World Mental Health Survey, Portugal, 2008-2009 (ICPSR 39621)

Version Date: Apr 27, 2026

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Principal Investigator(s):
José Miguel Caldas de Almeida, Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health; Miguel Xavier, New University of Lisbon; Graça Maria Pereira Cardoso, Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health; Jordi Alonso, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública

Series:

https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR39621.v1

Version V1

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Summary

The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative was launched as an effort to bring policymaker attention to the disparity between mental health service and demand. A key assumption of WMH was based on the idea that policymakers neglect mental disorder, in part, because much evidence of this disparity was based on expert ratings of comparative illness impact rather than empirical evidence. The World Health Organization (WHO) hoped that policymakers could be motivated to address the problem of unmet treatment needs if evidence of such needs were more concrete and better publicized. The approach taken by WMH is to conduct rigorous general population surveys in nationally representative samples in many countries throughout the world, to generate reputable data from these surveys on the prevalence, severity, course, and treatment of mental disorders. Data were collected using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) which uses both ICD-10 and DSM-III diagnostic criteria. This survey was conducted in Portugal and utilized the Portuguese version of the CIDI.

Citation

Caldas de Almeida, José Miguel, Xavier, Miguel, Cardoso, Graça Maria Pereira, and Alonso, Jordi. World Mental Health Survey, Portugal, 2008-2009. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2026-04-27. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR39621.v1

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Funding

Champalimaud Foundation, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (Portugal), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal. Ministry of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH070884), John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (R13-MH066849), Pfizer Foundation (R01-MH069864), United States. Public Health Service (R01 DA016558), United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. Fogarty International Center (R03-TW006481), Pan American Health Organization, Eli Lilly and Company, Ortho-McNeil, GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company

Subject Terms

Geographic Coverage

Restrictions

This data collection may not be used for any purpose other than statistical reporting and analysis. Use of these data to learn the identity of any person or establishment is prohibited. To protect respondent privacy, the data file in this collection is restricted from general dissemination. To obtain this restricted file, researchers must agree to the terms and conditions of a Restricted Data Use Agreement.

Distributor(s)

Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
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Time Period(s)

2008 -- 2009

Date of Collection

2008-10 -- 2009-12

Data Collection Notes

  1. For additional information on The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative, please visit The World Mental Health Survey Initiative website.

  2. Supporting documentation to distinguish Part I and II of the survey was not included. Users can utilize crosstabs on the weight variables FINALP1WT and FINALP2WT to determine whether variables in Datasets 1 and 2 were derived from Part I or II of the survey:

    • If a participant without valid values for FINALP2WT responded to a variable, that variable is in Part I of the survey.
    • Variables that only have responses from participants with FINALP2WT valid values are in Part II of the survey.

  3. The Restricted-Use Raw Portugal Data were provided without complete variable and value labels, but with a P.I. Questionnaire. This Raw dataset and the corresponding documents are released to provide supplemental information. The Raw dataset is released as Restricted-Use because it contains the original, more granular variables that were used to create the constructed variables in the Public-Use Cleaned Portugal Data and the Restricted-Use Cleaned Portugal Data.

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Study Purpose

The WMH Survey Initiative was designed to fill major gaps in global mental health data. Earlier estimates of the burden of mental and addictive disorders relied largely on literature reviews and isolated studies. WMH surveys provide nationally or regionally representative data to:

  • Estimate the prevalence and distribution of mental, substance use, and behavioral disorders
  • Identify risk and protective factors to inform prevention and intervention strategies
  • Describe patterns of service use, unmet need, and barriers to care
  • Improve estimates of the global burden of disease attributable to mental disorders for public health planning

Study Design

The survey was administered in two parts. Part I was administered to all respondents. Part II was administered to a probability sub-sample of respondents based on responses to the Part I questions. In addition, a probability subsample of other Part I respondents (i.e., those who did not meet criteria for any core disorder) was also selected to complete Part II, while interviews with the remaining non-cases were ended after the completion of the Part I questions.

Sample

3 design stages; (1) Stratification by geographic region; (units- area segment/sectors); (2) Household; (3) Random adult.

Time Method

Cross-sectional

Universe

Usually resident, non-institutionalized Portuguese-speaking population of Continental Portugal aged 18 or above, residing in permanent private dwellings.

Unit(s) of Observation

Individual

Data Type(s)

Mode of Data Collection

Response Rates

The overall response rate for this study was 57.30 percent.

Presence of Common Scales

Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) Version 3.0

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Original Release Date

2026-04-27

Version History

2026-04-27 ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:

  • Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.

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Weight

The final analysis weight (FINALP1WT) for each respondent was computed as the product of three weight components: the selection weight factor for the respondent, the nonresponse weight adjustment factor for the respondent, and the post-stratification factor for the respondent. The final analysis weight (FINALP2WT) for each respondent administered Part II was computed similarly to FINALP1WT for that subsample of respondents. As a practical matter for analysts, the following decision rules should be applied when selecting the weight to use. When using only variables from Part I, the FINALP1WT weight variable should be used. For analyses with only Part II or a combination of Part I and Part II variables, the Part II weight or FINALP2WT should be used.

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Notes