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The database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP) was developed to archive and distribute the results of studies that have investigated the interaction of genotype and phenotype. Such studies include genome-wide association studies, medical sequencing, molecular diagnostic assays, as well as association between genotype and non-clinical traits. The advent of high-throughput, cost-effective methods for genotyping and sequencing has provided powerful tools that allow for the generation of the massive amount of genotypic data required to make these analyses possible.

dbGaP provides two levels of access - open and controlled - in order to allow broad release of non-sensitive data, while providing oversight and investigator accountability for sensitive data sets involving personal health information. Summaries of studies and the contents of measured variables as well as original study document text are generally available to the public, while access to individual-level data including phenotypic data tables and genotypes require varying levels of authorization.

The NIDA Genetics Consortium was created in 1999 and has several overarching missions: (1) identify human chromosomal regions containing genes and/or specific genes that confer susceptibility to drug addiction; (2) create a repository for data (i.e., clinical information and biospecimens containing DNA; (3) generate a database on molecular genetics of drug use disorders and related phenotypes to provide controlled access to collaborative studies with the broader scientific community; and (4) establish a consortium of scientists who meet regularly and collaborate on projects.

Along with the description of the NIDA Genetics Consortium, the Web site outlines policies for access and distribution of DNA and clinical data from NIDA-funded studies on the genetics of addiction vulnerability.