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Curated
Restricted

Effects of a Women's Mentoring Workshop on Career Outcomes in Political Science, United States, 2018-2025 (ICPSR 39704)

Released/updated on: 2026-05-07
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2018-01-01--2025-12-31
Mentoring programs are assumed to benefit women's advancement in professional settings, including political science. However, causal evidence is scarce. The research team conducted a randomized evaluation of American Political Science Association's (APSA) flagship women's mentoring program for PhDs. The program consists of a workshop followed by periodic small group meetings. The research team randomized applicants to the program or a control group. The researchers administered surveys pretreatment, immediately after the workshop, and 2-7 years after, and collected CV and publications data at each wave. The program was positively rated by participants, and reported an increase in sense of belonging in the profession at year 2, but otherwise had null effects.
Self-published

Insuring women’s work: Exploring the rationale for women's enrollment in early twentieth-century Swedish health insurance societies (ICPSR 234043)

Released/updated on: 2025-06-24
Geographic coverage: Sweden
Time period: 1910-01-01--1914-12-31
The common narrative about historical health insurance societies emphasizes that they compensated the male breadwinner’s lost income. This fails to explain the relatively high and increasing share of female members, including unpaid domestic workers, in Swedish health insurance societies during the early twentieth century. To amend this lack of explanation, this paper investigates the rationale for women’s enrollment in health insurance societies in early twentieth-century Sweden. It explores the impact of factors relating to the labor market and health insurance supply, and the impact of members’ individual characteristics. Additionally, the study analyzes how femalespecific morbidity and pregnancy-related illness, alongside the incapacity to perform domestic chores, influenced women’s decisions to acquire health insurance. Findings indicate clear regional differences and two mechanisms of enrollment, applying to primarily unmarried gainfully employed women and primarily married unpaid domestic workers, respectively. Hence, health insurance compensated for lost wage incomes for some and protected the general loss of work capacity for most. Swedish health insurance societies appear to have recognized the necessity of women’s paid and unpaid work, and particularly the introduction of maternity insurance met demands for covering the costs associated with the inability of women to work both in the labor market and domestically. 
Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Survey of Consumer Attitudes and Behavior, Fall 1973 (ICPSR 7525)

Released/updated on: 2022-09-13
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1973-01-01--1973-12-31

The Survey of Consumer Attitudes and Behavior series (also known as the Surveys of Consumers) was undertaken to measure changes in consumer attitudes and expectations, to understand why such changes occur, and to evaluate how they relate to consumer decisions to save, borrow, or make discretionary purchases. The data regularly include the Index of Consumer Sentiment, the Index of Current Economic Conditions, and the Index of Consumer Expectations.

This survey was undertaken to assess consumer sentiment and buying plans, as well as to provide information on their savings and investment habits and perceptions of government. Open-ended questions were asked concerning evaluations and expectations about personal finances, employment, recession, price changes, and the national business situation. Additional variables probe respondents' buying intentions for a house, automobiles, appliances, and other consumer durables, and respondents' appraisals of present market conditions for purchasing houses and other durables. Other variables probe respondents' assessments of their financial status relative to the previous year, their views of the government in Washington, the need for governmental changes, military spending, government support for Black people, and their satisfaction with their income and their jobs, as well as their opinion of married women working outside the home, women's liberation, and penalties for marijuana use. Information is also provided on respondents' political party identification, time spent with their children, savings accounts, contributions to charitable organizations, and car ownership and plans to buy a new one. Demographic variables provide information on respondents' age, sex, race, ethnic group, marital status, education, occupation, employment status, and family income.

Self-published

Demographic Shocks and Women’s Labor Market Participation: Evidence from the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in India (ICPSR 173561)

Released/updated on: 2022-06-26
Geographic coverage: India
Time period: 1901-01-01--1931-12-31
How did the 1918 influenza pandemic affect female labor force participation in India over the short run and the medium run? We use an event-study approach at the district level and four waves of decadal census data in order to answer this question. We find that districts most adversely affected by influenza mortality saw a temporary increase in female labor force participation in 1921, an increase that was concentrated in the service sector. We find suggestive evidence that distress labor supply by widows and rising wages help account for this result.
Curated
Restricted

Stereotype Threat and Women's Work Satisfaction: The Importance of Role Models, 72 Countries (ICPSR 37189)

Released/updated on: 2018-11-05
Geographic coverage: Global
This research examines the psychological benefits of different sources of workplace social support in a global sample of professional women leaders (N = 1,221). We explored whether and in what way(s) social support from different workplace sources (role models, formal and informal mentors/sponsors, supportive supervisors, and peer support) predicts women's experience of stereotype threat - or concerns about confirming gender stereotypes - and subsequently their work satisfaction. We did this using cross-sectional data from a survey of international graduate business school alumnae who represented 72 countries, were mostly from Generation X (63.4% aged 35-54), reported directly to General Management or had more senior roles (64.1%) and described their work responsibilities as regional or global (66.4%). Workplace role models emerge as the only statistically reliable predictor of work satisfaction indirectly through reduced stereotype threat concerns. However, role models, informal (but not formal) mentors/sponsors, supportive supervisors, and peer support all directly predict women's work satisfaction. Implications of the benefits of workplace social support for efforts to reduce work-related gender inequities are discussed.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Korean General Social Survey (KGSS), 2003 (ICPSR 34655)

Released/updated on: 2015-06-16
Geographic coverage: South Korea, Asia, Global
Time period: 2003-06-01--2003-08-31
The Korean General Social Survey (KGSS) is the South Korean version of the General Social Survey (GSS), closely replicating the original GSS of the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago. Each round of the KGSS typically includes the topical module surveys of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), and/or the East Asian Social Survey (EASS), an international survey network of four GSS-type surveys from countries in East Asia (including China, Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea). Respondents were asked for their opinions on Korean society, economic issues, government performance, international relations, business, women and family matters, immigration, and social inequality. Additional questions were asked about everyday life, household and family composition, and media use. Demographic information includes age, sex, education level, household income, employment status, religious preference, political party affiliation, and political philosophy.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Euro-Barometer 8: Men, Women and Work Roles in Europe, November 1977 (ICPSR 7604)

Released/updated on: 2015-05-13
Geographic coverage: Netherlands, Great Britain, Belgium, Europe, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany, Global
Time period: 1977-10-01--1977-11-30
This round of Euro-Barometer surveys queried respondents on standard Euro-Barometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, what their country's goals should be for the next ten years, and how they viewed the need for societal change. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the European Community (EC), including how well-informed they felt about the EC, what sources of information about the EC they used, whether their country had benefited from being an EC member, and the extent of their personal interest in EC matters. Another major focus of the surveys was men's and women's work roles in Europe. A number of questions were asked about satisfaction with work and feelings about retirement. The satisfaction of housewives with their work and their possible desire for work outside the home was also explored. Other questions probed the respondents' feelings about men helping with housework and the role of women as active participants in politics. Another major focus of the surveys was attitudes toward the forthcoming European Parliamentary elections. Demographic information for each respondent includes education, occupation, organizational memberships and activities, marital status, age, and sex, as well as occupation of head of household, and composition of household. In addition to the survey itself, the ICPSR version of the study contains constructed indices on materialist/post-materialist values, left-right partisan vote, and cognitive mobilization (an indicator of an individual's potential to take an active role in the political process). Euro-Barometer 8 contains data gathered from representative samples of respondents aged 15 or older interviewed in each of the nine nations of the EC (Germany, Great Britain, Denmark, Italy, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, and the Netherlands) in November 1977.
External data

Women's Physical Activity and Eating Habits: Influence of Work-Family Balance (ICPSR 35836)

Released/updated on: 2015-04-28
Geographic coverage: United States
The project collects repeated-measures data from a cohort of 400 women, stratified by race and educational attainment, and whose oldest child is aged 4 to 9, to examine how Black women and those with little education prioritize their work, family, and self care. Data are collected at 4 points across one year to capture natural rhythms in women's lives, including those imposed by their child's school schedule (e.g., holiday breaks).
External data

National Longitudinal Survey of Mature and Young Women (ICPSR 34930)

Released/updated on: 2013-10-28
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1967-01-01--2003-12-31
The National Longitudinal Survey of Mature and Young Women, a two-cohort survey, is part of the NLS Original Cohort project. The Mature Women's cohort includes 5,083 women who were ages 30-44 when first interviewed in 1967, while the Young Women's cohort includes 5,159 women who were ages 14-24 when first interviewed in 1968. Data for both cohorts are available through 2003, when active surveying was discontinued.
External data

International Social Survey Program: Family and Changing Sex Roles, 1988 (ICPSR 34850)

Released/updated on: 2013-08-13
Geographic coverage: Netherlands, Great Britain, Austria, Hungary, United States, Ireland, Italy, Germany, Global
Time period: 1988-01-01--1989-12-31
This collection, the fourth module in the ISSP series, contains data from Austria, the Federal Republic of Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and the United States. Questions asked of respondents focused on the family and changing sex roles. Respondents were asked for their views on women working outside the home (especially working mothers), childcare arrangements and child rearing practices, marriage, family structure and composition, and divorce. Demographic data on respondents, such as age, sex, race, ethnic identity, employment, income, marital status, education, religion, political affiliation, voting behavior, trade union membership, and household size, also were recorded. Information gathered about each person in the household includes sex, age, and relationship to the respondent.
External data

International Social Survey Program: Family and Changing Gender Roles III, 2002 (ICPSR 34826)

Released/updated on: 2013-08-01
Geographic coverage: Cyprus, United States, Portugal, Global, Russia, Netherlands, Sweden, Great Britain, Austria, Latvia, Ireland, Brazil, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Chile, Bulgaria, Hungary, Japan, Europe, Philippines, Northern Ireland, Switzerland, Spain, New Zealand, Czech Republic, Belgium, Norway, Taiwan, Finland, Denmark, Mexico, Israel, Australia, Germany
Time period: 2000-01-01--2000-12-31
The International Social Survey Program (ISSP) is an ongoing program of cross-national collaboration. Formed in 1983, the ISSP group develops topical modules dealing with important areas of social science as supplements to regular national surveys. This data collection is the third survey exploring the topic of family and changing gender roles. Participating countries in the 2002 survey included Austria, Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Flanders (Belgium), France, Germany (West and East), Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Latvia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, and the United States. Respondents were queried on various topics regarding the family, relationships with spouse or other partner(s), marriage, divorce, child rearing, single parenting, changing gender roles in the home and workplace, fulfilling family responsibilities, division of housework, management of household income, working parents (particularly working mothers), job-related stress, and job satisfaction. Demographic variables include sex, age, ethnicity or nationality, marital status, level of education, current employment status, family income, number of people living in household, household composition, religious denomination, trade union membership, political party affiliation, and region of the country and size of community where currently residing.
Curated

Detroit Area Study 1978: A Study of the Family (ICPSR 8190)

Released/updated on: 2010-10-25
Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan
Time period: 1978-01-01--1978-12-31
The Detroit Area Study is an ongoing series of surveys conducted by the Department of Sociology at the University of Michigan. These surveys serve two purposes: to provide useful survey information about various population characteristics and social issues selected as topics by principal investigators, and to provide actual survey research experience for graduate students. In the 1978 survey, 650 Detroit-area women were personally interviewed about their families. Items included questions on sex-role attitudes, ideal family size, and patterns of decision-making. Extensive occupational and fertility histories were also collected.
Curated

Detroit Area Study, 1971: Social Problems and Social Change in Detroit (ICPSR 7325)

Released/updated on: 2010-09-30
Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan
Time period: 1971-01-01--1971-12-31

The study was conducted during the spring and summer of 1971. The aim of the 1971 Detroit Area Study was to gather information on social change in the Detroit area by replicating items from nine earlier Detroit Area Studies that were conducted in 1953-1959, 1968, and 1969. The criteria used for selecting the question items were that they: (1) not be dated by wording or subject matter, (2) be relevant to some problem of current public concern or a continuing issue of sociological theory, and (3) be of the type that would be manageable in a long interview on diverse subjects. The questions chosen to be included in the 1971 Detroit Area Study examined issues such as values in marriage, ideal number of children, satisfaction of wives with marriage, decision-making and division of labor within a marriage, attitudes toward women and work, child-rearing, social participation, religious participation and beliefs, moral and job values, political orientation and participation, evaluation of various institutions, and racial attitudes. In addition to the items replicated from the previous studies, respondents' attitudes toward the United States sending troops to Vietnam were explored. Background variables established respondents' age, sex, race, educational level, marital status, occupation, class identification, and relationship to head of household. Demographic information was also collected on the respondent's spouse and parents.

Curated

Detroit Area Study, 1956: Orientation on Moral Issues in a Metropolis and The Meaning of Work (ICPSR 7320)

Released/updated on: 2010-07-28
Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan
Time period: 1956-01-01--1956-12-31

This study of 797 adults in the Detroit metropolitan area provides information on their attitudes toward work and their motivations for working, as well as their orientation toward many social and political issues. The study was a combination of two separate studies: ORIENTATION ON MORAL ISSUES IN A METROPOLIS by Robert Angell, and THE MEANING OF WORK by Robert Kahn and Robert Weiss. Respondents were asked about the importance of work in their life, the things in their job that made them feel important, the things they wanted from their job that it did not provide, the other areas of their life that made them feel useful, and the people in their lives that influenced their choice of occupation. A number of questions that focused on women working outside the home probed respondents' feelings about how a husband was affected by a working wife, and if there were kinds of jobs that women should not have. Other questions probed respondents' views about what the United States should do in the event of an attack by the Soviet Union on a western European country, a parent not allowing a child to recite the Pledge of Allegiance in school, the proposed racial integration of schools, appointment or election of government officials, effecting changes in the United States Constitution, trial by a jury or a judge, ways to effect world peace, the most important problem for the United States in the future, and a Communist revolution in a Latin American country. Additional items explored respondents' opinion of the Detroit newspapers and the Detroit newspaper strike, and their satisfaction with their neighborhood. Respondents were also asked about their political party preference, as well as their use and ownership of telephones. Demographic variables specify age, sex, race, education, place of birth, marital status, number of children, nationality, religious preferences, occupation, family income, length of residence in the Detroit area, home ownership, length of time at present residence, and class identification.

Curated

Eurobarometer 72.2: Nuclear Energy, Corruption, Gender Equality, Healthcare, and Civil Protection, September-October 2009 (ICPSR 28186)

Released/updated on: 2010-07-19
Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Spain, Czech Republic, Belgium, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia
Time period: 2009-09-11--2009-10-05
This round of Eurobarometer surveys diverged from the standard Eurobarometer measures and queried respondents on the following major areas of focus: (1) nuclear energy, (2) corruption, (3) gender equality, (4) health care quality, and (5) civil protection. For the first major topic, nuclear energy, the survey asked respondents questions about how well informed they were about nuclear energy, opinions on nuclear safety, lifetime extensions of nuclear plants, and who should make decisions about nuclear energy. For the next major focus, respondents were questioned about their trust in government, the pervasiveness of and reasons for corruption, and specific government groups that participate in corruption. The third area of focus surveyed respondents about gender inequality issues. Respondents were asked about working women, salary inequality, family issues, sexism, and violence against and poverty of women. In addition, respondents were surveyed about the course of action necessary to fix gender inequality in the European Union (EU). The next topic asked respondents about health care and its quality, adverse events, and responsibility and compensation for patient safety. Lastly, for the topic on civil protection, the survey asked respondents their opinion on the emergency preparedness and disaster prevention plans of their own countries and of the EU. Respondents were asked about the extent and input of volunteer organizations and the EU's cooperation with other member countries in the prevention of and recovery from disasters. Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, origin of birth (personal and parental), marital status, occupation, age at completion of full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone, ownership of household durables, financial situation, and quality of life pertaining to health. In addition, country-specific data includes region of residence, type and size of locality, and language of interview (select countries).
Curated

Attitudes Toward Women and Work, 1978 (ICPSR 22860)

Released/updated on: 2009-05-19
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1978-11-01--1978-12-31
This study, which was conducted in 1978, involved interviews with a national sample of 2,002 individuals, including both members of 682 married couples. Respondents were asked what they thought about women working, how this might impact family life, as well as other issues affecting the nation. Specific questions covered female employment history, job responsibilities, childcare, income, labor union participation, decision-making in the family, household responsibilities, divorce, abortion, spousal abuse, sexual harassment in the workplace, and expectations about the consequences of passage of the Equal Rights Amendment. Demographic variables include age, sex, religious preference, racial status, marital status, and income.
Curated

ABC News Women's Issues Poll, July 1992 (ICPSR 9936)

Released/updated on: 2008-08-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1992-06-29--1992-07-06
In this survey, female respondents were asked about issues and problems of particular concern to women. Respondents selected the biggest problems facing women from a list covering the areas of health, children, employment, abortion, crime, and marriage. Comments were solicited on whether this country had made most of the changes needed to give women equal rights with men, and whether respondents had a favorable view of the National Organization for Women (NOW). Respondents were asked to look back on their lives and to indicate whether they wished they had placed more or less emphasis on things such as education, preparation for a career or work outside the home, children, husbands or close romantic relationships, and time for themselves. Those surveyed indicated the extent to which they worried about adequate family medical care, obtaining a legal abortion, sexual harassment, breast cancer, and managing both a job and home life. Additional questions asked if the trend toward both parents working outside the home had a positive or negative effect on families, and if respondents agreed with a series of statements ranging from "Many men today are not as committed to marriage as they used to be," to "I sometimes wish that we could go back to the days when most women didn't work outside the home." Background information on respondents includes political alignment, education, age, marital status, employment status, race, household income, parental status, and employment outside the home.
Curated

New York Times Women's Issues Poll, June 1989 (ICPSR 4503)

Released/updated on: 2008-08-15
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1989-06-01--1989-06-30
This special topic poll, fielded June 20-25, 1989, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. The focus of the data collection was on women's issues in society. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way George H.W. Bush was handling his job as president, what the most important problem facing the country, and whether President Bush was handling that problem well. Opinions were solicited on whether there were more advantages to being a man or a woman in society, what was the most important problem facing American women was, whether men's attitudes toward women had changed for the better in the past 20 years, and whether most men looked at women as equals. A series of questions asked about women's organizations, including whether they had been successful in trying to change the status of women in society, what should be the most important goal to work toward, and whether women's organizations had made any difference in the respondent's life. Respondents were asked questions about the women's movement, including whether the United States continued to need a strong women's movement, what the main obstacle was that women faced in trying to bring about change, whether the women's movement had made things harder for men at work or at home, and whether relationships between men and women were more honest and open than they used to be. Several questions asked which spouse stayed home with a sick child, how understanding the spouse's supervisor was during that time, whether employers are equally willing to give men and women workers with children flexible hours, how many women were getting ahead due to policies designed to advance women, and whether women had to give up too much in the past in exchange for more opportunities. Information was collected on the respondent's jobs and careers, including reasons for working, employment status, expectation of promotion, opinions on supervisors, expected age of retirement, and whether they were meeting the demands placed on them at work and at home equally. Additional topics included abortion, distribution of household chores and child care, spouse's employment status, whether the respondent's mother was employed outside of the home while the respondent was growing up, and environmental protection. Demographic variables include sex, race, age, marital status, whether respondents had any children in the household under 18, household income and personal household income contribution, education level, political party affiliation, and political philosophy.
Curated

National Longitudinal Surveys of Labor Market Experience, 1966-1992 (ICPSR 7610)

Released/updated on: 2008-05-21
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1966-01-01--1992-12-31
The primary purpose of the five sets of surveys that comprise the National Longitudinal Surveys is the collection of data on the labor force experience of specific age-sex groups of Americans: Older Men aged 45-59 in 1966, Mature Women aged 30-44 in 1967, Young Men aged 14-24 in 1966, Young Women aged 14-24 in 1968, and Youth aged 14-21 in 1979. Each of the 1960s cohorts has been surveyed 12 or more times over the years, and the Youth cohort has been surveyed yearly since 1979. The major topics covered within the surveys of each cohort include: (1) labor market experience variables (including labor force participation, unemployment, job history, and job mobility), (2) socioeconomic and human capital variables (including education, training, health and physical condition, marital and family characteristics, financial characteristics, and job attitudes), and (3) selected environmental variables (size of labor force and unemployment rates for local area). While the surveys of each cohort have collected data on the above core sets of variables, cohort-specific data have been gathered over the years focusing on the particular stage of labor market attachment that each group was experiencing. Thus, the surveys of young people have collected data on their educational goals, high school and college experiences, high school characteristics, and occupational aspirations and expectations, as well as military service. The surveys of women have gathered data on topics such as fertility, child care, responsibility for household tasks, care of parents, volunteer work, attitudes towards women working, and job discrimination. As the older-aged cohorts of men and women approached labor force withdrawal, surveys for these groups collected information on their retirement plans, health status, and pension benefits. Respondents within the 1979 Youth cohort have been the focus of a number of special surveys, including the collection of data on: (1) last secondary school attended, including transcript information and selected aptitude/intelligence scores, (2) test scores from the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB), (3) illegal activities participation including police contacts, and (4) alcohol use and substance abuse. Finally, the 1986 and 1988 surveys of the Youth cohort included the administration of a battery of cognitive-socioemotional assessments to the approximately 7,000 children of the female 1979 Youth respondents. Data for the five cohorts are provided within main file releases, i.e., Mature Women 1967-1989, Young Women 1968-1991, Young Men 1966-1981, Older Men 1966-1990, and NLSY (Youth) 1979-1992. In addition, the following specially constructed data files are available: (1) a file that specifies the relationships among members of the four original cohorts living in the same household at the time of the initial surveys, i.e., husband-wife, mother-daughter, brother-sister, etc., (2) an NLSY workhistory tape detailing the week-by-week labor force attachment of the youth respondents from 1978 through the most current survey date, (3) an NLSY child-mother file linking the child assessment data to other information on children and mothers within the NLSY, (4) a supplemental NLSY file of constructed and edited fertility variables, (5) a women's support network tape detailing the geographic proximity of the relatives, friends, and acquaintances of 6,308 female NLSY respondents who were interviewed during the 1983-1985 surveys, and (6) two 1989 Mature Women's pension file detailing information on pensions and other employer-provided benefits.
Curated

CBS News Monthly Poll #2, April 2006 (ICPSR 4615)

Released/updated on: 2008-01-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2006-04-01--2006-04-30
This poll, conducted April 28-30, 2006, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions on the current direction of the country, the most important problem the country was facing, the national economy, the threat of Iran, the United States' involvement in Iraq, and to rate the job performance of Donald Rumsfeld. Respondents were also asked about the way George W. Bush was handling certain issues, such as the economy, gas prices, immigration, the war in Iraq, and terrorism, as well as whether they approved of his overall job performance. The next section of the survey addressed gasoline prices and the government's role in regulating them. The survey also contained questions about the status of women, working mothers, and the importance of children in marriage. Respondents were then asked about show business, celebrities, their favorite television shows, movies, and music, and whether they downloaded music or watched videos on the Internet. Additional questions asked for their opinions on video games and whether they watched morning or evening newscasts. Background information on respondents includes employment status, military service, voter registration status, party identification, marital status, sex, religious preference, education record, age, ethnicity, and income.
Curated

Changing Trends in the Labor Force: A Survey (ICPSR 21582)

Released/updated on: 2008-01-10
Geographic coverage: United States
The composition of the American workforce has changed dramatically over the past half century as a result of both the emergence of married women as a substantial component of the labor force and an increase in the number of minority workers. The aging of the population has contributed to this change as well. In this paper, the authors review the evidence of changing labor force participation rates, estimate the trends in labor force participation over the past 50 years, and find that aggregate participation has stabilized after a period of persistent increases. Moreover, they examine the disparate labor force participation experiences of different demographic groups. Finally, they survey some of the studies that have provided explanations for these differences.
Curated

Woman and Child Wage Earners, 1907 [Massachusetts, North Carolina, Chicago, and New York City] (ICPSR 20702)

Released/updated on: 2008-01-08
Geographic coverage: New York City, North Carolina, United States, Chicago, Illinois, Massachusetts, New York (state)
Time period: 1907-01-01--1907-12-31
This data collection contains work and demographic information on immigrant and native born industrial workers and their families from Massachusetts, North Carolina, Chicago, and New York City in the cotton textile and clothing industries. Information available includes occupation, days worked, earnings, job experience, literacy, schooling, family income, amounts retained by youths, and rent paid by the family. Also in the sample is similar information on young girls and boys working in the same two industries. Other industries (silk and glass) were surveyed, but are not in this sample. Data on occupation, earnings, months schooling, literacy, years since beginning work, days worked, ethnicity, and years in the United States are included. Also available is information on the presence of the mother and father, the father's occupation, other children in the family, family income, the amount retained by working children, and rent paid.
Curated

Woman and Child Wage Earners: Adrift, 1907 [New York City and Philadelphia] (ICPSR 20700)

Released/updated on: 2008-01-03
Geographic coverage: New York City, United States, New York (state), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Time period: 1907-01-01--1907-12-31
This data collection contains information on women workers living apart from their families, or "adrift," in New York City and Philadelphia. It is similar in origin to the WOMAN AND CHILD WAGE EARNERS (ICPSR 20702), WOMAN AND CHILD WAGE EARNERS, MARRIED (ICPSR 20720), and WOMAN AND CHILD WAGE EARNERS, WORKING WOMEN IN NEW YORK CITY LIVING AT HOME (ICPSR 20721) data collections. Somewhat more comprehensive information exists for it than for the ICPSR 20721 sample, which is very similar in content. The data for this sample were collected for women living apart from their families of origin. Variables include: age, work experience, ethnicity, average weekly earnings, and whether the place of work was a store or manufacturing enterprise. In addition to these variables there is information on years of schooling, weekly expenditures for car fare, shelter and food, and remittances home or contributions to other relatives. It should be emphasized that the respondents were asked about their years of schooling. The education variable, therefore, is not derived but was given by the women, which is quite extraordinary for the period. Additionally, there is no information on the marital status of these women. It is presumed that they are either unmarried, widowed, or divorced (or separated) because they are all living apart from other family members.
Curated

Woman and Child Wage Earners: Married Women, 1907 [Massachusetts, North Carolina, Chicago, New York City, and Philadelphia] (ICPSR 20720)

Released/updated on: 2007-12-21
Geographic coverage: New York City, North Carolina, United States, Chicago, Illinois, Massachusetts, New York (state), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Time period: 1907-01-01--1907-12-31
This data collection contains information on married women workers in the cotton textiles and clothing industries in New York City, Chicago, Philadelphia, North Carolina, and Massachusetts. Approximately 15 percent of the women in the sample were working in other sectors but were included because their children worked in cotton textiles and clothing. The data include information on occupation, earnings, age, days worked, number of children, years married, rent paid, the condition of the husband (dead, away, incapacitated, or at work), the ethnicity and nativity of the husband, and whether industrial homework was performed.
Curated

Woman and Child Wage Earners: Working Women in New York City Living at Home, 1907 (ICPSR 20721)

Released/updated on: 2007-12-21
Geographic coverage: New York City, United States, New York (state)
Time period: 1907-01-01--1907-12-31
This data collection contains information on young women who worked in factories, stores, and other enterprises in New York City and who were living at home with their parents. Information available includes industry, occupation, ethnicity, age, years of experience, weekly earnings, and weekly contribution to the family.
Curated

Male and Female Wages and Employment from English Farm Accounts, 1740-1850 (ICPSR 20323)

Released/updated on: 2007-11-09
Geographic coverage: England, Global
Time period: 1740-01-01--1850-12-31
This study is based on a nonrandom sample of manuscript farm wage accounts. It contains information on the farm labor force (wages and employment by gender) and the location of the farm. The records contain information on all farm laborers working at the farm, but no information on any family labor or farm servants who may or may not have been employed. First names were used to categorize workers as male or female. Complete employment records for a full year were used to calculate the total number of days worked in one year by male and female laborers. Wages are the median wages paid by gender and season.
Curated

Polish General Social Survey, 1992-2002 (ICPSR 20501)

Released/updated on: 2007-10-23
Geographic coverage: Poland, Global
Time period: 1992-01-01--2002-12-31
The Polish General Social Survey (PGSS), conducted annually since 1992 through 1995 and later biennially, is designed to measure opinions and social characteristics of the Polish society. PGSS core variables include socioeconomic and demographic items with an emphasis on stratification measures (occupation, labor force status, education, income) of respondents and their spouses and parents. In addition, there are attitudinal variables concerning politics and ideology, national spending, religious beliefs, social inequality, job and occupational values, tolerance, educational values, other countries, traditional sex roles, family issues, abortion, and homosexuality. Other variables gauge subjective well-being, social class identification, satisfaction with different spheres of life, and confidence in public institutions. Respondents were also queried about their voting behavior, social interactions, religiosity, health, smoking, and drinking. Each year, additional topical modules of questions from the International Social Survey Program have been added: "Social Inequality" (1992 and 1999), "Environment" (1993), "Family and Changing Gender Roles" (1994 and 2002), "Sexual Behavior" (1994), "National Identity" (1995), "Work Orientations II" (1997), and "Social Relations and Support Systems" (2002). This study is a continuation of the POLISH GENERAL SOCIAL SURVEY, 1992-1999 (ICPSR 3487).
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Compilation of Middletown III and Middletown IV Data, 1977-1999 [Muncie, Indiana] (ICPSR 4604)

Released/updated on: 2007-10-16
Geographic coverage: Muncie, Indiana, United States
Time period: 1977-01-01--1999-12-31
Middletown III was a replication of research done in 1924-1925 by Robert and Helen Lynd in Muncie, Indiana. Middletown III included the Family Roles Survey (1977), the High School Survey (1977, 1989), the Community Survey (1978), the Government Services Survey (1978), the Kinship Survey (1978), the Neighborhood Survey (1978), the Religion Survey (1978), the Women's Occupational Survey (1978), and the Recreation Survey (1982). Middletown IV was a 1999 replication of two of the most important surveys that had been conducted in 1924 and 1977: the Community Survey and the High School Survey. The High School Survey (1977, 1989, and 1999) queried respondents about the number of years they attended Muncie schools, membership in extra-curricular activities, sex education, curriculum, grades and schoolwork, books and magazines read that were not assigned, and future plans post-high school. Respondents were also asked about close friendships, work outside of school, activities on Sunday, and their opinions about their relationship with their parents, and several statements about personal, political, and social issues. For the Community Survey (1978, 1999), respondents were asked about their residence and living in Muncie, as well as job history, reasons to work, and the advantages gained from working. The survey also asked questions of respondents about spouse employment and vacation, household roles, activities, and expenses, as well as close friendships, important qualities in boys and girls, educational plans for their children, and opinions on special topics. For the Family Roles Survey (1978), respondents were asked to express their opinion in regard to raising a family in Muncie, spouse role performance and expectations, marital satisfaction, and close friendships. The Government Services Survey (1978) asked respondents about their participation in the 1976 presidential, 1974 Indiana congressional, and 1975 Muncie city elections, service in the armed forces, and housing. In addition, the survey asked respondents for their opinion in regard to unemployed citizens, welfare, the Muncie community, and government programs, as well as their awareness or use of certain programs. The Kinship Survey (1978) asked respondents to identify where and how long they lived at a location in relationship to Muncie. In addition, respondents were asked for demographic information about their spouse, mother and father (their own and their spouse's), siblings, cousins, and children, their relationship and interactions with them, including their participation in different types of activities together, giving or receiving of goods or services, and frequency of communication. The Neighborhood Survey (1978), queried respondents about their residence in a Muncie neighborhood and their intent to remain at or move from this location. Opinions were sought about the neighborhood and particular facilities visited, attended, or used most often. Respondents were also asked to identify whether relatives or friends lived in Muncie, the location of their residence, as well as their spouses' work location. Respondents scored their interactions with their closest relative, and identified relationships with friends and work associates. In the Religion Survey (1978), respondents provided information about their participation in political elections, what activities they enjoy, as well as their opinion in regard to quality of life, marital satisfaction, racial inequality, women's liberation, and their response when encountering a problem. In addition, respondents were asked about their religious behavior and philosophies, including practices such as prayer, fasting, and the teaching and study of different religions. For the Women's Occupational Survey (1978), respondents were queried about their views in regard to quality of life and marriage including number of times and age married, the status of the marriage, number of children born in each marriage, marital satisfaction, relationship with spouse, causes of disagreement with spouse, and household roles. Pertaining to occupation, respondents answered questions about job training and requirements, job satisfaction, and job discrimination. They also provided their opinions about how work had affected their relationships with their children and spouse. For the Recreation Survey (1982), respondents were queried about attending professional events, participating in sports and household activities, visiting particular recreational locations, owning recreational, electronic, or entertainment equipment, and playing a musical instrument. In addition, the survey posed questions about membership in a group or organization, vacations, religious behaviors, and books or magazines read. Respondents also provided their opinion about gender attributes pertaining to societal roles. Major demographic themes that may appear in one or more of the surveys include age, gender, race, birthplace, occupation and employment, income, social class, education, marital status, religious preference, number of friends or relatives in the city, number and ages of children or siblings, and household composition, as well as the topic of organizational memberships, political affiliation, time spent per day watching movies or television, and number of newspaper or magazine subscriptions. For the Community Survey (1978, 1999), Kinship Survey (1978), Neighborhood Survey (1978), and Women's Occupational Survey (1978), in addition to occupation, the data may also include Duncan Socioeconomic Index (SEI), Siegel Prestige, or industry classification codes.
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Survey on Russian Marriages, 1996 (ICPSR 2692)

Released/updated on: 2007-03-23
Geographic coverage: Global, Russia
Time period: 1996-01-01--1996-12-31
This survey was designed to provide information on the Russian family in terms of the economic and social change experienced during the process of democratization. The survey covered urban and rural areas of Russia. The Moscow data were collected between February and November 1996, while respondents from the rural regions of Saratov and Pskov were interviewed February-March 1996 and February-April 1996, respectively. Adults aged 18 to 60 years were asked through face-to-face interviews for their views on their relationship with their spouse or cohabitating partner, including relative status, perceived marital/relationship quality, and perceived verbal and physical abuse, as well as generational differences with respect to gender attitudes and marital relationships. Cohabitating respondents were asked the same questions as married respondents, in these cases, reference was made to the partner instead of the spouse and to their relationship rather than marriage. Respondents were asked to describe their views, as well as those of their spouse or partner and of society in general, regarding women working outside the home, marital decision-making, and gender traits. Those queried also commented on their satisfaction with the division of labor in their marriage or cohabitating relationship, included housekeeping, managing family finances, earning income, raising children, and caring for parents. Married and previously married respondents were asked about their marital history, including age at first marriage, while separated, divorced, and widowed respondents were asked when and for what reason(s) their union ended. Additional topics covered attitudes towards divorce and alcohol use, the amount of conflict present in the marriage or relationship, the presence of verbal and/or physical abuse, verbal and/or physical abuse experienced from parents, family background, and description of the residence. The spouses or cohabitating partners of primary respondents were also interviewed, as well as one adult child of each primary respondent with adult children in the Moscow area sample. Only female respondents answered questions regarding domestic violence in their marriage or cohabitating relationship. Demographic variables included age, sex, marital status, number of children, employment status, religious affiliation, household income, education level, health status, alcohol usage, and occupation, as well as the sex and age of the respondent's children and household members.
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Washington Post: DC-Region Moms Poll, April 2005 (ICPSR 4324)

Released/updated on: 2006-05-02
Geographic coverage: District of Columbia, Baltimore, United States, Virginia, Maryland
Time period: 2005-04-01--2005-04-30
This special topic poll, conducted April 14-23, 2005, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. The focus of this data collection was respondents' experiences as mothers living in the Washington, DC, area. Respondents, all female, were queried on their choices as mothers such as whether to stay at home or work outside of the home, whether those in two parent households factored each person's income into the decision of who, if anyone, would stay at home to care for the children, whether they ever had doubts about their decision to have children, and whether they ever had doubts about their decisions related to which parent would stay home to care for the children. Further questions addressed the division of child care and responsibilities, the level of accommodation received from employers to address their responsibilities as parents, balancing the responsibilities of motherhood and responsibility/necessity of finding personal time for oneself, and balancing the responsibilities of motherhood and those of their jobs. Additional issues addressed the emotional health and experiences involved in motherhood, their satisfaction with being mothers, the expectations of mothers compared to times past, and the judgment and advice received from others relative to their parenting decisions. Background information includes age, education, household income, race, and sex.
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Work and Family Study, 1983: [Cincinnati] (ICPSR 9465)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States, Ohio, Cincinnati
Time period: 1982-10-01--1983-03-31
This data collection, which focuses on married couples, investigates the effects of dual careers and job status on marital partners. Four major mechanisms were identified to account for the relationships between higher occupational status of the wife and negative marital and/or career outcomes. These mechanisms include (1) competition between husband and wife, (2) conflict between role expectations and performances, (3) conflict with respective gender identities, and (4) lack of role complementarity in the relationship. The data collection effort sought to determine if any of these mechanisms or combination of mechanisms cause the wife to stay out of the labor force, cause the husband's occupation to limit the wife's occupational attainment, or cause the wife's higher occupational attainment to result in marital dissatisfaction. Major variables include labor force participation, occupation, gender identity, role expectations, perception of expectations, perception of performance, role complementarity, competition, marital satisfaction, career commitment, support for wife's career, and perceived status differences. The unit of analysis is the married couple.
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CBS News/New York Times Polls, 1977-1978 (ICPSR 7818)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1977-01-01--1978-12-31
This study is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. With the exception of Part 8, June 1978 Poll -- California Sample, (for which there was no national sample), each data file in this collection represents a distinct nationwide survey that was conducted during 1977-1978. Approximately 1,000-1,500 randomly selected adults were surveyed by telephone in each poll. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President Jimmy Carter and his handling of the presidency, foreign affairs, and the economy, as well as their views on a range of current social and economic issues such as crime, police behavior, discrimination, and working women. In addition, the July 1977 Energy Poll (Part 3) focused specifically on energy problems, exploring respondents' perceptions of the seriousness of energy shortages and who or what may have been responsible, their reactions to President Carter's proposals calling for conservation and sacrifice, and whether or not their own energy usage behavior was likely to change, particularly with regard to home heating and automobile use. The October 1977 Poll (Part 4) covered topics such as the Panama Canal treaty, the ongoing conflict in the Middle East, changing lifestyles, and the impact of the women's movement on family life. The February 1978 Poll (Part 6) dealt with the attitudes of Blacks and Whites on racial issues. Topics covered included police harassment, urban poverty, racial disturbances, segregation in neighborhoods and schools, and the portrayal of Black Americans on television. In addition to asking respondents about the efforts of Egypt and Israel to negotiate a peace agreement, the April 1978 Poll (Part 7) also covered current national issues such as inflation, unemployment, energy prices, and personal savings. California's Proposition 13 was the primary subject of the poll in Part 8, June 1978 Poll -- California Sample. Other topics included arms limitation talks between the United States and the Soviet Union, and United States' potential intervention in Africa. Background information on respondents includes voter participation history, political party affiliation, political orientation, age, sex, race, religion, education, employment, household income, and participation in labor unions.
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German Weimar Republic Data, 1919-1933 (ICPSR 42)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-22
Geographic coverage: Germany
Time period: 1919-01-01--1933-12-31
This data collection contains electoral and demographic data at several levels of aggregation (kreis, land/regierungsberzirk, and wahlkreis) for Germany in the Weimar Republic period of 1919-1933. Two datasets are available. Part 1, 1919 Data, presents raw and percentagized election returns at the wahlkreis level for the 1919 election to the Nationalversammlung. Information is provided on the number and percentage of eligible voters and the total votes cast for parties such as the German National People's Party, German People's Party, Christian People's Party, German Democratic Party, Social Democratic Party, and Independent Social Democratic Party. Part 2, 1920-1933 Data, consists of returns for elections to the Reichstag, 1920-1933, and for the Reichsprasident elections of 1925 and 1932 (including runoff elections in each year), returns for two national referenda, held in 1926 and 1929, and data pertaining to urban population, religion, and occupations, taken from the German Census of 1925. This second dataset contains data at several levels of aggregation and is a merged file. Crosstemporal discrepancies, such as changes in the names of the geographical units and the disappearance of units, have been adjusted for whenever possible. Variables in this file provide information for the total number and percentage of eligible voters and votes cast for parties, including the German Nationalist People's Party, German People's Party, German Center Party, German Democratic Party, German Social Democratic Party, German Communist Party, Bavarian People's Party, Nationalist-Socialist German Workers' Party (Hitler's movement), German Middle Class Party, German Business and Labor Party, Conservative People's Party, and other parties. Data are also provided for the total number and percentage of votes cast in the Reichsprasident elections of 1925 and 1932 for candidates Jarres, Held, Ludendorff, Braun, Marx, Hellpach, Thalman, Hitler, Duesterburg, Von Hindenburg, Winter, and others. Additional variables provide information on occupations in the country, including the number of wage earners employed in agriculture, industry and manufacturing, trade and transportation, civil service, army and navy, clergy, public health, welfare, domestic and personal services, and unknown occupations. Other census data cover the total number of wage earners in the labor force and the number of female wage earners employed in all occupations. Also provided is the percentage of the total population living in towns with 5,000 inhabitants or more, and the number and percentage of the population who were Protestants, Catholics, and Jews.
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British Social Attitudes Survey, 1987 (ICPSR 3091)

Released/updated on: 2005-07-22
Geographic coverage: Great Britain, Global
Time period: 1987-01-01--1987-12-31
This survey is part of a continuing series designed to monitor trends in a wide range of social attitudes in Great Britain. The British Social Attitudes Survey (BSA) is similar in purpose to the General Social Survey carried out by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) in the United States. The BSA questionnaire had two parts, one administered by an interviewer and the other completed by the respondent. As in the past, the 1986 interview questionnaire contained a number of "core" questions covering the major topic areas of defense, the economy, labor market participation, and the welfare state. The 1987 self-enumerated questionnaire was devoted to a series of questions on a range of social, economic, political, and moral issues. Topics that received attention (by section) include: (1) newspaper readership, defense, international relations, (2) economic issues/policies, household income, economic activity, labor market participation, (3) the welfare state, the National Health Service, education, (4) race, social class, religion, (5) sex, gender, and moral issues, politics/institutions, (6) right/wrong, industry/jobs, (7) housing and the countryside, and (8) AIDS and housing. Beginning in 1985, an international initiative funded by the Nuffield Foundation, the International Social Survey Program (ISSP), also contributed a module to the BSA. The topic of the ISSP module in this collection was inequality. Additional demographic data gathered included age, gender, education, occupation, household income, marital status, social class, and religious and political affiliations.
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Euro-barometer 19: Gender Roles in the European Community, April 1983 (ICPSR 8152)

Released/updated on: 1996-12-10
Geographic coverage: Greece, Netherlands, Great Britain, Belgium, Europe, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany, Global
Time period: 1983-04-01--1983-04-30
This round of Euro-Barometer surveys queried respondents on standard Euro-Barometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, and whether they discussed political matters. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the European Community (EC), including whether their country had benefited from being an EC member, and the extent of their personal interest in EC matters. Another major focus of the surveys was women's rights and the proper role of women in society, in politics, and in the workplace. Additional questions concerned respondents' knowledge about and attitudes toward the European Parliament. Other questions dealt with the respondents' current level of happiness, amount of national pride, group memberships, social activities, political involvement and attitudes, and sources of political information. Demographic data for each respondent includes sex, age, role of religion in political decisions, occupation of head of household, marital status, composition of household, family income, objective and subjective size of community, and province and region of interview. Several constructed indices also are included. Euro-Barometer 19 contains data gathered from representative samples of respondents who were interviewed in each of the ten nations of the EC (Germany, Great Britain, Denmark, Italy, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Greece) in April 1983.
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Euro-Barometer 9: Employment and Unemployment in Europe, April 1978 (ICPSR 7727)

Released/updated on: 1996-12-10
Geographic coverage: Netherlands, Great Britain, Belgium, Europe, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany, Global
Time period: 1978-04-01--1978-04-30
This round of Euro-Barometer surveys queried respondents on standard Euro-Barometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, what their country's goals should be for the next ten years, and how they viewed the need for societal change. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the European Community (EC), including how well-informed they felt about the EC, what sources of information about the EC they used, whether their country had benefited from being an EC member, and the extent of their personal interest in EC matters. Another major focus of the surveys was on the causes and consequences of unemployment, both generally and among women and youth in particular. Those who had been unemployed during the previous three years were asked about their ability to obtain various kinds of public assistance and how selective they were when looking for work. Attitudes toward the European Parliamentary elections (postponed from 1978 to 1979) also continued to be measured. Demographic information gathered includes respondents' religion, education, occupation, marital status, age, and sex, as well as the occupation of the head of household and the composition of the household. In addition to the survey itself, the ICPSR version of the study contains constructed indices on materialist/post-materialist values, left-right partisan vote, European Parliament partisan vote, and cognitive mobilization (an indicator of an individual's potential to take an active role in the political process). Euro-Barometer 9 contains data gathered from representative samples of respondents aged 15 or older interviewed in each of the nine nations of the EC (Germany, Great Britain, Denmark, Italy, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, and Netherlands) in April 1978.
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ICPSR Instructional Subset: Women and Men in Italy, Denmark, and Britain, 1975 (ICPSR 7574)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Great Britain, Europe, Denmark, Italy, Global
Time period: 1975-01-01--1975-12-31
To commemorate the International Women's Year, this instructional subset focused attention upon a wide range of topics relevant to the status of women. The subset was drawn from the first international survey of its kind on the subject, EUROBAROMETER 3: EUROPEAN MEN AND WOMEN, MAY 1975 (ICPSR 7416), conducted in May 1975 by Jacques-Rene Rabier, special advisor to the Commission of European Communities, and Ronald Inglehart of the Institute for Social Research, the University of Michigan. The Euro-Barometer surveys are an ongoing program of public opinion research sponsored by the nine nations of the European Community. Fieldwork for the project was performed by a consortium of European polling organizations for all the nine nations. The survey also included questions about economic and political issues of interest to the European Community, as well as items about respondents' assessment of the quality of life. Sixty selected variables from Euro-Barometer 3 are contained in this subset, with a respondent pool drawn from three of the European countries: Denmark, Great Britain, and Italy. The items are primarily concerned with respondents' attitudes toward changes in sex roles and the importance of issues related to the status of women. Respondents were asked to evaluate the social status of women, including job opportunities, work conditions, promotion prospects, wages, and job security for women vis-a-vis those of men, as well as the problems they were dealing with, such as health, housing, wages, unemployment, and other personal problems, and various aspects of the quality of life. Additional items probed respondents' opinions about women's participation in politics, gender equity in all spheres, and the effects of the European Common Market on women's status. Also elicited were respondents' personal emotional state and political interests. Demographic items specify age, marital status, sex, occupation, residential area, and ideological position.
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Detroit Area Study, 1974: A Study of Women's Labor Force Participation (ICPSR 7901)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan
Time period: 1974-01-01--1974-12-31

This study of 438 women aged 18-65 in the Detroit metropolitan area in 1974 provides information on their participation in the labor force. Data are provided on the job histories of respondents, up to 14 previous occupations in order to assess the nature of work, length of stay on the job, and the status of public or private employment. Respondents were asked questions about the various jobs they had held, such as their feelings toward their jobs, their reasons for working, job titles held, membership in labor unions, health conditions that might have affected their work, reasons for leaving their jobs, and the geographic location of their workplace, as well as their feelings of job security and job satisfaction. Other questions probed respondents' feelings about equal job opportunities for men and women, equal privileges for women and men, the removal of the glass ceiling for women in America's corporate and political life, the implications for the marriage if a wife earned more than her husband, career-oriented wives, husbands' share of household chores, and working mothers. Additional items explored respondents' opinions of government's efforts to eliminate sexual and racial discrimination, and the idea of changes in divorce laws to make divorce easier or harder to obtain. Demographic variables specify age, sex, education, marital status, income, relationship to head of household, household composition, nationality, political party affiliation, and social class identification. Also provided is demographic information on family members.

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