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21st Century Americanism: Nationally Representative Survey of the United States Population, 2004 (ICPSR 27601)

Released/updated on: 2015-04-02

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2004-07-12--2004-10-08

The 21st Century Americanism survey was conducted to study (1) the multidimensional nature of American identity ("Americanism"); (2) resentment among Whites toward immigrants, Latinos, and Asians, fueled by perceptions that these groups violate the cherished norms that constitute American identity ("symbolic nativism"); (3) how perceptions of discrimination affect the process of "becoming American" among ethnic minorities ("reactive ethnicity"); and (4) the relationships among these issues and public opinion on policies that address ethnic change. The data collection began in July 2004 and was completed by October 2004. This nationally representative random-digit dial telephone survey has 2,800 respondents and includes oversamples of Blacks, Latinos, and Asians in the United States. It contains questions that allow for the examination of the causes and consequences of two facets of American identity: (1) how people define the normative content of American identity ("identity content"); and (2) the extent to which people think of themselves primarily as American rather than primarily as a member of a pan-ethnic (i.e., Latino or Asian) or national origin group ("identity attachment"). The survey can be used to test hypotheses regarding whether the alleged traditional consensus on what it means to be American is breaking down, or whether people are increasingly rejecting an American identity and instead prioritizing pan-ethnic or national origin identities. It can also be used to examine how these aspects of one's identity affect political attitudes and behaviors, such as trust in government, voting, and one's sense of obligation to the national community. Demographic variables include gender, age, country of origin, United States citizenship status, race, Hispanic origin, and language and educational attainment. Variables focusing on economic characteristics include employment status and household income.

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ANES 1972 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7010)

Released/updated on: 2016-09-20

Geographic coverage: United States

This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. In addition to the core content, this dataset also includes topics like women's liberation, racial attitudes, economic attitudes, payment of federal income tax, feelings about the quality of life, and various cultural attitudes. As a result of findings from previous ANES studies, the general themes of trust in government, alienation, and efficacy were emphasized in an attempt to determine the causes of the observed decrease in public support of the political system. Besides being a stand-alone time series study, this dataset also represents the first wave in a three-wave data collection that continued with the ANES 1974 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7355) and the 1976 ANES Time Series Study (ICPSR 7381). The full panel file of data from these years, the ANES 1972-1976 Merged File (ICPSR 7607), also includes some cases not represented in the time series studies. To maximize the number of questions asked in 1972, two forms of the interview were developed, and each was administered to half of the respondents in both the pre- and the post-election waves. Each half-sample of respondents assigned to a specific questionnaire version also constitutes a cross-national sample, representative of the study population, so that the two sub-samples may be used together, or separately for analysis purposes. The two forms contain approximately 80 percent of the same items, while 20 percent are unique questions. In addition, in the post-election wave, 57 Form I respondents were re-designated Form III, and 37 Form II respondents were re-designated Form IV, because they were interviewed using a mail questionnaire that contained most, but not all, of the questions included in the face-to-face versions of the post-election questionnaire. Demographic variables include sex, age, race and marital status, number of children in household, level of education, occupation and employment status, religious preference.

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California Families Project [Sacramento and Woodland, California] [Restricted-Use Files] (ICPSR 35476)

Released/updated on: 2017-03-08

Geographic coverage: Sacramento, United States, California

Time period: 2006-01-01--2007-01-01

The California Families Project (CFP) is an ongoing longitudinal study of Mexican origin families in Northern California. This study uses community, school, family, and individual characteristics to examine developmental pathways that increase risk for and resilience to drug use in Mexican-origin youth. This study also examines the impact that economic disadvantage and cultural traditions have in Mexican-origin youth. The CFP includes a community-based sample of 674 families and children of Mexican origin living in Northern California, and includes annual assessments of parents and children. Participants with Mexican surnames were drawn at random from school rosters of students during the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 school year. Data collection included multi-method assessments of a broad range of psychological, familial, scholastic, cultural, and neighborhood factors. Initiation of the research at age 10 was designed to assess the focal children before the onset of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug (ATOD) use, thus enabling the evaluation of how hypothesized risk and resilience mechanisms operate to exacerbate early onset during adolescence or help prevent its occurrence. This study includes a diversity of families that represent a wide range of incomes, education, family history, and family structures, including two-parent and single-parent families.

The accompanying data file consists of 674 family cases with each case representing a focal child and at least one parent (Two-parent: n=549, 82 percent; Single-parent: n=125, 18 percent). Of the 3,139 total variables, 839 pertain to the focal child, 1,376 correspond to the mother, and 908 items pertain to the father.

Please note: While the California Families Project is a longitudinal study, only the baseline data are currently available in this data collection.

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Detroit Arab American Study (DAAS), 2003 (ICPSR 4413)

Released/updated on: 2006-10-25

Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan

The Detroit Arab American Study (DAAS), 2003, a companion survey to the 2003 Detroit Area Study (DAS), using a representative sample (DAS, n = 500) drawn from the three-county Detroit metropolitan area and an oversample of Arab Americans (DAAS, n = 1000) from the same region, provides a unique dataset on September 11, 2001, and its impacts on Arab Americans living in the Detroit metropolitan area. The data contain respondent information concerning opinions on their experiences since the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, social trust, confidence in institutions, intercultural relationships, local social capital, attachments to transnational communities, respondent characteristics, and community needs. Examples of the issues addressed in the data include frequency of religious participation, level of political activism, level of interaction with people outside of their cultural, racial, and ethnic groups, and the quality of the social and political institutions in their area. Background information includes birth country, citizenship status, citizenship status of spouse, education, home ownership status, household income, language spoken in the home (if not English), marital status, number of children (under 18) in the household, parents' countries of birth and citizenship status, political affiliation, total number of people living in the household, voter registration status, whether the respondent ever served in the United States Armed Forces, and year of immigration, if not born in the United States.

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Detroit Area Study, 1964: The Measurement and Validation of International Attitudes (ICPSR 7403)

Released/updated on: 2011-11-22

Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan

This data collection measures the feelings and attitudes of 558 adults in the Detroit metropolitan area about other nations and what should be done in the world in 1964. Respondents were questioned extensively about their sources of information, the media, their political activities, and their organizational memberships. They were asked about the quality of information they received from the news media, their knowledge of foreign affairs, their feelings about developing nations, the United Nations and its role in aiding political, social, and economic development in developing nations, United States' assistance to developing nations, the admission of communist China to the United Nations, effects of atomic weapons build-up on world peace, the United States' military-industrial complex, and disarmament agreements between the United States and Russia. Respondents were also asked to assess the goals that the United States should have in dealing with other countries, and the domestic sources of influence on United States' foreign policy. Information was also elicited on respondents' political activism, such as demonstrations, petition-signing, support of political action groups, voting behavior, and political party affiliation, and memberships and participation in clubs and organizations. Demographic variables specify age, sex, race, place of birth, nationality, education, marital status, religion, length of residence in the Detroit area, family income, occupation, place and length of military service, and foreign contacts.

Curated

Detroit Area Study, 1971: Social Problems and Social Change in Detroit (ICPSR 7325)

Released/updated on: 2010-09-30

Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan

The study was conducted during the spring and summer of 1971. The aim of the 1971 Detroit Area Study was to gather information on social change in the Detroit area by replicating items from nine earlier Detroit Area Studies that were conducted in 1953-1959, 1968, and 1969. The criteria used for selecting the question items were that they: (1) not be dated by wording or subject matter, (2) be relevant to some problem of current public concern or a continuing issue of sociological theory, and (3) be of the type that would be manageable in a long interview on diverse subjects. The questions chosen to be included in the 1971 Detroit Area Study examined issues such as values in marriage, ideal number of children, satisfaction of wives with marriage, decision-making and division of labor within a marriage, attitudes toward women and work, child-rearing, social participation, religious participation and beliefs, moral and job values, political orientation and participation, evaluation of various institutions, and racial attitudes. In addition to the items replicated from the previous studies, respondents' attitudes toward the United States sending troops to Vietnam were explored. Background variables established respondents' age, sex, race, educational level, marital status, occupation, class identification, and relationship to head of household. Demographic information was also collected on the respondent's spouse and parents.

Curated

ICPSR Instructional Subset: Justifying Violence: Attitudes of American Men, 1969 (ICPSR 7517)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: United States

This survey of attitudes of 1,374 American men aged 16-64 toward violence was conducted in the summer of 1969 by the Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan. The investigators examined the level of violence that respondents viewed as justified to accomplish social control and social change and also probed the respondents' personal values, their definition of violence, and their identification with groups involved in violence. To examine the degree of violence that American men felt could be justified for social control, the investigators asked respondents to react to situations involving protests and other disturbances. These situations included hoodlum gang disturbances, student protests, and Black protest demonstrations. The respondents were asked what police actions from "letting it go" to "shooting to kill" were appropriate as police control measures. Several such items were combined to form an index of "violence for social control." In questions dealing with the level of violence necessary to bring about social change, respondents were asked if they agreed with the necessity of "protest in which some people will be killed" in order to bring about changes sought by Blacks, by student demonstrators, and in general. These items were combined into an index of "violence for social change." This instructional subset from the original study also includes an initial series of questions that asked whether respondents viewed such actions as protest demonstrations, police frisking, looting, burglary, and draft-card burning as violence. This was followed by inquiries into the possible causes of violence and motives of those who participate in violence. Another set of variables deals with respondents' relative views of property damage and personal injury and their opinions on the use of violence to prevent violence, violence as a teaching tool, forgiveness of one's attacker, and the roles of courts and police agencies in combating crime. The subset concludes with a number of derived indices of violence attitudes that drew upon survey questions to form general patterns. These derived indices include retributive justice, self-defense, humanism, property-person priority, kindness, police-court power, court fairness, social causes, trust, and peer consensus indices. Finally, several summary measures gauge the respondents' general approval of violence for social control and social change purposes. Demographic variables specify education, age, religion, socioeconomic status, and region of the country.

Curated

Japanese-American Research Project (JARP): a Three-Generation Study, 1890-1966 (ICPSR 8450)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1890-01-01--1966-01-01

This data collection is a sociohistorical study of the ways in which three generations (Issei, Nisei, and Sansei) of Japanese American families adapted to social, cultural, educational, occupational, and other institutions of American life. The study examines the experience of the first immigrants to the United States (Issei), and their children (Nisei) and grandchildren (Sansei). Interviews with Issei families stressed the difficulties faced by the immigrants during their early years in the United States, as well as aspects of social and cultural life. Interviews with Nisei included questions on employment, attitudes toward work, income, education, marriage, social relationships, discrimination, and religion. Topics covered in Sansei interviews included birth order, age, marital status, children, social relationships, occupation, industry, income, education, Japanese value systems, marital choices, influence of parents and grandparents, discrimination, religion, political attitudes, and migration.

Curated

Mexican Origin People in the United States: Detroit Pretest, 1978 (ICPSR 8000)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan

This study was conducted for the purpose of developing an appropriate measurement instrument for the Chicano Survey, which would be conducted one year later. Four different questionnaires were administered over a period of three months to 111 people of Mexican descent who agreed to participate in the survey. Due to attrition, subsequent surveys had fewer respondents. The data for all four questionnaires have been combined into a single dataset. Variables provide information on respondents' feelings about Mexican political and cultural history, the extent of their cultural affiliation, their mental health, marriage, and aspirations for themselves and their children.

Curated

Violence Against Women: Developmental Antecedents Among Black, Caucasian, and Hispanic Women in the United States, 1987-1988 and 1992-1994 (ICPSR 3293)

Released/updated on: 2002-05-14

Geographic coverage: United States

The aim of this study was to examine the factors related to different patterns of male violence against women. Employing both intra-individual and sociocultural perspectives, the project focused on the relationship between violence against women and previously established risk factors for intimate partner violence including stressors related to work, economic status, and role transitions (e.g., pregnancy), as well as family power dynamics, status discrepancies, and alcohol use. The following research questions were addressed: (1) To what extent do Caucasian, Black, and Hispanic individuals engage in physical violence with their partners? (2) How are socioeconomic stressors associated with violent relationships among Caucasian, Black, and Hispanic couples? (3) To what extent are changes in patterns of physical violence against women associated with different stages of a relationship (e.g., cohabitation, early marriage, pregnancy, marriage)? (4) To what extent do culturally linked attitudes about family structure (family power dynamics) predict violence among Caucasian, Black, and Hispanic couples? (5) To what extent do family strengths and support systems contribute to the cessation of violence among Caucasian, Black, and Hispanic couples? (6) What is the role of alcohol use in violent relationships among Caucasian, Black, and Hispanic couples? The data used for this project came from the first and second waves of the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) conducted by the Center for Demography and Ecology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison [NATIONAL SURVEY OF FAMILIES AND HOUSEHOLDS: WAVE I, 1987-1988, AND WAVE II, 1992-1994 (ICPSR 6906)]. The NSFH was designed to cover a broad range of family structures, processes, and relationships with a large enough sample to permit subgroup analysis. For the purposes of this study, the analytical sample focused on only those couples who were cohabiting or married at the time of the first wave of the study and still with the same person at the time of the second wave (N=3,584). Since the study design included oversamples of previously understudied groups (i.e., Blacks, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans), racial and ethnic comparisons were possible. In both waves of the NSFH several identical questions were asked regarding marital conflicts. Both married and cohabiting respondents were asked how often they used various tactics including heated arguments and hitting or throwing things at each other to resolve their conflicts. In addition, respondents were asked if any of their arguments became physical, how many of their fights resulted in either the respondent or their partner hitting, shoving, or throwing things, and if any injuries resulted as a consequence of these fights. This data collection consists of the SPSS syntax used to recode variables from the original NSFH dataset. In addition, new variables, including both composite variables (e.g., self-esteem, hostility, depression) and husband and wife versions of the variables (using information from both respondent and partner), were constructed. New variables were grouped into the following categories: demographic, personality, alcohol and drug use, relationship stages, gender role attitudes, division of labor, fairness in household chores, social support, and isolation. Psychological well-being scales were created to measure autonomy, positive relations with others, purpose in life, self-acceptance, environmental mastery, and personal growth. Additional scales were created to measure relationship conflict, sex role gender attitudes, personal mastery, alcohol use, and hostility. The Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were also utilized.