Showing 1 – 22 of 22 results.
Curated
Coercion and Protest: An Empirical Test in Two Democratic States (ICPSR 1131)
Released/updated on: 1997-05-16
Geographic coverage: Northern Ireland, Germany, Global
Data on protest and coercion aggregated weekly in Germany (1982 through 1992) and Northern Ireland (1982-1993). A codebook provides a guide to the variables and coding methods.
Curated
Restricted
Collective Efficacy and Social Cohesion in Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2010-2011 (ICPSR 34656)
Released/updated on: 2016-05-20
Geographic coverage: United States, Florida, Miami
Time period: 2010-01-01--2011-01-01
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they there received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except of the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompany readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collections and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
The current study sought to expand the current understanding of the psychometric characteristics of the collective efficacy scale at the individual level and the role of collective efficacy in promoting safe, healthy community conditions. A team of interviewers consisting of residents of the targeted neighborhoods were selected and trained to administer the field surveys (NIJ Neighborhoods Resident Survey Data, 108 variables, n=649). In order to ensure accuracy of the responses, the field supervisor conducted telephone validation for approximately ten to fifteen percent of the surveys. In addition to resident surveys, trained research staff conducted systematic social observations (SSOs) of street segments in selected neighborhoods noting physical and social indictors.
Curated
Conflict and Society (ICPSR 7452)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 1850-01-01--1970-01-01
This data collection contains the principal indicators of independent variables developed by Ted Robert Gurr for use in testing models of the causes of civil violence. Information was gathered on 86 countries or polities worldwide and indices were constructed to meet the theoretical requirements of the investigators' research on instances of internal conflict as captured in CIVIL STRIFE EVENTS, 1955-1970 (ICPSR 7531). General categories of independent variables included in the present study are basic social properties, social processes, economic processes, social rigidities, coercive interventions, regime coercion, conflict traditions, regime characteristics, and dissident group characteristics. Aggregate measures of the dependent variables (internal conflicts) are provided in CIVIL STRIFE CONFLICT MAGNITUDES, 1955-1970 (ICPSR 7485).
Curated
Effects of Arrests and Incarceration on Informal Social Control in Baltimore, Maryland, Neighborhoods, 1980-1994 (ICPSR 3796)
Released/updated on: 2003-12-11
Geographic coverage: Baltimore, United States, Maryland
Time period: 1980-01-01--1994-01-01
This study examined the effects of police arrest policies and incarceration policies on communities in 30 neighborhoods in Baltimore. Specifically, the study addressed the question of whether aggressive arrest and incarceration policies negatively impacted social organization and thereby reduced the willingness of area residents to engage in informal social control, or collective efficacy. CRIME CHANGES IN BALTIMORE, 1970-1994 (ICPSR 2352) provided aggregate community-level data on demographics, socioeconomic attributes, and crime rates as well as data from interviews with residents about community attachment, cohesiveness, participation, satisfaction, and experiences with crime and self-protection. Incident-level offense and arrest data for 1987 and 1992 were obtained from the Baltimore Police Department. The Maryland Department of Public Safety and Corrections provided data on all of the admissions to and releases from prisons in neighborhoods in Baltimore City and Baltimore County for 1987, 1992, and 1994.
Curated
Fortune-Yankelovich Youth Study, 1966 (ICPSR 7348)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
This survey of American youth of college age, including both college students and non-students, was conducted in 1968 by Daniel Yankelovich, Inc., for Fortune Magazine. The questions explored a wide range of issues reflecting personal values, career goals, and social and political philosophies. Among the major topics investigated were the respondents' opinions on the draft, civil disobedience, student riots, science and technology, and the generation gap. In addition, respondents were asked to compare their values with those of their parents, and to indicate societal values that they would adhere to, or reject. Demographic variables include sex, age, marital status, occupation, and income.
Curated
General Social Survey, 1972 (ICPSR 7309)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
In addition to the standard personal characteristic items, the survey covers items viewed by the NORC staff and an advisory panel of sociologists as "mainstream" interests of modern academic sociology. The interview covers the areas of stratification, the family, race relations, social control, civil liberties, and morale. A major objective of the project was the replication of questions which have appeared in previous national surveys. The data were collected by the National Opinion Research Center as the first in a five year series of general social surveys. The survey was administered in February-April 1972 to a national cross-section sample of adults 18 years of age and older. The data were obtained from the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research.
Curated
General Social Survey, 1973 (ICPSR 7315)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
The survey covers items viewed by the NORC staff and an advisory panel of sociologists as "mainstream" interests of modern academic sociology. As in the 1972 survey, the interview covers the areas of socio-economic status and social mobility, intrafamily relations, life cycle related changes in behavior, racial attitudes, social control, civil liberties, and morale. Additional questions were added dealing with ecology and social deviance. The data were collected by the National Opinion Research Center as the second in a series of general social surveys. The survey was administered in March 1973 to a cross-section national sample of adults 18 years of age or older. The data were obtained from the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research.
Curated
General Social Survey, 1974 (ICPSR 7341)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
As in 1972 and 1973, the 1974 interview includes items selected by the NORC staff and an advisory panel of sociologists as "mainstream" interests of academic sociology. In addition to standard personal data items, the 1974 survey covers such areas of interest as the family, socio-economic status, social mobility, and morale. About two-thirds of the questionnaire probed for attitudes and opinions concerning qualities of a job, satisfaction with life, roles of women, birth control and abortion, sex relations, race relations, social control issues, and civil liberties. The data were collected by the National Opinion Research Center as the third in a five-year series of general social surveys. The survey was administered in March 1974 to a national cross-section sample of adults 18 years of age or older. The data was obtained from the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research.
Curated
General Social Survey, 1975 (ICPSR 7367)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
The survey covers items viewed by the NORC staff and an advisory panel of sociologists as "mainstream" interests of modern academic sociology. In addition to standard personal data items, the 1975 survey covers such areas of interest as race relations, the family, social control, leisure activities, education, morals, violence, and pornography. The data were collected by the National Opinion Research Center as the fourth in a five-year series of general social surveys. The survey was administered in March and April of 1975 to a national cross-section sample of adults 18 years of age and older. The data were obtained from the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research.
Curated
General Social Survey, 1976 (ICPSR 7398)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
The 1976 survey replicates almost all items that have appeared in at least two other surveys in this series. Major emphasis is placed on the attitudes and opinions of the respondents on issues such as the family, socio-economic status, social mobility, social control, race relations, sex relations, and morale. In addition, information on the respondents' partisan identification and their 1972 presidential vote are included. The data were collected by the National Opinion Research Center as the last in a five-year series of general social surveys. The survey was administered in March and April of 1976 to a national cross-section sample of adults 18 years of age and older. The data were obtained from the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research.
Curated
General Social Survey, 1977 (ICPSR 7573)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
The 1977 study is a continuation of the National Data Program for the Social Sciences. Most of the questions have appeared in previous national surveys between 1945 and 1976. The content areas covered in this survey concern the family, socio-economic status, social mobility, social control, race relations, attitudes towards sex and sexual materials, and morals. The respondent's party identification and voting behavior are also included. The data were collected by the National Opinion Research Center as part of a series of general social surveys beginning in 1972. The survey was administered in March and April of 1977 to a national cross-section sample of adults 18 years of age and older. The data were obtained from the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research.
Curated
General Social Survey Cumulative File, 1972-1986 (ICPSR 8609)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1972-01-01--1986-01-01
The General Social Survey has been conducted by the National Opinion Research Center annually since 1972 except for the years 1979 and 1981. The Roper Center for Public Opinion Research has prepared a cumulative dataset which merges thirteen years of the General Social Survey into a single file, with each year constituting a subfile. The content of each year's survey changes slightly as some items are added to or deleted from the interview schedule. The most notable addition to the 1986 wave of the survey was a group of questions related to the feminization of poverty. Respondents were asked if they had ever received income from various governmental assistance programs or from alimony or child support payments. Attitudes toward welfare were also probed through agreement or disagreement with a series of statements concerning the welfare system. On this same subject, factorial vignettes were conducted in 1986 and are included as a supplemental file to this collection. These vignettes, which describe hypothetical situations presented in brief descriptive passages, required each respondent to evaluate ten different sets of circumstances relating to family life and the need for public assistance. Seven of the vignettes related to the conditions of young families and three pertained to older women. The respondent's task was to determine whether or not the family's income should be augmented with government assistance. Each record in the supplementary file contains all the choices made by a single respondent to all ten vignettes.
Curated
General Social Survey of the European USSR, April-May 1991 (ICPSR 6500)
Released/updated on: 2006-03-30
Geographic coverage: Europe, Ukraine, Moldova, Lithuania, Belarus, Global, Soviet Union, Russia
Time period: 1991-04-11--1991-05-31
This study of the European Soviet Union (European Russia, Ukraine, Belorussia, Moldavia, and Lithuania), conducted in the months preceding the coup against Mikhail Gorbachev and the breakup of the Soviet Union, was an attempt to gather residents' opinions on aspects of social structure, social stratification, and distributive justice. Respondents were asked to comment on migration, participation in political activities, membership in organizations, use of mass media, judgments about material well-being, confidence in institutions, interest in politics, and attitudes toward the role of women. They also provided information on topics such as smoking, drinking, and religious observances. Demographic variables included in the data cover work history, education, ethnicity, language, military service, household income, and expenditures. The study also measures respondents' attitudes toward a wide variety of products, both Soviet-made and imported, in terms of the actual price of such products and the ideal price according to the respondent.
Curated
General Social Survey of the Russian Federation and Central Asia, October-December 1992 (ICPSR 6499)
Released/updated on: 2006-03-17
Geographic coverage: Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Global, Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan, Russia
Time period: 1992-10-01--1992-12-01
This survey was conducted approximately one year after the coup against Gorbachev and the breakup of the Soviet Union. The purpose of the study, which queried respondents in the Russian Federation, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan, was to gather data on all aspects of social structure, social stratification, and distributive justice. Respondents provided information on their attitudes toward the news media, material status, work status and work history, social and political views, and participation in political activities. In addition, respondents were asked to comment on the role of women as well as on the role of government in daily life. Other variables addressed smoking and drinking, ownership of foreign and domestic products, use of mass media, confidence in institutions, and interest in politics. Demographic information gathered includes education, gender, ethnicity, age, and work history of the respondent and the respondent's family.
Curated
General Social Survey [United States] and German Social Survey (ALLBUS) Combined Files, 1982 (ICPSR 8365)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States, Germany, Global
As part of a program of crossnational research, a collaboration took place in 1982 between the United States General Social Survey (GSS) and the Zentrum fur Umfragen, Methoden und Analysen (ZUMA) of the Federal Republic of Germany. Funded by the National Science Foundation, this data collection effort explored attitudinal similarities and differences between the two countries on a range of social issues. A common set of questions was included in both the 1982 GSS and the German Social Survey (ALLBUS). These common items included questions on job values, abortion, and subjective social class. The 1982 ALLBUS also contained several GSS items that were not contained in the 1982 GSS, but had been used in other years. Of the 4,497 total cases in the file, the General Social Survey portion contains 1,506 cases and the German Social Survey portion has 2,991 cases.
Curated
Hurricane Andrew: Its Impact on Law and Social Control [Florida, 1992] (ICPSR 22629)
Released/updated on: 2009-06-19
Geographic coverage: United States, Florida, Miami
This data collection examines the degree of concensus/dissensus concerning ideal and actual priorities of policing during the breakdown of formal social control directly following Hurricane Andrew in Miami, Florida. Both citizens of the damaged neighborhoods and the attending police were nonrandomly surveyed using semistructured interviews. A small sample of students were also interviewed.
Residents were asked about what happened to their neighborhood, their home, themselves, and their family before, during, and immediately after the hurricane, and in the time since the hurricane. Questions focused on precautions taken before the hurricane to guard against the storm's impact, the effects of the storm on families, the occurrence of crime and violence following the hurricane, and the actions taken by the police and military to maintain order after the storm.
Police were asked about disaster training, termination of department services during the storm, crime frequency in the aftermath of the storm, and the effectiveness of their police departments in dealing with crime immediately after the hurricane. Police were also asked about the origin of people (e.g., local vs. nonlocal) arrested for "hurricane related" crimes, such as looting.
Both citizens and police were asked to make two ratings of various police activities: (1) how much time they thought police actually spent on that activity, and (2) what priority should have been given to that activity. Respondents were then asked to reconstruct these considerations for the first day, first week (days 2-7), second and third weeks, and first month after the hurricane, as well as at the time of the survey (which was at least two months after the hurricane).
Students were asked questions concerning their family and the family's neighborhood, preparations for the hurricane, victimization experiences, formal/informal social controls prior to and after the hurricane, and the disruption/re-establishment of routines in family and neighborhood life after the event.
Curated
ICPSR Instructional Subset: Justifying Violence: Attitudes of American Men, 1969 (ICPSR 7517)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
This survey of attitudes of 1,374 American men aged 16-64 toward violence was conducted in the summer of 1969 by the Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan. The investigators examined the level of violence that respondents viewed as justified to accomplish social control and social change and also probed the respondents' personal values, their definition of violence, and their identification with groups involved in violence. To examine the degree of violence that American men felt could be justified for social control, the investigators asked respondents to react to situations involving protests and other disturbances. These situations included hoodlum gang disturbances, student protests, and Black protest demonstrations. The respondents were asked what police actions from "letting it go" to "shooting to kill" were appropriate as police control measures. Several such items were combined to form an index of "violence for social control." In questions dealing with the level of violence necessary to bring about social change, respondents were asked if they agreed with the necessity of "protest in which some people will be killed" in order to bring about changes sought by Blacks, by student demonstrators, and in general. These items were combined into an index of "violence for social change." This instructional subset from the original study also includes an initial series of questions that asked whether respondents viewed such actions as protest demonstrations, police frisking, looting, burglary, and draft-card burning as violence. This was followed by inquiries into the possible causes of violence and motives of those who participate in violence. Another set of variables deals with respondents' relative views of property damage and personal injury and their opinions on the use of violence to prevent violence, violence as a teaching tool, forgiveness of one's attacker, and the roles of courts and police agencies in combating crime. The subset concludes with a number of derived indices of violence attitudes that drew upon survey questions to form general patterns. These derived indices include retributive justice, self-defense, humanism, property-person priority, kindness, police-court power, court fairness, social causes, trust, and peer consensus indices. Finally, several summary measures gauge the respondents' general approval of violence for social control and social change purposes. Demographic variables specify education, age, religion, socioeconomic status, and region of the country.
Curated
Informal Social Control of Crime in High Drug Use Neighborhoods in Louisville and Lexington, Kentucky, 2000 (ICPSR 3412)
Released/updated on: 2006-03-30
Geographic coverage: United States, Kentucky, Louisville, Lexington
Time period: 1997-01-01--2000-01-01
This neighborhood-level study sought to explore the effect of cultural disorganization, in terms of both weakened conventional culture and value heterogeneity, on informal social control, and the extent to which these effects may be conditioned by the level of drug use in the neighborhood. Data for Part 1 were collected from face-to-face and telephone interviews with households in the targeted sample. Part 2 is comprised of data collected from the United States Census 1990 Summary Tape File 3A (STF3A) as well as the United States Census 2000 Population counts, Lexington and Louisville police crime incident reports, and police data on drug arrests. The responses gleaned from the survey used in Part 1 were aggregated to the census block group level, which are included in Part 2.
Curated
Justifying Violence: Attitudes of American Men, 1969 (ICPSR 3504)
Released/updated on: 2005-11-04
Geographic coverage: United States
This study contains data on the attitudes of 1,374 American men aged 16-64 toward violence in 1969. The study was undertaken to examine the levels of violence that can be viewed as justified to bring about social control or social change. Also emphasized were the role of the respondents' personal values, their definitions of violence, and their identification with the groups involved in violence. Some of the open-ended questions in the structured interview probed the respondents' general concerns, their attitudes toward violence, and their views on the causes of and ways of preventing violence. In questions grouped into categories of "violence for social control" and "violence for social change", respondents were asked to react to situations involving protests and other disturbances such as hoodlum gang disturbances, students' protests, and Black protest demonstrations. Repondents' opinions were sought on the appropriate police actions in these situations and the frequency with which certain control measures should be utilized. Respondents were also asked in three different situations whether they believed change could be effected without action involving property damage or injury, or if change could only be effected with protests in which some people were killed. Demographic variables describe age, sex, date of birth, nationality, occupation, education, religion, and family income. A supplementary sample of Black men is also included in this study in order to permit separate analysis on the basis of race.
Curated
Restricted
Person or Place? A Contextual, Event-History Analysis of Homicide Victimization Risk, United States, 2004-2012 (ICPSR 37079)
Released/updated on: 2018-09-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2004-01-01--2012-01-01, 2005-01-01--2012-01-01
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of neighborhood social disorganization on the risk of homicide victimization, with focus on how community effects changed once individual-level characteristics were considered. This research integrated concepts from social disorganization theory, a neighborhood theory of criminal behavior, with concepts from lifestyle theory and individual theory of criminal behavior, by having examined the effects of both neighborhood-level predictors of disadvantage and individual attributes which may compel that person to behave in certain ways. The data for this secondary analysis project are from the 2004-2012 National Center for Health Statistics' (NCHS) National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) linked National Death Index-Multiple Causes of Death (MDC) data, which provided individual-level data on homicide mortality. Neighborhood-level (block group) characteristics of disadvantage that existed within each respondent's place of residence from the 2005-2009 and 2008-2012 American Community Surveys were integrated using restricted geographic identifiers from the NHIS.
As a syntax-only study, data included as part of this collection includes 38 SAS Program (syntax) files that were used by the researcher in analyses of external restricted-use data. The data are not included because they are restricted archival data from the NHIS from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention combined with publicly available American Community Survey (ACS) block group level data.
Curated
Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods: Community Survey, 1994-1995 (ICPSR 2766)
Released/updated on: 2023-03-29
Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Illinois
The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods is an interdisciplinary study aimed at deepening society's understanding of the causes and pathways of juvenile delinquency, adult crime, substance abuse, and violence. In particular, it is a study of children's social and psychological development from birth to young adulthood in urban neighborhoods. This collection contains data from a cross-sectional survey of Chicago residents in 1994 and is the first product of an eight-year project. The survey gathered information from adult residents of Chicago on their perceptions of the neighborhoods in which they live. The survey questionnaire was a multidimensional assessment of the structural conditions and organization of the neighborhoods. Data collection consisted of a household interview of residents aged 18 and older to assess key neighborhood dimensions, including the dynamic structure of the local community, organizational and political structure, cultural values, informal social control, formal social control, and social cohesion. Variables include measures of the best and worst aspects of living in Chicago, how long residents had lived in a particular neighborhood, characteristics of their neighborhood, including types of social service agencies available, and if they would consider moving to a different neighborhood and why. Other community variables measure the relationships among neighbors, including how many neighbors a respondent would recognize, how often neighbors socialized, and how often neighbors participated in other activities together. Variables that capture neighborhood social order include respondents' perceptions of neighborhood problems such as litter, graffiti, drinking, drugs, and excessive use of force by police. Respondents were also asked about their normative beliefs regarding violence, money, and various children's behaviors. Victimization variables cover how often the respondent was the victim of a fight with a weapon, a violent argument, a gang fight, sexual assault, robbery, theft, or vandalism. Other variables measure fear of crime and attitudes toward the police. Demographic variables include age, gender, education, living arrangement, national origin, and employment status. In addition, a number of scales created by the study's scientific directors are included such as social disorder, perceived neighborhood danger, and neighborhood activism. Part 1 of this study contains individual responses to survey questions. Part 2 contains data aggregated to the neighborhood cluster (NC) level (see Study Design for explanation of NC).
Curated
Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Systematic Social Observation, 1995 (ICPSR 13578)
Released/updated on: 2005-07-18
Geographic coverage: United States, Chicago, Illinois
Time period: 1995-06-01--1995-10-01
The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families, schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development. One component of the PHDCN was the Systematic Social Observation (SSO). The SSO was a standardized approach for directly observing the physical, social, and economic characteristics of neighborhoods, one block at a time. In 1995, the PHDCN initiated a combined person-based and videotaped approach to collecting systematic observations of neighborhoods. Eighty of the 343 Neighborhood Clusters were used in this study. Once the sampling was complete, the block face (the block segment on one side of the street) became the unit of observation. Using videotape and observer logs, data were collected in the 80 sampled Chicago neighborhoods. Only a sample of block faces were selected for coding due to budget expenses. The National Opinion Research Center (NORC) collected the data for the SSO. Between June and October of 1995, trained observers from NORC drove a sports utility vehicle down every block within the 80 sampled neighborhoods. A videographer videotaped both sides of each block, while two observers recorded characteristics of each block face on observer logs. Further coding of the videotapes and observer logs was conducted by NORC staff.