Group-based Integrative Pain Management: A Multi-level Approach to Address Intersectional Stigma and Social Isolation in Diverse Primary Care Safety Net Patients With Chronic Pain, San Francisco, 2023 (ICPSR 39497)

Version Date: Nov 12, 2025

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Principal Investigator(s):
Maria T. Chao, University of California-San Francisco

https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR39497.v1

Version V1

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Summary

Socioeconomically disadvantaged populations have a high prevalence of chronic pain, exacerbated by social isolation, intersectional stigma, and disparities in pain assessment and treatment options. Effective interventions using a multilevel, biopsychosocial approach are needed to decrease the unequal burden of pain. This pilot study tests group-based integrative models of pain management in primary care safety net clinics to improve pain care for racially and ethnically diverse low-income patients.

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of key study design features for a randomized clinical trial of group-based integrative pain management in primary care safety clinics. Parameters of interest are feasibility of randomization and retention of participants, and intervention fidelity and adherence. A secondary objective of the study is to evaluate assessment procedures in preparation for a larger scale 2x2 factorial trial of group acupuncture and integrative group medical visits.

Citation

Chao, Maria T. Group-based Integrative Pain Management: A Multi-level Approach to Address Intersectional Stigma and Social Isolation in Diverse Primary Care Safety Net Patients With Chronic Pain, San Francisco, 2023. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2025-11-12. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR39497.v1

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Funding

United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R61MD018333), United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R61MD018333)

Subject Terms

Geographic Coverage

Restrictions

This data collection may not be used for any purpose other than statistical reporting and analysis. Use of these data to learn the identity of any person or establishment is prohibited. To protect respondent privacy, this data collection is restricted from general dissemination. To obtain this file, researchers must agree to the terms and conditions of a Restricted Data Use Agreement in accordance with existing ICPSR servicing policies.

Distributor(s)

Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
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Time Period(s)

2023-04-28 -- 2023-12-04

Date of Collection

2023-04-28 -- 2023-12-04

Data Collection Notes

  1. The Survey Analysis Data (Dataset 1) contains data for all 44 randomized study participants in a repeated measures (longitudinal) format. There is one record per study time point (baseline and 3 month follow up) per participant. The participant identifier (ID) is a unique number for each participant, created for the purposes of data sharing and does not correspond to the study participant identification numbers used during study operations.

  2. In order to de-identify the data, while there are 44 records in the Demographics Data (Dataset 2) and 44 unique participants in the study, all data columns have been sorted in random order such that data rows contain data from multiple individuals and the data can only be used to create summary statistics on column data (in separate summaries for each variable).

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Study Design

This was a pilot study using a 2x2 factorial randomized clinical trial design. The pilot tested two 12-week group-based models: group acupuncture and integrative group medical visits (IGMV). All participants received usual care and were randomized to group acupuncture, IGMV, both, or waitlist control. Quality and variability of data at baseline and 3-month follow up were assessed for pain-related outcomes. Data includes patient-reported outcomes, qualitative interviews, focus groups, and observations to assess multilevel individual, interpersonal and organizational outcomes.

Sample

Researchers aimed to recruit n=40 English or Spanish-speaking adults with chronic pain for 3 or more months receiving care in San Francisco Department of Public Health primary care clinics. Final enrollment was n=44 randomized participants.

Time Method

Longitudinal: Cohort / Event-based

Universe

English and Spanish speaking patients with chronic pain at primary care safety net clinics in San Francisco, CA

Unit(s) of Observation

Individuals

Data Type(s)

Mode of Data Collection

Response Rates

Of the 91 primary care safety net patients who were confirmed eligible, 44 consented to study participation and were randomized.

Presence of Common Scales

  • Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)
  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2)
  • Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2)
  • Tobacco Alcohol Prescription medications and other Substance (TAPS)

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Original Release Date

2025-11-12

Version History

2025-11-12 ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:

  • Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.

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Notes