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Detroit Area Study, 1992: Social Change in Detroit (ICPSR 2880)

Released/updated on: 2015-12-02

Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan

This survey focused on factors that influence social change in the Michigan tri-county area of Oakland, Macomb, and Wayne counties and the changes that have occurred over time with respect to different ethnic groups and women. Respondents' opinions were sought on issues such as job discrimination, including pay and promotion on the basis of race, ethnicity, or gender, factors that influence employers in hiring decisions, such as experience in line of work, formal education, references, looks and appearance, age, race, and gender, possible reasons for Blacks' having worse jobs, income, and housing than Whites, and factors that affect this situation, such as racial discrimination, perceived inferior ability, lack of educational opportunities, and lack of motivation on the part of Blacks. The survey also elicited respondents' views on factors influencing residential segregation, including the lack of affordable housing for African Americans and other ethnic minorities and the lack of Whites' acceptance of these ethnic minority groups in White neighborhoods. Other variables probed respondents' attitudes toward interracial marriage, segregated and desegregated schools, all-Black male and all-Black female public schools, nonviolent and violent means of social change among Blacks, government legislative measures such as the cut in welfare cost, parental approval for under-age abortion, the amount of federal taxes paid, and affirmative action for women and African Americans in job training, education, hiring, and promotion. Also explored were respondents' feelings about the quality of city and neighborhood services, public schools, crime, and the desirability of living in Wayne, Oakland, and Macomb counties and some of the suburbs around Detroit. Additional variables examined respondents' views on comparative wealth and intelligence among ethnic groups such as Asians, Blacks, Hispanics, Arab Americans, and Whites, the degree of discrimination toward Hispanics, Blacks, Asians, and women, and the high degree of self-reliance among immigrant groups and nationalities in the United States as compared to United States minorities such as African Americans. Questions on the respondents' educational background covered the level of education and professional qualifications. Additional information gathered by the survey includes duration of residence in the tri-county area and at the current residence, place of previous residence, employment status, place of employment, mode of transportation to work, income, current debts and assets, job benefits, previous military service, information on family and household members, religious denomination, presidential candidate preference, age, race, ethnicity, skin tone if Black, marital status, and gender.

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Enhanced Services for the Hard-to-Employ Demonstration and Evaluation Project, Philadelphia, PA (ICPSR 33784)

Released/updated on: 2013-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Time period: 2004-01-01--2010-01-01

The Enhanced Services for the Hard-to-Employ (HtE) Demonstration and Evaluation Project was a 10-year study (taken on by the MDRC) that evaluated innovative strategies aimed at improving employment and other outcomes for groups who face serious barriers to employment. The Enhanced Services for the Hard-to-Employ was the first comprehensive attempt to understand the diverse low-income population and to test interventions aimed at the most common barriers to this population's employment. The HtE demonstration was designed to evaluate a variety of innovative ways to boost employment, reduce welfare receipt, and promote well-being in low-income populations. This study tests two employment strategies. The first employment strategy, administered by the Transitional Work Corporation (TWC), was a paid transitional employment program that combined temporary, subsidized employment with work-related assistance. The second employment strategy, the Success Through Employment Preparation (STEP) program, focused on assessing and treating employment barriers before participants obtained a job. From 2004 to 2006, 1,942 recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) who were not currently employed or participating in work activities were randomly assigned to one of the two program groups. Evaluation of the programs had three components: implementation and process analysis, impact analysis, and cost analysis. The implementation and process analysis examined how the programs operated, based primarily on site visits and interviews with program staff and administrators. The impact analysis measured the programs' effects on outcomes including employment, welfare use, and family functioning. The cost analysis compares the financial costs of the interventions. Outcomes for both groups were followed for at least three years, using public administrative records and surveys of study participants. In addition, follow-up surveys were conducted 15 and 36 months after random assignment in most sites. Information was collected on whether respondents participated in employment, vocational or education training activity. Respondents were asked whether they received help for things such as childcare, getting and/or keeping Medicaid and food stamps, paying for transportation, substance abuse treatment, addressing domestic violence, addressing legal issues, financial needs, or handling their household budget. Respondents were also asked if they received paid vacation time or sick days, where their income came from, and whether they earned any type of degree or certificate. Additional topics include health status, the length of time respondents received TANF funds, and employment history. Demographic information includes age, race, marital status, education, employment status, and home ownership status.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Sloan Study of Youth and Social Development, 1992-1997 [United States] (ICPSR 4551)

Released/updated on: 2013-10-22

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1992-01-01--1997-01-01

The Alfred P. Sloan Study of Youth and Social Development was designed to gather a holistic picture of the adolescent experience. To understand how young people form ideas about their future, the study considered not only what adolescents' aspirations are, but also how they may be influenced by family, peer groups, schools, and their communities. Data were collected within adolescents' three major social environments: schools, families, and peer groups. The study gathered information from 12 sites over five years, to examining such research questions as: (1) how young people of various ages and family backgrounds differ in their conceptions of work, (2) what learning opportunities families with different economic circumstances provide for their children with respect to work and careers, and (3) how schools influence educational expectations and career formation. Data were collected from focal students using the experience sampling method (ESM), an in-depth interview, and a battery of questionnaires. The questionnaires included: (1) the Teenage Life Questionnaire, a modification of instruments used in the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS:1988-94), (2) a Friends Sociometric form, which provided detailed information about the respondents' peer groups and social ties, and (3) the Career Orientation Survey (COS), which measures respondents' knowledge about jobs and occupational expectations. Cohort students were also administered the questionnaires but did not participate in the ESM or in-depth interviews. All instruments were administered to focal students in Years 1, 3, and 5. In addition, in Year 2, in-depth interviews alone were administered to focal students. In years 1, 3, and 5, a separate group of cohort students were administered the questionnaires. Parts 1, 2, 6, 7, 11, and 12 consist of the Teenage Life Questionnaire data. Parts 3, 4, 8, 9, 13, and 14 consist of the Career Orientation Survey data. Parts 5, 10, and 15 consist of the Experience Sampling Method data. The in-depth interview component will be released by ICPSR as restricted data at a later time.