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Substance dependence (SD) is a chronic disease that requires specialty drug and alcohol treatment, primary care (PC), and management of related problems. Although patients with SD may be linked with specialty care and PC, their health care often remains episodic and fragmented, rather than longitudinal, comprehensive, integrated, and coordinated. As a result, adults with SD often enter addiction treatment later and require acute medical care, rather than entering the system earlier when interventions of lower intensity but longer duration might prevent catastrophes. Chronic disease management (CDM) is a collaborative, longitudinal approach to treatment of certain chronic medical illnesses proven to be more effective than routine care. CDM addresses individual patient and health systems barriers to receipt of needed treatment. However, the effectiveness of CDM for SD has not been tested. The objective of this Addiction Health Evaluation and Disease management (AHEAD) study, was to test the effectiveness of CDM for SD in PC.

Subject identification and recruitment occurred primarily at a local detoxification center, as well as by self and physician referral from the Boston Medical Center primary and ambulatory care clinics, emergency department, urgent care center, inpatient settings, and the community. The study enrolled 320 adults with drug dependence and 320 adults with alcohol dependence who were not in SD treatment, and randomized them to a SD CDM program (the AHEAD Clinic) integrated into a real-world PC clinic or to referral to standard PC. All subjects were assessed regarding SD diagnosis, substance use and problems, readiness to change, health-related quality of life, and medical and drug treatment utilization. Subjects were evaluated 3, 6, and 12 months later, and health services utilization data were collected for 2 years from a statewide database. Additionally, in order to better understand and explain the implementation and fidelity of the AHEAD Clinic, the primary care providers (PCPs) of AHEAD Clinic patients were surveyed. Each PCP was presented with a letter from the Principal Investigator explaining the purpose of the survey, the reason why s/he was being asked to complete the survey, compensation for completing the survey, and details about confidentiality and anonymity. The survey itself consisted of questions asking providers about their satisfaction and their attitudes towards caring for patients with alcohol and drug problems, their knowledge of services that the AHEAD Clinic provides, and their experience working with the AHEAD Clinic.

Primary outcomes were illicit drug use, alcohol use, substance-related problems, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations. The proposal's hypothesis was that compared with standard care, a health services delivery intervention (CDM for SD integrated in PC) would decrease alcohol and illicit drug use and related problems, and improve health care utilization patterns. Improved outcomes using the AHEAD approach would support the adoption of a health services delivery strategy, CDM, to better care for patients with SD.

• Dataset 1: 844 variables; 563 cases
• Dataset 2: 607 variables; 500 cases
• Dataset 3: 607 variables; 487 cases
• Dataset 4: 713 variables; 532 cases
• Dataset 5: 80 variables; 549 cases
• Dataset 6: 59 variables; 1,435 cases
• Dataset 7: 25 variables; 87 cases
• Dataset 8: 25 variables; 87 cases
• Dataset 9: 41 variables; 73 cases
• Dataset 10: 9 variables; 11,018 cases
• Dataset 11: 5 variables; 511 cases

The NIDA Genetics Consortium was created in 1999 and has several overarching missions: (1) identify human chromosomal regions containing genes and/or specific genes that confer susceptibility to drug addiction; (2) create a repository for data (i.e., clinical information and biospecimens containing DNA; (3) generate a database on molecular genetics of drug use disorders and related phenotypes to provide controlled access to collaborative studies with the broader scientific community; and (4) establish a consortium of scientists who meet regularly and collaborate on projects.

Along with the description of the NIDA Genetics Consortium, the Web site outlines policies for access and distribution of DNA and clinical data from NIDA-funded studies on the genetics of addiction vulnerability.

Learning theory and previous human and animal research support the hypothesis that a longer period of varenicline treatment prior to the target quit date (TQD) will lead to greater reductions in smoking before quitting, and higher long-term cessation rates, compared to standard varenicline treatment.

Building on promising preliminary clinical data, this study tested these hypotheses with a full-scale randomized clinical trial (RCT). 320 treatment-seeking adults reporting smoking at least 5 cigarettes per day (CPD) were randomized to a standard run-in group (3 weeks of placebo, followed by the standard 1 week of pre-TQD varenicline) or an extended run-in group (4 weeks of pre-TQD varenicline). Both groups received brief individual cessation counseling and 11 weeks of post-TQD varenicline.

The primary outcome consisted of cotinine-verified (at end of treatment [EOT]) self-reported continuous abstinence from smoking (in CPD) during the last 4 weeks of treatment. Secondary outcomes included bioverified self-report of continuous abstinence at the 6-month follow-up and percentage of reduction in self-reported smoking rate during the pre-quit period (week 1 vs week 4). Supplemental measures included repeated assessments of craving, withdrawal, medication adherence, and adverse events.

Adoption of Innovations in Private Alcohol and Drug Treatment Centers is a multi-wave longitudinal study conducted between 2009 and 2013. The study goal was to measure the adoption and implementation of evidence-based treatment practices in treatment centers that received more than 50 percent of their total operational funding from sources that were not guaranteed from year to year. This definition is based on the concept of entrepreneurship, namely the necessity for the treatment organization to respond to changing conditions in the external political and economic environment in order to obtain half or more of its funding. The innovations considered are of three types usually specific to organizations treating substance use disorders:

• medication-assisted treatments
• psychosocial treatments
• managerial practices

This data set consists of one of the multiple "waves" of data collection. The data was collected at four points in time. The baseline data, collected from June 2009 through October 2011 from 327 treatment centers, were obtained through face-to-face onsite interviews ranging from 1 to 4 hours in duration. These interviews were conducted with administrators of the respective treatment centers. In 70 of the 327 treatment centers, an administrator of the overall center and the administrator of clinical operations separately completed administrative and clinical interviews. In the remaining 257 centers, all of the administrative and clinical data were collected from the administrator of the overall center since there was no specialized administrator of clinical operations. The baseline data available here merge the data collected through these two different procedures so that the variables measured are identical for all centers regardless of the procedure.

The collected data include detailed information on Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) and other treatment strategies used by the center to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). In cases where medications were not used by a center questions were asked for reasons why available medications were not used in treatment. Other sections of the interviews covered data on the organizations, their management, and other clinical practices implemented for OUD, AUD, and substance use disorder (SUD).

Three follow-up interviews were conducted via telephone at six month intervals following the previous interview. These follow-up interviews were much shorter compared to the baseline interview. The interviews centered on key changes in the center's operation and on the adoption of key innovations. But a focus of the follow-up interviews still focused on medications provided for treatment.

This collection has not been processed by NACDA or ICPSR, and data are released in the format provided by the principal investigators. Please report any data errors or problems to user support, and we will work with you to resolve any data-related issues.

Hawaii Aging with HIV Cardiovascular Study (HAHCS) enrolled HIV-infected volunteer adults age 40 and over, recruited from the state of Hawaii. A natural history longitudinal study, HAHCS followed a cohort of 150 HIV positive subjects for five years. The study is based on observations that, while HIV-infected individuals now live longer because of the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy, these individuals may be at increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Rates of well-accepted traditional CV risk factors such as diabetes/hyperglycemia, body morphology changes and smoking are high in the HIV population. Furthermore, there is growing concern that HIV per se may also contribute to CV risk.

HAHCS evaluated the cross-sectional and longitudinal impact of oxidative stress and inflammation on the development of subclinical atherosclerosis. Researchers assessed subclinical atherosclerosis functionally by brachial artery flow mediated vasodilatation (FMD) and structurally by intima-media thickness (IMT) as well as coronary artery calcium score obtained by dual source CT. Data include behavioral health indicators, medical history information, and medical test results. Demographic data include age, sex, and race.

The Risk Factors for AIDS among Intravenous Drug Users study is an ongoing series of cross-sectional studies that recruits participants from a storefront research site and from one of New York City's largest detoxification facilities. The goal of the study was to assess the potential effectiveness of HIV interventions by examining participants' drug use, risk behavior, and AIDS prevention knowledge and activities.

The dataset combines survey responses taken from interviews conducted at the Bellevue Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program, the Beth Israel Medical Center and from a high drug use area in Lower East Side of Manhattan. All participants were at least 18 years of age or older. Participants from the Beth Israel Medical Center and the Lower East Side were given face-to-face interviews based on a World Health Organization Multi-Centre questionnaire. Data from the Bellevue Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program were extracted from patients' clinical files. Minimal demographic and HIV risk behavior were included in the methadone patient responses in these data to protect their anonymity. Blood samples were taken from participants to test for HIV.

These data also contain information on topics including participant demographics, alcohol use, drug use, substance abuse treatment, needle sharing habits, sexual behavior, social networks, HIV testing services, as well as mental and physical health. Drugs use explored in this study includes heroin, cocaine, crack, methadone, amphetamines, ice, tranquilizers, barbiturates and other drugs.

There are 2,907 respondents and 906 variables in the dataset.

This collection includes screener data collected as part of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), which is a multi-site longitudinal, epidemiologic study which began in 1994 and was designed to examine the health of women during their middle years. The study examines the physical, biological, psychological, and social changes during this transitional period. The goal of SWAN's research is to help scientists, health care providers, and women learn how mid-life experiences affect health and quality of life during aging. This data includes questions about doctor visits, medical conditions, medications, treatments, medical procedures, relationships, smoking, and menopause related information such as age at pre-, peri- and post-menopause, self-attitudes, feelings, and common physical problems associated with menopause. Also included in the data are background characteristics (age, race, occupation, education, marital status, and family size).

The SWAN study is co-sponsored by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health. The screener dataset contains information from 16,142 women who responded to the SWAN cross-sectional screening interview during the period from 11/1/1995 through 12/1/1997 from the 7 clinical sites participating in the SWAN longitudinal study. The sites include Boston, Massachusetts, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Oakland and Los Angeles, California, Detroit, Michigan, Newark, New Jersey and Chicago, Illinois. SWAN participants represent five racial/ethnic groups and a variety of backgrounds and cultures.

The Risk Factors for AIDS among Intravenous Drug Users study is an ongoing series of cross-sectional studies that recruits participants from a storefront research site and from one of New York City's largest detoxification facilities. The goal of the study was to assess the potential effectiveness of HIV interventions by examining participants' drug use, risk behavior, and AIDS prevention knowledge and activities.

The dataset combines survey responses taken from interviews conducted at the Bellevue Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program, the Beth Israel Medical Center and from a high drug use area in Lower East Side of Manhattan. All participants were at least 18 years of age or older. Participants from the Beth Israel Medical Center and the Lower East Side were given face-to-face interviews based on a World Health Organization Multi-Centre questionnaire. Data from the Bellevue Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program were extracted from patients' clinical files. Minimal demographic and HIV risk behavior were included in the methadone patient responses in these data to protect their anonymity. Blood samples were taken from participants to test for HIV.

These data also contain information on topics including participant demographics, alcohol use, drug use, substance abuse treatment, needle sharing habits, sexual behavior, social networks, HIV testing services, as well as mental and physical health. Drugs use explored in this study includes heroin, cocaine, crack, methadone, amphetamines, ice, tranquilizers, barbiturates and other drugs.

This dataset is public-use. A restricted-use version of the dataset is also available with the associated study number 35078. There are 2,907 respondents and 902 variables in the dataset.

The Seek, Test, Treat and Retain (STTR) Collaboration Project involved over twenty studies in the fields of HIV and drug abuse. These studies were independently developed, but were chosen for the collaboration because they focused on one or more steps of the HIV treatment cascade: Seek, Test, Treat and Retain. These studies were grouped into Criminal Justice-related studies and Vulnerable Population-related studies. The data collected by these studies included twelve common domains (e.g. demographic characteristics, mental health) in each of which a shared questionnaire or instrument was taken up by the studies and adapted to fit the study. This repository contains the collected data and documentation from the STTR collaboration.

This study in particular, assesses outcomes of Oral Naltrexone on HIV Treatment among HIV-1 infected men in Lima, Peru. A randomized blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine if oral naltrexone (NTX) would improve the likelihood that HIV-infected participants with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) remain engaged in care and become highly adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ART), with acceptable safety.

The MIDUS Refresher study Survey (2011-2014 ICPSR 36532) recruited a national probability sample of 3,577 adults, aged 25 to 74, designed to replenish the original MIDUS 1 baseline cohort and paralleling the five decadal age groups of the MIDUS 1 baseline survey (ICPSR 2760). The MIDUS Refresher survey employed the same comprehensive assessments as those assembled on the core longitudinal MIDUS sample, but with additional questions about impacts of the economic recession of 2008-09. The MIDUS Refresher Biomarker study (2012-2016) obtained data from 863 respondents (n=746 Main sample, n=117 African Americans from Milwaukee) who completed the MIDUS Refresher Survey.

The purpose of the Refresher Biomarker Project (Project 4) parallels that of the MIDUS 2 Biomarker project (ICPSR 29282), which collected comprehensive biological assessments on a subsample of MIDUS respondents, thus facilitating analyses that integrate behavioral and psychosocial factors with biological regulation/dysregulation, broadly defined. The aim was to use such data to explicate biopsychosocial pathways that contributed to diverse health outcomes. A further theme was to examine period effects on health (mental and physical) related to the economic recession by comparing the pre-recession MIDUS sample with the post-recession MIDUS Refresher sample. A further objective of the MIDUS Refresher sample was to strengthen cross-project analyses by increasing the sample sizes available for testing hypotheses regarding the interplay of key factors (e.g., socioeconomic status, gender, psychosocial factors, biological factors) in mid- and later-life health.

Biomarker data collection was carried out at hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the autonomic nervous system, the immune system, cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, antioxidants, and three General Clinical Research Centers (at UCLA, University of Wisconsin, and Georgetown University). The biomarkers reflect functioning of the metabolic processes. Our specimens (fasting blood draw, 12-hour urine, saliva) allowed for assessment of multiple indicators within these major systems. The protocol also included assessments by clinicians or trained staff, including vital signs, morphology, functional capacities including 3 dimensional gait analysis, bone densitometry, body composition, ankle brachial index, medication usage, and a physical exam. Project staff obtained indicators of heart-rate variability, beat to beat blood pressure, respiration, and salivary cortisol assessments during an experimental protocol that included both a cognitive and orthostatic challenge. Finally, to augment the self-reported data collected in Survey (Project 1), participants completed a medical history, self-administered questionnaire, and self-reported sleep assessments. For respondents at one site (UW-Madison), objective sleep assessments were also obtained with an Actiwatch(R) activity monitor.

Older adults are increasingly becoming impacted by HIV disease, both as newly infected individuals and as long-term survivors of HIV/AIDS living into older age. HIV-related stigma impacts the quality of life of all persons with HIV/AIDS. However, little is known about HIV-related stigma in older adults because many studies do not include older subjects or ignore age as a variable. This mixed methods study examined the experiences of HIV-related stigma in a sample of 25 older adults with HIV/AIDS from the Pacific Northwest. Quantitative methods measured HIV stigma and depression, while in-depth qualitative interviews captured the lived experiences of these individuals. Stigma was positively and significantly correlated with depression and stigma was found to be significantly higher in African American, as compared to White informants. Qualitative interviews yielded 11 themes that correspond to the four categories constructed in the stigma instrument. Rejection, disclosure concerns, stereotyping, protective silence and feeling "other", were all common experiences of these individuals.

This study is part of the Seek, Test, Treat and Retain (STTR) Collaboration Project that involved over twenty studies in the fields of HIV and drug abuse. All studies were independently developed, but were chosen for the collaboration because they focused on one or more steps of the HIV treatment cascade: Seek, Test, Treat and Retain. As part of STTR Collaboration Project, the studies were grouped into Criminal Justice-related studies and Vulnerable Population-related studies. The data collected by these studies included twelve common domains (e.g., Demographic characteristics, Mental Health) in each of which a shared questionnaire or instrument was taken up by the studies and adapted to fit the study.

This study is divided into BCAP1/2 and BCU (or BCAP3):

BCAP1/2

• Compares Respondent-driven sampling (RDS)and Venue-based sampling (VBS) recruitment in terms of numbers of new diagnosis of HIV+ and examines the effectiveness of peer-driven intervention (PDI) in heterosexuals at high risk (HHR). BCAP2 only includes those who tested HIV+ in BCAP1 who were included in recruitment but not in the main analyses. PDI involving structured intervention sessions including a computerized "CARE for Prevention" tool and HIV pre-test and post-test counseling, the opportunity to educate three peers on core education messages, and navigation for those HIV infected. If HIV-negative: total 3.5 hours of facilitated/computer intervention activities, plus peer education experiences; if HIV-positive: 5 hrs facilitated/computer activities, plus peer education experiences and six months of navigation.

BCU (or BCAP3)

• BCU is a supplement study to BCAP1/2 and tests an anonymous, single-session HIV testing intervention (ASTN) in the same high-risk area (HRA) in Brooklyn as BCAP1/2 and compare to CTTN in two phases: the Seek and Test phase (N=750), and Treat and Retain phase (N=65). The primary endpoint of the Seek and Test intervention phase is the relative yield (proportion of newly identified HIV infections) of the RDS-ASTN intervention. The study assesses the proportion of those newly diagnosed that engages in activities of the Treat and Retain part (i.e., feasibility). The primary endpoints for the Treat and Retain intervention phase are the proportion linked to care within three months (i.e., attending a care appointment and receiving CD4 and viral load tests) and time to the HIV care appointment.1 BCU2 only includes those who tested positive in BCU1 who were included in ST counseling sessions and blood collection but not included in TrR phase.

Drug-Abuse Treatment Outcomes Study (DATOS) is a prospective study designed to determine the outcomes of adult drug abuse treatment delivered in typical, stable, community-based programs and to provide comprehensive information on continuing and new questions about the effectiveness of drug abuse treatment for adults currently available in a variety of publicly funded and private programs. The study examined the role of treatment outcomes and program type, client characteristics (including dependence, treatment history, and physical and mental health comorbidities), treatment received (e.g., length and intensity of services provided), therapeutic approaches, provision of aftercare, and research on the components of effective treatment, including factors that engage and retain clients in programs. Four types of programs were included: outpatient methadone (OPM), short-term inpatient (STI), long-term residential (LTR), and outpatient drug-free (ODF). Respondents were sampled from among adults admitted to drug abuse treatment programs in 11 representative U.S. cities during 1991-1993.

Clients entering treatment completed two comprehensive intake interviews (Intake 1 and Intake 2), approximately one week apart. This information is provided in Parts 1 and 2 of the data collection. These interviews were designed to obtain baseline data on drug use and other behaviors, as well as information on background and demographic characteristics, patterns of dependence, living situation and child custody status, education and training, income and expenditures, and HIV risk behaviors, along with assessments of dependence, mental health, physical health, and social functioning. Data on criminal justice status and criminal behavior are reported in Part 5, Illegal Activities Data, and are drawn from the Intake 1 interview. Data reflecting during-treatment progress, including service delivery and client satisfaction, were collected in the one-, three-, and six-month in-treatment interviews (Parts 3, 4, and 8). The 12-Month Post-Treatment Follow-Up Interview (Part 6) replicated many of the intake questions and focused on key behaviors in the year following treatment. Part 7 includes variables for time in treatment and interview availability indicators. The 12-Month Follow-Up Urine Result data (Part 9) provide the results from urine sample tests that were given to a sample of subjects at the time of the 12-Month Follow-Up Interview. Urine specimens were tested for eight categories of drugs (amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, cocaine metabolite, methaqualone, opiates, and phencyclidine). The drugs covered in the study were alcohol, tobacco, marijuana (hashish, THC), hallucinogens or psychedelics such as LSD, mescaline, and PCP, cocaine (including crack), heroin, narcotics or opiates such as morphine, codeine, Demerol, Dilaudid, and Talwin, downers or depressants such as sedatives, barbiturates, and tranquilizers, amphetamines or other stimulants such as speed or diet pills, and other drugs. Part 10 contains data for 1393 clients who were interviewed 5 years post treatment. This part contains many of the same types of questions asked during previous interviews.

These data were collected to evaluate the effectiveness of CASAWORKS for Families (CWF), a multiservice intervention designed to move substance abusing women on welfare to sobriety and self-sufficiency by addressing their substance abuse, domestic violence, employment, and basic needs. Conducted at 11 sites across the country, the evaluation was designed as a repeated measures, pre-during-post field evaluation with no pre-specified control or comparison groups. The results of this evaluation were primarily intended to guide a proposed second-stage experimental study of the effectiveness of an enhanced and refined CWF model.

When the potential participant presented herself at the CWF site, a research technician administered a specially modified version of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), referred to as the Welfare to Work ASI (WTW-ASI). This version retained the ASI 5th edition as the core instrument but added questions in an addendum. The baseline WTW-ASI measured the severity of problems in nine areas: employment, medical status, alcohol use, drug use, legal status, family and social relationships, children and child care, basic needs, and psychiatric symptoms. In addition, the four-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Parenting Dimensions Inventory (PDI), and the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) were used to assess depression, parenting style, and posttraumatic stress disorder, respectively. The PDI, CES-D, and a follow-up version of WTW-ASI were also administered 6 and 12 months after intake.

Two instruments were used at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postbaseline to record the services provided by CWF: Welfare to Work version of the Treatment Services Review (TSR-WTW) and Case Management Review (CMR). The former mostly collected data on the number of treatment services received, such as doctor visits, therapy sessions, and days of inpatient treatment in the prior 30 days, while the latter collected data on the activities of the case management sessions and topics covered with the case managers. Activities recorded by the CMR included working on self-sufficiency plans, arrangement of follow-up services, skills development, crisis response, and advocating for the client. Topics covered included employment, substance abuse, mental health, domestic violence, parenting and child care, basic needs, life skills, and social support.

In order to compare the characteristics of the CWF clients with the general population of women who received Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), the study also collected WTW-ASI data from women in the general TANF population in the CWF locales regardless of their substance-use status.

The Detroit Neighborhood Health Study (DNHS) is a prospective, representative longitudinal cohort study of predominantly African American adults living in Detroit, Michigan. The main purpose of the study was to determine the predictive effects of ecological stressors, such as income distribution and residential segregation, on the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use, and other psychological and behavioral outcomes. An additional purpose was to study the interrelationships between ecological stressors, exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs), PTSD, substance use, and immune function. The study team hypothesized that exposure to ecological stressors would influence the risk of PTE exposure, PTSD, substance use, other psychological outcomes, and the relationships between these factors.

The current collection includes data from all 5 waves of the study. Cohort participants were initially recruited in 2008 with a dual-frame probability design, using telephone numbers obtained from the U.S. Postal Service Delivery Sequence Files as well as a listed-assisted random-digit-dial frame. Individuals without listed landlines or telephones and individuals with only a cell phone listed were invited to participate through a postal mail effort. Participants completed a 40 minute, structured telephone interview annually between 2008-2012 to assess perceptions of participants' neighborhoods, mental and physical health status, social support, exposure to traumatic events, and alcohol and tobacco use. In addition, the study team completed a structured assessment of Detroit's 54 neighborhoods in order to describe the characteristics of respondents' neighborhoods. The assessment included information about the quality of housing exteriors; presence of graffiti, abandoned cars, alcohol and tobacco advertisements, and security warning signs; presence of vacant buildings; and street and traffic noise levels.

All survey participants were offered the opportunity to provide a blood specimen (venipuncture, blood spot, or saliva) for immune and inflammatory marker testing as well as genetic testing of DNA. Participants received an additional $25USD if they elected to give a sample. Informed consent was obtained at the beginning of each interview and again at specimen collection. However, these specimens are not included as part of this data collection.

For more information about the study, please visit the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study website.

Genotypic data from DNHS are available on the NIH database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP).

The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) funded RADAR in 2014 to collect multilevel, longitudinal data and biospecimens from an ethnically and racially diverse cohort of young, sexual and gender minorities (SGM; e.g., men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender women, gender non-conforming individuals) who were assigned male at birth (AMAB) (current core cohort n=1,113). The primary objective of this study is to apply a multilevel perspective to a syndemic of health issues associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in this population. The multilevel design focuses on individual, dyadic (i.e., sexual and romantic relationships), network (i.e., social, drug, and sexual connections) and biologic factors that may be associated with HIV. The cohort contains both HIV-negative and HIV-positive individuals, which allows for the development of a repository of biospecimens and HIV sequence data from both pre-infection and post-infection visits that will help facilitate future projects evaluating substance use, HIV risk, and pathogenesis.

A multiple cohort, accelerated longitudinal design was utilized by initially enrolling two existing SGM cohorts and then expanded through the use of convenience and snowball sampling methods. Enrollment criteria varied slightly based on the recruitment method, but overall inclusion criteria required participants to be AMAB, between 16 and 29 years of age, report having had sex with a man in the prior year or identify as a SGM, live in the Chicago metropolitan area, and be an English speaker. Study recruitment opened in February 2015. Participants are followed through the developmental period of late adolescence to early adulthood, which is a critical period of initiation and acceleration of sexual behavior and substance use. Study visits occur every six months.

The Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa (HAALSI) study is a population-based survey that aims to examine and characterize a population of older men and women in rural South Africa with respect to health, physical and cognitive function, aging, and well-being, in harmonization with other Health and Retirement Studies.

The baseline survey was conducted among 5,059 men and women aged 40 years or older, who were sampled from within the existing framework of the Agincourt health and socio-demographic surveillance system (AHDSS), in rural Mpumalanga province, South Africa. Survey data were collected on cognitive and physical functioning, social networks, cardiometabolic disease and risk factors, HIV and HIV risk, and economic well-being. The survey also included anthropometric measures and point-of-care blood tests for hemoglobin, glucose and lipids. Dried bloodspots (DBS) were collected at the survey and later tested for HIV, HIV viral load, glucose and CRP. A sub-sample had more extensive laboratory follow-up testing, which will be available in future data releases. A second wave of the survey was administered in 2018 through 2019, and a third wave of the survey was administered in 2021 through 2022.

Demographic information includes age, sex, income, education, marital status, number of children, and employment.

Harvard dataverse hosts an additional restricted-use dataset which compliments this collection, the HAALSI Baseline HIV Biomarker Data; users interested in obtaining these data must request access based on the terms outlined in the data use agreement.

The purpose of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is to obtain information about the amount and distribution of illness, its effects in terms of disability and chronic impairments, and the kinds of health services people receive. Implementation of a redesigned NHIS, consisting of a basic module, a periodic module, and a topical module, began in 1997 (See NATIONAL HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY, 1997 [ICPSR 2954]).

The 2001 NHIS contains the Household, Family, Person, Sample Adult, Sample Child, Child Immunization, and Injury and Poison Episode data files from the basic module. Each record in the Household-Level File (Part 1) contains data on type of living quarters, number of families in the household responding and not responding, and the month and year of the interview for each sampling unit.

The Family-Level File (Part 2) is made up of reconstructed variables from the person-level data of the basic module and includes information on sex, age, race, marital status, Hispanic origin, education, veteran status, family income, family size, major activities, health status, activity limits, and employment status, along with industry and occupation.

As part of the basic module, the Person-Level File (Part 3) provides information on all family members with respect to health status, limitation of daily activities, cognitive impairment, and health conditions. Also included are data on years at current residence, region variables, height, weight, bed days, doctor visits, hospital stays, and health care access and utilization.

A randomly-selected adult in each family was interviewed for the Sample Adult File (Part 4) regarding respiratory conditions, renal conditions, AIDS, joint symptoms, health status, limitation of daily activities, and behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. Also included in this file are variables pertaining to the Healthy People 2010 Objectives.

The Sample Child File (Part 5) provides information from an adult in the household on medical conditions of one child in the household, such as respiratory problems, seizures, allergies, and use of special equipment such as hearing aids, braces, or wheelchairs. Also included are variables regarding child behavior, the use of mental health services, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

The Child Immunization File (Part 6) presents information from shot records and supplies vaccination status, along with the number and dates of shots, and information about the chicken pox vaccine.

Episode-based information regarding injuries and poisonings are found in the Injury and Poison Episode File (Part 7), which examines the cause and date of injury or poisoning, loss of time from work or school, and whether the episode resulted in hospitalization.

Information in the Injury and Poison Verbatim File (Part 8) is comprised of narrative text describing injuries, including type of injury, how the injury occurred, and the body part injured.

The Washington, DC, Metropolitan Area Drug Study (DC*MADS) was conducted in 1991, and included special analyses of homeless and transient delivering live births in the DC hospitals. DC*MADS was undertaken to assess the full extent of the drug problem in one metropolitan area. The study was comprised of 16 separate studies that focused on different sub-groups, many of which are typically not included or are underrepresented in household surveys.

The DC*MADS: Drug Use Among Women Delivering Livebirths in DC Hospitals was designed to examine the nature and extent of drug use among women delivering live births in eight Washington, DC, hospitals participating in the study. Data from the questionnaires include prenatal care, health problems during pregnancy, pregnancy drug use history, needle use, polysubstance use, patterns of use, respondent's general experiences with drug use, including perceptions of the risks and consequences of use, occurrence of psychological and emotional problems, income and insurance coverage, treatment experiences, and maternal and infant outcomes. Medical records were abstracted from the women and their infants to document medical problems. Abstracted data on the mothers included demographics, discharge diagnoses, disposition at discharge, and results of urine screens. Abstracted data on infants included delivery information, status at discharge, discharge diagnoses/procedures, and first urine toxicology screen results.

The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), is a multi-site longitudinal, epidemiologic study designed to examine the health of women during their middle years. The study examines the physical, biological, psychological, and social changes during this transitional period. The goal of SWAN's research is to help scientists, health care providers, and women learn how mid-life experiences affect health and quality of life during aging. The data include questions about doctor visits, medical conditions, medications, treatments, medical procedures, relationships, smoking, and menopause related information such as age at pre-, peri- and post-menopause, self-attitudes, feelings, and common physical problems associated with menopause.

The study is co-sponsored by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health. The study began in 1994. Between 1996 and 1997, 3,302 participants joined SWAN through 7 designated research centers. The research centers are located in the following communities: Detroit, MI; Boston, MA; Chicago, IL; Oakland and Los Angeles, CA; Newark, NJ; and Pittsburgh, PA. SWAN participants represent five racial/ethnic groups and a variety of backgrounds and cultures. This is the next phase of data collection after the original collection of the screening data (ICPSR 4368).

The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) is a multi-site longitudinal, epidemiologic study designed to examine the health of women during their middle years. The study examines the physical, biological, psychological, and social changes during this transitional period. The goal of SWAN's research is to help scientists, health care providers and women learn how mid-life experiences affect health and quality of life during aging. The data include questions about doctor visits, medical conditions, medications, treatments, medical procedures, relationships, smoking, and menopause related information such as age at pre-, peri- and post-menopause, self-attitudes, feelings, and common physical problems associated with menopause.

The study is co-sponsored by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health. The study began in 1994. Between 1997 and 1999, 2,881 of the 3,302 women that joined SWAN were seen for their first follow-up visit. The research centers are located in the following communities: Detroit, MI; Boston, MA; Chicago, IL; Oakland and Los Angeles, CA; Newark, NJ; and Pittsburgh, PA. SWAN participants represent five racial/ethnic groups and a variety of backgrounds and cultures.

The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), is a multi-site longitudinal, epidemiologic study designed to examine the health of women during their middle years. The study examines the physical, biological, psychological, and social changes during this transitional period. The goal of SWAN's research is to help scientists, health care providers, and women learn how mid-life experiences affect health and quality of life during aging. The data include questions about doctor visits, medical conditions, medications, treatments, medical procedures, relationships, smoking, and menopause related information.

The study is co-sponsored by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health. The study began in 1994. Between 1999 and 2001, 2,710 of the 3,302 women that joined SWAN were seen for their third follow-up visit. The research centers are located in the following communities: Detroit, Michigan; Boston, Massachusetts; Chicago, Illinois; Oakland and Los Angeles, California; Newark, New Jersey; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. SWAN participants represent five racial/ethnic groups and a variety of backgrounds and cultures.

The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) is a multi-site longitudinal, epidemiologic study designed to examine the health of women during their middle years. The study examines the physical, biological, psychological, and social changes during this transitional period. The goal of SWAN's research is to help scientists, health care providers and women learn how mid-life experiences affect health and quality of life during aging. The data include questions about doctor visits, medical conditions, medications, treatments, medical procedures, relationships, smoking, and menopause related information such as age at pre-, peri- and post-menopause, self-attitudes, feelings, and common physical problems associated with menopause.

The study is co-sponsored by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health. The study began in 1994. Between 2000 and 2002, 2,679 of the 3,302 women that joined SWAN were seen for their second follow-up visit. The research centers are located in the following communities: Boston, Massachusetts, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Oakland and Los Angeles, California, Detroit, Michigan, Newark, New Jersey and Chicago, Illinois. SWAN participants represent five racial/ethnic groups and a variety of backgrounds and cultures.

The Tsogolo La Thanzi (TLT): Biomarker collection contains data collected as part of the Tsogolo la Thanzi (TLT) Study. TLT is a longitudinal study in Balaka, Malawi designed to examine how young people navigate reproduction in an AIDS epidemic. Tsogolo la Thanzi means "Healthy Futures" in Chichewa, Malawi's most widely spoken language. New data is being collected to develop better understandings of the reproductive goals and behavior of young adults in Malawi -- the first cohort to never have experienced life without AIDS. To understand these patterns of family formation in a rapidly changing setting, TLT used the following approach: an intensive longitudinal design where respondents are interviewed every fourth months at TLT's centralized research center. Data collection began in May of 2009 and was completed in June of 2012. To assess changes on a longer time-horizon, a follow-up survey referred to as Tsologo la Thanzi 2 (TLT-2) was fielded between June and August of 2016.

The biomarker data collection contains the results of HIV testing and pregnancy testing. These data sets include respondents from all waves.

This study is part of the Seek, Test, Treat and Retain (STTR) Collaboration Project that involved over twenty studies in the fields of HIV and drug abuse. All studies were independently developed, but were chosen for the collaboration because they focused on one or more steps of the HIV treatment cascade: Seek, Test, Treat and Retain. As part of STTR Collaboration Project, the studies were grouped into Criminal Justice-related studies and Vulnerable Population-related studies. The data collected by these studies included twelve common domains (e.g., Demographic characteristics, Mental Health) in each of which a shared questionnaire or instrument was taken up by the studies and adapted to fit the study.

The Testing & Linkage to Care 'TLC_IDU' study aimed to integrate STTR elements to the base Government of Kenya (GoK) program, including rapid CD4 cell count testing, ART treatment support using peer case support, and evaluation of community viral load. TLC_IDU addressed a most at-risk population (MARP) by focusing on Nairobi and coastal Mombasa (including Malindi), where most injecting drug users (IDU) in Kenya reside. Data was collected at baseline and at five semi-annual follow-ups.

The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study is a collaboration between the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Center for Tobacco Products (CTP), Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The study was launched in 2011 to inform the FDA's tobacco regulatory activities under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (TCA). For Wave 1 (baseline), the PATH Study sampled over 150,000 mailing addresses across the United States to create a national sample of people who use or do not use tobacco, yielding interviews with 45,971 adult and youth respondents.

45,971 adults and youth constitute the first (baseline) wave, Wave 1, of data collected by this longitudinal cohort study. These 45,971 adults and youth along with 7,207 "shadow youth" (youth ages 9 to 11 sampled at Wave 1) make up the 53,178 participants that constitute the Wave 1 Cohort. Respondents are asked to complete an interview at each follow-up wave. Youth who turn 18 by the current wave of data collection are considered "aged-up adults" and are invited to complete the Adult Interview. Additionally, "shadow youth" are considered "aged-up youth" upon turning 12 years old, when they are asked to complete an interview after parental consent.

At Wave 4, a probability sample of 14,098 adults, youth, and shadow youth ages 10 to 11 was selected from the civilian, noninstitutionalized population at the time of Wave 4. This sample was recruited from residential addresses not selected for Wave 1 in the same sampled PSUs and segments using similar within-household sampling procedures. This "replenishment sample" was combined for estimation and analysis purposes with Wave 4 adult and youth respondents from the Wave 1 Cohort who were in the civilian, noninstitutionalized population at the time of Wave 4. This combined set of Wave 4 participants, 52,731 participants in total, forms the Wave 4 Cohort.

At Wave 7, a probability sample of 14,863 adults, youth, and shadow youth ages 9 to 11 was selected from the civilian, noninstitutionalized population at the time of Wave 7. This sample was recruited from residential addresses not selected for Wave 1 or Wave 4 in the same sampled PSUs and segments using similar within-household sampling procedures. This second replenishment sample was combined for estimation and analysis purposes with Wave 7 adult and youth respondents from the Wave 4 Cohort who were at least age 15 and in the civilian, noninstitutionalized population at the time of Wave 7. This combined set of Wave 7 participants, 46,169 participants in total, forms the Wave 7 Cohort

Please refer to the Restricted-Use Files User Guide that provides further details about children designated as "shadow youth" and the formation of the Wave 1, Wave 4, and Wave 7 Cohorts.

Biospecimen Collection

Each adult respondent, who completed the interview at Wave 1, was asked to provide at least two biospecimens. Providing biospecimens was voluntary and was not a condition of participation. Respondents were asked to report their use of all nicotine-containing products during the 3-day period prior to the time of any biospecimen collection (Nicotine Exposure Questions (NEQs)) to facilitate interpretation of biomarker results.

Of the 32,320 respondents who completed the Adult Interview at Wave 1, 21,801 (67.4 percent) provided a urine specimen and 14,520 (44.9 percent) provided a blood specimen. For the purposes of subsampling adults into the Wave 1 Biomarker Core, adult participants were grouped by tobacco product use at Wave 1 into nine mutually exclusive groups.

A sample of 11,522 adults who provided sufficient urine for the planned analyses were selected from the first six tobacco product use groups (see section 3.1 of the Biomarker Restricted-Use Files User Guide) representing people who never used tobacco, currently use tobacco, and formerly used tobacco (within the last 12 months). This group constitutes the original Wave 1 Biomarker Core. Of the 11,522 adults, 7,159 also provided a blood specimen. All urine and blood specimens provided by the Wave 1 Biomarker Core were sent for laboratory analysis.

Subsequent to this selection, an additional stratified probability sample of adults who completed the Wave 1 Adult Interview and provided a sufficient amount of urine for the planned analyses at Wave 1 (independent of whether they provided a blood specimen) was selected from the remaining three product use groups (see section 3.1 of the Biomarker Restricted-Use Files User Guide). Wave 1 blood and urine specimens from this expansion sample were also sent for laboratory analysis. The original and expansion samples together form the expanded Wave 1 Biomarker Core. The expansion sample did not provide urine specimens for laboratory analysis again until Wave 7.

Each youth who completed the Wave 4 interview was asked to provide a urine specimen. Each Wave 4 shadow youth (ages 10 and 11 at Wave 4) who completed the Wave 5 youth interview was also asked to provide a urine specimen. Providing this urine biospecimen was voluntary and was not a condition of participation.

Of the 14,798 respondents who completed the Youth Interview at Wave 4, 13,097 (88.5 percent) provided a urine specimen. A sample of 3,509 Wave 4 Cohort youth ages 12 to 17 who completed the Wave 4 Youth Interview and provided a sufficient amount of urine for the planned laboratory analyses was selected from a diverse mix of five tobacco product use and non-use groups. In addition, a sample of 528 Wave 4 shadow youth who completed a Wave 5 interview and provided a sufficient amount of urine for the planned laboratory analyses at Wave 5 was also selected. These 4,037 sampled youth and shadow youth constitute the Wave 4 Biomarker Core. All urine specimens provided by the Wave 4 Biomarker Core were sent for laboratory analysis.

As members of the Wave 1 and Wave 4 Biomarker Cores age over time, a new Wave 7 Biomarker Core was designed to provide nationally representative estimates for the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized adult (ages 18 and older) population (CNP) at the time of Wave 7 (2022-2023). To that end, Aat the conclusion of Wave 7, a new biomarker core was selected from Wave 7 Cohort adults who completed an interview and provided a urine specimen at Wave 7. The Wave 7 Biomarker Core sample selection was a two-stage process. Prior to the start of data collection, a subsample of continuing participants expected to be adults at the time of their Wave 7 interview, including some participants who were part of the Wave 1 or Wave 4 Biomarker Cores, was selected and flagged for urine collection; additionally, a subsample of replenishment sample address was selected and flagged so that any Wave 7 Adult Interview respondents living at the selected addresses would be asked to provide a urine specimen. Of the 10,698 Adult Interview respondents from these subsamples, 9,187 (85.9 percent) provided a urine specimen. A sample of 7,750 Wave 7 Cohort adults who completed the Wave 7 Adult Interview and provided a sufficient amount of urine for the planned laboratory analyses was selected from six mutually exclusive and exhaustive tobacco use groups (see section 3.3 of the Biomarker Restricted-Use Files User Guide). All urine specimens provided by the Wave 7 Biomarker Core were sent for laboratory analysis.

Biomarker Restricted Use Files

Wave 1 Restricted-Use Biomarker Data Files (Biomarker RUF) consists of three different types of files for the Wave 1 Biomarker Core:

• 2 Collection and NEQ files for Urine (DS1001) and Blood (DS1101)
• 2 Biomarker Weight files including variables for use in variance estimation for Urine (DS1021) and Blood (DS1121). Both files are updated to include records for the expanded Wave 1 Biomarker Core.
• 8 Urine Panels (DS1031 to DS1038), 4 Serum Panels (DS1131 to DS1134) and 1 Plasma Panel (DS1231) containing biomarker assay results. 6 Urine Panels (DS1032, DS1033, DS1035, DS1036, DS1037, and DS1038) and 2 Serum Panels (DS1131 and DS1132) are updated to include records for the expanded Wave 1 Biomarker Core.

All files updated to include records for the expanded Wave 1 Biomarker Core contain an indicator R01_A_W1BC_TYPE (1 = Original, 2 = Expansion) to identify respondents in the Wave 1 Biomarker Core original and expansion subsamples.

For Wave 2, urine biospecimens were requested from the original Wave 1 Biomarker Core. Respondents were also asked to complete the NEQs prior to biospecimen collection.

The Wave 2 Biomarker RUF consists of three different types of files:

• 1 Collection and NEQ file for Urine (DS2001)
• 2 Biomarker Weight files including variables for use in variance estimation for Urine (DS2021) and F2PG2a (DS2022)
• 8 Urine Panels (DS2031 to DS2038) containing biomarker assay results.

For Wave 3, urine biospecimens were requested from the original Wave 1 Biomarker Core. Respondents were also asked to complete the NEQs prior to biospecimen collection.

The Wave 3 Biomarker RUF consists of three different types of files:

• 1 Collection and NEQ file for Urine (DS3001)
• 4 Biomarker Weight files including variables for use in variance estimation for Urine (DS3021 and DS3022) and F2PG2a (DS3023 and DS3024).
• 7 Urine Panels (DS3032 to DS3038) containing biomarker assay results.

For Wave 4, urine biospecimens were requested from the original Wave 1 Biomarker Core and all youth who completed the Wave 4 interview. Respondents were also asked to complete the NEQs prior to biospecimen collection.

The Wave 4 Biomarker RUF consists of the following files for each Biomarker Core:

Wave 1 Biomarker Core:

• 1 Collection and NEQ file for Urine (DS4001)
• 4 Biomarker Weight files including variables for use in variance estimation for Urine (DS4021 and DS4022) and F2PG2a (DS4023 and DS4024).
• 7 Urine Panels (DS4032, DS4033, DS4034, DS4035, DS4036, DS4037 and DS4038) containing biomarker assay results.

Wave 4 Biomarker Core:

• 1 Collection and NEQ file for Youth Urine (DS4011)
• 1 Biomarker Weight files including variables for use in variance estimation for Urine (DS4043)
• 7 Urine Panels (DS4051, DS4053, DS4054, DS4055, DS4056, DS4057 and DS4058) containing biomarker assay results.

For Wave 5, urine biospecimens were requested from the original Wave 1 Biomarker Core and the Wave 4 Biomarker Core. Respondents were also asked to complete the NEQs prior to biospecimen collection.

The Wave 5 Biomarker RUF consists of the following files for each Biomarker Core:

Wave 1 Biomarker Core:

• 1 Collection and NEQ file for Urine (DS5001)
• 4 Biomarker Weight files including variables for use in variance estimation for Urine (DS5021 and DS5022) and F2PG2a (DS5023 and DS5024)
• 6 Urine Panels (DS5032, DS5033, DS5035, DS5036, DS5037, and DS5038) containing biomarker assay results.

Wave 4 Biomarker Core:

• 1 Collection and NEQ file for Youth Urine (DS5011)
• 1 Collection and NEQ file for Adult Urine (DS5001)
• 1 Biomarker Weight file including variables for use in variance estimation for Urine (DS5042)
• 7 Urine Panels (DS5051, DS5053, DS5054, DS5055, DS5056, DS5057, and DS5058) containing biomarker assay results.

Note that the initial release of 3 Urine Panels and Biomarker weights for the Wave 4 Biomarker Core only included records for those among the 3,509 members who responded in Wave 5 and provided urine specimens in sufficient quantities for laboratory analyses. As of version 20, the Wave 5 biomarker data files and weights include data for all Wave 4 Biomarker Core members who provided urine specimens at Wave 5 in sufficient quantities for laboratory analyses, including the Wave 4 shadow youth who completed their first interviews at Wave 5. This means that records were added to previously released urine panel data files (DS5051, DS5053, and DS5056) and biomarker weights (DS5042) to include data for the Wave 4 shadow youth (N=528) who completed their first interviews at Wave 5. All panels released in version 20 and beyond will include records for the complete Wave 4 Biomarker Core.

Also note that the Collection and NEQ file for Adult Urine (DS5001) includes data for both the Wave 1 Biomarker Core and Wave 4 Biomarker Core.

For Wave 7, urine biospecimens were requested from the Wave 1 Biomarker Core, the Wave 4 Biomarker Core, and those in the subsample eligible for the Wave 7 biomarker Core. Respondents were also asked to complete the NEQs prior to biospecimen collection.

The Wave 7 Biomarker RUF consists of the following files for each Biomarker Core:

Wave 1 Biomarker Core:

• 1 Collection and NEQ file for Urine (DS7001)
• 4 Biomarker Weight files including variables for use in variance estimation for Urine (DS7021 and DS7022) and F2PG2a (DS7023 and DS7024)
• 6 Urine Panels (DS7032, DS7033, DS7035, DS7036, DS7037, and DS7038) containing biomarker assay results.

Wave 4 Biomarker Core:

• 1 Collection and NEQ file for Youth Urine (DS7011)
• 1 Collection and NEQ file for Adult Urine (DS7001)
• 2 Biomarker Weight files including variables for use in variance estimation for Urine (DS7041 and DS7042)
• 6 Urine Panels (DS7051, DS7053, DS7055, DS7056, DS7057, and DS7058) containing biomarker assay results.

Wave 7 Biomarker Core:

• 1 Collection and NEQ file for Urine (DS7001)
• 1 Biomarker Weight file including variables for use in variance estimation for Urine (DS7061)
• 6 Urine Panels (DS7072, DS7073, DS7075, DS7076, DS7077, and DS7078) containing biomarker assay results.

The Collection and NEQ file for Adult Urine (DS7001) includes data for the Wave 1 Biomarker Core, Wave 4 Biomarker Core, and Wave 7 Biomarker Core.

Please refer to the Biomarker Restricted-Use Files User Guide for additional information about the Biomarker Cores.

References to the collection of biospecimens will be specified by the collected specimen, i.e., urine and (whole) blood. However, references to biomarker analyses and analytes will be specified by the type of matrix (serum, plasma, or urine) used for the analysis.

This study is part of the Seek, Test, Treat and Retain (STTR) Collaboration Project that involved over twenty studies in the fields of HIV and drug abuse. All studies were independently developed, but were chosen for the collaboration because they focused on one or more steps of the HIV treatment cascade: Seek, Test, Treat and Retain. As part of STTR Collaboration Project, the studies were grouped into Criminal Justice-related studies and Vulnerable Population-related studies. The data collected by these studies included twelve common domains (e.g., Demographic characteristics, Mental Health) in each of which a shared questionnaire or instrument was taken up by the studies and adapted to fit the study.

Linking Infectious and Narcology Care (LINC) involved coordination between the narcology and HIV systems of care utilizing HIV strengths-based case management delivered via five one-on-one sessions by a peer case manager (i.e., HIV-infected men and women in recovery from addiction) to help motivate and reduce barriers to HIV care. The initial session was designed to be delivered in the narcology hospital and included provision of CD4 test results by the case manager (CM) in a timely fashion, to increase engagement in HIV medical care. Subsequent sessions were conducted upon discharge from the narcology hospital over a 6-month period in community (e.g., parks, coffee shops) or clinic locations, agreed upon by the case manager and participant.

The LINC intervention was developed via adaptation of the Antiretroviral Treatment Access Study (ARTAS) intervention for use in the Russian setting and specifically with people who inject drugs (PWID).