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Correctional officers (CO's) have high stress levels affecting their well-being and work performance. The longer-term adverse consequences of stress have been well documented. However, the immediate impacts of stress on CO's neurocognitive function have not been assessed (or among other law enforcement groups). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can measure ability to attend to relevant information when making decisions, especially when the context is emotionally charged. This study will use technology to understand the impact of CO's stress on their neurocognitive and physiological function.

The study builds on research from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-funded Oregon Healthy Workforce Center that established an index of chronic stress among more than 1330 Oregon CO's. Researchers will perform a prospective 18-month observational study among CO's from two facilities (n=400) to relate their stress levels to work characteristics, work performance and economic costs. Researchers will identify a sub-cohort of higher/lower stress CO's (total n=60) and compare their fMRI findings; researchers will measure their biomarkers to develop predictive indices of fMRI findings and chronic stress levels. The overarching goal is to understand and effectively reduce chronic stress among corrections officers (COs).

The study attempts to ask the following questions:

1. How did stress levels among COs relate to work contributors of stress and work performance?
2. What were the relationships between fMRI, biomarker tests and stress in higher and lower stress sub-cohorts?

Placental malaria is associated with maternal illness and anemia, low birth weight, and preterm birth. Mali has one of the highest malaria case incidence rates globally, according to World Health Organization (WHO) reports on malaria. Using a rural to urban longitudinal cohort of women who initially resided on the Bandiagara Escarpment at study enrollment, this observational study addressed the following questions:

1. Was risk for placental malaria higher in Bamako (urban) or on the Bandiagara Escarpment (rural)?
2. What were the maternal risk factors for placental malaria in this cohort?
3. What was the association between number of intermittent preventative treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) doses, placental malaria, and birth outcomes?
4. What factors predicted how many doses women received?

Placental samples (N = 317) and accompanying demographic data were collected from 249 women living on the Bandiagara Escarpment or in the District of Bamako during the years 2011 to 2019. Samples were evaluated by histology to assess placental malaria infection stage and parasite density. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) for logistic regression were used to model the risk factors for placental malaria infection (yes/no) and to assess the characteristics of women who had no doses or fewer doses of SP versus 3 or more doses of SP during pregnancy. Lastly, GEE was used to model birth outcomes as continuous dependent variables (birth weight, birth length, and placenta weight).

This mixed-methods randomized controlled trial study, conducted in collaboration with three Dane County (Wisconsin) law enforcement agencies, compared the effects of an 8-week mindfulness training (MT) program relative to a waitlist control (WLC) group on biological, behavioral, and self-report measures of stress and stress-related health outcomes. Across a two-year data collection period, the research team randomly assigned 114 sworn law enforcement officers to MT or WLC groups. Across three timepoints (baseline, post-program, and 3-month follow-up), researchers assessed the impact of MT on perceived stress (Aim 1), physical and mental health outcomes including behaviorally assessed and self-reported sleep quality, cardiovascular risk factors, and symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression (Aim 2), and stress-related biological and behavioral markers (Aim 3), including cortisol output and a behavioral assay of hippocampus function. Data collected as part of this study include quantitative measures obtained during laboratory visits and a week of field data collection, as well as optional semi-structured qualitative interview data.

This collection currently contains the following file types available in zipped package format. Excluding changes made for confidentiality purposes, files have been released as they were received by ICPSR:

• Summary data: Master data file (nij_masterfile.csv) containing demographics, summed scores from self-report questionnaires, behavioral markers, biomarkers, and mindfulness practice logs; Fitbit activity, heart rate, and sleep data (nij_fitbitSummary.csv); saliva sample collection data (nij_salivaCollectionNotes.csv, nij_salivaQCSpreadsheet.xlsx, nij_salivaryCortCleaned.csv, nij_salivaryCortProcessed.csv, nij_salivaryCortRaw.csv); work event log data (nij_workEventsRaw.xlsx)
• Raw behavioral data files: for all timepoints, affective go/no-go task data (agnRaw) and mnemonic similarity task data (mstRaw)
• Summary behavioral data files (agnSummary): for all timepoints, affective go/no-go task data
• Raw Fitbit data files (fitbitRaw): activity/steps, heart rate, and sleep data for all timepoints
• Scripts: R, Python, and bash scripts, with readme files, that were used in biomarker and behavioral marker data cleaning/analysis

Qualitative interview data and documentation are not available at this time.

Using a pragmatic trial design to limit exclusions, the investigators conducted a 36-month multi-center randomized effectiveness trial to compare the impact of an enhanced usual care (control) intervention, with exercise coaching (exercise), on fragility fractures and serious fall-related injuries (FF/SFRI) in patients with a previous fragility fracture. Specifically, the investigators examined the impact of the intervention on social loneliness, physical function, and bone strength. 1,139 individuals over 65 with a history of fragility fractures and/or osteoporosis were recruited over two years across three regions of Pennsylvania and randomized into either the enhanced usual care control group or exercise with coaching treatment group, where in-person exercise activities were led by trained volunteers.

Dataset (DS) 1 contains the following data used for analysis: participant characteristics at baseline by study group (referred to as Table 5 in the documentation), intervention participant characteristics at baseline based on exercise session type (referred to as Table 6), cumulative incidences of first serious fall-related injury compared by study group (referred to as Figure 3), cumulative incidence for first serious fall-related injury by age, gender, race, and osteoporosis medication (referred to as Table 8 and Figure 4), and cumulative incidence for first series fall-related injury by tertile of average intervention sessions per month (referred to as Figure 5). Other datasets used for analysis are fall injury data (DS2), monthly workout sessions data (DS3), secondary outcomes data (DS4, referred to as Table 7), and adverse events data (DS5, referred to as Table 9). DS6 includes markers designating before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 11, 2020), allowing for analyses of participants who experienced fall-related injuries relative to COVID-19.

Datasets labeled "Miscellaneous" were not used in any analysis. These datasets contain extra measures from screening (DS7), baseline assessments (DS8), 4-month check-in visits (DS9), participant's distance to study site (DS10), coaching check-ins for weeks 1-12 (DS11), exercise sessions by month (DS12), adverse events (DS13), and end of study information (DS14).

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 associated disease (COVID-19) is caused by a novel betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, that was first isolated in January 2020 and has since caused a global pandemic unseen in decades in cases and mortality. At the time of initial protocol submission in April 2020, human vaccine clinical trials had just begun and experts predicted that a vaccine would not be available until April 2021 at the earliest. Therefore, new measures remained needed to prevent the spread of disease. In vitro studies suggested a potential moderate antiviral effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ).

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of HCQ to prevent COVID-19 clinical infection and to prevent viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers (HCWs), as well as to evaluate the safety and tolerability of HCQ. Participants prescreened through the Healthcare Exposure Response and Outcomes (HERO) Registry across 34 U.S. clinical centers were randomly assigned to take a placebo (n=676) or HCQ (n=683) for 30 days, with in-person clinic visits at baseline and 30 days, and an end-of-study virtual visit at 60 days. This collection contains analysis (DS1 through DS6) and tabulation (DS7 through DS44) data and accompanying documentation.

This study is a qualitative examination via in-depth interviews and focus groups of barriers and facilitators to receiving postpartum diabetes screenings. The target population is women aged 18-40 who had a history of gestational diabetes within the prior 10 years and received Medicaid during pregnancy. Perspectives from patients, health care providers, and health care staff were solicited for the study. Overall, the goal was to learn about the patient, provider, and staff experience after a pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes in order to understand how health centers may better support patients receiving recommended follow-up screenings and preventing postpartum type 2 diabetes.

All healthcare providers and staff were recruited from federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in Missouri and provided care for women during and after pregnancies with gestational diabetes. Patients were recruited via health care centers or other community sites in the St. Louis metropolitan area. Interview and focus group questions assessed understanding and education provided around gestational diabetes diagnosis and postpartum screening/prevention, as well as prominent barriers and facilitators to gestational diabetes management, postpartum diabetes screening, and diabetes prevention.

The main objective of this pragmatic randomized clinical trial (PCT) is to identify the optimal dose of aspirin for secondary prevention in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). A total of 15,076 high-risk patients with a history of a myocardial infarction (MI) or documented ASCVD were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive 81 mgs versus 325 mgs of aspirin every day. This trial addressed the following specific aims:

1. To compare the effectiveness of two doses of aspirin (81 mg and 325 mg) in reducing a composite of all-cause mortality and hospitalization for nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke, and the primary safety endpoint of major bleeding. Secondary endpoints include the components of the primary endpoint and hospitalization for transient ischemic attack, unstable angina, or coronary revascularization procedures.
2. To compare the effects of aspirin in selected subgroups of patients by sex, age, race, Internet users vs. non-users, and those with diabetes or advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD).
3. To develop and refine the infrastructure for PCORnet to conduct multiple comparative effectiveness trials in the future.
4. To explore biological mediators of heterogeneity of response to aspirin and of impact on clinical events.

The Forces of Change Survey is an annual survey completed by the state and territorial health agencies that comprise the membership of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO). ASTHO is the national nonprofit organization representing public health agencies in the United States, the U.S. territories and freely associated states, and the District of Columbia, and the over 100,000 public health professionals these agencies employ. The Forces of Change Survey primarily focuses on emergent and rapidly changing trends. The data collected sought to determine the current climate at state and territorial health agencies as it related to budget, workforce, accreditation, and special interest topics. The 2017 Forces of Change Survey examined the following topics:

• Health agency resources
• Activities related to the Zika virus
• Opioid epidemic response
• Communicating the value of public health
• Efforts to advance health equity

The web-based survey, fielded by ASTHO in May of 2017, was administered to state and territorial health agencies through their senior deputies. A total of 52 health agencies responded (from 46 states, Washington, D.C., and five territories and freely associated states). Data included as part of this collection includes one dataset with 122 variables for 52 cases.

These data were collected as part of an assessment of in-person and webinar AFIX consultations on best practices for adolescent HPV immunization. AFIX (which stands for Assessment, Feedback, Incentives, and eXchange) is a program of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention aimed at increasing vaccination of children and adolescents by reducing missed opportunities to vaccinate and improving immunization delivery practices at the provider level.

High-volume primary care clinics serving over 370,000 patients ages 11-17 in three states were randomly assigned to receive no consultation or an in-person or webinar AFIX consultation focused on improving adolescent HPV immunization. Immunization specialists from participating state health departments delivered the consultations. Physicians, nurses and other clinic staff in the in-person and webinar arms who participated in the consultation sessions completed web-based surveys pre-consultation (pre-visit survey), post-consultation (post-visit survey) and at six-month follow up (follow-up survey). Topics covered by the surveys include participation in and satisfaction with the assigned consultation delivery mode; strategies for improving HPV vaccination coverage used by the respondents' clinics; opinions about the level of HPV vaccination coverage in the respondents' clinics; and the respondents' self-efficacy for improving HPV vaccination coverage.

The Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies 2 (CJ-DATS 2) was launched in 2008 with a focus on conducting implementation research in criminal justice settings. NIDA's ultimate goal for CJ-DATS 2 was to identify implementation strategies that maximize the likelihood of sustained delivery of evidence-based practices to improve offender drug abuse and HIV outcomes, and to decrease their risk of incarceration.

CJ-DATS 2 HIV Services Treatment Implementation in Corrections focused on implementing interventions to address the HIV continuum of care in correctional settings. There are 5 datasets associated with this study.

-Dataset 1 (DS1) contains data aggregated at the correction facility level that examines delivery of HIV services in the experimental and control study groups (215 cases).

-Dataset 2 (DS2) and Dataset 3 (DS3) detail survey responses from correctional staff about how the HIV services were changed and/or implemented at their facilities (DS2 has 68 cases and DS3 has 85 cases).

-Dataset 4 (DS4) contains survey responses from inmates about their perceptions of the HIV services provided at facilities in which they are incarcerated (2,301 cases).

-Dataset 5 (DS5) contains data merged together by the principal investigator from several surveys given to treatment staff, treatment directors, correctional officers and correctional directors. This dataset includes demographic information, staff perceptions of their work environment, perceptions of HIV infected individuals, evaluations of HIV workshops and perceptions of the delivery of HIV services at their facility (385 cases).

These 5 datasets contain a total of 889 variables.

Overview

Through electronic data collection and improving the efficiency of existing data processes to allow both more complete and specific identification of chronic illness, the study objectives included:

1. Greatly enhance the scope of existing algorithms to permit comprehensive identification of the 20 chronic conditions key to primary care.
2. Improve the specificity of the existing algorithms to permit more precise automated identification of chronic conditions, limiting the amount of human review required.
3. Revise the algorithms to permit identification of more than one condition in a text string.

The investigators developed advanced SAS text string search algorithms and developed a modified parsing table that included inclusion and exclusion patterns and resultant diagnoses. The automation searches through each input text string for the inclusion pattern that is not equivalent to the exclusion pattern and maps the string to the corresponding resultant diagnosis. This technique allows the search functions to be easily modified to include additional search criteria and scaled to encompass additional conditions.

Data Dictionary

A data dictionary for 24 chronic conditions was developed. The dictionary assigns ICD-9 diagnosis codes to problem list text in electronic health record data. The dictionary contains 78,458 records and exists in two forms, a Microsoft Access database and a SAS 9.2 dataset. The Microsoft Access database contains 24 tables, one for each condition. The SAS 9.2 dataset contains four fields. The 24 chronic conditions for which problem list text data were examined and assigned to ICD-9 codes. Conditions include Alcohol Use Disorder, Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis, Atherosclerosis, Atrial Fibrillation, Cerebrovascular Disease, Chronic Liver Disease, COPD, Chronic Renal Disease, Coronary Disease, Dementia, Depression, Diabetes Mellitus, Epilepsy, GERD, Heart Failure, Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension, Migraine Headache, Obesity, Osteoarthritis, Osteopenia/Osteoporosis, Parkinson's Disease, Peptic Ulcer Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Data Access

The data dictionary is not available from ICPSR. For use arrangements, please contact Ruth G. Jenkins, PhD ([email protected]) or Steven M. Ornstein, MD ([email protected]) at the Practice Partner Research Network (PPRNet), Medical University of South Carolina.

Prescription for Health was an initiative funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation in collaboration with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Under this initiative, primary care practice-based research networks (PBRNs) -- groups of ambulatory practices devoted principally to the primary care of patients -- developed, tested, and evaluated innovative strategies to improve the delivery and effectiveness of health behavior change services in primary care practice. The strategies targeted four health risk behaviors: tobacco use, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, and risky alcohol use. Prescription for Health was conducted in two rounds. Round one awarded grants to 17 PBRNs to test the feasibility of implementing the strategies, while round two awarded grants to ten PBRNs to measure the strategies' effectiveness and the expenses associated with them. More than a 100 primary care practices from the ten PBRNs participated in the evaluation.

This data collection comprises the data from one of the data collection efforts carried out by the second round: the responses to the Practice Information Form (PIF), a Web-based instrument which captured key organizational attributes of the participating practices. The PIF data were collected at two time points. Baseline data were collected from each practice before the intervention was implemented and follow-up data were collected approximately one year after the start of the intervention.

Information about the practices collected by the PIF include practice type and ownership; characteristics of each clinician and non-clinician staff person; number of vacancies for clinicians and non clinicians; number of exam rooms and volume of office visits; average number of new patients per month; percentages of patients in various age, race, Hispanic origin, and payer categories; and the predominant type of payment arrangement with health plans. In addition, the PIF asked whether a specific health plan controlled over half of the practice's total business; whether the practice had a pay-for-performance program; whether any payers or organizations publicly reported practice level performance information, such as patient satisfaction, chronic care/disease management, and/or preventive service delivery; and whether practices had a formal process for routinely measuring satisfaction among patients, clinicians, and other staff. The PIF also investigated how practices motivated their clinicians and staff; the level of competition among practices in local markets; the use of computers, electronic medical record systems, and patient registries; major changes that affected each practice's ability to make improvements in patient care; factors that prevented practices from translating the results of research into changes in medical practice; and the use of health risk assessment protocols or questionnaires to identify patients who may benefit from counseling or interventions. Questions about the four Prescription for Health behaviors -- physical activity, healthy eating, smoking cessation, and addressing risky drinking -- asked how practices linked patients to outside resources for each of the four behaviors; how practices used evidence-based guidelines and informed patients about recommendations for the behaviors; and which approaches practices used to support patients ready to engage in a behavior change for each of the behaviors.