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Curated

Simple Crosstabs

United States Congressional Roll Call Voting Records, 1789-1990: Reformatted Data (ICPSR 9822)

Released/updated on: 2026-08-17

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1789-01-01--1990-12-31

This study consists of roll call voting records from the United States Congress, including both the House of Representatives and Senate, from 1789 to 1990. The data is organized by distinct sessions of Congress, from 1st to 100th session of Congress. The units of analysis are individual members of Congress. Each record contains a member's voting action on every roll call vote taken during that session. The data also includes information associated with each record such as name, state, party code, ICPSR ID, member and occupancy codes, and Congress session number. The codebook files also contain supplemental information such as legislative citation codes, the voting date, the outcome tally, the relevant location, and a description of the voting issue.

Self-published

Replication Materials: Gender and Racial Differences in Migration Behavior: Evidence from the Farm Exodus within and out of the U.S. South, 1900-1940 (ICPSR 237073)

Released/updated on: 2026-04-21

Time period: 1900-01-01--1940-12-31

This is the replication package for: "Gender and Racial Differences in Migration Behavior: Evidence from the Farm Exodus within and out of the U.S. South, 1900-1940" by Jennifer Withrow.

Using linked Census Tree records and archival sources, I explore the roles of race and gender in migrant selection and sorting during the exodus of single young women and men from U.S. Southern farms from 1900-1940. Female migration rates, influenced by changes in farm men’s marriageability, rose during the farm crisis of 1920-1940 and exceeded men’s by 1940. On- and off-farm discrimination by race and gender drove differences in migrant characteristics: out-of-South Black female migrants, but not within-South, were positively selected on education and family resources while White women were positively selected across both destinations.

Self-published

Replication package for: Why are corporations terminated? A century of evidence from the Netherlands (ICPSR 229281)

Released/updated on: 2025-05-15

Geographic coverage: Netherlands

Time period: 1903-01-01--1996-12-31

This is a replication package for:Why are corporations terminated? A century of evidence from the NetherlandsPublished in Business History.We identify all 196 Dutch exchange-listed corporations that halted their operations and ceased to exist between 1903 and 1996. We then explain these terminations using unique hand-collected accounting and governance data and regression techniques that allow us to conduct long-run comparative analysis. Despite bankruptcy laws remaining unchanged, corporate termination patterns shifted across the century: shareholder-induced voluntary liquidations dominated before WWII, while creditor-driven bankruptcies prevailed thereafter. Our analyses suggest this shift reflected a broader transformation in corporate purpose, from a liberal shareholder-centric model that prevailed before WWII, to a stakeholder-focused paradigm that emerged among Dutch business elites in the post-war period. We find that the Dutch government’s 1970s industrial policy experimentation failed to curb bankruptcies. Our results highlight how shifts in corporate purpose can reshape business outcomes, even without legal changes.

Self-published

Veterans’ Grandchildren Mortality Plus: Vital Records, Census and Draft Cards Across Three Generations (ICPSR 197701)

Released/updated on: 2024-02-05

Geographic coverage: United States

The Veterans’ Grandchildren Mortality Plus sample consists of the records of more than 35,700 total grandchildren

both male and female in nearly equal numbers,
about 28,000 of which survived to age 45,
who were born after the war to 16,791 children of 2,825 veterans,
and contains an oversample of ex-POW veterans.

The primary purpose of the project was to explore how grandfathers’ trauma affects the longevity and overweight of descendants.

The dataset contains birth and death dates of grandchildren, census information on their parents' household, select socioeconomic and education information from the 1930 and 1940 census, and height and weight information from WWII draft cards for the grandsons. This multigenerational dataset can be used for researching the intergenerational transmission of longevity, overweight and socioeconomic status and the sex-specific pathways of this transmission and for testing mechanical linkage algorithms.

Researchers built on a previously collected NIA-funded project containing census and death information of children of ex-POW and non-POW veterans (“Early Indicators, Intergenerational Processes, and Aging,” NIA grant P01AG10120, PI: Costa). The Veterans’ Grandchildren Mortality Plus data set contains the newly collected records of the veterans’ grandchildren, as well as the previously collected data of the veterans and their children.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

United States Agriculture Data, 1840 - 2012 (ICPSR 35206)

Released/updated on: 2018-08-20

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1840-01-01--2012-12-31

This collection includes county-level data from the United States Censuses of Agriculture for the years 1840 to 2012. The files provide data about the number, types, output, and prices of various agricultural products, as well as information on the amount, expenses, sales, values, and production of machinery. Most of the basic crop output data apply to the previous harvest year. Data collected also included the population and value of livestock, the number of animals slaughtered, and the size, type, and value of farms. Part 46 of this collection contains data from 1980 through 2010. Variables in part 46 include information such as the average value of farmland, number and value of buildings per acre, food services, resident population, composition of households, and unemployment rates.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Aging of Veterans of the Union Army: Surgeons' Certificates, United States, 1862-1940 (ICPSR 2877)

Released/updated on: 2018-05-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1862-01-01--1940-12-31

This data collection, Aging of Veterans of the Union Army: Surgeons' Certificates, United States, 1862-1940, constitutes a portion of the historical data collected by the project "Early Indicators of Later Work Levels, Disease, and Death." With the goal of constructing datasets suitable for longitudinal analyses of factors affecting the aging process, the project collects military, medical, and socioeconomic data on a sample of white males mustered into the Union Army during the Civil War. The surgeons' certificates contain information from examining physicians to determine eligibility for pension benefits. Also included are questions regarding the age, occupation, residence, and military experience of the veterans. These data can be linked to "Aging of Veterans of the Union Army: Military, Pension, and Medical Records, 1820-1940" (ICPSR 6837) and "Aging of Veterans of the Union Army: United States Federal Census Records, 1850, 1860, 1900, 1910" (ICPSR 6836) using the variable "recidnum."

Curated

Statistics of Deadly Quarrels, 1809-1949 (ICPSR 5407)

Released/updated on: 2016-02-10

Geographic coverage: Global

Time period: 1809-01-01--1949-12-31

This study contains data on 779 dyadic fatal quarrels for the period 1809-1949. The study represents one of the earlier attempts at quantification of historical conflict behavior. A dyadic deadly quarrel is a situation involving a pair of opponents or belligerents which causes death to humans. Each quarrel is identified by its beginning date and magnitude. The magnitude of a quarrel is measured by the logarithm to the base 10 of the number of deaths. The range of magnitude of quarrels in this study is from 2.50 to 7.50, the latter representing the figure for nations involved in World War II. For each quarrel, the nominal variables include the type of quarrel, as well as political, cultural, and economic similarities and dissimilarities between the pair of combatants.

Curated

Prohibition Movement in the United States, 1801-1920 (ICPSR 8343)

Released/updated on: 2012-10-26

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1801-01-01--1920-12-31

These data were gathered for use in modeling the diffusion of prohibition in the United States throughout the nineteenth century. The study contains information on the prohibition status of counties from 1801 to 1920. For each county in the continental United States, the prohibition status is recorded annually starting with 1801. For those counties that were established after 1801, the prohibition status is recorded from the date the county was created. State-level prohibition status is also identified.

Curated

Historical, Demographic, Economic, and Social Data: The United States, 1790-2002 (ICPSR 2896)

Released/updated on: 2010-05-21

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1790-01-01--2002-12-31

This data collection contains detailed county and state-level ecological and descriptive data for the United States for the years 1790 to 2002. Parts 1-43 are an update to HISTORICAL, DEMOGRAPHIC, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL DATA: THE UNITED STATES, 1790-1970 (ICPSR 0003). Parts 1-41 contain data from the 1790-1970 censuses. They include extensive information about the social and political character of the United States, including a breakdown of population by state, race, nationality, number of families, size of the family, births, deaths, marriages, occupation, religion, and general economic condition. Parts 42 and 43 contain data from the 1840 and 1870 Censuses of Manufacturing, respectively. These files include information about the number of persons employed in various industries and the quantities of different types of manufactured products. Parts 44-50 provide county-level data from the United States Census of Agriculture for 1840 to 1900. They also include the state and national totals for the variables. The files provide data about the number, types, and prices of various agricultural products. Parts 51-57 contain data on religious bodies and church membership for 1906, 1916, 1926, 1936, and 1952, respectively. Parts 58-69 consist of data from the CITY DATA BOOKS for 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1962, 1967, 1972, 1977, 1983, 1988, 1994, and 2000, respectively. These files contain information about population, climate, housing units, hotels, birth and death rates, school enrollment and education expenditures, employment in various industries, and city government finances. Parts 70-81 consist of data from the COUNTY DATA BOOKS for 1947, 1949, 1952, 1956, 1962, 1967, 1972, 1977, 1983, 1988, 1994, and 2000, respectively. These files include information about population, employment, housing, agriculture, manufacturing, retail, services, trade, banking, Social Security, local governments, school enrollment, hospitals, crime, and income. Parts 82-84 contain data from USA COUNTIES 1998. Due to the large number of variables from this source, the data were divided into into three separate data files. Data include information on population, vital statistics, school enrollment, educational attainment, Social Security, labor force, personal income, poverty, housing, trade, farms, ancestry, commercial banks, and transfer payments. Parts 85-106 provide data from the United States Census of Agriculture for 1910 to 2002. They provide data about the amount, types, and prices of various agricultural products. Also, these datasets contain extensive information on the amount, expenses, sales, values, and production of farms and machinery.

Curated

Massachusetts Superior Court Files, 1859-1959 (ICPSR 7776)

Released/updated on: 2010-05-14

Geographic coverage: United States, Massachusetts

Time period: 1859-01-01--1959-12-31

This dataset contains data about case records created between 1859-1959 in the Massachusetts Superior Court (and its predecessors) for two Massachusetts counties. Part 1 contains data for 1,952 criminal cases with 52 descriptive variables, including: type of crime, year crime was committed, pleas, sentences, appeals, size of file, and demographic characteristics of victim and defendant (e.g., gender, status, residence, and occupation). Eighteen variables describe and rate each case's historical interest. Part 2 contains data on 1,968 civil (law, equity, and divorce) cases, with 82 descriptive variables, such as: relationship between parties, type of complaint, relief sought, disposition, relief granted, number of claims, damages awarded, size of file, and demographic characteristics of plaintiff and defendant (e.g., gender, status, residence, and occupation). Ten variables describe and rate each case's historical interest. In both data files, criteria for historical interest coding include: (1) inherent interest, such as offenses that are not routine (e.g., white-collar crimes, sexual crimes, and serious felonies), parties who are inherently interesting (e.g., famous persons, institutional defendants, and law enforcement personnel), and legal proceedings that are inherently interesting (e.g., alleged violations of prosecutorial or judicial discretion), (2) contexts that are inherently interesting, and (3) extraordinary documentation, such as those that shed light on the legal system (e.g., pardons or letters from citizens' committees), shed light on social history (e.g., the testimony of a woman who moved to the city and inadvertently ended up in a brothel), provide legal/procedural information (e.g., the details of search or a technical challenge to an indictment), and describe public or political history (e.g., milk inspection or zoning laws).

Curated

United States Congressional Roll Call Voting Records, 1789-1998 (ICPSR 4)

Released/updated on: 2010-05-06

Time period: 1789-01-01--1998-12-31

Roll call voting records for both chambers of the United States Congress through the second session of the 105th Congress are presented in this data collection. Each data file in the collection contains information for one chamber of a single Congress. The units of analysis in each part are the individual members of Congress. Each record contains a member's voting action on every roll call vote taken during that Congress, along with variables that identify the member (e.g., name, party, state, district, uniform ICPSR member number, and most recent means of attaining office). In addition, the codebook provides descriptive information for each roll call, including the date of the vote, outcome in terms of nays and yeas, name of initiator, the relevant bill or resolution number, and a synopsis of the issue.

Curated

Demographic, Social, Educational and Economic Data for France, 1833-1925 (ICPSR 7529)

Released/updated on: 2010-04-27

Geographic coverage: France, Global

Time period: 1833-01-01--1925-12-31

Prepared by ICPSR under a project to automate major portions of the Statistique Generale de la France, this is a collection of demographic, social, education, economic, population, and vital statistics data for France, 1833-1925. This conversion project is a continuation of one conducted in 1972, for which a similar data collection was created, SOCIAL, DEMOGRAPHIC, AND EDUCATIONAL DATA FOR FRANCE, 1801-1897 (ICPSR 0048). The project to collect and prepare these data was sponsored by two French and two American groups: ICPSR and the Center for Western European Studies at the University of Michigan, and the Fourth and Sixth Sections of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes and Conseil National de la Recherches Scientifique in France. Both collections include data recorded at the departement, arrondissement, chef-lieu, and ville level. In this collection, materials from the vital statistics series were prepared for selected years rather than for each year in the period from 1900-1925. The years that were chosen clustered around the quinquennial censuses and also included (because of the violent demographic dislocations produced by World War I) each year in the 1914-1919 period. In addition, some vital statistics for the nineteenth century (1836-1850, 1880, and 1892) obtained from fugitive published volumes that could not be located during the course of the 1972 project were prepared. The 136 datasets in this collection contain: (1) French population, economic, and social data obtained from the quenquennial censuses of 1901, 1906, 1911, and 1921, that detail the composition of the population by categories of age, sex, nativity, marital status, religion, place of residence, and occupation, (2) industrial census data for the years 1861-1896, (3) data on primary education in France for 1833, 1901, and 1906, as well as data on secondary and higher education in France for the years 1836-1850, 1880, and 1892, and (4) data from a separate series of annual vital statistics (Mouvement de la Population) that cover the years 1836-1850, 1892, and 1900-1925, citing births, deaths, and marriages in the nation.

Curated

Parenthood in Early Twentieth-Century America Project (PETCAP), 1900-1944 (ICPSR 6876)

Released/updated on: 2009-08-11

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1900-01-01--1944-12-31

The purpose of this data collection was to provide information on parenting in general and on fathers' roles in particular in the early part of the twentieth century in the United States. The collection comprises transcriptions of original handwritten and published materials relating to infant and child care dating from the turn of the century into World War II. There are three types of data in the collection: (1) popular magazine articles, (2) letters to educator and author Angelo Patri (1876-1965) and his replies, and (3) letters to the United States Children's Bureau, along with the Bureau's replies. The popular magazine data files include transcriptions of original magazine articles indexed under the READER'S GUIDE TO PERIODICAL LITERATURE categories of "father," "mother," and "parent," published between 1900 and 1942. In addition to the text of the articles, other information contained in each data file includes the author of the article, index classification (father, mother, or parent), year the article was published, magazine name and volume number, and gender of the article's author. The Children's Bureau data include advice-seeking letters from fathers and mothers and the Bureau's replies, written between 1915 and 1944. Beyond the actual text of the letters, other information includes the initials and title of the letter's author, location of the letter within the National Archives (box number), Bureau subject classification codes for the box that the letter came from, time period covered by the letters in the box, Bureau subject classification code(s) for each letter, date of the letter, return address (city and state), and gender of the letter's author. Also included are the name of the Children's Bureau staff member who wrote the reply, the date of the reply, and the text of the reply itself. The Angelo Patri data include the text of advice-seeking letters from both fathers and mothers and Patri's replies to them, as well as Patri's newspaper columns and scripts from his radio show. The Patri letters were primarily written between 1924 and 1939. Other information in each Patri data file includes the location of the document in the Library of Congress (box number and date), date of the letter, return address (city and state), gender of the author of the letter, and date of the reply.

Curated

Collective Memory in Lithuania, 1989 (ICPSR 9960)

Released/updated on: 2009-07-21

Geographic coverage: Lithuania, Global

Time period: 1989-01-01--1989-12-31

These data are part of a larger survey conducted by the Public Opinion Research Center of the Institute of Philosophy, Sociology, and Law, Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. Those surveyed were asked to answer two open-ended questions, previously used in the United States in 1985 (INTERSECTION OF PERSONAL AND NATIONAL HISTORY, 1985: [UNITED STATES] [ICPSR 9257]), that elicited responses on which national and world events or changes occurring during the past 60 years were especially important to the respondent. Respondents whose mother tongue was Lithuanian were given the questionnaire in the Lithuanian language. Others, mainly Russians, were given the questionnaire in Russian. Demographic data include ethnic identity, age, education, and gender.

Curated

Great Plains Population and Environment Data: Social and Demographic Data, 1870-2000 [United States] (ICPSR 4296)

Released/updated on: 2007-02-07

Geographic coverage: Montana, United States, Wyoming, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, South Dakota, Kansas, North Dakota, Nebraska

Time period: 1870-01-01--2000-12-31

The social and demographic data included in this collection consist of a single data file for each decennial year between 1870 and 2000, covering 10 of the 12 Great Plains states. Information on a variety of social and demographic topics was gathered to historically characterize populations living in counties within the United States Great Plains, in terms of: (1) urban, rural, and total population, (2) vital statistics, (3) net migration, (4) age and sex, (5) nativity and ancestry, (6) education and literacy, (7) religion, (8) industry, and (9) housing and other characteristics. These data include selected material compiled as part of the United States population census. The United States Census of Population and Housing has been conducted since 1790 on a regular schedule that is decennial. The county-level social and demographic data produced by the United States government as a result constitute a consistent series of measures capturing changes in the United States population's size, composition, and other characteristics. A subset of the variables available from the short and long-form survey questionnaires of the United States Census of Population and Housing (as compiled for counties) were extracted from previously existing digital files. Besides the decennial census of the population, county-level data were drawn from an assortment of existing digital files as well as sources that were manually digitized. Other data include compilations of county-level information gathered from various federal agencies and private organizations as well as the agriculture and economic censuses. Supplementing these compilations are manually digitized consumer market data, religious data, and vital statistics, including information about births, deaths, marriage, and divorce.

Curated

Aging of Veterans of the Union Army: United States Federal Census Records, 1850, 1860, 1900, 1910 (ICPSR 6836)

Released/updated on: 2006-06-13

Geographic coverage: Vermont, Indiana, United States, Maine, West Virginia, Massachusetts, Missouri, Wisconsin, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Minnesota, California, Kansas, Delaware, New York (state), New Jersey, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Iowa, New Mexico, Illinois, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Ohio, Maryland

Time period: 1850-01-01--1850-12-31, 1860-01-01--1860-12-31, 1900-01-01--1900-12-31, 1910-01-01--1910-12-31

Curated

Aging of Veterans of the Union Army: Military, Pension, and Medical Records, 1820-1940 (ICPSR 6837)

Released/updated on: 2006-06-05

Time period: 1820-01-01--1940-12-31

This data collection constitutes a portion of the historical data collected by the project "Early Indicators of Later Work Levels, Disease, and Death." With the goal of constructing datasets suitable for longitudinal analyses of factors affecting the aging process, the project is collecting military, medical, and socioeconomical data on a sample of white males mustered into the Union Army during the Civil War. The project seeks to examine the influence of environmental and host factors prior to recruitment on the health performance and survival of recruits during military service, to identify and show relationships between socioeconomic and biomedical conditions (including nutritional status) of veterans at early ages and mortality rates from diseases at middle and late ages, and to study the effects of health and pensions on labor force participation rates of veterans at ages 65 and over. This installment of the collection, Version M-5, supersedes any previous version of these data. Collected in this version are data from military service, pension, and medical records of veterans who were originally mustered into the Union Army in California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin regiments. Also included are data from a 20-company pilot sample and information on recruits whose pension records were stored at the Veterans Administration (VA) Archives in Washington, DC, but had not been collected previously. Data include date and place of birth, place of residence, marital status, number of children, occupation, wealth and income, muster place and date, length of service, battles fought, medical experiences (e.g., illness, wounds, and hospital stays), health status, pension information, and date, place, and cause of death. Additional variables provide the place and date of birth of the recruits' wives, children, and parents. The data are organized into three sections according to state of enlistment. Section 1 (Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4) contains data from New England, Kansas, Missouri, Minnesota, Iowa, New Jersey, Indiana, Wisconsin, California, New Mexico, and the 20-company pilot sample. Section 2 (Parts 5, 6, 7, and 8) contains data from New York, Michigan, Washington, DC, Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and West Virginia, along with pensions data from the VA Archives. Section 3 (Parts 9, 10, 11, and 12) contains data from Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Illinois. The variables in Part 13, Linkage Data, indicate which major document sources were located for each recruit. Also, provided is information regarding death dates (Part 14) for individuals whose death records came from the pension payout cards. Approximate date of death was determined by examining the last record of payment to the pensioner.

Curated

Homicides in New York City, 1797-1999 [And Various Historical Comparison Sites] (ICPSR 3226)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-30

Geographic coverage: New York City, Canada, United States, England, New York (state), Global

Time period: 1797-01-01--1999-12-31

There has been little research on United States homicide rates from a long-term perspective, primarily because there has been no consistent data series on a particular place preceding the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), which began its first full year in 1931. To fill this research gap, this project created a data series on homicides per capita for New York City that spans two centuries. The goal was to create a site-specific, individual-based data series that could be used to examine major social shifts related to homicide, such as mass immigration, urban growth, war, demographic changes, and changes in laws. Data were also gathered on various other sites, particularly in England, to allow for comparisons on important issues, such as the post-World War II wave of violence. The basic approach to the data collection was to obtain the best possible estimate of annual counts and the most complete information on individual homicides. The annual count data (Parts 1 and 3) were derived from multiple sources, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports and Supplementary Homicide Reports, as well as other official counts from the New York City Police Department and the City Inspector in the early 19th century. The data include a combined count of murder and manslaughter because charge bargaining often blurs this legal distinction. The individual-level data (Part 2) were drawn from coroners' indictments held by the New York City Municipal Archives, and from daily newspapers. Duplication was avoided by keeping a record for each victim. The estimation technique known as "capture-recapture" was used to estimate homicides not listed in either source. Part 1 variables include counts of New York City homicides, arrests, and convictions, as well as the homicide rate, race or ethnicity and gender of victims, type of weapon used, and source of data. Part 2 includes the date of the murder, the age, sex, and race of the offender and victim, and whether the case led to an arrest, trial, conviction, execution, or pardon. Part 3 contains annual homicide counts and rates for various comparison sites including Liverpool, London, Kent, Canada, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Seattle, and San Francisco.

Curated

United States Supreme Court Judicial Database, Phase II: 1953-1993 (ICPSR 6987)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-30

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1953-01-01--1993-12-31

The purpose of this data collection was to record information about the cases, litigants, amicus participants, and the opinions decided by the Supreme Court under the tenure of Chief Justices Earl Warren (1953-1969) and Warren Burger (1969-1986) and others through 1993. The approach of this study was to proceed deductively, rather than seek to infer values of a particular group of justices. This method allows the investigation of value conflicts that are not litigated, as well as the value conflicts represented in Supreme Court opinions. Opinions are coded on the basis of their literal content, and the data are organized around the opinions. There are eight types of opinions. Within each type, up to six topics are coded, and within each topic, up to two values are coded. There are three integrated parts to this study, each of which can be linked to the other files by specific variables. Part 1, Supreme Court Database, contains basic case attributes from UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT JUDICIAL DATABASE, 1953-1993 TERMS (ICPSR 9422) and the opinions given in the cases. Part 2, Briefs, gives information on the filers and co-filers for cases in which amicus curie briefs were filed. Part 3, Groups, lists the litigants' names. The distinct aspects of the Court's decisions are covered by six types of variables in Part 1: (1) identification variables including case citation, docket number, unit of analysis, and number of records per unit of analysis, (2) background variables offering information on origin of case, source of case, reason for granting cert, parties to the case, direction of the lower court's decision, and manner in which the Court takes jurisdiction, (3) chronological variables covering date of term of court, chief justice, and natural court, (4) substantive variables including multiple legal provisions, authority for decision, issue, issue areas, and direction of decision, (5) outcome variables supplying information on form of decision, disposition of case, winning party, declaration of unconstitutionality, and multiple memorandum decisions, and (6) voting and opinion variables pertaining to the vote in the case and to the direction of the individual justices' votes.

Curated

Historians and the Meiji Statesmen (ICPSR 7653)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: Japan, Global

This data collection contains survey information for 127 historians in Japan and 14 historians in England and the United States on their assessments of 40 Meiji statesmen active in the Meiji period in Japan (1868-1912). Part 1 contains data collected from the Japanese respondents, including their rankings of the statesmen on a five-point interval scale (from most important, most influential, to least important, least influential) and a cumulative ranking on a ten-point interval scale. Part 1 also includes biographical information about the interview respondents, i.e., birthplace, year of birth, university of graduation, and field of study. Part 2 contains data collected from the English and American respondents, including their rankings of the Meiji statesmen on the five-point interval scale. For a list of the 40 Meiji statesmen, details of the five ranks, and a description of the criteria for the ten-point interval scale, see Appendices C and D, and Table 16 in Chang, Richard. HISTORIANS AND MEIJI STATESMEN. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press, 1970. For a related data collection, see HISTORIANS AND THE TAISHO STATESMEN (ICPSR 7608).

Curated

Adjustments to Resource Depletion: The Case of American Agriculture -- Kansas, 1874-1936 (ICPSR 7594)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States, Kansas

Time period: 1874-01-01--1936-12-31

This data collection contains time series data on a selected set of agricultural variables for 105 Kansas counties over the period 1874-1936. The study, part of a larger research project on American agriculture funded by the National Science Foundation, was prepared at Yale University as Version 2 of KANATICS (a Kansas Agricultural Time Series/Cross Section), which extends and corrects the first version, a 1977 working paper. The series data in Part 1 are an exact representation of the data found in various quarterly, annual, and biennial reports of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture. Data include information on acreage sown, number of bushels and value of different field crops harvested, and number and value of livestock. Part 2 contains consolidated and manipulated series data, including manipulations of the series in Part 1, e.g., the value per bushel of various field crops, adjusted total cultivated acres, adjusted field crop income, and prices per animal.

Curated

Voting Scores for Members of the United States Congress, 1945-1982 (ICPSR 7645)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1945-01-01--1982-12-31

This data collection contains voting scores taken from the CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY ALMANAC, a publication of Congressional Quarterly, Inc. (CQ) for the years 1945 to 1982 (79th-97th Congresses). Part 1 contains voting scores for members of the United States Senate, and Part 2 contains such scores for the members of the United States House of Representatives. In both parts, the unit of analysis is the individual member of Congress. The identification variables in each file include member name, member's state, and member's party. In most instances a set of scores is presented for each member of Congress, for each session of the Congress, and for the Congress as a whole (both sessions). For the 96th and 97th Congresses (1979-1980, 1981-1982) scores for both sessions combined are not provided. The major types of CQ voting scores in the data collection are: (1) "voting participation score," indicating member's attendance (not to be confused with the CQ "on the record" score which shows how often the member has taken a stand on all issues), (2) "partisan voting score," calculated on a subset of the total roll calls that CQ designated as "party unity" roll calls, e.g., roll calls in which a majority of voting Democrats opposed a majority of voting Republicans (with exceptions in the 83rd and 88th Congresses when a "party voting" score was released), (3) "bipartisan voting score," consistently figured by CQ on a subset of the total bipartisan roll calls, i.e., those in which a majority of Democrats and a majority of Republicans voted the same way (until 1978 when the score was no longer reported), (4)"conservative coalition score," based on a subset of roll calls in which a majority of voting Southern Democrats and a majority of voting Republicans opposed the position of a majority of voting Northern Democrats, (5) "presidential issues score," which rates members on those roll calls dealing with issues on which the president has clearly and previously stated a personal position (from 1955 to 1970, this score was further subdivided into support scores for foreign and for domestic policies of the president), (6) "federal role score," which gauges the Congressperson's support and opposition of moves for a larger or smaller federal role (in earlier Congresses, CQ used a similar process to figure "economy support," opposition scores that were designed to represent a member's position on moves to limit or increase federal spending), and (7) a set of interest group scores taken from the CQ WEEKLY REPORTS and added to the two data files (for the years 1960 to 1982) that score each Congressperson's support of interest groups, i.e., Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), the Americans for Constitutional Action (ACA), the Committee on Political Education (COPE), and the National Farmers Union (NFU). Interest group ratings are included only for each session, not for the entire Congresses. (Beginning with the 1978 session, NFU rating scores were no longer included.)

Curated

State-Level Congressional, Gubernatorial and Senatorial Election Data for the United States, 1824-1972 (ICPSR 75)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1824-01-01--1972-12-31

This study contains raw and percentagized returns for all regular congressional, gubernatorial, and senatorial elections in the United States from 1824-1972. Data are provided for the number of votes cast for the major parties, including the Democratic party, the Old Republican party, the National Republican party, the Whig party, the Liberal party, and the Socialist party, and for parties whose candidates received 5 percent or more of the statewide total vote, the percentages of the votes cast for the same parties, and the estimates of voter turnout in these Congressional elections. Additional variables provide percentagized total number of citizens, Blacks, foreign-born aliens, and white aliens aged 21 and older. All data are aggregated to the state level.

Curated

Inheritance Patterns in the United States, 1685-1980 (ICPSR 9443)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1685-01-01--1980-12-31

This data collection was designed to study changes in American inheritance patterns over three centuries. Major areas of investigation include equality of treatment among children, legacies to sons versus daughters, estate planning strategies, treatment of spouse in will, women's testamentary power, charitable bequests, bequests to extended kin and non-kin, legacies of chattel, realty, and financial assets, and the naming of executors and guardians.

Curated

Violent Events in France, 1830-1860 and 1930-1960 (ICPSR 9080)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: France, Global

This data collection was constructed as part of an ongoing research project aimed at examining and reformulating alternative explanations of conflict in France during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Information is supplied on the characteristics of each set of participants in a violent event ("formation"), including demographic, occupational, and political variables, and on the characteristics of the event as a whole. The magnitude of each disturbance is described by information on the number of participants, the number of man-days expended, and the number of participants killed, wounded, or arrested, as well as the form and extent of violence, property damage, and the immediate consequences of the violent event. Included also are descriptive data specifying the date, duration, location, and proximate causes of each event, and the major divisions separating its antagonists. In addition, the data collection identifies the sources reporting each event and cites key descriptive words used in the accounts of the incident.

Curated

Diplomatic Exchange Data, 1815-1970 (ICPSR 5026)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: Global

Time period: 1815-01-01--1970-12-31

This data collection comprises two of four companion datasets produced by the Correlates of War Project at the University of Michigan. It provides coded information for the presence or absence at five-year intervals of a diplomatic mission from every other member in the international system.

Curated

Historical, Demographic, Economic, and Social Data: The United States, 1790-1970 (ICPSR 3)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-22

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1790-01-01--1970-12-31

Detailed county and state-level ecological or descriptive data for the United States for the years 1790 to 1970 are contained in this collection. These data files contain extensive information about the social and political character of the United States, including a breakdown of population by state, race, nationality, number of families, size of the family, births, deaths, marriages, occupation, religion, and general economic conditions. Though not complete over the full time span of this study, statistics are available on such diverse subjects as total numbers of newspapers and periodicals, total capital invested in manufacturing, total numbers of educational institutions, total number of churches, taxation by state, and land surface area in square miles.

Curated

Detroit Area Study, 1991: Collective Memories (ICPSR 2160)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: Detroit, United States, Michigan

Time period: 1991-01-01--1991-12-31

For this survey, respondents were asked to consider key historical national and world events since 1930 and to describe the impact of these events upon their lives and why these events seemed especially important. The list of events respondents were queried about included the invention of the television, the decline of communism in eastern Europe, the Korean War, the Great Depression, the civil rights movement, the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, space exploration, terrorism and hostage-taking, and the threat of nuclear war. Those queried were also asked about events or changes that were especially poignant to them and whether they kept memorabilia from the past, such as items from World War II, the Holocaust, or the Vietnam War. Specific questions on the events of World War II were included in the survey. Respondents also answered questions regarding events or changes related to their own interests, such as religion, sports, music, television, and films. Background information includes religion, marital status, education, employment, political orientation, and income.

Curated

United States Supreme Court Judicial Database, 1953-1997 Terms (ICPSR 9422)

Released/updated on: 2005-11-04

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1953-01-01--1997-12-31

This data collection encompasses all aspects of United States Supreme Court decision-making from the beginning of the Warren Court in 1953 to the completion of the most recent term of the Rehnquist Court. In this collection, distinct aspects of the Court's decisions are covered by six types of variables: (1) identification variables including citations and docket numbers, (2) background variables offering information on how the Court took jurisdiction, origin and source of case, and the reason the Court granted cert, (3) chronological variables covering date of decision, Court term, and natural court, (4) substantive variables including legal provisions, issues, and direction of decision, (5) outcome variables supplying information on disposition of case, winning party, formal alteration of precedent, and declaration of unconstitutionality, and (6) voting and opinion variables pertaining to how individual justices voted, their opinions and interagreements, and the direction of their votes.

Curated

Expanded United States Supreme Court Judicial Database, 1946-1968 Terms (ICPSR 6557)

Released/updated on: 2005-11-04

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1946-01-01--1968-12-31

This data collection is an expanded version of UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT JUDICIAL DATABASE, 1953-1996 TERMS (ICPSR 9422), encompassing all aspects of United States Supreme Court decision-making from the beginning of the Vinson Court in 1946 to the end of the Warren Court in 1968. Two major differences distinguish the expanded version of the database from the original collection: the addition of data on the decisions of the Vinson Court, and the inclusion of the conference votes of the Vinson and Warren courts. Whereas the original collection contained only the vote as reported in the UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT REPORTS, the expanded database includes all votes cast in conference. Concomitant with the expansion of the database is a shift in its basic unit of analysis. The original collection contained every case in which at least one justice wrote an opinion, and cases without opinions were excluded. This version includes every case in which the Court cast a conference vote, with and without opinions. The justices cast many more votes than they wrote opinions, and hence, the number of Warren Court records in this version increased by more than a factor of two over the original version. As in the original collection, distinct aspects of the Court's decisions are covered by six types of variables: (1) identification variables including case citation, docket number, unit of analysis, and number of records per unit of analysis, (2) background variables offering information on origin of case, source of case, reason for granting cert, parties to the case, direction of the lower court's decision, and manner in which the Court takes jurisdiction, (3) chronological variables covering date of term of court, chief justice, and natural court, (4) substantive variables including multiple legal provisions, authority for decision, issue, issue areas, and direction of decision, (5) outcome variables supplying information on form of decision, disposition of case, winning party, declaration of unconstitutionality, and multiple memorandum decisions, and (6) voting and opinion variables pertaining to the vote in the case and to the direction of the individual justices' votes.

Curated

Great Plains Population and Environment Data: Agricultural Data, 1870-1997 [United States] (ICPSR 4254)

Released/updated on: 2005-06-22

Geographic coverage: Montana, United States, Wyoming, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, North Dakota

Time period: 1870-01-01--1997-12-31

The data in this series of studies were assembled by an interdisciplinary research team led by Myron Gutmann of the University of Michigan between 1995 and 2004, as part of a research project funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (Grant Number R01HD033554 to the University of Michigan). The goal of the project was to amass information about approximately 500 counties in 12 states of the Great Plains of the United States, and then to analyze those data in order to understand the relationships between population and environment that existed between the years of about 1870 and 2000. The data distributed here are all data about counties. They fall into four broad categories: about the counties, about agriculture, about demographic and social conditions, and about the environment. The information about counties (name, area, identification code, and whether the project classified the county as part of the Great Plains in a given year) is embedded in each of the other data files, so that there will be three series of data (agriculture, demographic and social conditions, and environment), containing individual data files for each year for which data are available. The United States Census of Agriculture has been conducted since 1850 on a regular schedule that was decennial until 1920, and more frequently thereafter (every five years from 1925 to 1950, then in 1954, 1959, 1964, 1978, and every five years since 1982). The agricultural data included in this collection consist of a single data file for each agricultural census year between 1870 and 1997 that includes selected material compiled as part of the United States Agricultural Census. The county-level agricultural data produced by the United States government as part of the census constitute a consistent series of measures of changing agriculture and land use.

Curated

Cost of Living Index for the American States, 1960-2003 (ICPSR 1275)

Released/updated on: 2005-03-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1960-01-01--2003-12-31

The authors constructed a state cost of living index for the 48 continental United States, measured annually for the period 1960 through 2003 (to update an index for 1960-1995 introduced in the authors' May 2000 Journal of Politics article).

Curated

Collective Knowledge Survey [Russia], 1994 (ICPSR 2882)

Released/updated on: 2000-04-18

Geographic coverage: Global, Russia

Time period: 1994-03-01--1994-04-30

These data explore the knowledge of adult Russians, residing west of the Ural mountains, about a set of events that occurred during the six decades between the Great Purge (1930s) and the beginning of glasnost (1980s). Through face-to-face interviews, respondents were asked about 11 concepts/events from the Soviet period in terms of whether they had heard of the events and, if so, what they referred to. The concepts/events included Yezhovshchina, the Doctors' Plot, the Virgin Lands Campaign, the Twentieth Congress of the CPSU, Laika, the Caribbean Crisis/Cuban Missile Crisis, "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovic", Prague Spring, Katya Lycheva, "Repentance", and "Little Vera". Background information on respondents includes age, sex, education, nationality/ethnicity, languages spoken, household income, region of residence, and political party affiliation.

Curated

Roster of United States Congressional Officeholders and Biographical Characteristics of Members of the United States Congress, 1789-1996: Merged Data (ICPSR 7803)

Released/updated on: 1997-07-29

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1789-03-04--1996-11-27

This dataset contains variables describing congressional service and selected biographical characteristics for each person who has served in the United States Congress. This release of the data includes members of the 104th Congress. Approximately 11,455 individuals are represented in this file, each identified by a unique five-digit identification number. A data record exists for every Congress in which an individual served, as well as for each chamber in which a person may have served in a given Congress. To illustrate, a member of the House of Representatives who is appointed to fill a vacancy in the Senate during a term of service will have two data records for that Congress. The congressional service variables include political party affiliation, district, state and region represented, and exact and cumulative dates of service in each Congress and each chamber, as well as total congressional service. The biographical variables cover state and region of birth, education, military service, occupation, other political offices held, relatives who also have held congressional office, reason for leaving each Congress, and occupation and political offices held subsequent to service in Congress. Many of these specific variables are summarized in a collapsed variable.

Curated

Referenda and Primary Election Materials (ICPSR 6)

Released/updated on: 1995-06-05

Geographic coverage: North Carolina, Indiana, Wyoming, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Kentucky, California, Kansas, Florida, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Mississippi, Iowa, Illinois, Texas, Connecticut, Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, Idaho, Oregon, Vermont, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Maine, Alabama, Arkansas, Washington, South Carolina, Nebraska, West Virginia, Massachusetts, Colorado, Missouri, Alaska, North Dakota, Wisconsin, Nevada, New York, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Hawaii, Minnesota, New Jersey, Michigan, New Mexico, New Hampshire, Louisiana, Ohio

This data collection contains election returns at the county and state levels from the mid-nineteenth century to the late twentieth century for primary and general elections on statewide referenda, constitutional amendments, state House/Senate joint resolutions, and initiated measures. The ballot language of each measure is also included. County-level returns for most gubernatorial, senatorial, and congressional primary elections from 1910 to the present are documented as well.

Curated

National Material Capabilities Data, 1816-1985 (ICPSR 9903)

Released/updated on: 1993-04-09

Geographic coverage: Global

Time period: 1816-01-01--1985-12-31

This collection contains demographic, military, and industrial indicators for each international system member for the years 1816-1985. There are two identification variables and seven substantive variables, which include urban and total populations, military expenditure, military personnel, iron and steel production, and energy consumption. Each system member is also coded as a major or minor power for each year.

Curated

Farm Real Estate Values in the United States, 1850-1959 (ICPSR 9)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1850-01-01--1959-12-31

This data collection contains information on the average monetary value per acre of farm lands and buildings for each county in the United States in the period 1850-1959.

Curated

Annual Time Series Statistics for the United States, 1929-1968 (ICPSR 27)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1929-01-01--1968-12-31

This study is a 40-year time series of social, economic, and political indicators at the national level for the United States in the period 1929-1968. The variables include data on expenditures from the federal budget by various departments, agencies, and commissions, the number of employees in the various United States departments, measures of the political characteristics of the United States Congress, such as the number of Repuplicans, Democrats, and "other" party members in the United States Senate and in the House of Representatives, business and consumer expenditures, and attributes of the population. Data are also provided on the number per 1,000 of immigrants to the United States, membership of all the religious bodies in the United States, labor union membership, total households in the United States, total civilian labor force, and the number of the unemployed. Demographic variables provide information on education, births, and death rates. The unit of analysis is the year. Variables 2-281 cover the period from 1929-1968 and Variables 282-408 cover only the period from 1947-1968.

Curated

Disturbances in France, 1830-1860 and 1930-1960: Intensive Sample (ICPSR 51)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: France

This detailed study of 578 disturbances in France in the period 1830-1860 and 1930-1960 provides information on the geographic, economic, political, demographic, and historical background for each of the communes involved in the disturbances. Data for the formations, a collective of forces comprising of at least 50 persons in each collective, provide information on their social, economic, and political background, population characteristics, type of formation, age-sex distribution of the formations, and the political party affiliation of its members. The antecedent history of the disturbances is also given, including public memory of previous conflicts, forms of and responses to violence, interactions with other formations, character and clarity of objectives, and extent of territory controlled. Data on the organization of each formation is provided for the leadership, coordination, segmentation, stratification, and differentiation of the formation, as well as the extent of participation in man-days, and the numbers of participants in the disturbances arrested, killed, or wounded. Information is also provided on the outcome of the disturbance and changes resulting from participation in the disturbances. Additional variables provide detailed descriptions of the magnitude, duration, objectives, and immediate consequences of the disturbances. Variables also describe the newspaper, archival, and secondary sources used in the coding of the data collection.

Curated

Diffusion of Public Policy Innovation Among the American States (ICPSR 66)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: North Carolina, Indiana, Wyoming, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Kentucky, California, Kansas, Florida, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Mississippi, Iowa, Illinois, Texas, Connecticut, Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, Idaho, Oregon, Vermont, United States, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Maine, Alabama, Arkansas, Washington, South Carolina, Nebraska, West Virginia, Massachusetts, Colorado, Missouri, North Dakota, Wisconsin, Nevada, District of Columbia, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Minnesota, New York (state), New Jersey, Michigan, New Mexico, New Hampshire, Louisiana, Ohio

This study contains data on the diffusion of innovative legislation and public programs among the 48 continental states of the United States during the 19th and 20th centuries. Information is provided for the year in which each state initiated each of 85 innovative programs and for the date when the state became a territory. Variables provide information on the programs enacted and on the innovative score, which was calculated for each state on each issue. Based on the number of years that elapsed between the first and the last legislative enactment of a program, each state received a score corresponding to the percentage of time that elapsed between the first adoption of the program and the state's own acceptance of the program.

Curated

Political Violence in the United States, 1819-1968 (ICPSR 80)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1819-01-01--1968-12-31

The data contained in this study deal with incidents of political and social violence in the United States from 1819 to 1968. Three indices of political violence used are the number of violent events, the number of deaths resulting from the events, and the number of injuries resulting from the events. Data are provided on the date of the violent event, nature of the target, number of attackers, level of violence by individual attacker and by a group of attackers, respectively, motivation or reason for the attack, numbers of deaths and injuries to targeted individuals and to attackers, type of attacker, property damage, and number of pages in newspaper issue devoted to the event. The data were originally collected in connection with the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence (established in 1968).

Curated

Time Series Data for Chicago, 1840-1973 (ICPSR 7389)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Illinois

Time period: 1840-01-01--1973-12-31

This study presents time-series demographic, economic, and political data for Chicago, covering each year from 1840 to 1973. Included are election returns, indicators of ethnic and racial composition of the city, political structure, municipal court operations, judicial recruitment, police activities, and selected municipal expenditures. Economic variables measure employment, unemployment, and manufacturing activities. National and local election returns and data on ethnic composition are also provided for individual city wards for each decade between 1890 and 1970.

Curated

Nations in Conflict: Data on National Growth and International Violence for Six European Major Powers, 1870-1914 (ICPSR 7425)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: Great Britain, Austria, Hungary, Europe, Italy, France, Germany, Global, Russia

Time period: 1870-01-01--1914-12-31

This study includes data collected to investigate the dynamics of conflict and warfare and the role played by national growth and expansion in these processes. Annual aggregate data were compiled for the period 1870-1914 on Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, and Austria-Hungary in eight categories: national size, colonial size, economic and productivity profile, commercial activity, government budget, alliances, violence, and conflicts of interest. Data in the first six categories were gathered from yearbooks and other historical sources. One of the alliance measures, adversary relationship, is a dummy variable indicating if a state was aligned or not. Variables in the last two categories are derived by subjective scaling procedures. The data are structured around individual years as units of analysis.

Curated

Socioeconomic indicators for Functional Urban Regions in the United States, 1820-1970 (ICPSR 7509)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1820-01-01--1970-12-31

This study provides social, demographic, and economic data on the United States population compiled from ICPSR holdings of county-level census materials and enhanced with information obtained from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the United States Department of Commerce. County-level socioeconomic indicators were aggregated and reported for 171 functional urban regions encompassing the entire contiguous United States. These regions, established in the early 1960s by BEA, comprise whole counties surrounding a central Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area node that served as a recipient location of work commuting or a center of newspaper circulation, wholesale trade, or banking transactions. Total population counts, proportions of adults, males, African-Americans, and foreign-born, measures of population change, number of persons per household, and per capita values of manufactured and farm products are listed for census years between 1820-1970. For some years, data on per capita income were obtained from BEA publications. The study also includes derived measures computed by the principal investigators, such as logarithmic values of population totals, Z-scores of most of the basic indicators, and measures of decadal population growth for each region normalized by the rate of population growth for the nation as a whole. A description of the methods employed in computing these variables, as well as a report of the initial analysis using these data, is found in Sam Bass Warner, Jr. and Sylvia Fleisch, "The Past of Today's Present: A Social History of America's Metropolises, 1960-1860," JOURNAL OF URBAN HISTORY 3,1 (November 1976), 3-118.

Curated

Internal Colonialism Study: National Integration in the British Isles, 1851-1966 (ICPSR 7533)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: Great Britain, Ireland, Wales, England, United Kingdom, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Global

Time period: 1851-01-01--1966-12-31

This dataset contains census, election, and vital statistics data for 118 British and Irish counties for the period 1851 to 1966. The information was collected for use in a study of regional integration and development in Great Britain in the 19th and 20th centuries. Included are population indicators for each of the counties recorded at 11 points in time during the 115-year span (i.e., 1851, 1861, 1871, 1881, 1891, 1901, 1911, 1921, 1931, 1951, and 1961). Specific information includes indicators of population density and change, ethnic composition, proportion of election votes for Labour, Conservative, Liberal, and various nationalist parties, and proportion of population employed in areas such as agriculture, manufacturing, civil service, and (female) domestic work. Other data include number of Celtic speakers, literacy, religiosity, nativity (i.e., English-, Welsh-, Scottish-, Irish-, and French-born), sex ratio (female to male), birth rates, infant mortality rates, marriage rates, per capita income, and proportion of middle class.

Curated

Historians and the Taisho Statesmen (ICPSR 7608)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: Global

This data collection contains data from questionnaire sent to 68 historians in Japan for their assessments of 18 statesmen active during the Taisho period in Japan (1912-1926). The data include biographical information on the respondents, such as birthplace, year of birth, Marxist or non-Marxist affiliation, university of graduation, status (e.g., professor, assistant professor, or doctoral candidate), faculty (discipline), and academic specialization. The file also includes the historians' assessments of the Taisho statesmen on an interval scale of five, from most important, most influential to least important, least influential. For a related data collection, see HISTORIANS AND THE MEIJI STATESMEN (ICPSR 7653)

Curated

Polity Data: Persistence and Change in Political Systems, 1800-1971 (ICPSR 5010)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: Benin, Papua New Guinea, Angola, Cambodia, Sudan, Paraguay, Kazakhstan, Portugal, Syria, North Korea, Greece, Latvia, Morocco, Iran, Mali, Panama, Guatemala, Iraq, Chile, Nepal, Argentina, Georgia (Republic), Ukraine, Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana, Northern Ireland, India, Canada, Turkey, Belgium, Taiwan, Finland, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Turkmenistan, Germany, Yemen, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), Puerto Rico, Hong Kong, United States, Guinea, China (Peoples Republic), Chad, Somalia, Madagascar, Ivory Coast, Thailand, Libya, Costa Rica, Sweden, Malawi, Poland, Kuwait, Jordan, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, United Kingdom, Kenya, Switzerland, Spain, French Polynesia, Lebanon, Liberia, Cuba, Venezuela, Czech Republic, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Israel, Australia, Soviet Union, Tajikistan, Estonia, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Northern Mariana Islands, Malaysia, Iceland, Global, Gabon, South Korea, Austria, Yugoslavia, Mozambique, El Salvador, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Slovenia, Ecuador, Colombia, Hungary, Japan, Prussia, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Italy, Honduras, Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Singapore, French Guiana, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Vatican City, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Ireland, Slovakia, France, Lithuania, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Togo, Niger, Philippines, Rwanda, Uzbekistan, Nicaragua, Norway, Democratic Republic of Congo, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Indonesia

Time period: 1800-01-01--1971-12-31

This data collection consists of coded descriptions of the political structures of 144 countries worldwide (428 polities) in the period 1800-1971. One of four distinct but related datasets developed by Robert Gurr and his associates at Princeton University and Northwestern University to test hypotheses about the causes of conflict within contemporary nations and the correlates of institutional change, this study probes why some political institutions perform well and persist in response to challenges and crises while others change abruptly. Operational conceptualization of the study is provided with the description of salient characteristics of political systems in terms of the dimensions of authority patterns. Included are indicators of dimensions of authority, such as the openness of recruitment, decision constraints, participation, directiveness, and complexity, the degree to which each polity was autocratic, democratic, and anocratic, and the dichotomous indicator of coherence of a polity as consistently democratic. Additional data provide information on the circumstances of the birth and death of a polity, including the character of the polity and reasons for its termination. Three related studies focus on civil conflicts in polities: CONFLICT AND SOCIETY (ICPSR 7452), CIVIL STRIFE EVENTS, 1955-1970 (ICPSR 7531), and CIVIL STRIFE CONFLICT MAGNITUDES, 1955-1970 (ICPSR 7485).

Curated

British Speeches, 1870-1914, and German Speeches, 1871-1912 (ICPSR 5902)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: Great Britain, Germany, Global

Time period: 1870-01-01--1914-12-31, 1871-01-01--1912-12-31

This textual data collection contains computer-readable texts of speeches in the British Parliament and in the German Reichstag in the period 1870-1914 and 1871-1921, respectively, to enable content analysis. Also included are two British equivalence files. The first equivalence file, British Speech Full Equivalence Deck, includes (a) geographic equivalences, (b) General Inquirer political dictionary, and (c) words from the British text equivalence under either (a) or (b). The second equivalence file, British Speech Equivalence Deck, Geographic Only, is a shortened version of the first equivalence file with about one hundred keywords in three dimensions: geographic, affect, and strength. A computer analysis program called DICTION is available for use with these texts.

Curated

Social Indicators Time Series Archive for the United States, 1946-1980 (ICPSR 7932)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: United States

This collection contains time series data, spanning 35 years, on general social indicators. The file includes data on vital statistics, population, the labor force, health, education, and leisure activities. Variables on vital statistics cover birth and death rates and life expectancy. Variables on population cover marriage, divorce, and age by sex. Labor force data contain information on employment and unemployment, percentages of the population employed in certain occupations, labor turnover, and family income. Health-related data include hospital and doctor visits, prescription costs, and nursing home expenses. Education data cover degrees conferred, educational attainment rates, and number of children enrolled in kindergarten and primary and secondary schools. Data on leisure activities cover sporting event attendance, automobile ownership, and utility consumption. Most of the data are reported on an annual basis extending from 1946 through 1980. Some data, such as the education data, are based on a less frequent observation cycle, and other data, such as health data, do not extend back to 1946. The study consists of a documentation file and a data file. The documentation contains a list of the variables, an alphabetized listing of the variables, and SPSS descriptives. The data file contains both the SPSS control cards and the data.

Curated

French Legislators, 1871-1940: Biographical Data (ICPSR 9050)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: France, Global

Time period: 1871-01-01--1940-12-31

This collection contains biographical data for all members of the French Chamber of Deputies and Senate who were elected to any of the legislatures from 1871 to 1940. Data were collected by the principal investigator using the following sources: (1) Robert Adolphe and Gaston Cougny, DICTIONNAIRE DES PARLEMENTAIRES FRANCAIS, (2) Jean Jolly, DICTIONNAIRE DES PARLEMENTAIRES FRANCAIS, (3) ANNUAIRE DU PARLEMENT, (4) TABLEAU DES ELECTIONS A LA CHAMBRE DES DEPUTES, and (5) Georges Lachapelle, ELECTIONS LEGISLATIVES DES 26 AVRIL ET 10 MAI 1914. There are 3,963 deputies, 813 senators, and 932 members who served in both chambers, for a total of 5,708 individual records. There are 111 variables per record, covering the legislator's dates of service, family background, age, education, profession, local and/or previous electoral service, party and political affiliation, successful and unsuccessful campaigns, and department represented.