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Eurobarometer 73.1: The European Parliament, Biotechnology, and Science and Technology, January-February 2010 (ICPSR 31483)
Released/updated on: 2013-02-14
Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Iceland, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Spain, Czech Republic, Turkey, Belgium, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia
Time period: 2010-01-29--2010-02-25
The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.
This round of Eurobarometer surveys covers: (1) knowledge, opinions of, policies, and values of the European Parliament (EP); (2) biotechnology; (3) science and technology. Technology questions pertain to knowledge, opinions, and effects of genetically modified food, nanotechnology, animal clothing, synthetic biology, and biobanks emerging in the next 20 years, as well as opinions on regenerative medicine, including stem cell research, resistance genes, bio-fuels, and global warming. Other questions address interest in, knowledge of, and engagement with science and technology, collaborative research across Europe funded by the EU, level of EU investment in research, young people's interest in science, and women's representation in scientific professions.
Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, age when stopped full-time education, occupation, left-right political self-placement, political party attachment, household composition, religious affiliation and participation, ownership of a fixed or a mobile telephone and other durable goods, difficulties paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).
Curated
CBS News National Callback Survey, January #2, 2011 (ICPSR 33482)
Released/updated on: 2012-05-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2011-01-01--2011-01-31
This callback poll, fielded January 9-10, 2011, and originally fielded December 17-20, 2010, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicits public opinion on a range of political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way Barack Obama was handling his job as president, whether they expected 2011 to be a better year for them and their families than 2010, whether they thought the United States' influence in the world was increasing or decreasing, and whether they thought that China's growing economy was a major threat to the economic well-being of the United States. Respondents were asked for their opinions on Congress' interest in serving special interest groups, whether they thought that most Americans and Congress debate issues in a more civil manner than 10 years ago, whether members of Congress should be given bodyguards, and whether they thought that the United States has made a lot of progress in solving social problems such as poverty, disease, and lack of education in the past 50 years. Respondents were queried on gun control laws, whether they thought it is ever justifiable to take violent action against the government, the shooting in Tucson, Arizona of Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords by Jared Loughner, to what effect stricter gun control laws would have prevented the violence in Tucson, whether harsh political campaigns had anything to do with the Tucson shooting, whether political views influenced Jared Loughner's shooting, and whether they or anyone in their household owns a firearm. Opinions were solicited on the war in Afghanistan, gay men and lesbians serving openly in the military, gay marriage and civil unions, illegal immigration, abortion, and embryonic stem cell research and funding. Additional topics included respondents' experiences with bullies growing up, miscellaneous holiday information, weight loss, opinions on WikiLeaks, the Royal Wedding, product labels, whether they are paid what they are worth, and Attention-Deficit Disorder. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, marital status, education level, household income, employment status, religious preference, whether respondents considered themselves to be a born-again Christian, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, and voter registration status.
Curated
Cooperative Congressional Election Study, 2006 (ICPSR 30141)
Released/updated on: 2012-03-26
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2006-01-01--2006-12-31
The Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES) focused on the study of how Americans view Congress and hold their representatives accountable during elections. The very large sample for this survey provided the opportunity to study legislative constituencies -- states and congressional districts -- as well as voters within those constituencies, to study very rare or low frequency events or very small populations, and to measure with fairly high accuracy interactions. Respondents of this survey were asked whether they approved of the way George W. Bush was handling his job as president, what they thought was the most important problem facing the country, whether they were satisfied with the way things were going in the country, and their opinions of the condition of the economy in their communities, in their state, and in the United States. Respondents were also asked whether they approved of the way their governor, their United States Senators, and their United States House Representatives were handling their jobs. Information was collected on whether respondents thought their neighborhoods were politically active, whether they were mostly Democrat or Republican, whether the United States was more Democratic or Republican, and whether they were interested in politics and current affairs. Information was collected on which candidate respondents planned on voting for in the races for governor, for United States Senate, and for United States House of Representatives, and which party they wanted to see control the United States Congress. Opinions were solicited on "partial-birth abortion", federal government stem cell research funding, United States troop withdrawal from Iraq, illegal immigration, increasing the minimum wage, cutting taxes on capital gains, a trade agreement that reduces barriers between the United States and Central America, and whether respondents thought their United States Senators voted for or against these issues. Respondents were queried about their voting experience on November 7, 2006, including whether they voted and how they voted, whether they were asked to show identification, how long they had to wait in line, whether there was a problem with their registration, who they voted for, and whether they voted for the Republican or Democratic candidate for various offices on the ballot including Secretary of State and Attorney General. Information was collected on whether respondents were part of any organizations, donated money to any political candidates or political party committees, tried to persuade someone to vote or how to vote, whether they were contacted by a candidate or political party organization to get them to vote, and who they thought would have the most seats after the newly elected United States House of Representatives and the Senate were sworn in. Other topics included same-sex marriage, Social Security, environmental protection, and Affirmative Action. Demographic information collected included race, religious preference, religious attendance, political viewpoints, employment status, home ownership status, household income, political party affiliation, and voter registration status.
Curated
American National Election Studies: Evaluations of Government and Society Study 1 (EGSS 1), 2010-2012 (ICPSR 32701)
Released/updated on: 2012-03-19
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2010-10-01--2010-10-31
The American National Election Studies: Evaluations of Government and Society Study 1 (EGSS 1), 2010-2012, is a series of relatively small, short, cross-sectional studies of the American electorate. Its chief aims are to measure public opinion well in advance of the 2012 election and to pilot test new instrumentation. Survey questions for the EGSS mainly come from the public proposal process on the American National Election Studies Online Commons. Topics include vote choice, Tea Party support, interest in politics, attitudes toward political parties, candidates, and Obama, political participation and knowledge, tax policy, racial attitudes, and the war in Afghanistan. Data collection is on the Internet using nationally representative probability samples. EGSS is not a panel design; different respondents complete each survey. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, education, employment status, occupation, household income, household size, household type, marital status, religious preferences, religiosity, political party affiliation, political philosophy, and whether respondent is a citizen of the United States.
Curated
CBS News/60 Minutes/Vanity Fair National Survey, December 2010 (ICPSR 33204)
Released/updated on: 2012-03-09
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2010-12-01--2010-12-31
This poll, fielded December 17-20, 2010, solicited respondents' opinion on the United States' world influence, their expectations for themselves and their family in 2011, and whether respondents thought the United States will be more respected by other countries by the end of 2011. They were also queried on whether they thought China's growing economy was a major threat to the economy of the United States, whether respondents thought the United States would have gained ground to China's economy by the end of 2011, whether Americans were more interested in what the country could do for them rather what they could do for their country, and whether most members of Congress were more interested in serving the people they represent or in serving special interest groups. Respondents were queried on their impression of the war in Afghanistan, whether the United States was doing the right thing by fighting the war in Afghanistan, and when United States troops should come home from Afghanistan. They were also asked whether they approved of embryonic stem cell research, whether federal spending on medical research using embryonic stem cells should be increased, decreased, or stay the same, whether illegal immigration was a serious problem, and their views on abortion. They were queried on their favorite holiday song, if they planned to make any New Year's resolutions for 2011, whether they thought they would gain or lose weight over the course of the next year, their preferred Sunday activity for 2011, whether they checked the labels of items to see if they are buying American made products, their frequency in checking e-mail, what they thought of their penmanship, and how frequently they wrote by hand. They were asked whether they had or planned to travel for vacation in the upcoming winter season, whether they were planning to travel some place warm or cold, and whether they thought the weather patterns had been normal or unusual the past few years. Respondents were also asked for their opinion of WikiLeaks, their interest in the 2011 royal wedding, whether they are paid what they think they are worth, whether they have Attention Deficient Disorder, and whether they were proud of their life so far. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, education level, household income, marital status, religious preference, employment status, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, and whether respondent is a born again Christian.
Curated
ABC News/Washington Post Poll, April 2007 (ICPSR 24586)
Released/updated on: 2009-05-26
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2007-04-01--2007-04-30
This poll, conducted April 12-15, 2007, is part of a continuing series of monthly polls that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way George W. Bush was handling his job as president, whether they approved of the way Congress and their own representative in the United States House of Representatives were handling their jobs, and to compare how President Bush and the Democrats in Congress were handling issues such as the economy and the United States campaign against terrorism. Opinions were solicited on Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, Majority leader of the Senate Harry Reid, the 2008 potential presidential candidates, and how much progress Congress had made in the three months prior to the poll. Respondents were asked how closely they were following the 2008 presidential race, for whom they would vote if the 2008 Democratic and Republican primaries were being held that day and how strongly they supported that candidate, which candidate they thought would win their party's nomination, and how much respondents knew about their candidate's position on specific issues. Several questions asked about the war in Iraq, including whether the war in Iraq was worth fighting, whether the United States was winning the war in Iraq, whether the United States should keep military forces in Iraq until civil order is restored, whether Bush's decision to send additional military forces to Iraq was supported, and whether the United States should set a deadline for withdrawing its forces from Iraq. Respondents were also asked a few questions about Democratic presidential candidate John Edwards, including whether they would be more likely to vote for John Edwards because his wife, Elizabeth, has cancer, and whether John Edwards should suspend his campaign due to his wife's illness. Additional topics included United States Attorney General Alberto Gonzales' handling of the firing of eight chief federal prosecutors, embryonic stem cell research, illegal immigrants, the condition of the nation's economy, gas price increases, and the firing of radio personality Don Imus due to making racially insensitive remarks during his radio show. This poll surveyed an oversample of African American respondents. Demographic information includes voter registration status and participation history, sex, age, race, income, marital status, religious preference, education level, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political philosophy, political party affiliation, whether the respondent or anyone in the home was a military veteran, and whether the respondent or anyone in the household was a member of a labor union.
Curated
ABC News/Washington Post Pre-State of the Union Speech Poll, January 2007 (ICPSR 24583)
Released/updated on: 2009-05-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2007-01-01--2007-01-31
This special topic poll, fielded January 16-19, 2007, is a part of continuing series of monthly polls that solicit public opinion on various political and social issues. This poll was conducted prior to President Bush's State of the Union speech on January 23, and focuses on his proposals about the war with Iraq, including sending additional United States military forces to Iraq, President Bush's and Congress' handling of the war with Iraq, and whether the United States did the right thing in going to war with Iraq. Respondents were also asked whether they approved of George W. Bush and the way he was handling the presidency and other issues such as the economy, whether they approved of the way Congress was handling its job, and whether things in the country are on the right track. Opinions were solicited on Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, the 2008 presidential candidates, whom respondents would vote for if the 2008 Democratic and Republican primaries and the presidential election were held that day, and whether an independent commission should be established to investigate and enforce ethics rules for members of Congress. Respondents were asked what was the most important problem they would like to see Bush and Congress deal with, whether they trust Bush or Congress to do a better job handling issues such as the federal budget, and whether Bush or Congress was taking a stronger leadership role in the government. Additional questions addressed global warming, Medicare, the national minimum wage, embryonic stem cell research, and Iran. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, education level, employment status, household income, religious preference, marital status, whether anyone in the household was a military veteran, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), voter registration status, political party affiliation, political philosophy, and the presence of children under 18 in the household.
Curated
CBS News Monthly Poll #3, January 2007 (ICPSR 21921)
Released/updated on: 2008-09-26
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2007-01-01--2007-01-31
This poll, fielded January 18-21, 2007, is a part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicits public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way President George W. Bush was handling the presidency. They were also asked to give their opinions on other issues such as foreign policy, to rate the condition of the national economy, to identify the most important problem facing the country, and to say whether they approved of the way Congress was handling its job. Opinions were solicited on the newly elected Congress, whether the United States was ready to elect a woman or a Black president, and which candidates respondents would vote for in the 2008 presidential race. A series of questions asked for respondents' opinions of Vice President Dick Cheney, Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, and the potential 2008 Democratic and Republican presidential candidates. Information was collected on the Iraq war, including whether the United States did the right thing in taking military action against Iraq, whether the number of United States troops should be increased, whether Congress should block funding for the war in Iraq, how important a stable democracy in Iraq is to the security interests of the United States, and whether the United States' involvement in the Iraq War is comparable to its involvement in the Vietnam War. Information was also collected on whether respondents watched or listened to President Bush's speech earlier in the month on the war in Iraq, whether they were going to watch President Bush's State of the Union address on January 23, and which issues they would like Bush to spend more time talking about. Additional topics include the Social Security system, tax cuts, the Duke University lacrosse team sexual harassment case, embryonic stem cell research, abortion, global warming, immigration, and racial bias within the United States criminal justice system. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, education level, household income, marital status, religious preference, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter registration status and participation history, and the presence of children and household members between the ages of 18 and 24.
Curated
CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll #1, July 2006 (ICPSR 4620)
Released/updated on: 2008-02-20
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2006-07-01--2006-07-31
This poll, conducted July 21-25, 2006, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way President George W. Bush was handling the presidency, the economy and the situation in North Korea, whether they approved of the way the United States Congress was handling its job, whether things in the country were going in the right direction, and what was the most important problem the country was facing. Opinions were collected on the condition of the national economy and whether respondents would vote for the Republican candidate or the Democratic candidate if the election for United States House of Representatives were being held that day. Several questions asked for respondents' opinions of Vice President Dick Cheney, former first lady Hillary Clinton, Arizona Senator John McCain, former Vice President Al Gore, the Republican and Democratic parties, the Bush administration, and the country of Israel. Respondents were asked whether the government had a positive impact on most people's lives, whether there was a mutual respect between George W. Bush and leaders of other countries, whether it was a good idea for the president to have the authority to make changes in rights guaranteed by the Constitution during wartime, and whether they thought the Bush administration went too far in restricting people's civil liberties. A series of questions asked about the war in Iraq, the threat of terrorism, how much respondents knew about the United States government holding suspected terrorists at the military prison in Guantanamo Bay, and whether the United States should follow international agreements for treatment of prisoners of war. Additional topics addressed gasoline prices, the federal minimum wage, illegal immigration, stem cell research, the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah militants in Lebanon, and the development of weapons in North Korea. Demographic information includes voter registration status and participation history, political party affiliation, political philosophy, marital status, sex, religious preference, education level, age, household income, race, whether respondents had any children under the age of 18, and the presence of household members between the ages of 13 and 24.
Curated
CBS News Monthly Poll, May 2005 (ICPSR 4327)
Released/updated on: 2007-03-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2005-05-01--2005-05-31
This poll, fielded May 20-24, 2005, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the current presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President George W. Bush and his handling of the presidency, foreign policy, the economy, the situation with Iraq, terrorism, and Social Security. Respondents were also asked what they thought about Hilary Clinton, Tom Delay, and Gloria Steinem. Some questions dealt with the issue of how judges should be appointed. These included how long it should take Congress to review and confirm appointed judges, whether Democrats and Republicans should be in agreement to confirm someone as a federal judge, whether it should take 51 or 60 votes to confirm a federal judicial or Supreme Court nominee, and how important they thought it was who sat on the federal court. The respondents were also queried on filibusters and whether they thought they were good, or if eliminating them in the future would be better. Additionally, they were asked whether it was the government's responsibility to provide a decent standard of living for the elderly. The issue of self-investment in Social Security was also raised. Respondents were asked if they thought it was a good idea to allow individuals to invest portions of their Social Security taxes themselves. Other questions included if the respondent thought it would be okay if people only pay Social Security taxes on the first 90,000 dollars of their income, whether it would be okay to limit the rate of growth of future Social Security benefits for people who make 100,000 dollars or more, and if they agreed with the changes George W. Bush was proposing. Respondent's religious views and religiosity were also queried. They were asked if they believed in teachings or philosophies from more than one religion and if they were familiar with the teachings of any Eastern religions. They were also asked if they considered themselves feminists and whether the overall status of women in this country had gotten better over the years. Demographic variables include race, sex, age, level of education, income, voter registration status, political ideology, party affiliation, marital status, religious affiliation, employment status, and if there were a teen in the household between the ages of 12 and 17.
Curated
CBS News Monthly Poll #1, July 2005 (ICPSR 4396)
Released/updated on: 2007-01-31
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2005-07-01--2005-07-31
This poll, conducted July 13-14, 2005, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of how President George W. Bush was handling the presidency and issues such as foreign policy and Social Security. Respondents were asked to voice their concerns about what they viewed as the most important problem facing the country, and to give their opinions of the condition of the national economy and how well Congress was doing its job. A series of questions addressed the success of the war against terrorism and the war in Iraq, whether the the United States would be successful, whether troops should be withdrawn, whether the Iraq war was a part of the war on terrorism, and the likelihood of another terrorist attack against the United States. The survey included questions on whether the federal government had done enough to increase safety since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Respondents were also asked for their opinions on abortion and embryonic stem cell research. Several questions focused on the United States Supreme Court, Supreme Court Justices, the Supreme Court decision, Roe v. Wade, and whether Supreme Court justices should take public opinion and their own personal views into account when deciding cases. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, religious affiliation, frequency of religious service attendance, education level, household income, marital status, political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter registration status, for whom the respondent voted in the 2004 presidential election, whether there were children in the household, and whether there were teens in the household.
Curated
ABC News/Washington Post Monthly Poll, April 2005 (ICPSR 4326)
Released/updated on: 2006-12-11
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2005-04-01--2005-04-30
This poll, conducted April 21-24, 2005, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the current presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were queried on such topics as Social Security benefits, parenthood, young people joining the military, capital punishment, same-sex marriage, stem cell research, and whether abortion should be legal in all cases. Respondents were asked how President George W. Bush was handling his presidency, the economy, the situation in Iraq, and the United States campaign against terrorism. A series of questions also focused on Tom Delay, the majority leader of the United States House of Representatives, and the ethics charges made against him, and whether he should step down as majority leader.
A random national sample of 1,082 adults were given this poll, including an oversample of 284 Catholic respondents, who were asked an additional group of questions about Pope Benedict XVI and the Catholic Church. Questions asked included their feelings about the selection of Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger as pope, whether they approved or disapproved of the selection, if they thought he should maintain the traditional policies of the Church, and what should be his highest priority (e.g., responding to the concerns of women in the Church, encouraging human rights, or addressing the issue of sexual abuse by priests). Other questions included whether the Roman Catholic Church was in touch with the views of Catholics in America, whether the respondent would want their son to become a priest, and whether they would support the Catholic Church denying communion to Catholic politicians who are in favor of legal abortion.
Demographic variables include race, gender, age, level of education, income, political party affiliation, political philosophy, and religious affiliation.
Curated
ABC News/Washington Post Poll, June 2005 (ICPSR 4328)
Released/updated on: 2006-11-08
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2005-06-01--2005-06-30
This monthly poll, undertaken June 2-5, 2005, queried respondents on a number of national issues. Respondents were asked to evaluate the performances of President George W. Bush, the United States Congress, and their own Representatives. The survey solicited respondents' opinions on social security plans, the war in Iraq, the national economy, and the war on terror. They were also asked about their feelings on the prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, surveillance by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and if the United States was protecting its citizens. The survey also sought respondents' opinions on President George W. Bush, United States Senators Hillary Rodham Clinton and John McCain, and the Democratic and Republican parties. Other questions pertained to respondents' personal debt, vacation plans, and their opinions about global warming, stem cell research, Supreme Court nominations, oil drilling in Alaska, nuclear power plants, and whether or not respondents smoked. Demographic information included political affiliation, political ideology, education, age, religious affiliation, sex, race, and income.
Curated
CBS News Monthly Poll, August 2004 (ICPSR 4155)
Released/updated on: 2005-02-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2004-08-01--2004-08-31
This poll is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of the 2004 presidential campaign, including whom they likely would vote for and their level of support for that candidate. Questions were also posed regarding candidates' handling of or ability to handle current issues, such as foreign policy, the economy, and the situation in Iraq. Opinions of other national figures -- e.g., Rudolph Giuliani, John McCain, and Arnold Schwarzenegger -- were solicited as well. Additional survey questions queried respondents' perceptions of the state of the economy, the war on terrorism, stem cell research, and government-issued warnings of potential terrorist attacks. Background information includes voter registration status, political party leanings, sex, religious preference, education, age, ethnicity, and income.
Curated
ABC News/Washington Post Poll, July 2001 (ICPSR 3287)
Released/updated on: 2002-02-11
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2001-07-01--2001-07-31
This poll, conducted July 26-30, 2001, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and a range of other social and political issues. This survey assessed the public's satisfaction with President George W. Bush, as well as their satisfaction with his political agenda and motivations. Respondents were asked what they thought of Bush's ability to handle the nation's economy, the environment, a possible energy crisis, and stem cell research as compared to the ability of the Democrats in Congress to handle these issues. Respondents were also asked whether Bush's administration was influenced too much by large business corporations, the oil and gas industries, conservative religious groups, wealthy people, environmental groups, minority groups, or people like the respondent, and whether the following applied to Bush: he understands the problems of people like you, he can be trusted in a crisis, he's doing a good job as commander-in-chief of the military, he is honest and trustworthy, he is a strong leader, he's got a vision for the future, he understands complex issues, he has strong personal character, he has brought needed change to Washington, and he's done a good job keeping the economy strong. Opinions were solicited on whether the President or Congress was more trustworthy in handling the economy, international affairs, environmental issues, education, the energy situation, patients' rights in the health care system, Social Security, the federal budget, campaign finance reform, the cost of prescription drugs, and the defense and the military budget. Respondents were queried on whether they would vote for Bush, Al Gore, Ralph Nader, Pat Buchanan, or someone else, if the 2000 presidential election were held that day. Additional issues addressed in the poll included respondent's views of the nation's economy, how they thought the nation's economy would be affected by the tax cut, whether they supported stem cell research, if they would support federal funding for stem cell research, and if they had a favorable impression of Vice President Dick Cheney, the Republican party, the Democratic party, Arizona senator John McCain, and former President Ronald Reagan. Background information on respondents includes political party, voter registration status, education, type of graduate degree, age, religion, characteristics of place of residence, marital status, labor union membership, Hispanic origin, race, combined household yearly income, and gender.