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Curated

Black History Month (BHM) Programming Survey, United States, 2024-2025 (ICPSR 39671)

Released/updated on: 2026-03-20
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2024-01-01--2025-12-31
The purpose of this study was to explore the current state of BHM programming nationally, develop a model of BHM programming, and operationalize previously identified core library programming competencies. The two main research questions were:
  • what is the state of BHM programming in public libraries, and,
  • how are service area, library organizational, and individual factors associated with the existence and complexity of BHM programming?
Service area variables included region, urbanicity, and the percentage of African American/Black population in the census tract. Library organizational variables included library size, library budget, presence of African American/Black staff, total number of librarians, and size of the library system. Individual variables of the person completing the survey included years as a librarian, length of time at the sampled library, and competencies such as Knowledge of the Community (a psychometrically developed scale) and Cultural Humility (a previously created scale validated with librarians). In addition to the variables above, the questionnaire includes whether the library conducts BHM programming, reasons for not doing so, who plans BHM programming, type of BHM programs, number of programs by age group, percent of African American history programming in February vs throughout the year, awareness and utilization of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History theme, frequency of programming focused on different periods, attitudes about BHM, questions about diversity, equity, and inclusion, and concern about implementing BHM programming in the current political climate. There has never been a systematic study of Black History Month (BHM) programming in public libraries with a nationally representative sample. This study was conducted by the University of Michigan, Program for Research on Black Americans, in partnership with the Black Caucus of the American Library Association (BCALA) and the Public Library Association (PLA). These data will be available starting in September 2026 until then, the data are embargoed.
Curated
Restricted

Public Library Services, Programs and Outreach, United States, 2015-2023 (ICPSR 38653)

Released/updated on: 2024-09-09
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2015-01-01--2023-12-31

The Public Libraries Survey (PLS) is an annual survey of U.S. public libraries. Policymakers and practitioners depend on PLS data to allocate funding and strategically manage libraries. Academics rely on PLS data to conduct original research about public libraries. Data in the PLS come from over 17,000 outlets, and it represents a "gold standard" for national information about public libraries. While the PLS is an invaluable resource for the public library community, other organizations collect data that extends the reach and significance of the PLS.

This dataset extends the PLS using information from the Public Library Association (PLA), the Association of Bookmobile and Outreach Services (ABOS), and the U.S. Census Bureau. PLA data comes from Project Outcome, a free toolkit and online resource for public libraries to document the outcomes associated with public library services. Since 2015, Project Outcome has collected more than 390,000 responses to surveys at 2,200+ libraries in the U.S. and Canada describing the outcomes resulting from library services. The standardized surveys used by Project Outcome have enabled libraries to aggregate their outcome data and analyze trends by topic, type, and program. ABOS data comes from a 2023 national, non-representative survey of public libraries regarding their outreach departments, services, and vehicles. Census data is from the American Community Survey and provides demographic information regarding the geographies that public libraries serve.

As part of an Institute of Museum and Library Services grant, the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research curated these data for reuse and mapped them to libraries in the PLS. The result is a combined dataset that documents the impact of library programming and outreach on nationwide communities. To enhance these data, a committee led by the University of Missouri, School of Information Science and Learning Technologies identified supplemental variables (e.g., Census demographic figures) and guided data curation by creating a "data module" specifying curation enhancements.

Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Public Libraries in the United States Survey, 2016-2018 (ICPSR 37992)

Released/updated on: 2021-10-07
Geographic coverage: District of Columbia, United States, Guam, Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands
Time period: 2016-01-01--2016-12-31, 2017-01-01--2017-12-31, 2018-01-01--2018-12-31

The Public Libraries Survey (PLS) is a voluntary census of public libraries conducted annually by the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS). The Fiscal Year (FY) 2016, 2017, and 2018 surveys are the 28th, 29th, and 30th in the series, respectively. The American Institutes for Research (AIR) served as the data collection agent for all three surveys.

The PLS data files include all public libraries identified by state library administrative agencies in the 50 states, the District of Columbia and the outlying territories of American Samoa and Guam. The Northern Mariana Islands participated in FY 2017 and FY 2018, and the U.S. Virgin Islands participated in FY 2018. The reporting unit in each state or territory for the survey is the administrative entity (AE), defined as the agency that is legally established under local or state law to provide public library service to the population of a local jurisdiction. In this survey, the terms public library and public library system mean an AE. The AE may have a single outlet or multiple outlets. The term "outlet" refers to a library point of service, which may be a physical building, bookmobile, or a books-by-mail provider. Each PLS collected the following information:

  • Data from each public library, such as its name and address, population of legal service area, service outlets, collections, full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff, and operating revenue and expenditures (see Appendix F). These data were reported in the AE record.
  • State characteristics data, including the state total population estimate, the total unduplicated population of legal service areas for the state, and the state's reporting period start and end dates (see the survey questionnaire in Appendix F, items 100-103). Each state library administrative agency reported these data in the state characteristics record because they are not library-level data.
  • Data from each public library service outlet, such as its name and address, type, county location, square footage, public service hours per year, and number of weeks it is open (see Appendix F). These data were reported in the outlet record.

This data collection is useful to researchers, journalists, the public, and policymakers at the federal, state, and local levels. These data are used by federal, state and local officials, professional associations, and local practitioners for planning, evaluation, and policy making.

Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Public Libraries in the United States Survey, 2015 (ICPSR 37119)

Released/updated on: 2018-08-20
Geographic coverage: District of Columbia, United States, Guam, American Samoa
Time period: 2015-01-01--2015-12-31

The Public Libraries Survey (PLS) provides statistics on the status of public libraries in the United States. It is a voluntary survey conducted annually by the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS). The Fiscal Year (FY) 2015 survey is the 27th in the series.

The data files include all public libraries identified by state library administrative agencies in the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the outlying areas of American Samoa and Guam. The reporting unit for the survey is the administrative entity, defined as the agency that is legally established under local or state law to provide public library service to the population of a local jurisdiction. In this survey, the term public library means an administrative entity.

For Fiscal Year 2015, IMLS collected the following information via a web-based survey for the PLS:

  • Library Data - Data on each public library, such as its name and address, population of legal service area, service outlets, collections, full-time-equivalent staff, and operating revenue and expenditures. State characteristics data, including the reporting period starting and ending dates, the state total population estimate, and the total unduplicated population of legal service areas for the state. These data are contained in dataset 1 and include 9,251 records; 9,231 were public libraries and 20 were administrative entities that closed or temporarily closed for FY 2015.
  • State Data - Each state library agency reported these data on the "State Characteristics" record because they are not library-level data. These data are in dataset 2 and include 53 records, one for each state and outlying area.
  • Outlet Data - Data on each public library service outlet, such as its name and address, type, county location, metropolitan status, square footage, public service hours per year, and number of weeks a library outlet is open. These data are in dataset 3 and include 17,408 total records. The file includes identifying information and a few basic data items for public library service outlets (central, branch, bookmobile, and books-by-mail-only outlets). The file includes 17,328 outlets in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, 8 outlets in the outlying areas, and 72 records for outlets that were reported as closed or were temporarily closed for FY 2015.

This data collection is useful to researchers, journalists, the public, and policymakers at the federal, state, and local levels. These data are used by federal, state and local officials, professional associations, and local practitioners for planning, evaluation, and policy making.

Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Public Libraries in the United States Survey, 2014 (ICPSR 36783)

Released/updated on: 2017-05-12
Geographic coverage: District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, United States, Guam, Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands
Time period: 2014-01-01--2014-12-31

The Public Libraries Survey (PLS) provides statistics on the status of public libraries in the United States. It is a voluntary survey conducted annually by the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS). The Fiscal Year (FY) 2014 survey is the 26th in the series.

The data files include all public libraries identified by state library administrative agencies in the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the outlying areas of American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The reporting unit for the survey is the administrative entity, defined as the agency that is legally established under local or state law to provide public library service to the population of a local jurisdiction. In this survey, the term public library means an administrative entity.

For Fiscal Year 2014, IMLS collected the following information via a web-based survey for the PLS:

  • Library Data - Data on each public library, such as its name and address, population of legal service area, service outlets, collections, full-time-equivalent staff, and operating revenue and expenditures. State characteristics data, including the reporting period starting and ending dates, the state total population estimate, and the total unduplicated population of legal service areas for the state. These data are contained in dataset 1 and include 9,305 records; 9,295 were public libraries and 10 were administrative entities that closed or temporarily closed for FY 2014.
  • State Data - Each state library agency reported these data on the "State Characteristics" record because they are not library-level data. These data are in dataset 2 and include 56 records, one for each state and outlying area.
  • Outlet Data - Data on each public library service outlet, such as its name and address, type, county location, metropolitan status, square footage, public service hours per year, and number of weeks a library outlet is open. These data are in dataset 3 and include 17,566 total records, 17,492 are public library service outlets (central, branch, bookmobile, and books-by-mail-only outlets). The remaining 74 records are outlets that closed or temporarily closed for FY 2014.

This data collection is useful to researchers, journalists, the public, and policymakers at the federal, state, and local levels. These data are used by federal, state and local officials, professional associations, and local practitioners for planning, evaluation, and policy making.

Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Public Libraries in the United States Survey, 2013 (ICPSR 36471)

Released/updated on: 2016-07-21
Geographic coverage: District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, United States, Guam, Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands
Time period: 2013-01-01--2013-12-31

The Public Libraries Survey (PLS) provides statistics on the status of public libraries in the United States. It is a voluntary survey conducted annually by the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS). The Fiscal Year (FY) 2013 survey is the 25th in the series.

The data files include all public libraries identified by state library administrative agencies in the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the outlying areas of American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The reporting unit for the survey is the administrative entity, defined as the agency that is legally established under local or state law to provide public library service to the population of a local jurisdiction.

For Fiscal Year 2013, IMLS collected the following information via a web-based survey for the PLS:

  • Library Data - Data on each public library, such as its name and address, population of legal service area, service outlets, collections, full-time-equivalent staff, and operating revenue and expenditures State characteristics data, including the reporting period starting and ending dates, the state total population estimate, and the total unduplicated population of legal service areas for the state. These data are contained in dataset 1 and include 9,309 records; 9,290 were public libraries and 19 were administrative entities that closed in or temporarily closed for FY 2012.
  • State Data - Each state library agency reported these data on the "State Characteristics" record because they are not library-level data. These data are in dataset 2 and include 56 records, one for each state and outlying area.
  • Outlet Data - Data on each public library service outlet, such as its name and address, type, county location, metropolitan status, square footage, public service hours per year, and number of weeks a library outlet is open. These data are in dataset 3 and include 17,554 total records, 17,463 are public library service outlets (central, branch, bookmobile, and books-by-mail-only outlets). The remaining 91 records are outlets that closed or temporarily closed for FY 2012.

This data collection is useful to researchers, journalists, the public, and policymakers at the federal, state, and local levels. These data are used by federal, state and local officials, professional associations, and local practitioners for planning, evaluation, and policy making.

Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Survey of Cultural Programs for Adults in Public Libraries 1998 [United States] (ICPSR 35241)

Released/updated on: 2015-05-27
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1997-01-01--1998-12-31
This data set offers information on cultural programs for adults in public libraries in the United States during 1997-98. The study was conducted between February 8 and May 1, 1998 by the Library Research Center in the Graduate School of Library and Information Science at the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana. Surveys were sent by mail to a sample of 1,500 public libraries serving populations of 5,000 people or more - 1,229 completed surveys were returned. The sampling procedure consisted of an initial and two follow-up mailings, the last by certified mail. Data was collected on the types of adult cultural programming offered at each library, program attendance and funding, collaboration with other organizations on cultural programs, the cultural role of the library, and the relative availability of cultural programming in the community served by the library.
Curated

Public Libraries Data, 1989: [United States] (ICPSR 9596)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1989-01-01--1989-12-31
The purpose of this survey was to identify the cooperative library organizations within the United States and to gather information about these organizations. In this survey the Federal/State Cooperative System for Public Library Data collected 32 basic data items and 7 identifying items for each library. The data items include number of service outlets, full-time equivalent staff, income, operational expenditures, capital outlay, library collection, annual public service hours, library services, and inter-library loans. All 50 states and the District of Columbia are included in this file, which encompasses 8,968 libraries.
Curated

Survey of Special Libraries Serving State Governments, Fiscal Year 1977: [United States] (ICPSR 2226)

Released/updated on: 2002-07-18
Geographic coverage: District of Columbia, United States
This study was a survey of all libraries in 50 states and the District of Columbia that served departments or organizations within the state governments. Phase I identified the libraries within the states and the District of Columbia. Phase II consisted of surveying these libraries, and developing edit specifications and table programs. These data provide the following information: library name, library address, number of full-time and part-time employees in different departments, expenditures, holdings, and loan transactions.
Curated

Library General Information Survey (LIBGIS) III [United States]: Public Libraries, Fiscal Year 1977-1978 (ICPSR 2209)

Released/updated on: 2002-05-21
Geographic coverage: United States
This survey provides information about the public libraries' public service outlets, holdings, staffing, receipts, expenditures, loan transactions, physical facilities, and business hours. These data also contribute to an understanding of the total picture of school, academic, and public libraries on a nationwide basis.
Curated

Public Libraries Data, 1988: [United States] (ICPSR 2211)

Released/updated on: 2002-04-19
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1988-01-01--1988-12-31
The purpose of this survey was to identify the cooperative library organizations within the United States and to gather information about these organizations. In this survey the Federal/State Cooperative System for Public Library Data collected 34 basic data items for each library and 7 identifying items. The data items include number of service outlets, full-time equivalent staff, income, operational expenditures, capital outlay, library collection, public service hours per week, services per typical week, and inter-library loans. Forty-four states and the District of Columbia agreed to participate in this program.
Curated

Public Libraries Data, 1987: [United States] (ICPSR 2210)

Released/updated on: 2002-03-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1987-01-01--1987-12-31
For this survey the Federal/State Cooperative System for Public Library Data collected 34 basic data items and 7 identifying items for libraries in the United States in 1987. The data items include number of service outlets, full-time equivalent staff, income, operational expenditures, capital outlay, library collection, public service hours per week, services per typical week, and inter-library loans. Nineteen states agreed to participate in this survey.
Curated

Library General Information Survey (LIBGIS) [United States]: Public Library Universe, 1981 (ICPSR 2279)

Released/updated on: 2002-03-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1981-01-01--1981-12-31
The primary purpose of this project was to compile a directory of all main public libraries in the United States. Significant variables include name, address, population served, and the name of the chief state library officer. Branches of the main public libraries were not included in this survey.
Curated

Library General Information Survey (LIBGIS) I [United States]: Public Libraries, Fiscal Year 1974 (ICPSR 2208)

Released/updated on: 2002-03-19
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1974-01-01--1974-12-31
This survey provides information about public libraries' public service outlets, holdings, staffing, receipts, expenditures, loan transactions, physical facilities, and hours and days open. These data also contribute to an understanding of the total picture of school, academic, and public libraries on a nationwide basis.
Curated

Library General Information Survey (LIBGIS) I [United States]: Public School Libraries/Media Centers, Fall 1974 (ICPSR 2225)

Released/updated on: 2002-03-19
Geographic coverage: United States
This survey provides current information for individual public school libraries/media centers on holdings, expenditures, staffing, loan transactions, physical facilities, and hours and days open. It also contributes to an understanding of the total picture of public school libraries on a nationwide basis.
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