Search results

Showing 1 – 42 of 42 results.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Afrobarometer Round 5: The Quality of Democracy and Governance in Lesotho, 2012 (ICPSR 35551)

Released/updated on: 2015-02-12

Geographic coverage: Africa, Lesotho, Global, Sub-Saharan Africa

Time period: 2012-11-26--2012-12-29

The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that collects and disseminates data regarding Africans' views on democracy, governance, the economic, civil society, and related issues. The data are collected from nationally representative samples in face-to-face interviews in the language of the respondent's choice. Standard topics for the Afrobarometer include attitudes toward and evaluations of democracy, governance and economic conditions, political participation, national identify, and social capital. In addition, Round 5 surveys included special modules on taxation; gender issues; crime, conflict and insecurity; globalization; and social service delivery. The surveys also collect a large set of socio-demographic indicators such as age, gender, education level, poverty level, language and ethnicity, and religious affiliation, as well as political party affiliation. Afrobarometer Round 5 surveys were implemented in 35 countries. This particular data collection was concerned with the attitudes and opinions of the citizens of Lesotho, and also includes a number of "country-specific questions" designed specifically for the Lesotho survey.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Afrobarometer Round 5: The Quality of Democracy and Governance in Malawi, 2012 (ICPSR 35554)

Released/updated on: 2015-08-04

Geographic coverage: Malawi, Africa, Global

Time period: 2012-06-04--2012-07-01

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Afrobarometer Round 5: The Quality of Democracy and Governance in Mauritius, 2012 (ICPSR 35556)

Released/updated on: 2015-02-06

Geographic coverage: Africa, Mauritius, Global

Time period: 2012-01-07--2012-02-26

The Afrobarometer project was designed to collect and disseminate information regarding Africans' views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. This particular data collection was concerned with the attitudes and opinions of the citizens of Mauritius. Respondents in a face-to-face interview were asked to rate their president and the president's administration in overall performance, to state the most important issues facing their nation, and to evaluate the effectiveness of certain continental and international institutions. Opinions were gathered on the role of the government in improving the economy, whether corruption existed in local and national government, whether government officials were responsive to problems of the general population, and whether local government officials, the police, the courts, the overall criminal justice system, and the National Electoral Commission could be trusted. Additionally respondents were polled about their political involvement and opinions on controversial topics. Economic questions addressed the past, present, and future of the country's and the respondents' living conditions. Background variables include age, gender, ethnicity, education, religious affiliation, language spoken most at home, whether the respondent was the head of the household, current and past employment status, and language used in interview. In addition, the interviewer's gender, race, and education level is provided.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Afrobarometer Round 5: The Quality of Democracy and Governance in Zimbabwe, 2012 (ICPSR 36214)

Released/updated on: 2015-08-07

Geographic coverage: Africa, Zimbabwe, Global

The Afrobarometer project was designed to collect and disseminate information regarding Africans' views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. This particular survey was concerned with the attitudes and opinions of the citizens of Zimbabwe. Respondents in a face-to-face interview were asked to rate their president and the president's administration in overall performance, to state the most important issues facing their nation, and to evaluate the effectiveness of certain continental and international institutions. Opinions were gathered on the role of the government in improving the economy, whether corruption existed in government, and whether government officials were responsive to problems of the general population. Respondents were also asked whether local government officials, the police, the army, the courts, the overall criminal justice system, and political parties could be trusted. Additionally, respondents were polled on their level of freedom, taxes, what kind of society they most wanted to see, their role in the community, and political action and activities. Economic questions addressed the past, present, and future of the country's and the respondents' economic conditions, and respondents' living conditions. In addition, opinions were sought on a range of additional topics specific to Zimbabwe. These topics included the national election, the Prime Minster, the Inclusive Government, political violence, governmental leadership performance, access to news information, term limits in political positions, national security, and political crimes. Background variables include age, gender, ethnicity, education, religious affiliation and participation, political party affiliation, language spoken most at home, current and past employment status, and language used in the interview.

Curated

Assessing the Consequences of Politicized Confirmation Processes, 2005-2006 (ICPSR 31841)

Released/updated on: 2011-10-13

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2005-05-16--2005-07-19, 2006-01-19--2006-02-13, 2006-05-24--2006-06-21

The data collection represents a loose collaboration between Georgetown University's Center for Democracy and Civil Society (CDACS) and the European Social Survey (ESS). These data contain responses from three separate interviews referred to as Wave One (t1), Wave Two (t2), and Wave Three (t3). Wave One data are from the United States Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy (CID) Survey, and consisted of in-person interviews with a representative sample of 1,001 Americans. The CID survey is a study of American civic engagement, social capital, and democracy in comparative perspective, and it provides perspective on citizen participation in both the public and private realms. The CID survey is integrated with several elements of a module from the 2002 version of the ESS, which was administered in 22 European countries. In addition to the replicated questions from the ESS, the CID survey includes questions related to the themes of social capital, activities in formal clubs and organizations, informal social networks and activities, personal networks (strong and weak ties), the composition and diversity of ties and associations, trust (in other people, the community, institutions, and politicians), local democracy and participation, democratic values, political citizenship, social citizenship, views on immigration and diversity, political identifications, ideology, mobilization and action, and tolerance (concerning views and attitudes, least-likes groups, and racial stereotypes). Wave Two data was collected during the Alito Confirmation Process through re-interviews via telephone of 335 respondents who had completed the 2005 (Wave One) survey. Wave Three data was obtained after the Alito Confirmation Process, comprising re-interviews via telephone of 259 individuals who particpated in Wave Two. Both Wave Two and Wave Three included questions regarding respondents' political affiliations, views on politics and social issues, and trust in groups of people and institutions. In addition the survey queried respondents concerning their knowledge and opinion of the United States Supreme Court and Congress, Supreme Court judges, the confirmation of Samuel Alito to the Supreme Court, as well as advertisements about the process, and their opinion on the rulings of the Supreme Court. Demographic variables include: Wave One - age, gender, race, marital status, religious affilitation and participation, highest level of education (respondent and respondent's partner), employment status (respondent and respondent's partner), income, nationality, and citizenship; Wave Two - has no demographic variables; Wave Three - age, gender, race, and religious affiliation and participation. Also included are attributes of the interviewer and interviewer observations.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1977-1978 and 1979-1980 (ICPSR 8158)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-30

This data collection offers detailed tabulations of political campaign expenditures and contributions. Party and non-party committee information provided in parts 1-8 includes the committee name and special interest group designation, gross receipts, transfers, loans, both cash and in-kind contributions, gross disbursements, debts, contributions to House, Senate, and Presidential candidates, and expenditures made on behalf of those candidates. For parts 9 and 10, the House and Senate files, data are supplied on candidate name, incumbency status, party, receipts, transfers, disbursements, number and dollar amounts of individual contributions, contributions from major parties, from corporations, and from labor, independent expenditures for and against the candidate, and percentage of the November 1980 general election vote received. Parts 11 and 12, the Presidential Pre-Nomination Campaigns files, contain data on candidate name and party, total receipts, transfers, exempt fundraising, federal matching funds, contributions from candidate and other sources, independent expenditures for and against the candidate, debts, and total expenditures made in each state by candidates receiving federal matching funds. Part 13 specifies for each state the legal spending limit in 1980 for candidates eligible to receive federal matching funds.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1978-1990: Longitudinal Political Action Committee (PAC) Data (ICPSR 6260)

Released/updated on: 1994-10-19

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1978-01-01--1990-01-01

This collection provides a longitudinal summary compilation of political action committee (PAC) campaign contributions previously released under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). These data, made available by the Federal Election Commission, were taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by PACs, which are required to file such information under the federal election laws. This collection contains one record for each PAC and covers the years 1978-1990. Variables include total contributions made to incumbents and nonincumbents, Republicans and Democrats, House and Senate candidates, candidates running and candidates not running, and general election winners and losers.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1978-1992: Longitudinal Political Action Committee (PAC) Data (ICPSR 6335)

Released/updated on: 1995-12-21

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1978-01-01--1992-01-01

This collection provides a longitudinal summary compilation of political action committee (PAC) campaign contributions previously released under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). These data were taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by PACs, which are required to file such information under the federal election laws. This collection contains one record for each PAC. Variables include total contributions made to incumbents and nonincumbents, Republicans and Democrats, House and Senate candidates, candidates running and candidates not running, and general election winners and losers.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1981-1982 (ICPSR 8238)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1981-01-01--1982-01-01

According to the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as amended), political party and non-party committees must limit their campaign spending and report their expenditures to the Federal Election Commission (FEC). The information collected by the FEC outlines the party and non-party committee expenditures for each candidate supported and also presents the data by candidate and House or Senate position sought. This data collection is contained in six files. Party data are contained in two files: a spread file that contains a record for each party committee in alphabetical order by committee ID number, and a cross-tabs file that contains one or more records for each party committee, organized first by committee ID number and then by candidate ID number. Non-party and House/Senate data are also contained in a spread file and a cross-tabs file, both organized in the same manner as the party files. Candidates are designated by a candidate ID number that includes the federal office sought (coded "S" for Senate or "H" for House) and the state in which the candidate ran. Specific variables record information on total receipts and the amounts of contributions from corporations, labor organizations, membership and trade associations, and health-related organizations. Variables also detail the committees' amount of available cash, debts owed to and by organizations, amount of in-kind contributions, and expenditures.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1983-1984 (ICPSR 8511)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1983-01-01--1984-12-31

Detailed data on campaign contributions and expenditures on behalf of or against political candidates are included in this collection. Information provided for United States Congressional campaigns includes the candidate's name, incumbency status, party affiliation, receipts, disbursements, contributions from the candidate, loans, debts, aggregate contributions by amount and source, and independent expenditures for and against the candidate. Data on party and non-party political committees include the committee name, special-interest group classification, receipts, cash and in-kind contributions made and received, disbursements, debts, and total expenditures for and against House, Senate, and Presidential candidates.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1983-1984: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 9313)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1983-01-01--1984-12-31

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. The files are essentially copies of the FEC's on-line computer files for the 1983-1984 election cycle. The Candidate Master File (Part 1) contains a record for each registered candidate for federal office. It includes the candidate's name, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, identification number of the principal campaign committee, office sought, and election year. The Committee Master File (Part 2) contains a record for each registered committee for federal office. Information provided includes the committee's identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, committee designation and type, party affiliation, report filing frequency, special interest group category and connected organization's name, and multicandidate committee status. The Detailed Report File (Part 3) contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1983-1984 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, the report year and type, the time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and end cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, and refunds. The Itemized PAC Contribution File (Part 4) contains one record for each type of contributor for each reporting period. Information covered in this file includes the type and year of the report, the time period covered by the report, total contributions, net contributions, total contribution refunds, net operating expenditures, cash on hand, debts and obligations owed by the committee, debts and obligations owed to the committee, contributions from individuals, and loans made or guaranteed by the candidate.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1985-1986: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 8939)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1985-01-01--1986-12-31

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others who are required to file under the federal election laws. The files are essentially copies of the FEC's on-line computer files for the 1985-1986 election cycle. The Candidate Master File (Part 1) contains a record for each registered candidate for federal office. It includes the candidate's name, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, the identification number of the principal campaign committee, the office sought, and the election year. The Committee Master File (Part 2) contains a record for each registered committee for federal office. The information provided includes the committee's identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, committee designation and type, party affiliation, report filing frequency, special interest group category and connected organization's name, and multicandidate committee status. The Itemized PAC Contribution File (Part 3) presents all transactions (contributions or disbursements) by a political committee for or on behalf of/in opposition to a candidate for federal office or his/her authorized committee occurring during the 1985-1986 election cycle. Items include whether the transaction was made in connection with a 1985-1986 primary, general, special or runoff election, or with a prior or future election, the date and amount of transaction, and identification number of the filer on whose behalf the transaction took place. The Detailed Report File (Part 4) contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1985-1986 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, the report year and type, the time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and end cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, and refunds.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1985-1986: Reports on Financial Activity (RFA) Data (ICPSR 8937)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1985-01-01--1986-12-31

These data are produced in conjunction with Federal Election Commission (FEC) Reports On Financial Activity (RFA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by political committees and others who are required to file under the federal election laws. The data present summary information concerning filers' gross receipts, disbursements, debts, cash on hand, etc. They also include information on particular party and nonparty committee support of individual candidates. The data for United States congressional campaigns supply summarized information about the campaign, including the candidate's name, incumbency status, party affiliation, receipts, disbursements, contributions from the candidate, loans, debts, aggregate contributions by amount and source, and independent expenditures for and against the candidate. The party and nonparty political committee data contain summary information for committees including the committee name, special-interest group classification, receipts, cash and in-kind contributions made and received, disbursements, debts, and total expenditures for and against House and Senate candidates.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1987-1988: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 9314)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1987-01-01--1988-12-31

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. The files are essentially copies of the FEC's on-line computer files for the 1987-1988 election cycle. The Candidate Master File (Part 1) contains a record for each registered candidate for federal office. It includes the candidate's name, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, identification number of the principal campaign committee, office sought, and election year. The Committee Master File (Part 2) contains a record for each registered committee for federal office. Information provided includes the committee's identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, committee designation and type, party affiliation, report filing frequency, special interest group category and connected organization's name, and multicandidate committee status. The Detailed Report File (Part 3) contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1987-1988 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, the report year and type, the time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and end cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, and refunds. The Itemized PAC Contribution File (Part 4) contains one record for each type of contributor for each reporting period. Information included in this file covers the type and year of the report, the time period covered by the report, total contributions, net contributions, total contribution refunds, net operating expenditures, cash on hand, debts and obligations owed by the committee, debts and obligations owed to the committee, contributions from individuals and loans made, or guaranteed by the candidate.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1987-1988: Reports on Financial Activity (RFA) Data (ICPSR 9315)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1987-01-01--1988-12-31

These data are produced in conjunction with Federal Election Commission (FEC) Reports On Financial Activity (RFA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by political committees and others required to file under the federal election laws. The data present summary information concerning filers' gross receipts, disbursements, debts, cash on hand, etc. They also include information on particular party and non-party committee support of individual candidates. The data for United States congressional campaigns supply summarized information about the campaign, including the candidate's name, incumbency status, party affiliation, receipts, disbursements, contributions from the candidate, loans, debts, aggregate contributions by amount and source, and independent expenditures for and against the candidate. The party and non-party political committee data contain summary information for committees including the committee name, special-interest group classification, receipts, cash and in-kind contributions made and received, disbursements, debts, and total expenditures for and against House and Senate candidates.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1989-1990: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 3592)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1989-01-01--1990-01-01

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1989-1990 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, and refunds.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1989-1990: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 9775)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1989-01-01--1990-12-31

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. The files are essentially copies of the FEC's on-line computer files for the 1989-1990 election cycle. The Candidate Master Data file (Part 1) contains a record for each registered candidate for federal office. It includes the candidate's name, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, identification number of the principal campaign committee, office sought, and election year. The Committee Master Data file (Part 2) contains a record for each registered committee for federal office. Information provided includes the committee's identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, committee designation and type, party affiliation, report filing frequency, special interest group category and connected organization's name, and multicandidate committee status. The Itemized Individual Contribution File (Part 3) contains a record for each candidate and his or her committee, other political committees, and persons making independent expenditures. Itemized receipt and disbursement information presented in the file includes the filer identification number, amendment and primary-general indicators, report and transaction types, address, occupation, transaction date, and transaction amount. The Itemized PAC Contribution File (Part 4) contains one record for each type of contributor for each reporting period. Information included in this file covers the type and year of the report, the time period covered by the report, total contributions, net contributions, total contribution refunds, net operating expenditures, cash on hand, debts and obligations owed by and to the committee, contributions from individuals, and loans made or guaranteed by the candidate. The Detailed Report File (Part 5) contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1989-1990 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, the report year and type, the time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, and refunds.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1989-1990: Reports on Financial Activity (RFA) Data (ICPSR 9828)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1989-01-01--1990-01-01

These data offer information on the campaigns of all individuals who registered under the Federal Election Campaign Act as 1989 or 1990 candidates for the United States Senate or House of Representatives. Also included are some individuals who were certified by the appropriate state authorities as official Senate or House candidates in a 1989 or 1990 primary, runoff, or general election but who had not registered with the Federal Election Commission. Information is provided on the filer's gross receipts, disbursements, debts, and cash on hand. Information on particular party and non-party committee support of candidates is included as well. The congressional campaign data contain variables on candidate's name, incumbency status, party affiliation, receipts, disbursements, contributions from the candidate, loans, debts, aggregate contributions by amount and source, and independent expenditures for and against the candidate. The party and nonparty political committee data contain summary information for committees including the committee name, special interest group classification, receipts, cash and in-kind contributions, and total expenditures for or against House and Senate candidates.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1991-1992: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 6334)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1991-01-01--1992-01-01

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1991-1992 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, refunds, and whether the record reports the activity of a Joint Fundraising Committee.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1991-1992: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 6337)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1991-01-01--1992-01-01

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1991-1992: Reports on Financial Activity (RFA) Data (ICPSR 6336)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1991-01-01--1992-01-01

These data offer information on the campaigns of all individuals who registered under the Federal Election Campaign Act as candidates in the 1991 or 1992 elections for the United States Senate or House of Representatives. Also included are some individuals who were certified by the appropriate state authorities as official Senate or House candidates in a 1991 or 1992 primary, runoff, or general election but who had not registered with the Federal Election Commission. Information is provided on the filer's gross receipts, disbursements, debts, and cash on hand. Information on particular party and nonparty committee support of candidates is included as well. The congressional campaign data contain variables on candidate's name, incumbency status, party affiliation, receipts, disbursements, contributions from the candidate, loans, debts, aggregate contributions by amount and source, and independent expenditures for and against the candidate. The party and nonparty political committee data contain summary information for committees including the committee name, special interest group classification, receipts, cash and in-kind contributions, and total expenditures for or against House and Senate candidates.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1993-1994: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 3586)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1993-01-01--1994-01-01

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1993-1994 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, refunds, and whether the record reports the activity of a Joint Fundraising Committee.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1993-1994: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 6658)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1993-01-01--1994-01-01

These data, comprising four separate files, are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws for the 1993-1994 election cycle. Part 1, Candidate Master Data, contains a record for every registered candidate for federal office. Each of these records includes the candidate's name, identification number, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, and the identification number of the candidate's principal campaign committee. Part 2, Committee Master Data, includes a record for every registered political committee, unauthorized delegate filer, independent expenditure filer, and communication cost filer. Included in this file is the identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, party affiliation, report filing frequency, and special interest group category of each of these entities. Part 3, Itemized Record of Contributions to/Disbursements on Behalf of Candidates, comprises records of reported contributions to candidates and disbursements on behalf of candidates by political committees, unauthorized delegate filers, independent expenditure filers, and communication cost filers. Information in this file includes the identification number of the contributing/disbursing entity, type of report, and the date, type, and amount of each transaction. Part 4, Itemized Record of Individual/Candidate Contributions, furnishes records of receipts of contributions from individuals, from candidates to their own campaigns, and disbursements to refund contributions to individuals, as reported by candidates and their committees, other political committees, and persons making independent expenditures. Part 4 also covers the tracking of contributions that individuals earmarked for a specific candidate as they proceeded through intermediaries registered with the FEC. Information in this file includes the identification number of the filer, report type, transaction type, date and amount of the transaction, and the name, address, and occupation of the contributor.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1993-1994: Reports on Financial Activity (RFA) Data (ICPSR 6946)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1993-01-01--1994-01-01

These data offer information on the campaigns of all individuals who registered under the Federal Election Campaign Act as candidates in the 1993 or 1994 elections for the United States Senate or House of Representatives. Also included are some individuals who were certified by the appropriate state authorities as official Senate or House candidates in a 1993 or 1994 primary, runoff, or general election but who had not registered with the Federal Election Commission. Information is provided on the filer's gross receipts, disbursements, debts, and cash on hand. Information on particular party and nonparty committee support of candidates is included as well. The congressional campaign data contain variables on candidate's name, incumbency status, party affiliation, receipts, disbursements, contributions from the candidate, loans, debts, aggregate contributions by amount and source, and independent expenditures for and against the candidate. The party and nonparty political committee data contain summary information for committees including the committee name, special interest group classification, receipts, cash and in-kind contributions, and total expenditures for or against House and Senate candidates.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1995-1996: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 3587)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1995-01-01--1996-01-01

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1995-1996 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, refunds, and whether the record reports the activity of a Joint Fundraising Committee.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1995-1996: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 4129)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-30

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1995-01-01--1996-01-01

These data, comprising five separate files, are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws for the 1995-1996 election cycle. Part 1, Candidate Master File, contains a record for every registered candidate for federal office. Each of these records includes the candidate's name, identification number, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, and the identification number of the candidate's principal campaign committee. Part 2, Committee Master File, includes a record for every registered political committee, unauthorized delegate filer, independent expenditure filer, and communication cost filer. Included in this file is the identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, party affiliation, report filing frequency, and special interest group category of each of these entities. Part 3, Itemized Record of Contributions to/Disbursements on Behalf of Candidates, comprises records of reported contributions to candidates and disbursements on behalf of candidates by political committees, unauthorized delegate filers, independent expenditure filers, and communication cost filers. Information in this file includes the identification number of the contributing/disbursing entity, type of report, and the date, type, and amount of each transaction. Part 4, Itemized Record of Individual/Candidate Contributions, furnishes records of receipts of contributions from individuals, from candidates to their own campaigns, and disbursements to refund contributions to individuals, as reported by candidates and their committees, other political committees, and persons making independent expenditures. Part 4 also covers the tracking of contributions that individuals earmarked for a specific candidate as they proceeded through intermediaries registered with the FEC. Information in this file includes the identification number of the filer, report type, transaction type, date and amount of the transaction, and the name, address, and occupation of the contributor. Part 5, Itemized Record of Miscellaneous Transactions, contains all transactions (contribution, transfers, etc., among federal committees), all data in the itemized committee contributions file, plus PAC contributions to party committees, party transfers from state committee to state committee, and party transfers from national committee to state committee.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1997-1998: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 3588)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1997-01-01--1998-01-01

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1997-1998 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, refunds, and whether the record reports the activity of a Joint Fundraising Committee.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1999-2000: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 3589)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1999-01-01--2000-01-01

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1999-2000 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, and refunds.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1999-2000: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 4130)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-30

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1999-01-01--2000-01-01

These data, comprising five separate files, are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws for the 1999-2000 election cycle. Part 1, Candidate Master File, contains a record for every registered candidate for federal office. Each of these records includes the candidate's name, identification number, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, and the identification number of the candidate's principal campaign committee. Part 2, Committee Master File, includes a record for every registered political committee, unauthorized delegate filer, independent expenditure filer, and communication cost filer. Included in this file is the identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, party affiliation, report filing frequency, and special interest group category of each of these entities. Part 3, Itemized Record of Contributions to/Disbursements on Behalf of Candidates, comprises records of reported contributions to candidates and disbursements on behalf of candidates by political committees, unauthorized delegate filers, independent expenditure filers, and communication cost filers. Information in this file includes the identification number of the contributing/disbursing entity, type of report, and the date, type, and amount of each transaction. Part 4, Itemized Record of Individual/Candidate Contributions, furnishes records of receipts of contributions from individuals, from candidates to their own campaigns, and disbursements to refund contributions to individuals, as reported by candidates and their committees, other political committees, and persons making independent expenditures. Part 4 also covers the tracking of contributions that individuals earmarked for a specific candidate as they proceeded through intermediaries registered with the FEC. Information in this file includes the identification number of the filer, report type, transaction type, date and amount of the transaction, and the name, address, and occupation of the contributor. Part 5, Itemized Record of Miscellaneous Transactions, contains all transactions (contribution, transfers, etc., among federal committees), all data in the itemized committee contributions file, plus PAC contributions to party committees, party transfers from state committee to state committee, and party transfers from national committee to state committee.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 2001-2002: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 3590)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2001-01-01--2002-01-01

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 2001-2002 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, refunds, and whether the record reports the activity of a Joint Fundraising Committee.

Curated

Comparative Political Parties Data, 1950-1962 (ICPSR 7534)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: Benin, Myanmar, Cambodia, Sudan, Malaysia, Paraguay, Portugal, Iceland, Global, North Korea, Greece, Austria, El Salvador, Iran, Luxembourg, Guatemala, Ecuador, Hungary, Ghana, Albania, New Zealand, Canada, Turkey, Central African Republic, Peru, Germany, United States, Guinea, Chad, Netherlands, Sweden, Ireland, France, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Togo, Uruguay, United Kingdom, Kenya, Lebanon, Cuba, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Australia, Soviet Union, Indonesia

Time period: 1950-01-01--1962-01-01

This data collection contains the observed characteristics of 158 diverse political parties operating in 53 countries between 1950 and 1962. The variables consist of both substantive coding of party characteristics and data quality measures. A base of 111 variables place party characteristics in a conceptual framework of 11 categories: institutionalization, governmental status, social attraction, social concentration, social reflection, issue orientation, goal orientation, autonomy, degree of organization, centralization of power, coherence, and involvement. Every variable that was coded was selected because of its relevance to a concept in the framework. The remaining variables are derived measures of the quality of those data.

Curated

Elmira Community Study, 1948 (ICPSR 7203)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States, New York (state)

This four-wave data collection contains information on the social and psychological aspects of political behavior among voters in Elmira, New York, in 1948. In order to probe voting behavior among the electorate, information was gathered about labor unions and community organizations, social and ethnic differences, perceptions of group voting trends, the influence of family and friends, polarization between social groups, and effects of political campaigns on social groups. Respondents were asked about their party choice, voting intentions, perceived best Republican and Democratic presidential candidates, the two major electoral issues facing the country, effects of the elected president on the relations between the United States and Russia, and their voting behaviors. Other items probed respondents' feelings about price controls, big corporations, labor unions, the economy, cost of living, relations between labor and management, their community, their job, war prospects, and the Middle East crisis. Additional items queried respondents on exposure to and use of the news media, recreational and reading habits, the role of mass media in transmitting political information, and the effects of specific campaign events on voters. Demographic items specify age, education, sex, marital status, religion, occupation, social class, club memberships, family's choice of presidential candidate, veteran status, length of residence in neighborhood, and nationality.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Eurobarometer 73.4: Financial and Economic Crisis, the Future of the European Union, Globalization, and European Citizenship, May 2010 (ICPSR 34384)

Released/updated on: 2013-02-20

Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Iceland, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Spain, Czech Republic, Turkey, Belgium, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Macedonia, Germany, Estonia

Time period: 2010-05-05--2010-05-28

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.

This round of Eurobarometer surveys includes the standard modules and covers the following special topics: (1) the financial and economic crisis, (2) the future of the European Union, (3) globalization, and (4) European citizenship. Questions pertain to household financial situation, opinions on performance of the EU economy, reformation of the financial system, national currency and the Euro, public debt, the EU exiting present crisis and preparing for the next decade, and attitudes towards globalization. Other questions address country identification, opinions of European citizenship, the EU achievements for citizens, representation and democracy, the European Citizens' Initiative, and participation of citizens in society.

Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, origin of birth (personal and parental), marital status, age when stopped full-time education, occupation, left-right political self-placement, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Eurobarometer 75.3: Europe 2020, Financial and Economic Crisis, European Union Budget, and the Common Agricultural Policy, May 2011 (ICPSR 34545)

Released/updated on: 2015-08-13

Time period: 2011-05-06--2011-05-26

This round of Eurobarometer surveys includes the standard modules and covers the following special topics: (1) Europe 2020 strategy, (2) the financial and economic crisis, (3) European Union budget, and (4) the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Questions pertain to economic governance in the EU, the EU growth strategy, importance of financial initiatives, and EU citizenship. Other questions address knowledge, preferences, and assessment of EU funds, as well as opinions on EU Objectives. Respondents were asked opinions on farming practices, thoughts on upper limits of direct payments, agricultural products and foodstuffs, as well as opinions on agricultural policy.

Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status and parental relations, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, left-right political self-placement, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone and other goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Eurobarometer 76.1: Financial and Economic Crisis, Financial Services, Corruption, Development Aid, and Gender Equality, September 2011 (ICPSR 34552)

Released/updated on: 2013-10-11

Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Spain, Czech Republic, Belgium, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia

Time period: 2011-09-03--2011-09-18

This round of Eurobarometer surveys covers the following special topics: (1) the economic and financial crisis, (2) European Parliament (EP) energy policy, (3) financial services, (4) corruption, (5) development aid, and (6) gender equality. Questions pertain to experiences and opinions of purchasing financial products and services abroad and within the EU, as well as awareness of, experiences with, and attitudes towards misconduct within the EU. Other questions address attitudes towards developing countries, opinions about equal opportunity for women, and the representation of women in leadership positions within the EU.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Faith Matters Survey, 2006 (ICPSR 36315)

Released/updated on: 2016-03-22

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2006-06-01--2006-08-01

The Faith Matters (FM) Survey was conducted on behalf of Harvard University by International Communications Research in the summer of 2006. The national survey interviewed approximately 3,100 respondents in an hour-long phone survey both about their religion (beliefs, belongings and behavior) and their social and political engagement. The 2006 Faith Matters Survey provides the bulk of the data in the book American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites us by Campbell and Putnam. Wherever possible the Faith Matters Survey replicated questions asked in other surveys, enabling the research team to validate findings with different sources of data (including the General Social Survey and the National Election Studies). Interviews were conducted in both English and Spanish. To ensure the accuracy of the Spanish translation, the team had the survey backward-translated into English after completion. When asked if they would like to participate in the survey, respondents were not told that it was a study about religion. Instead, interviewers introduced themselves and said that the survey was being conducted on behalf of researchers at Harvard and Notre Dame, and that it was "on some current events". Demographic variables in this study include age, gender, education, household income, ethnicity, political ideology, and citizenship.

Curated

JABISS: The Japanese Election Study, 1976 (ICPSR 4682)

Released/updated on: 2008-02-27

Geographic coverage: Asia, Japan, Global

The JABISS study was a nationwide sample survey conducted in Japan as a two-wave panel: before and after the 1976 Japanese House of Representatives election. The pre-election survey queried Japanese respondents about political disaffection, importance and performance issues, party support, group and leader affect, political participation and compliance attitudes, candidate support, social interaction, group memberships and political support, attitudes toward the February 1976 Lockheed incident, and respondent and household demographic and background information. Demographic variables include gender, age, marital status, income, religious preference, and highest level of education. The post-election survey asked respondents about mass media exposure and its effects during the campaign, informal campaign communications, political involvement, party perceptions and identification, candidate contacts and perceptions, the 1976 vote and past vote records, issue attitudes, quality of life, and cultural values. The name, "JABISS," is derived from the names of the Japanese-American group of five scholars who conducted the Japanese Election Study: "J" for Japan and Joji Watanuki, "A" for America, "B" for Bradley Richardson, "I" for Ichiro Miyake, "S" for Scott Flanagan, and "S" for Shinsaku Kohei.

Curated

Negro Political Participation Study, 1961-1962 (ICPSR 7255)

Released/updated on: 2006-08-15

Geographic coverage: North Carolina, Mississippi, United States, Texas, Tennessee, Louisiana, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Virginia, Arkansas, South Carolina

Time period: 1961-01-01--1962-01-01

This study was designed to investigate patterns of political participation among adult Blacks in the South. All interviews were taken in the former confederate states: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. Along with a Black adults sample (Part 2), a sample of White adults (Part 3) was included as a control group for comparison and a sample of Black students (Part 1) was interviewed with an aim to projecting trends in participation patterns. Variables ascertained voting behavior, political discussion, degree of political organizational activity, participation in demonstrations, and communication with public officials as modes of political participation. Respondents' views on Black leadership, effectiveness of Black organizations, attitudes of White leaders and officials, the effect of electoral laws on Black participation, perceptions of the major parties, party identification, and feelings on race relations were also assessed. The questions asked of both adult samples are identical, and the data may be used for comparative purposes. Demographic data include age, sex, level of education, primary and secondary occupations, religious preference, and family income.

Curated

Political Participation and Equality in Seven Nations, 1966-1971 (ICPSR 7768)

Released/updated on: 2000-05-01

Geographic coverage: Netherlands, Austria, Yugoslavia, Japan, Nigeria, Global, India

Time period: 1966-01-01--1971-01-01

This data collection is composed of seven files: six individual country datasets (Austria, India, Japan, Netherlands, Nigeria, and Yugoslavia) and a comparative cross-national dataset. The study resulted from data collected for the collaborative project "Cross-National Program in Political and Social Change" in seven nations conducted primarily by Sidney Verba, Norman H. Nie, and Jae-On Kim. This survey was designed to deal comprehensively with one aspect of the larger study: to ascertain the ways citizens participate politically in local and national affairs and the processes that lead them to do so. Personal interviews were conducted from 1966 to 1971 in seven nations, including the United States. The United States dataset can be found separately in the collection, POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN AMERICA, 1967 [ICPSR 7015], and is included in the Cross-National file (Part 7). Questions were asked to measure respondents' involvement in political organizations at both the local and national levels, participation in formal and informal community groups, the extent of individual contact with public officials, attitudes toward recent political and social changes, and interest in the political process. Demographic items specify age, sex, marital status, occupation, household composition, length of stay in community, size of community, education, home ownership, family income, political party identification, religion, race, union membership, position in union, and reason for joining union.

Curated

Southern Grassroots Party Activists Project, 2001 (ICPSR 4266)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-17

Geographic coverage: North Carolina, Mississippi, United States, Texas, Tennessee, Louisiana, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Virginia, Arkansas, South Carolina

Similar to SOUTHERN GRASSROOTS PARTY ACTIVISTS PROJECT, 1991-1992 (ICPSR 6307), this 2001 data collection is a study of politics at the grassroots level. The immediate goal of the project was to describe the condition of contemporary grassroots party activism and organization in 11 Southern states: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. Political party activists from both the Democratic and Republican parties were surveyed in each of the 11 states, with data focusing on a range of characteristics of the party activists, including their party position, recruitment to party activism, incentives for involvement in party politics, campaign activities, communication with others in the party organization, attitudes toward involvement, perceptions of parties, issue orientations, and demographic and social attributes.

Curated

Uganda Elite Study, 1964-1968 (ICPSR 7397)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: Africa, Uganda, Global

Time period: 1964-01-01--1968-01-01

This study includes information on Ugandan elites, collected from the 1964, 1966, and 1968 editions of WHO'S WHO IN EAST AFRICA, prepared and published by Marco Surveys. Data are provided on ethnic background, place of birth, education, occupation, religious affiliation, party membership, and political activity. Participation in voluntary and tribal associations, status mobility, and occupational changes were also assessed.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

United States Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy (CID) Survey, 2006 (ICPSR 4607)

Released/updated on: 2016-10-11

Geographic coverage: Hungary, United States, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Czech Republic, Belgium, Norway, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Poland, Italy, Israel, Slovenia, France, Germany

This data collection represents a loose collaboration between Georgetown University's Center for Democracy and Civil Society (CDACS) and the European Social Survey (ESS). The data in Part 1 are from the United States Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy (CID) Survey, which was conducted between mid-May and mid-July of 2005, and consists of in-person interviews with a representative sample of 1,001 Americans who responded to an 80-minute questionnaire. The CID survey is a study of American civic engagement, social capital, and democracy in comparative perspective, and it provides perspective on citizen participation in both the public and private realms. The CID survey is integrated with several elements of a module from the 2002 version of the ESS, which was administered in 22 European countries. In addition to the replicated questions from the ESS, the CID survey includes questions related to the themes of social capital, activities in formal clubs and organizations, informal social networks and activities, personal networks (strong and weak ties), the composition and diversity of ties and associations, trust (in other people, the community, institutions, and politicians), local democracy and participation, democratic values, political citizenship, social citizenship, views on immigration and diversity, political identification, ideology, mobilization and action, and tolerance (concerning views and attitudes, least-liked groups, and racial stereotypes).

In order to facilitate and encourage the common use of several key variables, and to help individual users to avoid having to create certain scales and indices, the data in Part 1, Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy Survey Data (US Only), also include the following constructed variables: generalized trust, political action, party identification, participation in voluntary organizations, citizenship norms, the diversity of social networks, racial prejudice/negative stereotypes, national pride, attitudes toward immigrants, and demographic factors.

The data in Part 2, 2002 European Social Survey (ESS) Data Integrated with US Data, comprise the responses from the 2002 ESS merged with the responses from the US CID, but only contains the questions common to both the US CID and the 2002 ESS (without any constructed variables). The central aim of the ESS is to measure and explain how people's social values, cultural norms, and behavior patterns are distributed, the way in which they differ within and between nations, and the direction and speed at which they are changing. Data collection for the ESS takes place every two years, by means of face-to-face interviews of around an hour in duration.

Demographic variables for Part 1 and Part 2 include race, gender, age, marital status, income, religious preference, and highest level of education.