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Showing 1 – 35 of 35 results.

Curated

After the JD 2: A Longitudinal Study of Careers in Transition, 2007-2008, United States (ICPSR 33584)

Released/updated on: 2012-08-14

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2007-01-01--2008-01-01

The After the JD (AJD) project is a longitudinal study that is designed to track the careers of a nationally representative cohort of lawyers admitted to the bar in the year 2000. The first wave of the After the JD Study (AJD1) [ICPSR 26302] provided a snapshot of the personal lives and careers of this cohort about three years after they began practicing law. The second wave of the After the JD project (AJD2) seeks to illuminate the progression of lawyers' careers through roughly seven years in practice. The seventh year marks a crucial period in the careers of young lawyers. At the same time that they are facing important career decisions, these young lawyers are experiencing significant personal decisions about marriage and having children. AJD2 sought to locate and survey the entire original sample that was constructed in AJD1, even if a sample member had not been located or surveyed in AJD1. Only those individuals found to be ineligible for the study because they did not meet the required time period for obtaining their law degree and passing the bar were excluded. AJD2 obtained completed surveys of 3,705 eligible respondents, which includes 70.4 percent of the respondents to AJD1 (a group referred to as AJD1 Respondents) and 26.9 percent of those who were not surveyed in wave 1 (a group referred to as AJD1 Nonrespondents). The AJD2 data collection effort was launched in 2007 and completed in early 2008, with an overall response rate of 50.6 percent of eligible participants. As the legal profession has become more diverse in terms of entrants, it is critical to understand how women, men and women of color, individuals from less advantaged economic backgrounds, and other traditionally disadvantaged groups build careers. To examine the experiences of these groups at distinctive stages of their professional lives and to compare their career experiences to those of their peers, investigators were able to collect information about whether respondents' experiences were different from the outset or whether career trajectories diverge over time, what career strategies appear most successful for young lawyers, and whether these strategies vary by gender, race, and class; by legal market; by the selectivity of the law school from which lawyers graduate; or other dimensions. The AJD2 dataset allows for the analysis of a broad range of questions about the careers of lawyers and the social organization of the American legal profession. For example, some of the topics the study examines are: (1) demographic characteristics; (2) job mobility; (3) career satisfaction; (4) convergence/divergence in the career patterns of women and minorities; (5) indications of continuing inequality by gender; (6) family formation and the effects on professional careers; (7) career trajectories. AJD2 aims to provide a solid basis for future efforts to understand the changing character of legal careers. The final phase of the AJD2 data collection ended before the onslaught of the global financial crisis in the fall of 2008. Consequently, the data do not account for the profound effects of these turbulent events. The third wave of the study (AJD3) anticipates investigating these issues and many other similarly important transitions.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

After the JD - Wave 1: A Longitudinal Study of Legal Careers in Transition Data Collection: May 2002-May 2003, United States (ICPSR 26302)

Released/updated on: 2013-08-13

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2002-05-01--2003-05-01

The After the JD project is designed to be a longitudinal study, seeking to follow a sample of approximately 10 percent of all the individuals who became lawyers in the year of 2000. This study aims to track the professional lives of more than 5,000 lawyers during their first 10 years after law school. Wave 1 of the After the JD study was launched in May 2002. The sample includes new lawyers from 18 legal markets -- ranging from the 4 largest markets (New York City, District of Columbia, Chicago, and Los Angeles) to 14 other areas consisting of small metropolitan areas to entire states. Some of the topics that the study seeks to examine are: (1) Demographic characteristics; (2) financing of legal education; (3) law school and the transition to practice; (4) practice settings within which lawyers work; (5) distribution of income across the profession; (6) dimensions of satisfaction; (7) mobility and turnover. Respondents were asked to give information concerning their employment status, job responsibilities, professional skills, job support, job satisfaction, and job discrimination. Information was sought about respondents' workplace characteristics, employment details, areas of practice, clientele, billing hours, job history, judicial clerkships, bar admission, alternate career considerations, and job offers. Opinions were collected about what respondents thought the most important factors were in obtaining a job offer and their first job, in determining which sector to begin their professional career, and in choosing an employer. Further questions asked about political participation and participation in social and community organizations. A number of questions were asked about respondents' undergraduate education, their transition to law school and decision to attend law school, their law school education and activities, their educational financing and debt, and their transition to their legal career. Demographic variables include sex, race, age, marital status, household makeup, personal income, household income, spouses' occupation, political party affiliation, parent's nationality, parent's education, parent's occupation when the respondent was in high school, and whether anyone in the respondent's family was a lawyer.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

After the JD, Wave 3: A Longitudinal Study of Careers in Transition, 2012-2013, United States (ICPSR 35480)

Released/updated on: 2014-11-25

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2012-05-01--2013-01-01

The After the JD (AJD) project is a longitudinal study that was designed to track the careers of a nationally representative cohort of lawyers admitted to the bar in the year 2000. This collection is the third wave of the After the JD Project. The first wave of the After the JD project (AJD1) [ICPSR 26302] provided a snapshot of the personal lives and careers of this cohort about three years after they began practicing law. The second wave of the After the JD project (AJD2) [ICPSR 33584] sought to illuminate the progression of lawyers' careers through roughly seven years in practice. The third wave (AJD3) continued to shed light on lawyers' 12-year professional and personal pathways. After 12 years, the AJD lawyers had a decade of work experience behind them, and the contours of their careers were more clearly shaped. Throughout their professional careers, these lawyers had experienced important transitions (such as promotion to partnership, marriage, and job changes), which were only in process by Wave 2. AJD3 marked a significant milestone, essential to assess the personal and career trajectories of this cohort of lawyers. AJD3 sought to locate and survey only individuals who had previously responded to either AJD1 or AJD2. Sample members who never responded to any survey wave were not located in AJD3. The AJD3 data collection started in May 2012 and was completed in early 2013. The dataset allowed for the analysis of a broad range of questions about the careers of lawyers and the social organization of the American legal profession. Topics covered include current professional employment, impact of economic downturn, type of work, clients, mentors, employment history, social, political, and community participation, and background and family information. Demographics include ethnicity, employment status, sexuality, marital status, age, and gender.

Curated

Alienation: An Organizational Societal Comparison, 1972 (ICPSR 7343)

Released/updated on: 2009-05-12

Geographic coverage: United States

This study collected data from samples of workers drawn in a textile mill, a newspaper, and two commercial printing firms in North Carolina. Three slightly different questionnaires were administered in each organization, questionnaires A (135 respondents) and B (132 respondents) being subsets of the full questionnaire C (122 respondents). The resulting data were organized into one master file from which subsamples according to questionnaire form can be obtained. Variables focused on the respondents' participation in governmental and company decisions and assessed their interest in these areas and feelings of efficacy. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, income, and education.

Curated

Annual Housing Survey, 1976 [United States]: Travel-to-Work [SMSAs] (ICPSR 8136)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: North Carolina, Oklahoma City, Indiana, United States, Oklahoma, Grand Rapids, Louisville, Alabama, Cleveland, Washington, Nebraska, New York City, Omaha, Massachusetts, Colorado, Honolulu, Missouri, Denver, St. Louis, Las Vegas, Buffalo, Nevada, Rhode Island, Allentown, Sacramento, Providence, Seattle, Raleigh, Kentucky, Hawaii, California, New York (state), Birmingham, New Jersey, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Iowa, Baltimore, Illinois, Texas, Maryland, Houston, Indianapolis

This data collection provides travel-to-work data for respondents living in 20 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs). Data cover respondents' means of transportation to and from work -- whether they carpooled, drove alone, took public transportation, or used some other means. Also included is respondents' place of work and time they usually left home for work. The data contained in this collection are from the travel-to-work supplement in ANNUAL HOUSING SURVEY, 1976 [UNITED STATES]: SMSA FILES (ICPSR 7983). The travel-to-work supplement was sponsored by the United States Department of Transportation. The collection consists of 20 data files, one for each SMSA represented.

Curated

Annual Housing Survey, 1977 [United States]: Travel-to-Work [SMSAs] (ICPSR 8322)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: Detroit, Indiana, Santa Ana, Fort Worth, Spokane, Utah, Memphis, Arizona, Pittsburgh, Seattle, Anaheim, Kentucky, California, Kansas, Florida, Pennsylvania, Troy, Garden Grove, Texas, Newark, Virginia, Maryland, Indianapolis, Madison, United States, Tennessee, Louisville, Arkansas, Washington, Albany (New York), Tacoma, Wichita, Minneapolis, Massachusetts, Phoenix, Salt Lake City, Dallas, Saginaw, Wisconsin, District of Columbia, Schenectady, St. Paul, Minnesota, New York (state), New Jersey, Michigan, Orlando, Long Beach, Los Angeles

This data collection provides travel-to-work data for respondents living in 20 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs). Data cover respondents' means of transportation to and from work -- whether they carpooled, drove alone, took public transportation, or used some other means. Also included is respondents' place of work and time they usually left home for work. The data contained in this collection are from the travel-to-work supplement in ANNUAL HOUSING SURVEY, 1977-1978 [UNITED STATES]: SMSA FILES (ICPSR 7980). The travel-to-work supplement was sponsored by the United States Department of Transportation. The collection consists of 20 data files, one for each SMSA represented.

Curated

British Social Attitudes Survey, 2001 (ICPSR 3900)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: Great Britain, United Kingdom, Global

This survey is part of a continuing series designed to monitor trends in a wide range of social attitudes in Great Britain. The British Social Attitudes Survey (BSA) is similar in purpose to the General Social Survey carried out by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) in the United States. The main BSA questionnaire (Part 1) has two parts, one administered by an interviewer and the other completed by the respondent. As in the past, the 2001 interview questionnaire contained a number of "core" questions covering the major topic areas of defense, the economy, labor market participation, and the welfare state. The 2001 self-enumerated questionnaire was devoted to a series of questions on a range of social, economic, political, and moral issues. Topics covered are: (1) political attitudes, (2) public spending and welfare, (3) health care, (4) health and safety in the workplace, (5) national identity, (6) education, (7) drugs, and (8) transport. An international initiative funded by the Nuffield Foundation, the International Social Survey Program (ISSP), also contributed a module to the BSA. The topic of the ISSP module in this collection was social networks. Additional demographic data gathered included age, gender, education, occupation, household income, marital status, social class, and religious and political affiliations. The 2001 survey also produced a second data file containing information on socio-economic classifications. With the 2001 census, National Statistics changed their coding scheme of occupations from SOC90 to SOC2000. In order to assess how consistent the new coding scheme was with the old one, one third of the 2001 BSA sample (version C) was coded using both the SOC90 and the SOC2000 schemes. Part 2 of this collection contains the variables from this experiment.

Curated

Census of Population and Housing, 2000 [United States]: County-to-County Worker Flow Files (ICPSR 13405)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: North Carolina, Indiana, Wyoming, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Kentucky, California, Kansas, Florida, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Mississippi, Iowa, Illinois, Texas, Connecticut, Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, Idaho, Oregon, Vermont, United States, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Maine, Alabama, Arkansas, Washington, South Carolina, Nebraska, West Virginia, Massachusetts, Colorado, Missouri, Alaska, North Dakota, Wisconsin, Nevada, District of Columbia, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Hawaii, Minnesota, New York (state), New Jersey, Michigan, New Mexico, New Hampshire, Louisiana, Ohio

These files were compiled from Census 2000 responses to the long-form (sample) questions about where people worked. The files present data at the county level for residents of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The residence file shows the number of people who live in a county and the work destinations for the people who live in each county. The work file shows the origins of the people who work in each county.

Curated

Census of Population and Housing, 2000 [United States]: Minor Civil Division/County-to-Minor Civil Division/County Worker Flow Files (ICPSR 13572)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: North Carolina, Indiana, Wyoming, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Kentucky, California, Kansas, Florida, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Mississippi, Iowa, Illinois, Texas, Connecticut, Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, Idaho, Oregon, Vermont, Puerto Rico, United States, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Maine, Alabama, Arkansas, Washington, South Carolina, Nebraska, West Virginia, Massachusetts, Colorado, Missouri, Alaska, North Dakota, Wisconsin, Nevada, District of Columbia, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Hawaii, Minnesota, New York (state), New Jersey, Michigan, New Mexico, New Hampshire, Louisiana, Ohio

These files were compiled from Census 2000 responses to the long-form (sample) questions about where people worked. The files present data at the county subdivision or minor civil division (MCD) level for residents of 12 states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin. The MCDs in these states serve as general-purpose local governments and perfrom many governmental functions. For the other 38 states and the District of Columbia data are presented at the county level. Data are also provided for Puerto Rico, where the county equivalent is the municipio.

Curated

Detroit Area Study, 1972: A Comparative Study on Personnel Practices in Private Firms (ICPSR 7905)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan

This study of 132 adults in managerial, personnel, and supervisory positions in private firms in the Detroit metropolitan area in 1972 provides information on affirmative action in the workplace, as well as company products, type and structure, management style, and profitability. Data are provided on respondents' firms' product lines and services, labor force, assets, profit margins and revenues, salaries and wages, stocks, use of computer technology, supervisors' duties and roles, pension plans, recruitment methods, unions, rates of promotion, dress codes, and work processes. Other items explored respondents' attitudes toward government's efforts to eliminate employment-based racial discrimination, and white collar and blue collar jobs. Demographic variables specify sex, race, education, income, religion, political party affiliation, length of residence in the Detroit area, and length of time in current job and position.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Extending Bystander Intervention Prevention Models from College Campuses to the Workplace, United States, 2022 (ICPSR 38659)

Released/updated on: 2023-10-12

Geographic coverage: United States

In this exploratory study, the research team examined factors such as power dynamics and social identity that affect a bystander's (individuals who directly or indirectly witness harassment, discrimination, or another form of violence happening to someone else) decision to intervene in events of harassment and discrimination at their workplace. The specific objectives of this study were to: (1) Understand the environment in which workplace harassment and discrimination occurs by analyzing the frequencies of individual events by type and location; (2) Assess contextual variables influencing bystander decisions through analyses of bystander interpretations of the event of harassment/discrimination and motivations for inaction/action; and (3) Contextualize bystander responses by understanding how the workplace environment and the bystander's assessment of power and identities of those involved interplay. The project used a survey design with quantitative data collected from employed adults in the United States (n=1,484) via Qualtrics online survey.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Generations of Talent Study (ICPSR 35034)

Released/updated on: 2014-05-08

Geographic coverage: Netherlands, United States, Japan, Botswana, China (Peoples Republic), Brazil, United Kingdom, South Africa, Mexico, Global, India, Spain

The Generations of Talent Study sought to examine several dimensions of quality of employment as experienced by today's multigenerational workforces. The primary goal was to explore how country-related factors and age-related factors affect employees' perceptions of quality of employment. Information was gathered from employees working in 11 different countries including the United States, United Kingdom, China, India, Spain, Brazil, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, South Africa, and Botswana. The industry sectors included technology, pharmaceuticals, consulting, energy, and finance. Demographic variables included gender, birth year, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, number of children, hourly wage, salary, and household income.

Curated

High School and Beyond, 1980: A Longitudinal Survey of Students in the United States (ICPSR 7896)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

This data collection contains information from the first wave of High School and Beyond (HSB), a longitudinal study of American youth conducted by the National Opinion Research Center on behalf of the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Data were collected from 58,270 high school students (28,240 seniors and 30,030 sophomores) and 1,015 secondary schools in the spring of 1980. Many items overlap with the NCES's NATIONAL LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF THE CLASS OF 1972 (ICPSR 8085). The HSB study's data are contained in eight files. Part 1 (School Data) contains data from questionnaires completed by high school principals about various school attributes and programs. Part 2 (Student Data) contains data from surveys administered to students. Included are questionnaire responses on family and religious background, perceptions of self and others, personal values, extracurricular activities, type of high school program, and educational expectations and aspirations. Also supplied are scores on a battery of cognitive tests including vocabulary, reading, mathematics, science, writing, civics, spatial orientation, and visualization. To gather the data in Part 3 (Parent Data), a subsample of the seniors and sophomores surveyed in HSB was drawn, and questionnaires were administered to one parent of each of 3,367 sophomores and of 3,197 seniors. The questionnaires contain a number of items in common with the student questionnaires, and there are a number of items in common between the parent-of-sophomore and the parent-of-senior questionnaires. This is a revised file from the one originally released in Autumn 1981, and it includes 22 new analytically constructed variables imputed by NCES from the original survey data gathered from parents. The new data are concerned primarily with the areas of family income, liabilities, and assets. Other data in the file concentrate on financing of post-secondary education, including numerous parent opinions and projections concerning the educational future of the student, anticipated financial aid, student's plans after high school, expected ages for student's marriage and childbearing, estimated costs of post-secondary education, and government financial aid policies. Also supplied are data on family size, value of property and other assets, home financing, family income and debts, and the age, sex, marital, and employment status of parents, plus current income and expenses for the student. Part 4 (Language Data) provides information on each student who reported some non-English language experience, with data on past and current exposure to and use of languages. In Parts 5-6, there are responses from 14,103 teachers about 18,291 senior and sophomore students from 616 schools. Students were evaluated by an average of four different teachers who had the opportunity to express knowledge or opinions of HSB students whom they had taught during the 1979-1980 school year. Part 5 (Teacher Comment Data: Seniors) contains 67,053 records, and Part 6 (Teacher Comment Data: Sophomores) contains 76,560 records. Questions were asked regarding the teacher's opinions of their student's likelihood of attending college, popularity, and physical or emotional handicaps affecting school work. The sophomore file also contains questions on teacher characteristics, e.g., sex, ethnic origin, subjects taught, and time devoted to maintaining order. The data in Part 7 (Twins and Siblings Data) are from students in the HSB sample identified as twins, triplets, or other siblings. Of the 1,348 families included, 524 had twins or triplets only, 810 contained non-twin siblings only, and the remaining 14 contained both types of siblings. Finally, Part 8 (Friends Data) contained the first-, second-, and third-choice friends listed by each of the students in Part 2, along with identifying information allowing links between friendship pairs.

Curated

Interdisciplinary National Study Investigating Genetics and Health Testing at Work (INSIGHT@Work): Employer Perspectives, United States, 2020-2025 (ICPSR 39645)

Released/updated on: 2026-03-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2020-01-01--2025-01-01

This research was supported by a grant from the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health (R01HG010679). This project was conducted as part of the multi-aim R01 and led by Charles Lee and J. Scott Roberts. The project explores stakeholders' perspectives on key characteristics for implementation of workplace genetic testing (wGT).

The project had three specific aims and a supplementary aim:

Aim 1: Examine employers' perspectives through a landscape analysis to ascertain the prevalence and distribution of wGT among US companies
Aim 2: Investigate employees' views and perceptions of the benefits, risks, and limitations of wGT through (a) a national survey of working adults and (b) a survey of individuals working at a large US healthcare system who were offered wGT by their employer
Aim 3: Conduct a modified Delphi process with multiple surveys and a deliberative workshop among key stakeholders and distill the finding of Aims 1 and 2 to inform a normative assessment of wGT.
Supplement: Examine genetic counselors' perspectives on and experiences with wGT using semi-structured interviews and a national survey

This study, led by Co-Investigators Debra Mathews and Kayte Spector-Bagdady, examined Aim 1 and the employer perspectives towards workplace genetic testing.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Interdisciplinary National Study Investigating Genetics and Health Testing at Work (INSIGHT@Work): Genetic Counselor Perspectives, United States, 2020-2025 (ICPSR 39648)

Released/updated on: 2026-04-16

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2020-01-01--2025-01-01

The project had three specific aims and a supplementary aim:

Aim 1: Examine employers' perspectives through a landscape analysis to ascertain the prevalence and distribution of wGT among US companies
Aim 2: Investigate employees' views and perceptions of the benefits, risks, and limitations of wGT through (a) a national survey of working adults and (b) a survey of individuals working at a large US healthcare system who were offered wGT by their employer
Aim 3: Conduct a modified Delphi process with multiple surveys and a deliberative workshop among key stakeholders and distill the finding of Aims 1 and 2 to inform a normative assessment of wGT.
Supplement: Examine genetic counselors' perspectives on and experiences with wGT using semi-structured interviews and a national survey

This study, led by Wendy Uhlmann, examined the supplementary aim.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Interdisciplinary National Study Investigating Genetics and Health Testing at Work (INSIGHT@Work): Modified Delphi Process, United States, 2020-2025 (ICPSR 39647)

Released/updated on: 2026-04-09

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2020-01-01--2025-01-01

The project had three specific aims and a supplementary aim:

Aim 1: Examine employers' perspectives through a landscape analysis to ascertain the prevalence and distribution of wGT among US companies
Aim 2: Investigate employees' views and perceptions of the benefits, risks, and limitations of wGT through (a) a national survey of working adults and (b) a survey of individuals working at a large US healthcare system who were offered wGT by their employer
Aim 3: Conduct a modified Delphi process with multiple surveys and a deliberative workshop among key stakeholders and distill the finding of Aims 1 and 2 to inform a normative assessment of wGT.
Supplement: Examine genetic counselors' perspectives on and experiences with wGT using semi-structured interviews and a national survey

This study, led by Co-Investigators Greg Feero and Anya E.R. Prince, examined Aim 3.

Curated

Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), 2001 (ICPSR 4213)

Released/updated on: 2007-03-30

Geographic coverage: Japan, Global

This survey was designed to solicit political, sociological, and economic information from people living in Japan. Respondents were queried on crime and the judicial system, and more specifically, on issues such as the death penalty, juvenile punishment, and whether respondents were victims of various crimes within the last year. Questions on family issues covered topics such as divorce, the health of respondents' marriages, the roles of each spouse, and issues involving children. Questions on finances included the state of respondents' finances during the last few years and compared to other Japanese families both past and present, whether the income tax rate was high, and the ease of improving one's standard of living in Japan. Political questions addressed government spending, the responsibility of the government, and whether respondents would vote for a woman gubernatorial candidate. Also, respondents were asked to rate their political views on a scale from Conservative (1) to Progressive (5). In terms of health, questions were asked on the health of respondents and their spouses, the topic of euthanasia, donation cards, and the frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption. Quality of life questions addressed the frequency with which respondents read the newspaper, watched television, the amount of satisfaction respondents received from life, and how often respondents participated in leisure activities like fishing, jogging, mahjong, etc. Respondents were asked to give their opinions concerning extra-marital affairs, sexual relations between two adults of the same sex, pornography and prostitution. Information gathered on religion included the extent of their participation in a particular religion, whether respondents believed in life after death and views on burial. Respondents were polled for information regarding their social status and whether respondents were members of any groups including religious, trade, or social service organizations. Demographic information included age, sex, employment status, marital status, household income, and religious orientation.

Curated

Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), 2002 (ICPSR 4214)

Released/updated on: 2007-03-30

Geographic coverage: Japan, Global

This survey was designed to solicit political, sociological, and economic information from people living in Japan. Respondents were queried on crime and the judicial system, and more specifically, on issues such as the death penalty, juvenile punishment, and whether respondents were victims of various crimes within the last year. Questions on family issues covered topics such as divorce, the health of respondents' marriages, the roles of each spouse, and issues involving children. Questions on finances included the state of respondents' finances during the last few years and compared to other Japanese families both past and present, whether the income tax rate was high, and the ease of improving one's standard of living in Japan. Political questions addressed government spending, the responsibility of the government, and whether respondents would vote for a female gubernatorial candidate. Also, respondents were asked to rate their political views on a scale from conservative (1) to progressive (5). In terms of health, questions were asked on the health of respondents and their spouses, the topic of euthanasia, donation cards, and the frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption. Quality of life questions addressed the frequency with which respondents read the newspaper and watched television, the amount of satisfaction respondents received from life, and how often respondents participated in leisure activities like fishing, jogging, and mahjong. Respondents were asked to give their opinions concerning extra-marital affairs, sexual relations between two adults of the same sex, pornography, and prostitution. Information gathered on religion included the extent of their participation in a particular religion, whether respondents believed in life after death, and views on burial. Respondents were polled for information regarding their social status and whether respondents were members of any groups including religious, trade, or social service organizations. Demographic information included age, sex, employment status, marital status, household income, and religious orientation.

Curated

Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), 2003 (ICPSR 4242)

Released/updated on: 2005-09-30

Geographic coverage: Japan, Global

This survey was designed to solicit political, sociological, and economic information from people living in Japan. Respondents were queried on crime and the judicial system, and more specifically, on issues such as the death penalty, juvenile punishment, and whether respondents were victims of various crimes within the last year. Questions on family issues covered topics such as divorce, the health of respondents' marriages, the roles of each spouse, and issues involving children. Questions on finances included the state of respondents' finances during the last few years and compared to other Japanese families both past and present, whether the income tax rate was high, and the ease of improving one's standard of living in Japan. Political questions addressed government spending, the responsibility of the government, and whether respondents would vote for a female gubernatorial candidate. Also, respondents were asked to rate their political views on a scale from conservative (1) to progressive (5). In terms of health, questions were asked on the health of respondents and their spouses, the topic of euthanasia, organ donation cards, and the frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption. Quality of life questions addressed the frequency with which respondents read the newspaper and watched television, the amount of satisfaction respondents received from life, and how often respondents participated in leisure activities like fishing, jogging, and mahjong. Respondents were asked to give their opinions concerning extra-marital affairs, sexual relations between two adults of the same sex, pornography, and prostitution. Information gathered on religion included the extent of their participation in a particular religion, whether respondents believed in life after death, and views on burial. Respondents were polled for information regarding their social status and whether respondents were members of any groups including religious, trade, or social service organizations. Respondents were also asked about the frequency of use of the English language. Demographic information includes age, sex, employment status, marital status, household income, and religious orientation.

Curated

Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), 2005 (ICPSR 4703)

Released/updated on: 2007-08-13

Geographic coverage: Japan, Global

This survey was designed to solicit political, sociological, and economic information from people living in Japan. The data were collected between August 25 and November 23, 2005, using face-to-face interviews and self-administered questionnaires. Respondents were asked to give employment information for themselves and their spouses, including industry, size of employer, number of hours worked, level of job satisfaction, and time spent commuting. Respondents were also queried regarding employment information and education level of their parents when the respondent was aged 15. Several questions were asked about household composition, the type of residence, the state of respondents' finances during the last few years and compared to other Japanese families both past and present, sources of financial support, the ease of improving one's standard of living in Japan, and the use of credit cards and consumer financing. Views were also sought on divorce, the roles of each spouse, issues involving children, the responsibility of the government, and taxation issues. In terms of health, questions were asked regarding the physical and mental health of respondents and their household members, the frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption, and their views on genetically modified foods. Quality of life questions addressed the amount of satisfaction respondents received from life, and how often they participated in sports, leisure, and volunteer activities. Additional topics covered were euthanasia, the use of technology, juvenile delinquency, car ownership and usage, their level of trust in various institutions, and whether respondents belonged to religious, trade, or social service organizations. Demographic variables include age, sex, education level, employment status, occupation, labor union membership, marital status, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), household income, perceived social status, political orientation, political party affiliation, and religious affiliation.

Curated

Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), 2006 (ICPSR 25181)

Released/updated on: 2010-05-06

Geographic coverage: Japan, Global

This survey was designed to solicit political, sociological, and economic information from people living in Japan. The data were collected between October 3 and November 3, 2006, using face-to-face interviews and self-administered questionnaires. Respondents were asked to give employment information for themselves and their spouses, including industry, size of employer, number of hours worked, level of job satisfaction, and time spent commuting. Respondents were also queried regarding employment information and education level of their parents when the respondent was aged 15. Several questions were asked about household composition, the type of residence, the state of respondents' finances during the last few years and compared to other Japanese families both past and present, sources of financial support, the ease of improving one's standard of living in Japan, and the use of credit cards and consumer financing. Views were also sought on divorce, the roles of each spouse, issues involving children, the responsibility of the government, and taxation issues. In terms of health, questions were asked regarding the physical and mental health of respondents and their household members, the frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption, and their views on genetically modified foods. Quality of life questions addressed the amount of satisfaction respondents received from life, and how often they participated in sports, leisure, and volunteer activities. Additional topics covered were euthanasia, the use of technology, juvenile delinquency, car ownership and usage, their level of trust in various institutions, and whether respondents belonged to religious, trade, or social service organizations. Demographic variables include age, sex, education level, employment status, occupation, labor union membership, marital status, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), household income, perceived social status, political orientation, political party affiliation, and religious affiliation.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), 2008 (ICPSR 30661)

Released/updated on: 2015-07-21

Geographic coverage: Asia, Japan, Global

The Japanese General Social Surveys (JGSS) Project is a Japanese version of the General Social Survey (GSS) project closely replicating the original GSS of the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago. It provides data for analyses of Japanese society, attitudes and behaviors which make international comparisons possible. The objectives of the JGSS project are three-fold: (1) to collect and build cumulative data on general social surveys in Japan in a regular and consistent manner, thus enabling a time-series analysis; (2) to provide data for secondary analyses to researchers and university students in various social science fields; and (3) to provide data in a format useful for international comparative studies, research, and reports.

Curated

Japanese General Social Surveys (JGSS) Cumulative Data, 2000-2003 (ICPSR 4472)

Released/updated on: 2008-12-08

Geographic coverage: Asia, Japan, Global

This collection is the combination of surveys designed to solicit political, sociological, and economic information from people living in Japan from 2000 to 2003. The individual Japanese General Social Surveys covered by this collection are ICPSR 3593 (2000), ICPSR 4213 (2001), ICPSR 4214 (2002), and ICPSR 4242 (2003). Respondents were queried on crime and the judicial system, and more specifically, on issues such as the death penalty, juvenile punishment, and whether respondents were victims of various crimes within the last year. Questions on family issues covered topics such as divorce, the health of respondents' marriages, the roles of each spouse, and issues involving children. Questions on finances included the state of respondents' finances during the last few years and compared to other Japanese families both past and present, whether the income tax rate was high, and the ease of improving one's standard of living in Japan. Political questions addressed government spending, the responsibility of the government, and whether respondents would vote for a female gubernatorial candidate. Also, respondents were asked to rate their political views on a scale from conservative (1) to progressive (5). In terms of health, questions were asked on the health of respondents and their spouses, the topic of euthanasia, donation cards, and the frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption. Quality of life questions addressed the frequency with which respondents read the newspaper and watched television, the amount of satisfaction respondents received from life, and how often respondents participated in leisure activities like fishing, jogging, and mahjong. Respondents were asked to give their opinions concerning extra-marital affairs, sexual relations between two adults of the same sex, pornography, and prostitution. Information gathered on religion included the extent of their participation in a particular religion, whether respondents believed in life after death, and views on burial. Respondents were polled for information regarding their social status and whether respondents were members of any groups including religious, trade, or social service organizations. Demographic information included age, sex, employment status, marital status, household income, and religious orientation.

Curated

National Organizations Survey (NOS), 2002 (ICPSR 4074)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: United States

The National Organizations Survey (NOS) is a survey of business organizations across the United States in which the unit of analysis is the actual workplace. The study was conducted for the National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and the Commonwealth Fund, to learn about the employment policies, benefits, and structures of organizations throughout the country, particularly the effects on business performance and worker productivity of rising workplace stress levels, rising health insurance costs or lack of health insurance, and the extent of mental health benefits and service offerings within organizations.

Curated

National Public Radio/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation/Harvard School of Public Health Poll: Workplace and Health, United States, 2016 (ICPSR 38386)

Released/updated on: 2022-03-10

Geographic coverage: United States

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data.

This collection includes variable-level metadata of the 2016 poll Workplace and Health, a survey from National Public Radio/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation/Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health conducted by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS). Topics covered in this survey include:

Employment status
Hours worked in a week
Work locations
Workplace and health
Benefits available to workers
Paid vacation days
Paid sick days
Job satisfaction
Physical health and safety conditions at workplace
Violence at workplace
Stress experienced at work
Working outside of regular work hours
Working from home
Working when caring for a sick family member
Paid leave to care for family member
Support for health in the workplace
Personal health in the workplace
Smoke-free work environment
Workplace wellness programs
Method of payment
Job security
Personal finances
Health insurance coverage
Political party preference

The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31099576]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 188 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.

Curated

Quality of Employment Survey, 1972-1973 (ICPSR 3510)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1972-01-01--1973-01-01

This study contains data on the working conditions of 1,455 workers aged 16 and older who were working for pay for 20 or more hours per week in the United States in the period 1972-1973. This survey is the second undertaken by the investigators to provide an overview of working conditions in the American labor force. The aims of this survey and many of the questions that were asked were comparable to those of the related collection, SURVEY OF WORKING CONDITIONS, 1969-1970 (ICPSR 3507). Among the major aims of this survey were: (1) assessment of the frequency and severity of work-related problems experienced by employed people in general and by major demographic and occupational subgroups, (2) identification of major demographic or occupational groups that were most affected by these problems, (3) development of valid measures of job satisfaction suitable for use with samples of workers in heterogenous occupations and under a variety of conditions, (4) assessment of the impact of working conditions upon the well-being of workers, especially their physical and mental well-being, and (5) establishment of normative statistics that might permit other investigators to compare their data from more limited subsamples of workers with national norms. The major measures used in both surveys were the frequency and severity of labor standards problems, the quality of employment indicators that were shown to be predictors of job satisfaction, the job satisfaction indices themselves, and the ratings of important job facets. Respondents were asked questions about many facets of their job situations and other areas of their lives that might be affected by their jobs in order to assess the impact of work on them. Questions included job tension, security, physical health, job satisfaction, and financial well-being. A series of questions regarding job expectations were also asked. Additional questions probed respondents' feelings about their relationship with their supervisors and their overall contentment with their jobs and with life in general. This survey differs from the earlier survey in the greater emphasis that was placed on questions related to respondents' physical health, drinking habits, and career development. The structured interview schedule contained both closed and open-ended questions. Many of the open-ended questions were directed at estimating the frequency and type of labor standards problems, such as those with unions, discrimination, physical working conditions, wages, and work schedules. Demographic variables provide information on age, sex, race, education, and income.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Southeast Florida Regional Travel Characteristics Study (Travel 2000) (ICPSR 34701)

Released/updated on: 2013-10-10

Geographic coverage: United States, Florida

Time period: 1998-12-01--1999-09-30

The Southeast Florida Regional Travel Characteristics Study (Travel 2000) was intended to document how Southeastern Florida residents use the streets, highways, and transit services in the region. Respondents were asked to record their travel and activities for a 24-hour period. They were also asked for detailed information regarding their trips, including mode of transportation, trip purpose, departure and arrival times, and number of passengers. Demographic variables include gender, age, employment status, household size, number of children in the household, whether household members were students on their given travel day, household income, and whether respondents had a valid drivers license at the time of the survey.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

States as Employers-of-Choice Survey, 2008-2009 (ICPSR 34890)

Released/updated on: 2014-01-17

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2008-05-12--2008-09-30, 2009-09-17--2009-12-01

The States as Employer-of-Choice was designed to examine the shifting age demographics of the workforces in state governments and help state agencies respond to the changing multigenerational workforce, with data collected from 222 state agencies in 27 states. Two surveys were conducted at two time periods: (1) before the resources and technical assistance were offered to the administrators of state agencies in 2008 (Time 1), and (2) after the completion of the technical assistance program in 2009 (Time 2). The surveys queried respondents about descriptive information on their workplace, the current workforce of the agency, factors outside of the agency that might affect workforce strategy, the perceived culture of the agency, and policies and benefits programs available to employees. Information was gathered from Human Resources managers in public sector state agencies to gauge their understanding of the following: (a) changes in the age demographics of their workforces, (b) steps they have taken to assess how these changes might impact their agencies, and (c) employer-sponsored resources (policies, programs, and benefits) that might help them to recruit, engage, and retain a multi-generational workforce, including older workers. As part of the Time 2 survey, questions on agency response to the economic downturn and assessments of the intervention were included. Demographic information includes the agency's budget, number of employees, average salary, percent of full and part-time workers. The respondent's background information includes their current position in the agency and the number of years with the agency.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Stress in America, United States, 2007-2024 (ICPSR 37288)

Released/updated on: 2026-06-16

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2007-01-01--2018-01-01, 2019-01-01--2024-01-01

Since 2007, the American Psychological Association (APA) has commissioned an annual nationwide survey as part of its Mind/Body Health campaign to examine the state of stress across the country and understand its impact. The Stress in America survey measures attitudes and perceptions of stress among the general public and identifies leading sources of stress, common behaviors used to manage stress and the impact of stress on our lives. The results of the survey draw attention to the serious physical and emotional implications of stress and the inextricable link between the mind and body.

From 2007 to 2024, the research has documented this connection among the general public as well as various sub-segments of the public. Each year, the Stress in America surveys aims to uncover different aspects of the stress/health connection via focusing on a particular topic and/or subgroup of the population. Below is a list of the focus of each of the Stress in America surveys.

2007-2018 Cumulative Dataset
2007 General Population
2008 Gender and Stress
2009 Parent Perceptions of Children's Stress
2010 Health Impact of Stress on Children and Families
2011 Our Health Risk
2012 Missing the Health Care Connection
2013 Are Teens Adopting Adults' Stress Habits
2014 Paying With Our Health
2015 The Impact of Discrimination
2016 Coping with Change, Part 1
2016 Coping with Change, Part 2: Technology and Social Media
2017 The State of Our Nation
2018 Stress and Generation Z
2019-2024 Cumulative Dataset
2019 Stress and Current Events
2020 COVID Tracker Wave 1
2020 COVID Tracker Wave 2
2020 COVID Tracker Wave 3
2020 A National Mental Health Crisis
2021 Pandemic Anniversary Survey
2021 Stress and Decision-Making During the Pandemic
2022 Pandemic Anniversary Survey
2022 Concerned for the Future, Beset by Inflation
2023 A Nation Recovering From Collective Trauma
2024 A Nation in Political Turmoil

Curated

Survey of Consumer Attitudes and Behavior, Fall 1953: Human Relations (ICPSR 3635)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: United States

This study comprises the Human Relations Program Study of Attitudes Toward Work survey. It provides information on the attitudes of employed men and women and housewives toward work, including the meaning and value of work in the workplace, at home, and in voluntary activities outside the home. The survey is one of two surveys carried out at the same time in the fall of 1953 (see also SURVEY OF CONSUMER ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR, FALL 1953: PURCHASE DECISIONS [ICPSR 3634]). Many questions were common to both and some questions were exclusive to each. In this survey, data are provided on how respondents valued work and hard work, the level of their satisfaction with their work, their expectations of promotion at work, job and pay satisfaction, and motivations for working, including housework for women. Data are also provided on respondents' evaluations of self-defined non-work activities, alternative roles, marriage and family, and male spouse's job. Demographic variables provide information on age, sex, race, marital status, education, family income, and religion.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Survey of State Attorneys General, United States, 2014 (ICPSR 37949)

Released/updated on: 2021-05-24

Geographic coverage: United States

The 2014 Survey of State Attorneys General (SAG) collected information on jurisdiction, sources and circumstances of case referrals, and the participation of attorneys general offices in federal or state white-collar crime task forces in 2014. White-collar crime was defined by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) as: "any violation of law committed through non-violent means, involving lies, omissions, deceit, misrepresentation, or violation of a position of trust, by an individual or organization for personal or organizational benefit." SAG sought to analyze how attorneys general offices as an organization in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories respond to white-collar offenses in their jurisdiction.

BJS asked respondents to focus on the following criminal and civil offenses: bank fraud, consumer fraud, insurance fraud, medical fraud, securities fraud, tax fraud, environmental offenses, false claims and statements, illegal payments to governmental officials (giving or receiving), unfair trade practices, and workplace-related offenses (e.g., unsafe working conditions). Variables included whether or not offices handled criminal or civil cases in the above categories, estimated number of cases in each category, and what types of criminal or civil sanctions were imposed on white-collar offenders. Researchers also assessed collaboration with partners outside of state attorneys offices, whether cases were referred for federal or local prosecution, and what circumstances lead to referring cases to state regulatory agencies. The extent to which state attorneys offices maintain white-collar crime data was also recorded.

Curated

Survey of Working Conditions, 1969-1970 (ICPSR 3507)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1969-11-01--1970-01-01

This study contains data on the working conditions of 1,533 workers in the United States in the period 1969-1970. Among the major aims of this survey were: (1) assessment of the frequency and severity of work-related problems experienced by employed people in general and by major demographic and occupational subgroups, (2) development of valid measures of job satisfaction suitable for use with samples of workers in heterogenous occupations and under a variety of conditions, (3) assessment of the impact of working conditions upon the well-being of workers, (4) establishment of baseline statistics that might permit subsequent national surveys in order to reveal any trends in the content areas originally investigated, and 5) establishment of normative statistics that might permit other investigators to compare their data from more limited sub-samples of workers with national norms. Respondents were asked questions about many facets of their job situations and other areas of their lives that might be affected by their jobs. They were also asked a series of questions regarding their job expectations and if these expectations were met at their actual jobs. Additional questions probed respondents feelings about their relationship with their supervisors and their overall contentment with their jobs and with life in general. Also explored were areas such as workload, job tension, work difficulties, and age, race, and sex discrimination. The structured interview schedule contained both closed and open-ended questions. Many of the open-ended questions were directed at estimating the frequency and type of labor standards problems, such as those with unions, discrimination, physical working conditions, wages, and work schedules. Demographic variables provide information on age, sex, race, education, and income.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Swedish Adoption/Twin Study on Aging (SATSA), 1984, 1987, 1990, 1993, 2004, 2007, and 2010 (ICPSR 3843)

Released/updated on: 2015-05-13

Geographic coverage: Sweden, Global

Time period: 1984-01-01--2010-01-01

The Swedish Adoption/Twin Study on Aging (SATSA) was designed to study the origins of individual differences in aging and the environmental and genetic factors that are involved. SATSA began in 1984, and six additional waves were conducted in 1987, 1990, 1993, 2004, 2007, and 2010. The questionnaire was initially sent to all twins from the Swedish Twin Registry who were separated at an early age and raised apart; the survey was also administered to a control sample of twins who were raised together. The respondents were surveyed on items that included health status, how they were raised, work environment, alcohol consumption, and dietary and smoking habits, as well as questions about personality and attitudes; this information comprised the first component. The second component was collected from a subsample composed of 150 pairs of twins raised apart and 150 pairs of twins raised together. This subsample participated in seven waves of in-person testing, which included a health examination, structured interviews, and tests on functional capacity, cognitive abilities, and memory. The data are represented according to questionnaire and time number, and correspond to each wave/year: Questionnaire 1 and In-Person Testing Time 1 were in 1984; Questionnaire 2 and In-Person Testing Time 2 were in 1987; Questionnaire 3 and In-Person Testing Time 3 were in 1990; Questionnaire 4 and In-Person Testing Time 4 were in 1993; Questionnaire 5 was in 2003; In-Person Testing Time 5 was in 2004; Questionnaire 6 and In-Person Testing Time 6 were in 2007; In-Person Testing Time 7 was in 2010. The Administrative and Cognitive datasets include data from all years/waves. The Smell Survey dataset only includes data from 1990. No years were specified for the Contact measures and Separation measures datasets. Demographic and background information includes age, sex, education, family history, household composition and employment.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Work, Family, and Health Study (WFHS) (ICPSR 36158)

Released/updated on: 2018-10-03

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2009-09-01--2012-12-01

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) formed the Work, Family and Health Network (WFHN) as a transdisciplinary research effort designed to enhance understanding of the impact of workplace practices and policies on work, family life, and health outcomes. The Work, Family and Health Network also seeks to illuminate the processes through which such practices and policies are adopted by employers and implemented by managers and employees. The Work, Family, and Health Study (WFHS) was conducted via group-randomized field experiments, one at each of two employers representing different industries. The information technology division of a Fortune 500 company (pseudonym: Tomo) had 26 total sites made up of 56 study groups with 7-60 employees each. Within the extended-care company (pseudonym: Leef), 30 work sites of 30-89 employees each were randomly assigned to intervention or usual practice (UP) conditions. All employee and manager participants were assessed at baseline and at 6-, 12-, and 18-months post baseline. Opinions were elicited from employees and managers regarding the amount of hours they work, balance between work and family, opportunities to work from home, the ability to take vacation and time off when desired, and decision-making authority at work. Responses were also gathered on issues such as talking with a manager about conflicts outside of work, willingness to help other coworkers when they have been absent, workplace safety, and obligations to come into work when sick. Information was also collected on the likelihood of respondents quitting the company, whether respondents were looking for work elsewhere, job performance ratings of self and others, opinions about supervisors, and a series of questions relating to psychological distress and well-being.

Curated

Workplace Ethnography (WE) Project, 1944-2002 (ICPSR 3979)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: Colombia, Hungary, United States, Japan, Philippines, China (Peoples Republic), Scotland, Zambia, Global, India, Canada, Sweden, Great Britain, Norway, Taiwan, South Africa, Israel, Australia, France

Time period: 1944-01-01--2002-01-01

This Workplace Ethnography project generated content-coded data from the full population of book-length English language organizational ethnographies. Drawn from Australia, Canada, China, Colombia, France, Great Britain, Hungary, India, Israel, Japan, Norway, the Philippines, Scotland, South Africa, Sweden, Taiwan, United States, and Zambia, these ethnographies provided deep descriptions on a wide range of topics, such as worker behavior, management behavior, coworker relations, labor process, conflict and resistance, citizenship behavior, emotional labor, and sexual harassment. Coding of these characteristics yielded variables based on descriptions of worklife in specific organizational settings. The study data was collected in mainly two periods: the early 1990s and the early 2000s. The study generated 204 ethnographic cases. These cases were derived from 156 separate books since the observations reported in some books allowed the coding of multiple cases. The general scope of questions included organizational factors such as occupation, workplace organization, pay scheme, employment size, the situation of the company, the nature of company ownership, staff turnover, layoff frequency, how well the organization operated in terms of communications, recruitment and retention of personnel, and maintenance of equipment, as well as substantive facts concerning labor market opportunity, and labor force composition. On the topic of management, questions addressed leadership, organization of production, sexual harassment, and control strategies. Community factors were assessed through questions regarding unemployment and if the area was rural or urban. A series of questions addressed job satisfaction, pay, benefit package, job security, effort bargain, conflict with management/supervisors, training, worker strategies, conditions of consent/compliance, and nature of consent/compliance. The nature of work was queried through questions regarding autonomy, creativity, meaningful work, freedom of movement, comfort of work, injuries, employment status, and frequency of conflict with customers. Additional questions included size and nature of the focal group, group dynamics, conflict between the focal group and management, basis of alternative social groups at work, and if work friendships carried over to the outside. Questions about methodology covered ethnographer's theoretical orientation, focus of ethnography, ethnographer's gender, data collection method, supplemental data used, main type of supplemental data used, and position of key informant. Additional items gathered basic information about book title, author's last name, modal occupation, industry, country/region, and observer's role.