 concerning respondents' interaction with and evaluation of candidates for the House of Representatives. The 50-state survey design also allows for the comparison of respondents' perceptions and evaluations of senators who are up for re-election with those in the second or fourth years of their terms. Topics covered include respondent's recall and like/dislike of House and Senate candidates, issues discussed in the campaigns, contact with House and Senate candidates/incumbents, respondent's opinion of the proper roles for senators and representatives, a limited set of issue questions, liberal/conservative self-placement, party identification, media exposure, and demographic information. Contextual data presented include election returns for the Senate primary and general elections, voting indices for the years 1983-1990, information about the Senate campaign such as election outcome predictions, campaign pollster used, spending patterns, and demographic, geographic, and economic data for the state. Derived measures also are included that reorganize the House of Representatives and Senate variables by party of candidate and incumbency/challenger status of candidate, and, for Senate variables only, by proximity to next election, along with a number of analytic variables intended to make analyses more convenient (e.g., Senate class number and whether the respondent voted for the incumbent).
Curated
American National Election Study: 1995 Pilot Study (ICPSR 6636)
Released/updated on: 1999-08-20
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1995-08-03--1995-09-10
A number of pilot studies have been conducted by the National Election Studies (NES) for the purpose of developing new instrumentation. The 1995 Pilot Study is part of this effort, which also includes studies conducted in 1979, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1991, and 1993. As in earlier pilot studies (except for 1979), the 1995 study respondents were a subset of the previous year's traditional time-series respondents. The study is a one-wave reinterview of a randomly selected subset of respondents with telephones from the fresh cross-section portion of the AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1994: POST-ELECTION SURVEY [ENHANCED WITH 1992 AND 1993 DATA] (ICPSR 6507). The 1995 Pilot Study was conducted between August 3 and September 10, 1995. The content of the study reflects the NES commitment to improve measures of candidate evaluation, the impact of the campaign, values and predispositions, the comparative study of elections, and other responses to a stimulus letter calling for ideas for content sent to the user community on November 4, 1994. Specific topic areas in the study include: (1) an experiment using different measures of affective reactions to political figures, (2) a module of items being concurrently tested in many other nations as part of a comparative study of politics, (3) a set of 12 items asking respondents to make tradeoffs among programs, taxes, and the budget deficit, (4) a set of items designed to measure attitudes toward the environment and environmental policy, (5) a new measure of "humanitarianism," and (6) an extensive set of items regarding attention to the media intended to capture exposure to the political campaigns. In order to include all of the content, and to test between competing instrumentation, there were two forms of the questionnaire. Rosters of items, such as the thermometer, were randomized in administration to minimize order effects.
Curated
American National Election Study: 1997 Pilot Study (ICPSR 2282)
Released/updated on: 1999-10-07
Geographic coverage: United States
The 1997 Pilot Study is part of the National Election Studies (NES) effort to develop new instrumentation. Previous pilot studies were conducted in 1979, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1991, 1993, and 1995. As in earlier pilot studies (except for 1979), the 1997 study respondents were a subset of the previous year's traditional time-series respondents. This study is a one-wave reinterview of a randomly-selected subset of respondents with telephones from the fresh cross-section portion of the AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1996: POST-ELECTION SURVEY (ICPSR 6896). The 1997 Pilot Study was conducted between September 5 and October 1, 1997. Specific topic areas in the study include: (1) a battery designed to improve NES instrumentation on nonelectoral political participation and mobilization, (2) testing of NES instrumentation on group closeness, group difference, and group conflict as a basis of current mass politics, and group threat as a basis of group-based politics, (3) evaluations of the president, Congress, and the Supreme Court using a new battery of items, and (4) the role of religion in citizens' political thinking. The use of Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) enabled a number of experimental treatments within the survey instrumentation, including random assignment, early-late placement, and presentation order. In addition, rosters of items, such as the thermometer, were randomized in administration to minimize order effects.
Curated
American National Election Study: 1998 Pilot Study (ICPSR 2693)
Released/updated on: 2005-12-15
Geographic coverage: United States, Illinois, California, Georgia
The 1998 Pilot Study focused on examining and improving the methodology used for future studies in the American National Election Studies series. The study provided an opportunity to test new instrumentation, fine-tune measurement of core concepts, and try out some innovative survey methods. The 1998 Pilot Study, conducted September 8 through November 3, 1998, marked the first time a study was conducted during an election season. Three high-profile gubernatorial contests in California, Illinois, and Georgia were used as a basis for testing instrumentation that can only be analyzed in the context of an electoral campaign and for investigating how to improve the election study's capacity to illuminate the impact of campaigns. Among the concepts covered in the study are political interest, knowledge, ideology, efficacy, trust, mobilization, issue attitudes/awareness keyed to actual campaigns, campaign interest, participation in a campaign, media use, candidate awareness, partisanship, vote intention, certainty of vote, and social context and communication. Several additional measures were piloted, including what part of the day the respondent tended to watch television, new social context and communication variables, need for evaluation, group mobilization, public mood, a new affirmative action variable, perceived tone of the campaign, awareness of campaign issues, and whether the respondent owned stock.
Curated
American National Election Study: Pooled Senate Election Study, 1988, 1990, 1992 (ICPSR 9580)
Released/updated on: 2005-03-07
Geographic coverage: United States
This data collection, focusing on Senate elections, combines data from a three-part series (1988, 1990, 1992) of Senate studies. Over the course of these three elections voters in each of the 50 states were interviewed, and data were gathered on citizen evaluations of all senators at three stages of their six-year election cycles. Both survey data and contextual data for all 50 states are included. The survey data facilitate the comparison of House of Representatives and Senate races through the use of questions that generally parallel those questions used in election studies since 1978 concerning respondents' interaction with and evaluation of candidates for the House of Representatives. However, because of redistricting in the early 1990s, the congressional districts for the 1992 respondents could not be pre-identified. The survey instrument was, therefore, redesigned to some degree, cutting some of the House-related content for the 1992 survey. The 50-state survey design also allows for the comparison of respondents' perceptions and evaluation of senators who were up for re-election with those in the second or fourth years of their terms. Topics covered include respondent's recall and like/dislike of House and Senate candidates, issues discussed in the campaigns, contact with House and Senate candidates/incumbents, respondent's opinion of the proper roles for senators and representatives, a limited set of issue questions, liberal/conservative self-placement, party identification, media exposure, and demographic information. Contextual data presented include election returns for the Senate primary and general elections, voting indices for the years 1983-1992, information about the Senate campaign such as election outcome predictions, campaign pollster used, and spending patterns, and demographic, geographic, and economic data for the state. Also included are derived measures that reorganize the House of Representatives and Senate variables by the party and incumbency/challenger status of the candidate and, for Senate variables only, by proximity to next election. Additionally, a number of analytic variables intended to make analyses more convenient (e.g., Senate class number and whether the respondent voted for the incumbent) are presented.
Curated
American Panel Study: 1956, 1958, 1960 (ICPSR 7252)
Released/updated on: 2000-03-15
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1956-09-01--1960-12-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The American National Election Studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The data for this collection are derived from an interviewing program across three studies: the 1956 Presidential Pre- and Post-Election (AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1956 [ICPSR 7214]), 1958 Congressional (AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1958 [ICPSR 7215]), and 1960 Presidential Pre- and Post-Election Studies (AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1960 [ICPSR 7216]).
Curated
American Public Opinion and U.S. Foreign Policy, 1998 (ICPSR 2747)
Released/updated on: 2000-03-15
Geographic coverage: United States
This study is part of a quadrennial series designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public and a select group of opinion leaders on matters relating to foreign policy, and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. Through telephone surveys, general public respondents (Part 2) were interviewed October 15-November 10, 1998, and opinion leaders (Part 1) were interviewed November 2-December 21, 1998. Respondents were asked to assess their level of interest in the news and specifically in foreign policy. Respondents were also asked whether concern for foreign policy is important in a presidential candidate, and their views were sought on the foreign policy records of President Bill Clinton and former presidents George Bush, Ronald Reagan, Jimmy Carter, Gerald Ford, Richard Nixon, Lyndon Johnson, John F. Kennedy, Dwight Eisenhower, and Harry Truman. Those queried were asked for their opinions on economic aid to foreign nations, including Egypt, Poland, Russia, Israel, and African nations. In addition, respondents were asked to rate the Clinton administration on foreign policy, trade policy, immigration policy, United States relations with China, Japan, and Russia, international terrorism, the situation in the former Yugoslavia, the Arab-Israeli peace process, the situation in Iraq, nuclear proliferation, the situation in Northern Ireland, and the Asian financial crisis. Views were also sought on whether United States' vital interests were present in Egypt, Germany, Japan, Mexico, Israel, Canada, Brazil, Russia, Haiti, Bosnia, Indonesia, Kuwait, Great Britain, Saudi Arabia, China, France, the Baltic nations, South Korea, Poland, South Africa, Taiwan, Cuba, India, Turkey, Iran, and Afghanistan. A series of questions addressed potential threats to those vital interests. Additional topics covered the foreign policy goals of the United States, bloodshed in the 21st century, measures to combat international terrorism, the United States' commitment to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the United States' contributions to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and United States involvement in United Nations peacekeeping operations. Respondents were asked to rate their feelings toward Great Britain, Saudi Arabia, China, France, Taiwan, South Korea, Cuba, Argentina, Pakistan, Nigeria, Turkey, Italy, Russia, North Korea, Germany, Iran, Japan, Mexico, Israel, Iraq, India, Canada, and Brazil. Respondents were also asked for their opinions of President Bill Clinton, Russian President Boris Yeltsin, Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, Pope John Paul II, former President George Bush, former President Jimmy Carter, German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder, South African President Nelson Mandela, European Union President Jacques Santer, Cuban President Fidel Castro, Chinese President Jiang Zemin, British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Palestinian Leader Yasser Arafat, French President Jacques Chirac, and Serbian President Slobodan Milosovic. Further queries focused on whether United States troops should be used if North Korea invaded South Korea, if Iraq invaded Saudi Arabia, if Arab forces invaded Israel, if Russia invaded Poland, if the Cuban people attempted to overthrow the Castro regime, if China invaded Taiwan, or if Serbian forces killed large numbers of ethnic Albanians. Respondents were asked whether they supported the use of economic sanctions against Cuba, Iraq, Iran, North Korea, and China. Additional topics covered the elimination of tariffs, globalization, the establishment of a Palestinian state, the United States' role as a world leader, United States federal government program spending, and whether the United States should pay the $1.6 billion owed to the United Nations. Opinion leaders were asked an additional question about the possible threat of the "euro" (the unified monetary system to be implemented in January 1999 by the European Union) to the United States dollar's supremacy as a reserve currency. Background information on general public respondents includes age, race, sex, political party, political orientation, religion, marital status, spouse's employment status, age of children in household, amount of time spent at home, employment status, occupation, position in household, education, home ownership status, and household income. Background information on opinion leaders includes age, sex, education, political party, and political orientation.
Curated
ANES 1948 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7218)
Released/updated on: 2015-11-10
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1948-10-01--1948-11-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
ANES 1952 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7213)
Released/updated on: 2016-09-20
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1952-09-01--1952-12-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The 1952 National Election Study gauges political attitudes in general, along with attitudes and behaviors directly relevant to the 1952 presidential election. The interview schedule contained both closed and open-ended questions designed to collect data on a wide range of issues. Most respondents were interviewed both before and after the date of the election. The pre-election survey tapped attitudes toward political parties, candidates, and other specific issues, and inquired about the respondents' personal and political background. The post-election interview focused on the actual vote and voting-related behaviors. Additionally, a sub-sample of 585 respondents was administered a Form B re-interview obtaining further information about organizational affiliations, personal data, and non-political opinions and attitudes. A special emphasis was placed on the perception of group behavior, especially the perceived political preferences of family, friends, and associates.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
ANES 1956 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7214)
Released/updated on: 2016-09-22
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1956-09-01--1957-01-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The election studies are designed to collect data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The questionnaires contained both closed and open-ended questions covering a wide range of topics. The study inquired about general political attitudes as well as the attitudes and behaviors pertinent to the 1956 presidential election. Each respondent was interviewed both before and after the election date. In the pre-election survey, respondents were asked about their attitudes toward political parties, candidates, and other specific issues, as well as personal data and some political history. The post-election interview focused on the actual vote and reasons for the vote. It also obtained further personal data and asked non-political attitudinal questions (Form C) of a sub-sample of 579 respondents.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
ANES 1958 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7215)
Released/updated on: 2016-09-22
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1958-11-01--1958-12-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The 1958 study may be analyzed both on its own, as a cross-section survey representative of the U.S. population of voting age, and as the second wave of a panel study that started with the ANES 1956 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7214) and ended with the ANES 1960 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7216). Each respondent was interviewed only once, after the election. Respondents who had not been interviewed in 1956 were selected from dwelling units vacated by 1956 respondents (movers). The questionnaires contained both closed and open-ended questions covering a wide range of topics. In addition to general political attitudes, the study obtained information about the more specific attitudes and behaviors pertinent to the 1958 Congressional Election, like the respondents' actual vote and reasons for the vote, attitudes toward political parties and candidates, and the respondents' political history. Data were also collected on specific domestic and foreign policy issues such as government involvement in housing and public utilities, and United States aid to anti-Communist nations. The study also ascertained the financial situation of the family unit and other demographic information.
Curated
ANES 1960 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7216)
Released/updated on: 2015-11-10
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1960-09-01--1960-12-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
ANES 1962 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7217)
Released/updated on: 2016-12-01
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1962-11-01--1962-12-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The ANES 1962 Time Series Study is a traditional time series study, conducted face-to-face after the congressional election. The data were collected as part of the Survey Research Center Economic Behavior Program's Fall Omnibus Survey, which was designed to measure consumer confidence and optimism but also included questions in other areas such as political behavior and political attitudes. The questionnaire used served both the 1962 ANES and the Fall Omnibus, but the 1962 ANES excluded questions that were specifically gathered for the EBP survey alone. In addition to content on electoral participation, voting behavior, and public opinion, the 1962 ANES includes items on partisanship, government enforcement of school integration, and financial and business conditions.
Curated
ANES 1964 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7235)
Released/updated on: 2015-11-10
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1964-09-01--1965-02-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. A Black supplement of 263 respondents, who were asked the same questions that were administered to the national cross-section sample, is included with the national cross-section of 1,571 respondents. In addition to the usual content, the study contains data on opinions about the Supreme Court, political knowledge, and further information concerning racial issues. Voter validation data have been included as an integral part of the election study, providing objective information from registration and voting records or from respondents' past voting behavior.
Curated
ANES 1966 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7259)
Released/updated on: 2015-11-10
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1966-11-01--1967-01-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. In addition to the usual content, this study tapped feelings of personal political competence and information regarding the Supreme Court, prepared by Walter Murphy of Princeton University and Joseph Tanenhaus of the University of Iowa. The Supreme Court questions emphasized the respondents' perceptions of the Court's functions, their knowledge and opinions of specific decisions and the general judicial trend they represent, and their evaluations of the Court's attitude toward specific groups and issues such as civil rights, pornography, and religion in the schools.
Curated
ANES 1968 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7281)
Released/updated on: 2015-11-10
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1968-09-01--1969-02-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. A Black supplement of 116 respondents is included with the national cross-section of 1,557 respondents. Additional content areas included in this study were assessment of the respondent's faith in local, state, and national governments, voting on propositions on the ballot, the respondent's attempts to influence others to vote, participation in local school board activities and opinions on local education problems, and placement of political figures on a "feeling thermometer".
Curated
ANES 1970 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7298)
Released/updated on: 2015-11-10
Geographic coverage: United States
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. A Black supplement of 114 respondents is included with the national cross-section of 1,580 respondents. In addition to the usual content, this study included items related to issues of college unrest, government help to minority groups, government action against inflation, and pollution from private industry. The Black respondents were questioned about the formation of a Black political party. This is the first of the national election studies to include respondents 18 to 20 years old and eligible to vote at the time of the interview.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
ANES 1972 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7010)
Released/updated on: 2016-09-20
Geographic coverage: United States
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. In addition to the core content, this dataset also includes topics like women's liberation, racial attitudes, economic attitudes, payment of federal income tax, feelings about the quality of life, and various cultural attitudes. As a result of findings from previous ANES studies, the general themes of trust in government, alienation, and efficacy were emphasized in an attempt to determine the causes of the observed decrease in public support of the political system. Besides being a stand-alone time series study, this dataset also represents the first wave in a three-wave data collection that continued with the ANES 1974 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7355) and the 1976 ANES Time Series Study (ICPSR 7381). The full panel file of data from these years, the ANES 1972-1976 Merged File (ICPSR 7607), also includes some cases not represented in the time series studies. To maximize the number of questions asked in 1972, two forms of the interview were developed, and each was administered to half of the respondents in both the pre- and the post-election waves. Each half-sample of respondents assigned to a specific questionnaire version also constitutes a cross-national sample, representative of the study population, so that the two sub-samples may be used together, or separately for analysis purposes. The two forms contain approximately 80 percent of the same items, while 20 percent are unique questions. In addition, in the post-election wave, 57 Form I respondents were re-designated Form III, and 37 Form II respondents were re-designated Form IV, because they were interviewed using a mail questionnaire that contained most, but not all, of the questions included in the face-to-face versions of the post-election questionnaire. Demographic variables include sex, age, race and marital status, number of children in household, level of education, occupation and employment status, religious preference.
Curated
ANES 1974 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7355)
Released/updated on: 2015-11-10
Geographic coverage: United States
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. Content areas covered include TV and newspaper use patterns, respondents' perceptions of issues raised in the media, and the importance of current political issues and personalities, including Watergate and the Nixon resignation and pardon.
Curated
ANES 1976 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7381)
Released/updated on: 2015-11-10
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1976-09-01--1976-12-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. In addition to the usual content, the study contains specific inquiries into the impact of the mass media, perceptions of the financial, business, and economic conditions of the nation, and measures of personal esteem, trust, and quality of life.
Curated
ANES 1978 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7655)
Released/updated on: 2015-11-10
Geographic coverage: United States
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. In this post-election survey, major emphasis was placed on the respondent's evaluation of their congressional district's candidates, both the incumbent and opponent, along several dimensions. As in previous American National Election studies, this survey included a series of questions on the media coverage of the campaigns and scales that measured the respondent's positions on major social issues, including urban unrest, protection of the rights of the accused, aid to minority groups, government insurance plan, and women's role in society. The perceived position of the political parties, as well as certain political leaders, on these issues was also ascertained. In addition to the survey data, this file also contains several contextual components consisting of: (1) historical election returns at the state, congressional district, and county levels for elections to the offices of president, governor, and United States senator and representative, 1972-1976, (2) 1978 election returns for primary and general elections to the same offices, including precinct level returns, (3) voter validation variables, (4) information about media structure in the respondent's locale, (5) incumbent characteristics, including information pertaining to the incumbent U.S. representatives of the 95th Congress from the 108 congressional districts sampled in the survey (a major feature of this component is a series of performance ratings that each member of Congress received from certain interest groups and from the Congressional Quarterly), (6) candidate characteristics that apply to the Democratic and Republican candidates for the office of U.S. representative in the 1978 general elections (the latter data were obtained from a 1978 candidate questionnaire that was administered by Congressional Quarterly, Inc.), (7) information prepared by the Federal Election Commission on campaign expenditures and contributions for the offices of U.S. senator and U.S. representative, and (8) U.S. Census Bureau data containing social, economic, and demographic information recorded for the respondent's place of residence. Some of the Census data present information at the congressional district level drawn from the Congressional District Data Book (93rd Congress), as well as county-level Census tabulations prepared from the 1972 County and City Data Book. Additional information includes campaign materials collected from the headquarters of the Democratic and Republican congressional candidates, such as what types of campaign material existed and in how many varieties. Additionally, thematic dimensions of the campaign were coded from the campaign materials.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
ANES 1980 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7763)
Released/updated on: 2016-02-26
Geographic coverage: United States
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. Four areas were targeted for special attention: new measurement of party identification, the measurement of voter attitudes concerning issues of public policy, new content concerning public perceptions of and responses to political leadership, and the exploration of social networks in the crystallization of the vote choice. Special-interest and topical content includes questions on the proposed 30% tax cut, new questions on campaign contributions and party identification, new retrospective and prospective evaluations of the economy, new issue scales on defense spending and U.S. foreign policy toward Russia, a new abortion question, and the introduction to the ANES time series of 'traits and affects' measures of perception and response regarding political leadership. Besides representing a traditional pre-post election study, the two waves of the 1980 ANES Time Series Study were simultaneously components of a larger project consisting of 8 integrated survey data collections carried out throughout 1980 and scheduled at strategically chosen time periods in the course of the election year, along with vote validation and contextual data. Other studies in the project included the four-wave 1980 Major Panel Study [ICPSR 35120], and a 2-wave minor panel that is available only in the ANES 1980 Merged File [ICPSR 35119], which combines into a single dataset all of the ANES data collected in 1980. The National Election Studies Board established a 1980 Presidential Elections Committee that consisted of three Board members (Merrill Shanks, John Jackson, David Sears) and three additional scholars (Richard S. Brody, Jack Dennis, Donald R. Kinder). This committee, along with the Center for Political Studies project staff, was responsible for the planning of the year-long study. The Pre- and Post-Election Surveys file contains the traditional election survey data. Contextual measures are provided along with the survey data, and include election returns, interest group ratings of incumbents, and Federal Election Commission campaign contribution data.
Curated
ANES 1982 Time Series Study (ICPSR 9042)
Released/updated on: 2015-11-10
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1982-11-03--1983-01-31
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. In addition to the usual content, other items included an evaluation of President Ronald Reagan's performance in office, his personal qualities, and the respondent's own feelings toward him.
Curated
ANES 1984 Time Series Study (ICPSR 8298)
Released/updated on: 2015-11-10
Geographic coverage: United States
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. Part 1 of this collection contains the traditional Pre- and Post-Election Survey (ICPSR Version). Interviews were conducted in person prior to the 1984 election. In the post-election wave, half of the respondents were randomly assigned to be reinterviewed in person, and the other half to be reinterviewed by telephone using a shortened version of the questionnaire. In addition to the standard core questions, new topic areas (most of which had been piloted in 1983) included measures of "predispositions" such as economic individualism and egalitarianism, and group identification items. Vote validation data also are provided. Part 2, Continuous Monitoring: January 11, 1984, Through December 31, 1984, was designed to examine the impact of the election campaign on voters' perceptions, beliefs, and preferences. Respondents were questioned about their knowledge of the candidates' stands on the issues, about their own stand on the issues, and about their opinions and evaluations of the candidates. Interviews were conducted by telephone throughout the year, with a total of 46 separate cross-section samples selected by a random-digit dialing design, and an average of 76 respondents interviewed in each of the 46 sample weeks. Although the survey instrument was very much the same from one sample week to the next, some questions were deleted and others added during the course of the campaign, as issues became more or less relevant. Thirteen versions of the questionnaire were incorporated into this data file. For each telephone number selected in the Continuous Monitoring Study administrative information is included, such as number of calls, household composition, and final disposition.
Curated
ANES 1986 Time Series Study (ICPSR 8678)
Released/updated on: 2015-11-10
Geographic coverage: United States
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. In addition to core items, new content includes questions on values, political knowledge, and attitudes on racial policy, as well as more general attitudes conceptualized as antecedent to these opinions on racial issues. The Main Data File also contains vote validation data that were expanded to include information from the appropriate election office and were attached to the records of each of the respondents in the post-election survey. The expanded data consist of the respondent's post case ID, vote validation ID, and two variables to clarify the distinction between the office of registration and the office associated with the respondent's sample address. The second data file, Bias Nonresponse Data File, contains respondent-level field administration variables. Of 3,833 lines of sample that were originally issued for the 1990 Study, 2,176 resulted in completed interviews, others were nonsample, and others were noninterviews for a variety of reasons. For each line of sample, the Bias Nonresponse Data File includes sampling data, result codes, control variables, and interviewer variables. Detailed geocode data are blanked but available under conditions of confidential access (contact the American National Election Studies at the Center for Political Studies, University of Michigan, for further details). This is a specialized file, of particular interest to those who are interested in survey nonresponse. Demographic variables include age, party affiliation, marital status, education, employment status, occupation, religious preference, and ethnicity.
Curated
ANES 1988 Time Series Study (ICPSR 9196)
Released/updated on: 2015-11-10
Geographic coverage: United States
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. In addition to the standard or core content items, new topics include evaluations of the presidential primary candidates, respondent's primary vote, the budget deficit, health insurance, foreign policy, equal rights for women, the drug problem, the Reagan presidency, recall of the 1984 presidential vote, parental party identification, evaluation of Bush and Dukakis on the issues of environment and crime, the death penalty, and new system support and political efficacy items. The file also contains post-election vote validation and election administration survey data as well as data collected in 1991 to revalidate the 1988 respondents in order to assess the reliability of the vote validation process.
Curated
ANES 1990 Time Series Study (ICPSR 9548)
Released/updated on: 2015-11-10
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1990-11-06--1991-01-26
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. For this collection, two forms of the survey instrument were used, with about 75 percent of the content being the same on both forms. Survey questions included the now standard National Election Studies battery of questions, along with items on presidential performance and the Persian Gulf conflict. Additionally, Form A contained questions relating to values and individualism, while Form B had content relating to foreign relations. The file also contains post-election vote validation and election administration survey data. Information is provided concerning sampling data, disposition of the case, control record variables, and information about the interviewer for the 1,980 interviews, plus nonsample and noninterview cases. Each of these records is associated with one or more call records that provide information on the date, day of the week, time of the call and its disposition, and the nature of the contact for those calls that resulted in contact with someone in the sample household.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
ANES 1992 Time Series Study (ICPSR 6067)
Released/updated on: 2016-06-23
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1990-01-01--1992-01-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national electoral surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The American National Election Studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The 1992 National Election Study entailed both a pre- and a post-election interview. Approximately half of the study cases are empaneled respondents who were first interviewed in the AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1990: POST-ELECTION SURVEY (ICPSR 9548) and later in the AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY: 1990-1991 PANEL STUDY OF THE POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES OF WAR/1991 PILOT STUDY (ICPSR 9673). The other half of the cases are a freshly drawn cross-section sample. The panel component of the study design provides an opportunity to examine how the changing fortunes of the Bush presidency - from the high levels of approval at the start of the Gulf War to the decline in popularity after the onset of an economic recession - affected voting in the November 1992 presidential election. It also permits analysts to investigate the origins of the Clinton and Perot coalitions as well as changes in the public's political preferences over the two years preceding the 1992 election. The 1990 Post-election Survey used two forms of the data collection instrument, with about 75 percent of the content being the same on both forms. The survey included the standard National Election Studies battery of questions, along with items on presidential performance and the Persian Gulf conflict. Additionally, Form A contained questions relating to values and individualism, while Form B had items about foreign relations. In 1991, panel respondents were re-interviewed several months after the end of hostilities in the Persian Gulf, and in this second wave the survey repeated a subset of questions from the 1990 Post-election Survey, along with additional items especially relevant to the Gulf War. A number of contextual variables are also provided, including summary variables that compare the respondent's recall of his or her senator's and representative's vote on the use of force with that congressperson's actual vote. The content of the 1992 Election Study reflects its dual purpose, as a traditional presidential election year time-series survey and the third wave of a panel study. In addition to the standard or core content items, respondents were asked about their positions on social issues such as altruism, abortion, the death penalty, prayer in schools, the rights of homosexuals, sexual harassment, women's rights, and feminism. Other substantive themes included racial and ethnic stereotypes, opinions on school integration and affirmative action, attitudes toward immigrants (particularly Hispanics and Asians), opinions on immigration policy and bilingual education, assessments of the United States' foreign policy goals, and the United States' involvement in the Persian Gulf War. DS2: Nonresponse Bias Data File was designed to facilitate analyses of the causes and consequences of non-response. Of the 3,690 cases presented in the file, 2,485 are complete or partial interviews, 497 are refusals, 64 are no-contact, 213 are other types of non-interviews, and 431 are non-sample cases (including households without an eligible respondent).
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
ANES 1996 Time Series Study (ICPSR 6896)
Released/updated on: 2016-09-20
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1992-01-01--1996-01-01
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948, designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The 1996 National Election Study contains both a pre- and a post-election component. The pre-election survey includes interviews in which approximately 77 percent of the cases are empaneled respondents who were first interviewed in the ANES 1992 TIME SERIES STUDY (ICPSR 6067) or the ANES 1994 TIME SERIES STUDY (ICPSR 6507), or both. The other 23 percent of the pre-election cases are a freshly drawn cross-section sample. Of the 1,714 citizens interviewed during the pre-election stage, 1,534 (89.5 percent) also participated in the post-election survey: 1,197 of these respondents were panel cases and 337 were cross-section. The content of the 1996 Election Study reflects its dual function, both as a traditional presidential election year time-series data collection and as a panel study. Substantive themes presented in the 1996 questionnaires included interest in political campaigns, evaluations of the political parties, knowledge and evaluation of the presidential and House candidates, political participation (including turnout in the presidential primaries and in the November general election as well as other forms of electoral campaign activity), and vote choices for president, the United States House of Representatives, and the United States Senate. Additional items focus on perceptions of personal and national economic well-being, positions on social welfare issues like the role of government in the provision of jobs and a good standard of living, positions on social issues (including abortion, women's roles, and prayer in the schools), racial and ethnic stereotypes, opinions on affirmative action, attitudes toward immigrants, opinions about the nation's most important problems, political predispositions, social altruism, social networks, feeling thermometers for a wide range of political figures and political groups, affinity with various social groups. The 1996 study also includes new measures related to the dynamics of the congressional campaign, questions regarding the importance of issues, and the respondents' level of certainty regarding their expressed opinions, as well as new items about crime, the environment, gun control and income inequality. An eight-minute module of questions included in the post-election survey was developed by a consortium of electoral scholars from 52 polities to facilitate comparative analysis of political attitudes and voting behavior. Social capital items assess trust in people and government as well as membership and activity in a wide variety of social, political, religious, and civic organizations. A full complement of variables on group membership and participation is also available in the Group Membership File which can be merged with the Main Data File. Detailed demographic information is provided, as well as measures of religious affiliation and religiosity.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
ANES 1998 Time Series Study (ICPSR 2684)
Released/updated on: 2016-03-28
Geographic coverage: United States
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. Substantive themes of the 1998 election study include, among others, knowledge and evaluation of the House candidates and placement of the candidates on various issue dimensions, interest in the political campaigns, attentiveness to the media's coverage of the campaign, media use, evaluation of the mass media, vote choice, partisanship, and evaluations of the political parties and the party system. Additional items focused on political participation, political mobilization, evaluations of the president and Congress, the "Lewinsky affair," egalitarianism, moral traditionalism, political trust, political efficacy, ideology, cultural pluralism, and political knowledge. Respondents were also asked about their attitudes toward a wide range of issues, including social policy, racial policy, military and foreign policy, immigration, foreign imports, prayer in schools, school vouchers, the environment, the death penalty, women's rights, abortion, as well as religion and politics, including new measures of explicitly political and religious orientations. Demographic variables include respondent's age, sex, nationality, marital status, employment status, occupation, and education.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
ANES 2000 Time Series Study (ICPSR 3131)
Released/updated on: 2016-05-10
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2000-09-05--2000-12-18
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of political groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The 2000 National Election Study entailed both a pre-election interview and a post-election re-interview. A freshly drawn cross-section of the electorate was taken to yield 1,807 cases. Because the study includes a carefully designed mode experiment, the data represent two presidential studies in 2000, side by side. The core study preserves the past commitment to probability area sampling and face-to-face interviewing: 1,006 respondents were interviewed prior to the election and 694 were re-interviewed face-to-face after the election. Supporting the core study, random-digit dial sampling and telephone interviewing were used to interview by phone 803 respondents prior to the election and 862 respondents after the election. This experiment allows an examination of the differences between the two modes and provides a preview of what shifting to telephone interviewing will mean for future ANES time-series iterations. The content of the 2000 election study reflects its dual purpose as a traditional presidential election year time-series data collection and as a mode study. Many of the substantive themes included in the 2000 questionnaires are a continuation of past topics. Interest in politics and the election was examined through questions regarding interest in the political campaigns, concern about the outcome, attentiveness to the media's coverage of the campaign, and information about politics. Respondents' knowledge of candidates and the political parties was ascertained through questions evaluating the presidential candidates and their placement on various issue dimensions. Respondents' knowledge of the religious background of the major presidential and vice-presidential candidates, partisanship and evaluations of the political parties, as well as knowledge, and evaluation of the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate candidates was also ascertained. Respondents were asked about their political participation in the November general election and in other forms of electoral campaign activities, their choice for president, their choice for the United States House of Representatives, and the United States Senate, as well as their second choice for president. Respondents were also queried about President Clinton's legacy and their knowledge of former president George Bush Sr. and his administration. Additional items focused on respondents' perceptions of personal and national economic well-being, their positions on social welfare issues (including government health insurance, federal budget priorities, and the role of government in the provision of jobs and a good standard of living), campaign finance and preference for divided government, social issues (including gun control, abortion, women's roles, the rights of homosexuals, the death penalty, school vouchers, environmental policy), racial and ethnic stereotypes, affirmative action, attitudes toward immigrants, and views on the nation's most important problem. Respondents' values and political predispositions (including moral traditionalism, political efficacy, egalitarianism, humanitarianism, individualism, and trust in government), views on fairness in elections, satisfaction with democracy, and the value of voting were also assessed. Other questions addressed social altruism, social connectedness, feeling thermometers on a wide range of political figures and political groups, affinity with various social groups, and detailed demographic information and measures of religious affiliation and religiosity. Several new concepts were also addressed in the 2000 study and include measures of social trust derived from perceptions of the trustworthiness of neighbors and coworkers. Voter turnout was also investigated with expanded response categories to help respondents be more accurate in determining whether they did in fact vote in November 2000. The concept of political knowledge was addressed with new instructions encouraging respondents to take their best guess when answering the political knowledge questions. The 2000 study also incorporated a social network battery, based entirely on the perceptions of survey respondents regarding the characteristics of their identified discussants. Two brief but reliable measures of cognitive style, the need for cognition and the need to evaluate, were also included in this study. Another important feature of the 2000 ANES time-series is the mode experiment, which supplies the ability to compare interviews taken in person with interviews taken over the phone. This carefully designed mode experiment, driven by theoretical and practical interest, allows scholars to test the effects of survey mode on data quality and reliability. The 2000 study incorporates numerous experiments that examine the effects of the chosen mode: 7-point scales and branching, response order, "don't know" filters, and social desirability. Demographic variables include gender, race, employment status, and length of residency in the community.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
ANES 2002 Time Series Study (ICPSR 3740)
Released/updated on: 2016-05-11
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2002-09-18--2002-12-06
This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The American National Election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The 2002 American National Election Study (ANES) is the first midterm year study to include a pre-election interview in addition to the standard post-election interview. It is also the first ANES study conducted entirely by telephone. Since ANES questions are generally designed for face-to-face interviewing, a number of time-series questions were modified to enhance the validity and reliability of data obtained through telephone interviews. Special content for 2002 includes questions on the terrorist attacks of 2001 and the presidential and military responses to the attacks, the election contest of 2000, as well as special modules on economic inequality, specifically gender and racial differences in jobs and income inequality. In a continuation of past topics, respondents were asked about their choice for president, the United States House of Representatives, and the United States Senate. Respondents were also queried about their approval of Bush's handling of the presidency, the economy, and foreign relations. Other questions included feeling thermometers on the United States Congress, the military, the federal government, political figures (George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, Al Gore, Joseph Lieberman, Ralph Nader, Bill Clinton, Colin Powell, John Ashcroft, Jesse Jackson, Laura Bush, and Hillary Clinton), and political constituencies (such as Blacks, Whites, conservatives, liberals, big business, people on welfare, Hispanics, Christian fundamentalists, older people, environmentalists, gay men and lesbians, and the news media). The 2002 ANES also includes questions on social trust, probing whether the respondent thought most people would take advantage of others if they had the chance or if they would try to be fair, and whether people try to be helpful or they are just looking out for themselves. Questions about civic engagement queried whether the respondent had worked with other people to deal with community issues, had communicated with a government official to express views, or had taken part in a protest, march, or demonstration during the past 12 months. In an evaluation of political participation, respondents were asked whether they had registered to vote, voted, tried to influence how others voted, watched the campaign on television, and whether they were contacted by either major party. Public opinion questions dealt with the government's role in securing jobs and a good standard of living for all people, and the degree to which the United States should concern itself with world problems. Respondents were also asked whether they were better or worse off financially than in the previous year and whether they thought the economy had gotten better or worse. Other questions inquired about tax cuts in general and the 2001 tax cuts in particular. Respondents' religious beliefs and participation, pride or shame in being American, and their take on corporate scandals were also assessed. Demographic variables include age, marital status, education level, employment status, household income, racial/ethnic background, religious preference, home ownership, and length of residency in community. DS2: ANES 2002 Time Series Contextual file contains contextual variables for the 2002 National Election Study. Biographical variables for the Democratic and Republican candidates and retiring incumbents include candidate's gender, race, educational background, and committee membership. Data on the incumbent president and party support are also included.
Curated
CBS News Clinton/Ethics Poll, June 1997 (ICPSR 4491)
Released/updated on: 2008-07-02
Geographic coverage: United States
This poll, conducted June 10-11, 1997, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents of this poll were asked to give their opinions of President Bill Clinton, and his handling of the presidency, and other issues such as foreign policy and the economy. A series of questions solicited respondents' opinions about race relations including how respondents felt race relations were in the United States, how respondents felt race relations were in their communities, how they felt race relations would change four years in the future, how important an issue respondents felt race relations were to the future of the United States, and whether they thought race relation issues were within the presidents' control. Other race-related questions addressed whether respondents thought Bill Clinton cared about Black people, respondents' opinion about the degree of progress that has been made with the elimination of racial discrimination, and whether respondents expected to see full equality for Black people in their lifetime. Views were sought on the Paula Jones lawsuit and included questions that addressed whether the lawsuit would interfere with the president's ability to effectively perform his job and the respondents' opinion about the validity of the claims of both President Clinton and Paula Jones. Views were also sought on the death penalty and on the recent conviction of Timothy McVeigh in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombings. Demographic variables include sex, race, age, marital status, household income, education level, type of residential area (e.g. urban or rural), presence of children and teenagers in the household, political party affiliation, voter participation history and registration status, and political philosophy.
Curated
CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll #2, April 2009 (ICPSR 26947)
Released/updated on: 2010-05-06
Geographic coverage: United States
This poll, fielded April 22-26, 2009, is a part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. This poll included an oversample of Blacks, for a total of 212 interviews with Blacks. Respondents were asked for their opinions of President Barack Obama and his handling the presidency and issues such as the economy and foreign policy. Opinions were solicited about the most important problem facing the country, whether the country was moving in the right direction, and the condition of the national economy. Respondents gave their opinions of the United States Congress, First Lady Michelle Obama, Vice President Joe Biden, former Vice President Dick Cheney, and former President George W. Bush. Several questions addressed the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the care received by veterans of these wars, whether the United States should negotiate with members of the Taliban, whether waterboarding was a form of torture, whether it was justified to use aggressive interrogation tactics to get information from suspected terrorists, and whether the military prison in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, should be closed. Views were also sought on whether children were better off if their mother didn't work outside the home, as well as on the difficulty of motherhood today compared to when they were children. Female respondents with children were asked how similar their parenting style was to their mother's and whether they thought their family appreciated them enough. Additional topics addressed race relations in the United States, same-sex marriage, the effects of the recession, international relations with Iran and Cuba, gun control, immigration policy, and the health care system. Information was collected on how many of the respondent's neighbors and co-workers were Black, whether the respondent or a member of their immediate family had served in Iraq or Afghanistan, and whether anyone in the household owned a gun. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, education level, marital status, household income, employment status, perceived social class, political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter registration status and participation history, religious preference, whether they were parents, and whether they considered themselves to be a born-again Christian.
Curated
CBS News Telenoticas Survey, October 1996 (ICPSR 4481)
Released/updated on: 2008-05-29
Geographic coverage: United States
This poll, fielded October 23-27, 1996, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President Bill Clinton and his handling of the presidency and issues such as foreign policy. Several questions asked how much respondents had been paying attention to the presidential campaign, whether they were likely to vote in the election for president, which candidate they would vote for if the presidential and United States House of Representatives elections were being held that day, whether they had favorable opinions of the candidates and trusted them, and who they expected to win. Respondents were asked to rate the condition of the national economy, whether they thought trade with other countries, such as Mexico and Canada, was good for the United States economy, whether they approved of the way Bill Clinton was handling relations with Cuba, Mexico, and Canada, and the importance of these countries to the United States' interests. Several questions asked for respondents' opinions on welfare, including whether most people on welfare were immigrants or belonged to a specific ethnic group, whether respondents approved of a recent law that changed the welfare system, and whether eligibility for welfare should be limited. A series of questions asked respondents whether trade restrictions were necessary, whether they favored the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), whether it should be expanded to other Latin American countries, and how many foreign products respondents had purchased in the past few years. Respondents were asked for their opinions on immigration to the United States, including the effects of immigration on society, whether immigrants should be eligible for entitlements programs and other benefits, and the country of origin of current legal and illegal immigrants. Information was also collected on whether respondents considered themselves part of the conservative Christian movement, and Hispanic respondents were asked about their country of birth and that of their ancestors. Additional topics included abortion, affirmative action, race and gender discrimination in job hiring practices, the trade embargo against Cuba, and whether the government should be more involved in people's lives and do more to solve national problems. Demographic variables include sex, race, age, household income, education level, political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter participation history and registration status, employment status, military service, whether respondents had any children under the age of 18, household union membership, length of time living at current residence, and type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural).
Curated
Detroit Area Study, 1964: The Measurement and Validation of International Attitudes (ICPSR 7403)
Released/updated on: 2011-11-22
Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan
This data collection measures the feelings and attitudes of 558 adults in the Detroit metropolitan area about other nations and what should be done in the world in 1964. Respondents were questioned extensively about their sources of information, the media, their political activities, and their organizational memberships. They were asked about the quality of information they received from the news media, their knowledge of foreign affairs, their feelings about developing nations, the United Nations and its role in aiding political, social, and economic development in developing nations, United States' assistance to developing nations, the admission of communist China to the United Nations, effects of atomic weapons build-up on world peace, the United States' military-industrial complex, and disarmament agreements between the United States and Russia. Respondents were also asked to assess the goals that the United States should have in dealing with other countries, and the domestic sources of influence on United States' foreign policy. Information was also elicited on respondents' political activism, such as demonstrations, petition-signing, support of political action groups, voting behavior, and political party affiliation, and memberships and participation in clubs and organizations. Demographic variables specify age, sex, race, place of birth, nationality, education, marital status, religion, length of residence in the Detroit area, family income, occupation, place and length of military service, and foreign contacts.
Curated
National Election Study, 1947 (ICPSR 7211)
Released/updated on: 2011-06-29
Geographic coverage: United States
This study, conducted November 1-10, 1947, interviewed respondents about their party identification, 1948 voting intentions, issue positions, and major personal problems of the immediate past or anticipated in the near future. The respondents' perceptions of President Harry Truman's stand on specific issues and their own opinions were also assessed. In addition, respondents evaluated Truman's general performance as president and his relationship to certain groups. Open-ended questions tapped satisfaction or dissatisfaction with Truman's policy toward Russia, taxes, cost of living, and European recovery. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, socioeconomic status, education level, occupation, political party preference, labor union affiliation, and type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural).