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Self-published

Replication package for "Economic Shocks and Religious Conflict in Medieval India" (ICPSR 308085)

Released/updated on: 2026-07-13

Geographic coverage: India

Time period: 1200-01-01--1730-12-31

The zipped folder includes data and codes to replicate results for the paper Economic Shocks and Religious Conflict in Medieval India, to be published in the Journal of Economic Hsistory.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Survey of Russian Elites, Moscow, Russia, 1993-2020 (ICPSR 3724)

Released/updated on: 2023-06-01

Geographic coverage: Moscow, Russia

Time period: 1993-01-01--2020-12-31

The Survey of Russian Elites consists of one dataset that covers the years 1993, 1995, 1999, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020. The data were collected as part of a larger study of mass-elite interactions in post-Soviet Russia, with particular emphasis on the links between the domestic political economy and foreign policy perspectives. The dataset includes questions on international relations, threat perceptions, foreign policy decision-making, domestic politics, and economic issues.

In particular, respondents were asked their opinions about the national interests of Russia, the role of military force in international relations, the greatest threats to stability and security, the enlargement of the European Union, NATO expansion, the need for order in Russia, and how closely Russia should follow the path of developed countries. Additional questions asked respondents about their level of influence on foreign policy decision-making, how they find out about world and domestic events, how often they discuss such events with friends or family members, whether the United States represents a threat to Russia, whether they favor giving military aid to other countries, the importance of various foreign policy goals to Russia, the influence of various governmental institutions on foreign policy, and the permissibility of using military force. Questions focusing on domestic issues asked about their attitudes regarding government spending, the rights of individuals versus those of society, the role of political competition, the responsibility of the government to its citizens, the importance and meaning of democracy, and the type of political system that is most appropriate for Russia. Respondents were also asked about Russia's relations with other countries (e.g., Ukraine, Belarus, Japan, and China), various forms of property ownership, their willingness to open a new business, national pride, political protests, the environment, their views toward immigrants and other societal groups, and Russia's political and economic future.

Demographic questions include nationality, education, occupation of the respondent and other family members, sex, age, country of birth, marital status, language spoken in the home, income level, household composition, political party affiliation, religion, military service, and foreign travel.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

New York Times Survey, December 1985 (ICPSR 8690)

Released/updated on: 2017-03-27

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1985-12-14--1985-12-18

The major political parties are the focus of this survey. Respondents were asked to evaluate whether the Democratic or Republican party would do a better job of handling inflation, unemployment, foreign trade problems, the federal budget deficit, and new problems that may arise in the future, and whether either party would be more likely to keep the United States out of war and keep defenses strong. Respondents also were asked to identify which party has more money, is more organized, and cares more about the needs of big business, women, labor unions, farmers, and blacks. In addition, respondents were asked who they considered to be the important leaders of each party and if there were any groups within each party that concerned them. Other items include the respondent's party identification and voting history, Ronald Reagan's performance as President, big corporations, government corruption, the United States Supreme Court, and abortion. Demographic characteristics also are included.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Political and Social Elites of Tanzania, 1964-1968 (ICPSR 5806)

Released/updated on: 2016-11-23

Geographic coverage: Africa, Tanzania, Global

Time period: 1964-01-01--1968-12-31

This collection is comprised of biographical data on 705 Tanzanian political and social elites of African or Arab descent who were mentioned at least once in WHO'S WHO IN EAST AFRICA in the period 1964-1968. Demographic variables provide information on age, sex, place of birth, region of origin, ethnicity, religion, education, occupation, social class status, military training, foreign travels, party membership, trade union membership, membership in women's organizations, political or party leadership positions held, and the number of professional, political, and social organizations with which the elites were affiliated.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

ANES 1996 Time Series Study (ICPSR 6896)

Released/updated on: 2016-09-20

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1992-01-01--1996-12-31

This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948, designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The 1996 National Election Study contains both a pre- and a post-election component. The pre-election survey includes interviews in which approximately 77 percent of the cases are empaneled respondents who were first interviewed in the ANES 1992 TIME SERIES STUDY (ICPSR 6067) or the ANES 1994 TIME SERIES STUDY (ICPSR 6507), or both. The other 23 percent of the pre-election cases are a freshly drawn cross-section sample. Of the 1,714 citizens interviewed during the pre-election stage, 1,534 (89.5 percent) also participated in the post-election survey: 1,197 of these respondents were panel cases and 337 were cross-section. The content of the 1996 Election Study reflects its dual function, both as a traditional presidential election year time-series data collection and as a panel study. Substantive themes presented in the 1996 questionnaires included interest in political campaigns, evaluations of the political parties, knowledge and evaluation of the presidential and House candidates, political participation (including turnout in the presidential primaries and in the November general election as well as other forms of electoral campaign activity), and vote choices for president, the United States House of Representatives, and the United States Senate. Additional items focus on perceptions of personal and national economic well-being, positions on social welfare issues like the role of government in the provision of jobs and a good standard of living, positions on social issues (including abortion, women's roles, and prayer in the schools), racial and ethnic stereotypes, opinions on affirmative action, attitudes toward immigrants, opinions about the nation's most important problems, political predispositions, social altruism, social networks, feeling thermometers for a wide range of political figures and political groups, affinity with various social groups. The 1996 study also includes new measures related to the dynamics of the congressional campaign, questions regarding the importance of issues, and the respondents' level of certainty regarding their expressed opinions, as well as new items about crime, the environment, gun control and income inequality. An eight-minute module of questions included in the post-election survey was developed by a consortium of electoral scholars from 52 polities to facilitate comparative analysis of political attitudes and voting behavior. Social capital items assess trust in people and government as well as membership and activity in a wide variety of social, political, religious, and civic organizations. A full complement of variables on group membership and participation is also available in the Group Membership File which can be merged with the Main Data File. Detailed demographic information is provided, as well as measures of religious affiliation and religiosity.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

ANES 1994 Time Series Study (ICPSR 6507)

Released/updated on: 2016-09-16

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1992-01-01--1994-12-31

This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on public policy issues, and participation in political life. The 1994 National Election Study is a post-election interview in which approximately 42 percent of the cases are empaneled respondents first interviewed in the ANES 1992 TIME SERIES STUDY (ICPSR 6067) and later in the ANES 1993 PANEL STUDY (ICPSR 6264). The other 58 percent of the cases are a freshly drawn cross-section sample. The panel component of the study focuses on the special features of the 1992-1994 elections: a minority president struggling to forge a majority coalition in the face of a strong third-party challenge, and the replacement in 1992 of fully one-quarter of the House of Representatives. Coming at the end of this period, the 1994 National Election Study provides insights into how electoral coalitions form and decay, and how members of the House who were newly-elected in 1992 managed, or failed to secure their districts. The study design themes became especially salient in the aftermath of the November 8 election, when control of the Congress shifted to the Republican Party for the first time since 1952. Survey questions included the standard National Election Studies battery of congressional evaluations supplemented by questions on term limits, the respondents' representatives' votes on President Bill Clinton's crime bill, and whether respondents felt that their representatives cared more about their own prestige and influence than about solving the problems of their congressional districts. The content of the 1994 Election Study reflects its dual purpose, both as the traditional presidential election year time-series data collection and as the third wave of a panel study. In addition to the standard demographic items, respondents were asked about their opinions on the following substantive themes: interest in the campaign, media exposure, presidential performance evaluation, measures of partisanship (party likes/dislikes and party identification), which party would better handle certain public problems, summary evaluations (feeling thermometers) on major political figures and social groups, and recent voting behavior. Respondents were also asked about their views on issues such as defense spending, assistance to Blacks, the trade-off between spending and services, health insurance, the role of women, recent proposals to reform welfare, preferences on federal budget allocations, and evaluations of past and prospective economic trends. They were also queried on the extent of their participation in the campaign and their values regarding egalitarianism, attitudes toward race, school prayer, and abortion.

Curated

ANES 1974 Time Series Study (ICPSR 7355)

Released/updated on: 2015-11-10

Geographic coverage: United States

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Afrobarometer Round 5: The Quality of Democracy and Governance in Liberia, 2012 (ICPSR 35552)

Released/updated on: 2015-03-12

Geographic coverage: Liberia, Africa, Global, Sub-Saharan Africa

Time period: 2012-06-25--2012-07-25

The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that collects and disseminates data regarding Africans' views on democracy, governance, the economy, civil society, and related issues. This particular data collection was concerned with the attitudes and opinions of the citizens of Liberia, and includes a number of questions related to campaigns, conflict, resolution, and other "country-specific topics" designed specifically for the Liberia survey. The data are collected from nationally representative samples in face-to-face interviews in the language of the respondent's choice. Standard topics for the Afrobarometer include attitudes toward and evaluations of democracy, governance and economic conditions, political participation, national identity, and social capital. In addition, Round 5 surveys included special modules on taxation; gender issues; crime, conflict and insecurity; globalization; and social service delivery. The surveys also collect a large set of socio-demographic indicators such as age, gender, education level, poverty level, language and ethnicity, and religious affiliation, as well as political party affiliation. Afrobarometer Round 5 surveys were implemented in 35 countries.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Afrobarometer Round 5: The Quality of Democracy and Governance in Ghana, 2012 (ICPSR 35548)

Released/updated on: 2015-03-02

Geographic coverage: Africa, Ghana, Global, Sub-Saharan Africa

Time period: 2012-05-08--2012-05-27

The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that collects and disseminates data regarding Africans' views on democracy, governance, the economy, civil society, and related issues. The data are collected from nationally representative samples in face-to-face interviews in the language of the respondent's choice. Standard topics for the Afrobarometer include attitudes toward and evaluations of democracy, governance and economic conditions, political participation, national identity, and social capital. In addition, Round 5 surveys included special modules on taxation; gender issues; crime, conflict and insecurity; globalization; and social service delivery. The surveys also collect a large set of socio-demographic indicators such as age, gender, education level, poverty level, language and ethnicity, and religious affiliation, as well as political party affiliation. Afrobarometer Round 5 surveys were implemented in 35 countries. This particular data collection was concerned with the attitudes and opinions of the citizens of Ghana, and also includes a number of "country-specific questions," many of which are oil-related, designed specifically for the Ghana survey.

Self-published

Guanxi-based Network Analysis Dataset of China's Central Committee (ICPSR 100044)

Released/updated on: 2015-02-18

Geographic coverage: China

Time period: 1922-01-01--2011-12-31

The Guanxi-based Network Analysis Dataset is a unique dataset created from the biographical information of the roughly 1,700 Central Committee members from 1922 to 2011. It also lists birth/death years, birth province, educational background, military experience, Party career assignments, government jobs, visits abroad, and any special remarks. Each Central Committee member’s education level, military generation, provincial origin, kinship, and patron‐client information was coded for each Central Committee‐year. Individual attributes were also collected for each Central Committee member to indicate if he or she was a member of the Politburo or Standing Committee, a Long Marcher, previously purged and rehabilitated, a general officer, a technocrat, and/or a member of the Central Advisory Commission, as appropriate.

Curated

ANES 1974 Time Series Study (ICPSR 35115)

Released/updated on: 2014-06-25

Geographic coverage: United States

Curated

ANES 1994 Time Series Study (ICPSR 35140)

Released/updated on: 2014-05-19

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1990-01-01--1994-12-31

This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The 1994 National Election Study is a post-election interview in which approximately 42 percent of the cases are comprised of empaneled respondents first interviewed in AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1992: PRE- AND POST-ELECTION SURVEY [ENHANCED WITH 1990 AND 1991 DATA] (ICPSR 6067) and later in AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY: 1992-1993 PANEL STUDY ON SECURING ELECTORAL SUCCESS/1993 PILOT STUDY (ICPSR 6264). The other 58 percent of the cases are a freshly drawn cross-section sample. The panel component of the study is designed to exploit the special features of the 1992-1994 elections: a minority president struggling to forge a majority coalition in the face of a strong third-party challenge, and the replacement in 1992 of fully one-quarter of the House of Representatives. Coming at the end of this period, the 1994 National Election Study provides insights into how electoral coalitions form and decay, and how members of the House who were newly-elected in 1992 secured -- or did not secure -- their districts. The design themes became especially salient in the aftermath of the November 8 election, when control of the Congress shifted to the Republican Party for the first time since 1952. Survey questions included the now-standard National Election Studies battery of congressional evaluations supplemented by questions on term limits, the respondent's representative's vote on President Bill Clinton's crime bill, and whether the respondent felt that his or her representative cared more about prestige and influence for himself/herself than about solving the problems of the congressional district. The content for the 1994 Election Study reflects its dual purpose, both as the traditional presidential election year time-series data collection and as the third wave of a panel study. In addition to the standard demographic items, respondents were asked their positions on the following substantive themes: interest in the campaign, media exposure, presidential performance evaluation, measures of partisanship (party likes/dislikes and party identification), which party would better handle certain public problems, summary evaluations (feeling thermometers) on major political figures and social groups, and recent voting behavior. Respondents were also asked their views on issues such as defense spending, assistance to Blacks, the trade-off between spending and services, health insurance, the role of women, recent proposals to reform welfare, preferences on federal budget allocations, and evaluations of retrospective and prospective national and personal economic trends. They were also queried on the extent of their participation in the campaign and their values regarding egalitarianism, attitudes toward race, school prayer, and abortion.

Curated

ANES 1995 Pilot Study (ICPSR 35141)

Released/updated on: 2014-05-19

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1995-08-03--1995-09-10

A number of pilot studies have been conducted by the National Election Studies (NES) for the purpose of developing new instrumentation. The 1995 Pilot Study is part of this effort, which also includes studies conducted in 1979, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1991, and 1993. As in earlier pilot studies (except for 1979), the 1995 study respondents were a subset of the previous year's traditional time-series respondents. The study is a one-wave reinterview of a randomly selected subset of respondents with telephones from the fresh cross-section portion of the AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1994: POST-ELECTION SURVEY [ENHANCED WITH 1992 AND 1993 DATA] (ICPSR 6507). The 1995 Pilot Study was conducted between August 3 and September 10, 1995. The content of the study reflects the NES commitment to improve measures of candidate evaluation, the impact of the campaign, values and predispositions, the comparative study of elections, and other responses to a stimulus letter calling for ideas for content sent to the user community on November 4, 1994. Specific topic areas in the study include: (1) an experiment using different measures of affective reactions to political figures, (2) a module of items being concurrently tested in many other nations as part of a comparative study of politics, (3) a set of 12 items asking respondents to make tradeoffs among programs, taxes, and the budget deficit, (4) a set of items designed to measure attitudes toward the environment and environmental policy, (5) a new measure of "humanitarianism," and (6) an extensive set of items regarding attention to the media intended to capture exposure to the political campaigns. In order to include all of the content, and to test between competing instrumentation, there were two forms of the questionnaire. Rosters of items, such as the thermometer, were randomized in administration to minimize order effects.

Curated

ANES 1996 Time Series Study (ICPSR 35142)

Released/updated on: 2014-05-19

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1990-01-01--1996-12-31

This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952, designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The 1996 National Election Study contains both pre- and post-election components. The Pre-Election Survey includes interviews in which approximately 77 percent of the cases are comprised of impanelled respondents first interviewed in either AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1992: PRE- AND POST-ELECTION SURVEY [ENHANCED WITH 1990 AND 1991 DATA] (ICPSR 6067) or in AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1994: POST-ELECTION SURVEY [ENHANCED WITH 1992 AND 1993 DATA] (ICPSR 6507). The other 23 percent of the pre-election cases are a freshly drawn cross-section sample. Of the 1,714 citizens interviewed during the pre-election stage, 1,534 (89.5 percent) also participated in the Post-Election Survey (1,197 of these were panel cases and 337 were cross-section). The content of the 1996 Election Study reflects its dual function, both as the traditional presidential election year time-series data collection and as a panel study. Substantive themes presented in the 1996 questionnaires included interest in topics such as political campaigns, evaluations of the political parties, knowledge of and evaluation of presidential and House candidates, political participation (including turnout in the presidential primaries and in the November general election and other forms of electoral campaign activity), and vote choice for president, the United States House of Representatives, and the United States Senate, including second choice for president. Additional items focused on perceptions of personal and national economic well-being, positions on social welfare issues like the role of government in the provision of jobs and a good standard of living), positions on social issues (including abortion, women's roles, and prayer in the schools), racial and ethnic stereotypes, opinions on affirmative action, attitudes toward immigrants, opinions about the nation's most important problem, political predispositions, social altruism, social connectedness, feeling thermometers on a wide range of political figures and political groups, affinity with various social groups, and detailed demographic information and measures of religious affiliation and religiosity. Previous updates added a core battery of campaign-related items in the pre-election wave to better understand the dynamics of congressional campaigns, several questions related to issue importance and uncertainty both in relation to respondents and to candidates, an eight-minute module of questions developed by a consortium of electoral scholars from 52 polities to facilitate comparative analysis of political attitudes and voting behavior, and a measure of exposure to entertainment programs as an indirect measure of exposure to campaign advertisements. Additional items from previous updates concerned social issues, the environment, like air quality and the safety of drinking water, and the media. The fifth version of the data adds an auxiliary file consisting of merged data on group membership previously found in 1996 Pre-Post releases. In addition, the documentation for variable V961454, included in both the new Auxiliary file and in the 1996 Pre-Post file, was incorrect. The variable information has been corrected in the codebooks and variable labels for the Auxiliary File but not corrected in the 1996 Pre-Post codebook or variable labels.

External data

German Election Study, September 1965 (ICPSR 34880)

Released/updated on: 2013-09-09

Geographic coverage: Germany, Global

Time period: 1965-09-01--1965-09-30

This study explored the respondents' voting behavior in the 1961 election in the Federal Republic of Germany, anticipated behavior in the 1965 election, and preferences for the government coalition and chancellorship to be elected. Broader questions dealt with the general extent of mass media usage, specifically as a political news source. The respondents' reliance on a variety of other sources of political information was also assessed. Variables probed the respondents' perceptions of whether the CDU/CSU or SPD could best deal with a set of issues facing the Federal Republic. The procedure was repeated as the respondents were asked whether Brandt or Erhard could best deal with a similar list of issues. The survey also included scalometers, which were used in evaluating the major political figures of 1965, and the major political parties. Demographic variables include age, sex, marital status, religious preference, education, occupation, and membership in voluntary associations.

Curated

Prime Ministerial Power in 22 Countries, 1980-2000 (ICPSR 24341)

Released/updated on: 2010-07-08

Geographic coverage: Japan, United Kingdom, Portugal, Iceland, Global, Spain, Malta, New Zealand, Greece, Canada, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Norway, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Israel, Australia, Germany

Time period: 1980-01-01--2000-12-31

This study offers a measure of prime ministerial power to set government policy in 22 countries with established parliamentary democracies. The collection comprises variables relating to the power of prime ministers including an index of prime ministerial power, which consists of a quantitative score of the power of individually named prime ministers in their different terms based on an expert survey conducted in 2001-2003. The expert survey included questions in regard to the prime minister's degree of freedom in selecting cabinet ministers, moving or removing the cabinet ministers, and calling an election when desired. In addition, respondents were queried about the prime minister's ability to influence the cabinet agenda and the policy output of the current government, and the degree of government control over the parliament agenda. Additional variables in the data examined the political and institutional resources available to the prime ministers, of which the following topics were explored: the composition of the cabinet and prime minister's party, rate of government survival, strength of prime minister's party in the parliament, impact of the opposition party on policy, score of leadership influence, policy diversity in government, and government's ideological complexion.

Curated

Biographical Data on Kenyan Elites, 1966-1967 (ICPSR 5804)

Released/updated on: 2009-05-08

Geographic coverage: Global

Time period: 1966-01-01--1967-12-31

This study contains biographical data on 313 Kenyan political elites in the period 1966-1967. Demographic variables provide information on age, religion, sex, ethnicity, education, family status, social class status, work experience, region or province of birth, party membership and position, and income. See the related collection, BIOGRAPHICAL DATA ON TANZANIAN ELITES, 1966-1967 (ICPSR 5805).

Curated

Biographical Data on Tanzanian Elites, 1966-1967 (ICPSR 5805)

Released/updated on: 2009-05-08

Geographic coverage: Tanzania, Global

Time period: 1966-01-01--1967-12-31

This study contains biographical data on 398 Tanzanian political elites in the period 1966-1967. Demographic variables provide information on age, religion, sex, ethnicity, education, family status, social class status, work experience, region or province of birth, party membership and position, and income. See the related collection, BIOGRAPHICAL DATA ON KENYAN ELITES, 1966-1967 (ICPSR 5804), which contains the same variables. See also another related collection, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL ELITES OF TANZANIA, 1964-1968.

Curated

Change and Stability in Russian Foreign Policy Elite Perspectives: Survey of Russian Foreign Policy Elites in Moscow, 2003-2004 (ICPSR 4642)

Released/updated on: 2007-06-18

Geographic coverage: Global, Russia

Time period: 2003-01-01--2004-12-31

Part of the series Change and Stability in Russian Foreign Policy Elite Perspectives (begun in 1999), this data collection is the product of a fourth round of interviews completed by Russian foreign policy elites in the year 2004. Underlying the series has been an effort to identify and explain those foreign policy domains in which orientation to the domestic political system has played a major predictive role. This particular survey explored a number of issues relating to foreign policy, security problems, and international affairs. Respondents were asked for their opinions on several issues such as Russia's priorities with respect to national versus international interests, military intervention in international affairs, threats facing the country, Russia's relationship with the European Union, former Soviet republics such as the Ukraine and Belarus, and the influence of Western and Asian countries on Russia as a nation. Respondents also were asked questions pertaining to foreign policy, media, national security, military aid, national expenditure, individuals' rights, NATO, democracy, and Russia's foreign policy goals. The survey concluded with a number of socio-demographic questions including gender, year and place of birth, nationality, income, education level, and political and religious affiliations.

Curated

Survey of City Council Members in Large American Cities, 1982 (ICPSR 8655)

Released/updated on: 2007-03-05

This datafile consists of the responses to a mail questionnaire sent to randomly selected city council members in large American cities. The study was designed to explore the relationship between local political structure and the personal characteristics, representational styles, and policy perspectives of city council members. The respondents were asked questions about a broad variety of topics, such as factors influencing their decision to run for council, perceptions of sources of conflict within the council and community, the political structure of their city, and perceptions of how well they represent the variety of constituencies within the community. Background information, such as age, sex, political party, principal occupation, and highest level of education attained is also provided on each survey respondent.

Curated

French National Election Panel Study, 1967-1969 (ICPSR 2978)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-30

Geographic coverage: France, Global

Time period: 1967-01-01--1969-12-31

The French National Election Panel Study, 1967-1969, was a detailed examination of the political scene in France during the late 1960s. This study summarized the views of both voters and elected officials on the issues confronting France ahead of the 1967 and 1968 National Assembly elections and the 1969 Presidential election. Part 1 contains the data obtained from the Mass Questionnaire designed to evaluate voter attitudes during the years 1967, 1968, and 1969. The data contain the responses of 2,046 voters sampled across 86 of the 467 electoral districts in France at that time. The 1967 questionnaire solicited the respondents' views on the general conditions in France and the major problems facing France during the late 1960s. Respondents were asked to assess the performance of President Charles DeGaulle and that of the DeGaulle regime and to provide their opinions on a wide range of policy issues concerning the economy, education, welfare reform, and European integration. Respondents were asked to describe their interest in the forthcoming National Assembly elections, their voting history, and any partisan allegiances. The questionnaire also sought respondents' educational, socioeconomic, and professional backgrounds. The 1968 questionnaire reiterated many of the same questions as the 1967 questionnaire with special attention given to the economic conditions in France and the 1968 student riots. The 1969 questionnaire sought essentially the same information as the 1967 and 1968 versions. With presidential elections on the horizon, there was added emphasis on the respondents' confidence in the government, their feelings regarding President DeGaulle, and which party they felt would best handle French affairs. Respondents were also asked to evaluate the results of the preceding National Assembly elections in addition to various policy issues. Part Two contains the data obtained from the 1967 and 1968 Elite Questionnaires, which sought the views of 272 of the 400 candidates (elites) vying for seats in the French National Assembly in the 1967 and 1968 elections. The data summarize the candidates' educational, personal, and political backgrounds. The data also contain responses describing the candidates' knowledge of their constituency and the problems facing their district. Both questionnaires also sought the respondents' views regarding economic, social, and foreign policy. The elites were also asked to share the details and outcomes of their electoral campaign, as well as to describe their conduct while serving as deputy.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1995-1996: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 4129)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-30

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1995-01-01--1996-12-31

These data, comprising five separate files, are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws for the 1995-1996 election cycle. Part 1, Candidate Master File, contains a record for every registered candidate for federal office. Each of these records includes the candidate's name, identification number, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, and the identification number of the candidate's principal campaign committee. Part 2, Committee Master File, includes a record for every registered political committee, unauthorized delegate filer, independent expenditure filer, and communication cost filer. Included in this file is the identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, party affiliation, report filing frequency, and special interest group category of each of these entities. Part 3, Itemized Record of Contributions to/Disbursements on Behalf of Candidates, comprises records of reported contributions to candidates and disbursements on behalf of candidates by political committees, unauthorized delegate filers, independent expenditure filers, and communication cost filers. Information in this file includes the identification number of the contributing/disbursing entity, type of report, and the date, type, and amount of each transaction. Part 4, Itemized Record of Individual/Candidate Contributions, furnishes records of receipts of contributions from individuals, from candidates to their own campaigns, and disbursements to refund contributions to individuals, as reported by candidates and their committees, other political committees, and persons making independent expenditures. Part 4 also covers the tracking of contributions that individuals earmarked for a specific candidate as they proceeded through intermediaries registered with the FEC. Information in this file includes the identification number of the filer, report type, transaction type, date and amount of the transaction, and the name, address, and occupation of the contributor. Part 5, Itemized Record of Miscellaneous Transactions, contains all transactions (contribution, transfers, etc., among federal committees), all data in the itemized committee contributions file, plus PAC contributions to party committees, party transfers from state committee to state committee, and party transfers from national committee to state committee.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1999-2000: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 4130)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-30

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1999-01-01--2000-12-31

These data, comprising five separate files, are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws for the 1999-2000 election cycle. Part 1, Candidate Master File, contains a record for every registered candidate for federal office. Each of these records includes the candidate's name, identification number, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, and the identification number of the candidate's principal campaign committee. Part 2, Committee Master File, includes a record for every registered political committee, unauthorized delegate filer, independent expenditure filer, and communication cost filer. Included in this file is the identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, party affiliation, report filing frequency, and special interest group category of each of these entities. Part 3, Itemized Record of Contributions to/Disbursements on Behalf of Candidates, comprises records of reported contributions to candidates and disbursements on behalf of candidates by political committees, unauthorized delegate filers, independent expenditure filers, and communication cost filers. Information in this file includes the identification number of the contributing/disbursing entity, type of report, and the date, type, and amount of each transaction. Part 4, Itemized Record of Individual/Candidate Contributions, furnishes records of receipts of contributions from individuals, from candidates to their own campaigns, and disbursements to refund contributions to individuals, as reported by candidates and their committees, other political committees, and persons making independent expenditures. Part 4 also covers the tracking of contributions that individuals earmarked for a specific candidate as they proceeded through intermediaries registered with the FEC. Information in this file includes the identification number of the filer, report type, transaction type, date and amount of the transaction, and the name, address, and occupation of the contributor. Part 5, Itemized Record of Miscellaneous Transactions, contains all transactions (contribution, transfers, etc., among federal committees), all data in the itemized committee contributions file, plus PAC contributions to party committees, party transfers from state committee to state committee, and party transfers from national committee to state committee.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1981-1982 (ICPSR 8238)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1981-01-01--1982-12-31

According to the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as amended), political party and non-party committees must limit their campaign spending and report their expenditures to the Federal Election Commission (FEC). The information collected by the FEC outlines the party and non-party committee expenditures for each candidate supported and also presents the data by candidate and House or Senate position sought. This data collection is contained in six files. Party data are contained in two files: a spread file that contains a record for each party committee in alphabetical order by committee ID number, and a cross-tabs file that contains one or more records for each party committee, organized first by committee ID number and then by candidate ID number. Non-party and House/Senate data are also contained in a spread file and a cross-tabs file, both organized in the same manner as the party files. Candidates are designated by a candidate ID number that includes the federal office sought (coded "S" for Senate or "H" for House) and the state in which the candidate ran. Specific variables record information on total receipts and the amounts of contributions from corporations, labor organizations, membership and trade associations, and health-related organizations. Variables also detail the committees' amount of available cash, debts owed to and by organizations, amount of in-kind contributions, and expenditures.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1983-1984 (ICPSR 8511)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1983-01-01--1984-12-31

Detailed data on campaign contributions and expenditures on behalf of or against political candidates are included in this collection. Information provided for United States Congressional campaigns includes the candidate's name, incumbency status, party affiliation, receipts, disbursements, contributions from the candidate, loans, debts, aggregate contributions by amount and source, and independent expenditures for and against the candidate. Data on party and non-party political committees include the committee name, special-interest group classification, receipts, cash and in-kind contributions made and received, disbursements, debts, and total expenditures for and against House, Senate, and Presidential candidates.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1983-1984: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 9313)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1983-01-01--1984-12-31

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. The files are essentially copies of the FEC's on-line computer files for the 1983-1984 election cycle. The Candidate Master File (Part 1) contains a record for each registered candidate for federal office. It includes the candidate's name, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, identification number of the principal campaign committee, office sought, and election year. The Committee Master File (Part 2) contains a record for each registered committee for federal office. Information provided includes the committee's identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, committee designation and type, party affiliation, report filing frequency, special interest group category and connected organization's name, and multicandidate committee status. The Detailed Report File (Part 3) contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1983-1984 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, the report year and type, the time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and end cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, and refunds. The Itemized PAC Contribution File (Part 4) contains one record for each type of contributor for each reporting period. Information covered in this file includes the type and year of the report, the time period covered by the report, total contributions, net contributions, total contribution refunds, net operating expenditures, cash on hand, debts and obligations owed by the committee, debts and obligations owed to the committee, contributions from individuals, and loans made or guaranteed by the candidate.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1987-1988: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 9314)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1987-01-01--1988-12-31

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. The files are essentially copies of the FEC's on-line computer files for the 1987-1988 election cycle. The Candidate Master File (Part 1) contains a record for each registered candidate for federal office. It includes the candidate's name, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, identification number of the principal campaign committee, office sought, and election year. The Committee Master File (Part 2) contains a record for each registered committee for federal office. Information provided includes the committee's identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, committee designation and type, party affiliation, report filing frequency, special interest group category and connected organization's name, and multicandidate committee status. The Detailed Report File (Part 3) contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1987-1988 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, the report year and type, the time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and end cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, and refunds. The Itemized PAC Contribution File (Part 4) contains one record for each type of contributor for each reporting period. Information included in this file covers the type and year of the report, the time period covered by the report, total contributions, net contributions, total contribution refunds, net operating expenditures, cash on hand, debts and obligations owed by the committee, debts and obligations owed to the committee, contributions from individuals and loans made, or guaranteed by the candidate.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1989-1990: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 9775)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1989-01-01--1990-12-31

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. The files are essentially copies of the FEC's on-line computer files for the 1989-1990 election cycle. The Candidate Master Data file (Part 1) contains a record for each registered candidate for federal office. It includes the candidate's name, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, identification number of the principal campaign committee, office sought, and election year. The Committee Master Data file (Part 2) contains a record for each registered committee for federal office. Information provided includes the committee's identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, committee designation and type, party affiliation, report filing frequency, special interest group category and connected organization's name, and multicandidate committee status. The Itemized Individual Contribution File (Part 3) contains a record for each candidate and his or her committee, other political committees, and persons making independent expenditures. Itemized receipt and disbursement information presented in the file includes the filer identification number, amendment and primary-general indicators, report and transaction types, address, occupation, transaction date, and transaction amount. The Itemized PAC Contribution File (Part 4) contains one record for each type of contributor for each reporting period. Information included in this file covers the type and year of the report, the time period covered by the report, total contributions, net contributions, total contribution refunds, net operating expenditures, cash on hand, debts and obligations owed by and to the committee, contributions from individuals, and loans made or guaranteed by the candidate. The Detailed Report File (Part 5) contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1989-1990 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, the report year and type, the time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, and refunds.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1985-1986: Reports on Financial Activity (RFA) Data (ICPSR 8937)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1985-01-01--1986-12-31

These data are produced in conjunction with Federal Election Commission (FEC) Reports On Financial Activity (RFA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by political committees and others who are required to file under the federal election laws. The data present summary information concerning filers' gross receipts, disbursements, debts, cash on hand, etc. They also include information on particular party and nonparty committee support of individual candidates. The data for United States congressional campaigns supply summarized information about the campaign, including the candidate's name, incumbency status, party affiliation, receipts, disbursements, contributions from the candidate, loans, debts, aggregate contributions by amount and source, and independent expenditures for and against the candidate. The party and nonparty political committee data contain summary information for committees including the committee name, special-interest group classification, receipts, cash and in-kind contributions made and received, disbursements, debts, and total expenditures for and against House and Senate candidates.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1993-1994: Reports on Financial Activity (RFA) Data (ICPSR 6946)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1993-01-01--1994-12-31

These data offer information on the campaigns of all individuals who registered under the Federal Election Campaign Act as candidates in the 1993 or 1994 elections for the United States Senate or House of Representatives. Also included are some individuals who were certified by the appropriate state authorities as official Senate or House candidates in a 1993 or 1994 primary, runoff, or general election but who had not registered with the Federal Election Commission. Information is provided on the filer's gross receipts, disbursements, debts, and cash on hand. Information on particular party and nonparty committee support of candidates is included as well. The congressional campaign data contain variables on candidate's name, incumbency status, party affiliation, receipts, disbursements, contributions from the candidate, loans, debts, aggregate contributions by amount and source, and independent expenditures for and against the candidate. The party and nonparty political committee data contain summary information for committees including the committee name, special interest group classification, receipts, cash and in-kind contributions, and total expenditures for or against House and Senate candidates.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1993-1994: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 6658)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1993-01-01--1994-12-31

These data, comprising four separate files, are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws for the 1993-1994 election cycle. Part 1, Candidate Master Data, contains a record for every registered candidate for federal office. Each of these records includes the candidate's name, identification number, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, and the identification number of the candidate's principal campaign committee. Part 2, Committee Master Data, includes a record for every registered political committee, unauthorized delegate filer, independent expenditure filer, and communication cost filer. Included in this file is the identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, party affiliation, report filing frequency, and special interest group category of each of these entities. Part 3, Itemized Record of Contributions to/Disbursements on Behalf of Candidates, comprises records of reported contributions to candidates and disbursements on behalf of candidates by political committees, unauthorized delegate filers, independent expenditure filers, and communication cost filers. Information in this file includes the identification number of the contributing/disbursing entity, type of report, and the date, type, and amount of each transaction. Part 4, Itemized Record of Individual/Candidate Contributions, furnishes records of receipts of contributions from individuals, from candidates to their own campaigns, and disbursements to refund contributions to individuals, as reported by candidates and their committees, other political committees, and persons making independent expenditures. Part 4 also covers the tracking of contributions that individuals earmarked for a specific candidate as they proceeded through intermediaries registered with the FEC. Information in this file includes the identification number of the filer, report type, transaction type, date and amount of the transaction, and the name, address, and occupation of the contributor.

Curated

Events Data on American Elite Reactions to European Integration and Atlantic Alliance Cases, 1949-1968 (ICPSR 5203)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: Global

Time period: 1949-01-01--1968-12-31

This data collection provides information on the reactions of American elites to situations relating to European integration and Atlantic alliance in the period 1949-1968. Data are provided on the type of elites examined, such as members of the American executive branch, Congressional members, columnists, academicians, and labor leaders, the elites' party affiliations, and their relationship to the administration. Data are also provided on the type of situation examined, the target country to which the situation was directed, the implication for American policy, the possible alternative responses to the situation by the American elites, the duration of the situation, the situation's threat indexes, and the coincidence of the situation with a presidential or congressional election year.

Curated

Political Elites in Eastern Europe, 1971 (ICPSR 5807)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: Romania, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Global

Time period: 1971-01-01--1971-12-31

This study contains biographical data on political elites who were members of either the Central Committee or Council of Ministers in 1971 in five Eastern European nations: Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. Demographic variables provide information on sex, date of birth, ethnicity, nationality, education, family background, and date of death. Additional variables describe career events or particular experiences of the elites such as dates of military service, party membership, government service, or dates of entry into and exit from the Central Committee and other political institutions.

Curated

Presidential Appointees, 1964-1984 (ICPSR 8458)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1964-11-01--1984-12-31

This collection provides information on the personal and career backgrounds of Senate-confirmed presidential appointees over the last twenty years. The data were gathered in order to assess the attitudes of appointees toward their government service and to evaluate the quality of appointees and reasons for short tenure in government service. The variables measured were designed to investigate the educational and occupational histories of appointees, tenure in appointed positions, and the experiences and attitudes of appointees in the following areas: conflict of interest laws, financial disclosure, financial sacrifice, family adjustment problems, selection process, Senate confirmation process, preparation and orientation for the job, relations with the bureaucracy, Congress, and White House, frustrations and satisfactions with the job, and employment after their most recent position as a full-time presidential appointee.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1987-1988: Reports on Financial Activity (RFA) Data (ICPSR 9315)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1987-01-01--1988-12-31

These data are produced in conjunction with Federal Election Commission (FEC) Reports On Financial Activity (RFA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by political committees and others required to file under the federal election laws. The data present summary information concerning filers' gross receipts, disbursements, debts, cash on hand, etc. They also include information on particular party and non-party committee support of individual candidates. The data for United States congressional campaigns supply summarized information about the campaign, including the candidate's name, incumbency status, party affiliation, receipts, disbursements, contributions from the candidate, loans, debts, aggregate contributions by amount and source, and independent expenditures for and against the candidate. The party and non-party political committee data contain summary information for committees including the committee name, special-interest group classification, receipts, cash and in-kind contributions made and received, disbursements, debts, and total expenditures for and against House and Senate candidates.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1989-1990: Reports on Financial Activity (RFA) Data (ICPSR 9828)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1989-01-01--1990-12-31

These data offer information on the campaigns of all individuals who registered under the Federal Election Campaign Act as 1989 or 1990 candidates for the United States Senate or House of Representatives. Also included are some individuals who were certified by the appropriate state authorities as official Senate or House candidates in a 1989 or 1990 primary, runoff, or general election but who had not registered with the Federal Election Commission. Information is provided on the filer's gross receipts, disbursements, debts, and cash on hand. Information on particular party and non-party committee support of candidates is included as well. The congressional campaign data contain variables on candidate's name, incumbency status, party affiliation, receipts, disbursements, contributions from the candidate, loans, debts, aggregate contributions by amount and source, and independent expenditures for and against the candidate. The party and nonparty political committee data contain summary information for committees including the committee name, special interest group classification, receipts, cash and in-kind contributions, and total expenditures for or against House and Senate candidates.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1985-1986: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 8939)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1985-01-01--1986-12-31

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others who are required to file under the federal election laws. The files are essentially copies of the FEC's on-line computer files for the 1985-1986 election cycle. The Candidate Master File (Part 1) contains a record for each registered candidate for federal office. It includes the candidate's name, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, the identification number of the principal campaign committee, the office sought, and the election year. The Committee Master File (Part 2) contains a record for each registered committee for federal office. The information provided includes the committee's identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, committee designation and type, party affiliation, report filing frequency, special interest group category and connected organization's name, and multicandidate committee status. The Itemized PAC Contribution File (Part 3) presents all transactions (contributions or disbursements) by a political committee for or on behalf of/in opposition to a candidate for federal office or his/her authorized committee occurring during the 1985-1986 election cycle. Items include whether the transaction was made in connection with a 1985-1986 primary, general, special or runoff election, or with a prior or future election, the date and amount of transaction, and identification number of the filer on whose behalf the transaction took place. The Detailed Report File (Part 4) contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1985-1986 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, the report year and type, the time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and end cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, and refunds.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1991-1992: Reports on Financial Activity (RFA) Data (ICPSR 6336)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1991-01-01--1992-12-31

These data offer information on the campaigns of all individuals who registered under the Federal Election Campaign Act as candidates in the 1991 or 1992 elections for the United States Senate or House of Representatives. Also included are some individuals who were certified by the appropriate state authorities as official Senate or House candidates in a 1991 or 1992 primary, runoff, or general election but who had not registered with the Federal Election Commission. Information is provided on the filer's gross receipts, disbursements, debts, and cash on hand. Information on particular party and nonparty committee support of candidates is included as well. The congressional campaign data contain variables on candidate's name, incumbency status, party affiliation, receipts, disbursements, contributions from the candidate, loans, debts, aggregate contributions by amount and source, and independent expenditures for and against the candidate. The party and nonparty political committee data contain summary information for committees including the committee name, special interest group classification, receipts, cash and in-kind contributions, and total expenditures for or against House and Senate candidates.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1991-1992: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 6337)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1991-01-01--1992-12-31

Curated

Urban Morality Issues Incidents in Ten Cities, 1990-2000: [United States] (ICPSR 3735)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1990-01-01--2000-12-31

This collection consists of data that tracked how ten city governments in the United States responded to morality issues in the last decade of the 20th century. The ten cities varied in their geographic properties and were characterized by their locations, e.g., South City, Metro City, and Coast City. Morality issues were defined as issues concerning actions or behaviors that were regulated by a deeply held belief and/or a religious value. The issues falling within this categorization were gay rights, abortion rights, abortion clinic protests, needle exchange programs for drug users, hate speech, hate groups, gambling policies and regulations, animal rights, and regulations pertaining to the sex industry, which included pornography, prostitution, and adult entertainment. Incidents or events in the ten cities related to these moral issues were identified. The data were generated by scanning local newspapers to isolate and gather relevant information about the selected cities, interviewing political elites (e.g., mayor, city manager, and council person), and reviewing public government records for the selected cities. Part 1, Ten City Data, contains data on 451 incidents related to morality issues in the ten cities. Part 2, Subset of Ten City Data With City-Specific Variables, is a subset of the cases included in Part 1 and also includes a broader array of city-specific contextual variables. The variables shared by Part 1 and Part 2 are whether a city had a mayor or a city manager, whether city council elections were at-large or by district, the percentage or share of the city council elected by a particular district, the strength and prevalence of the city's homosexual community, the percentage of residents in the county who attended religious services, the percentage of residents in the county who identified themselves as Catholic or as religious fundamentalists, and whether activists involved with this issue were more likely to be from the left or right, politically. Additional shared variables are city population in 1990 and 1998 (in thousands), the percentage of population change between 1980-1990 and 1990-1998, the metro area population in 1990 (in thousands), the percentage of population change in the metro area from 1980-1990 and from 1990-1996, the percentage of female, Asian, White, Black, and Hispanic residents, the median household income, the percentage of married residents, the percentage of female-headed households, the 1997 unemployment rate, the percentage of same gender partnerships, the total number of churches, the number of churches per capita, the percentage of households with children under the age of 19, the percentage of the population aged 18-34, the percentage of residents that were college educated, income per capita, the percentage of foreign-born residents, the percentage of residents living in poverty, and the acceptability and prevalence of the city's "unconventional" or "counter" culture. The variables contained only in Part 2, Subset of Ten City Data With City-Specific Variables, are the type of community education present, the type of social culture in the community, the percentage of the work force employed in education or technology related jobs, the percentage of women in the work force, and the total number of churches in the county.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1993-1994: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 3586)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1993-01-01--1994-12-31

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1993-1994 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, refunds, and whether the record reports the activity of a Joint Fundraising Committee.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1995-1996: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 3587)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1995-01-01--1996-12-31

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1995-1996 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, refunds, and whether the record reports the activity of a Joint Fundraising Committee.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1997-1998: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 3588)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1997-01-01--1998-12-31

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1997-1998 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, refunds, and whether the record reports the activity of a Joint Fundraising Committee.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1999-2000: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 3589)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1999-01-01--2000-12-31

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1999-2000 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, and refunds.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 2001-2002: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 3590)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2001-01-01--2002-12-31

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 2001-2002 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, refunds, and whether the record reports the activity of a Joint Fundraising Committee.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1989-1990: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 3592)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1989-01-01--1990-12-31

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1989-1990 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, and refunds.

Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1991-1992: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 6334)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1991-01-01--1992-12-31

These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1991-1992 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, refunds, and whether the record reports the activity of a Joint Fundraising Committee.

Curated

American National Election Study: 1995 Pilot Study (ICPSR 6636)

Released/updated on: 1999-08-20

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1995-08-03--1995-09-10

Curated

Euro-barometer 41.1: Post-European Election, June-July 1994 (ICPSR 6535)

Released/updated on: 1998-07-28

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 1994-06-11--1994-07-08

This round of Euro-Barometer surveys queried respondents on standard Euro-Barometer measures such as public awareness of and attitudes toward the European Union (EU), and also focused on the election of the Parliament for the European Union, which occurred in June of 1994. EU matters covered included the respondents' general attitudes toward the European Union and, in particular, their interest in European politics, general efforts to unify Western Europe, their own country's membership, their level of satisfaction with how democracy was working in the EU and in their own country, and the level of involvement of the EU in important issues of the day. Questions on the EU Parliament election asked participants if they had voted in the election, and, if so, for which party they had voted. Respondents were also queried about their attitudes toward female candidates in the election, their feelings about important public figures in general, the role of women in decision-making roles within the institutions and organizations of the EU, the role of political campaigns in the election, and their interpretations of the importance of the results. Respondents commented on how strongly they thought of themselves as Europeans, their attitudes toward a single European currency, feelings about the unemployment problem and the possible need for a massive government program to tackle the problem, opinions on border controls and other political issues and problems, feelings about immigrants, the future role of Germany in the EU, and their level of confidence in the decisions of the EU. They also described the good and bad points of the European Parliament, its power, its effects on the lives of individuals, and whether the EU should develop into a United States of Europe. Demographic and other background information was gathered on the number of people residing in the home, size of locality, household income, trade union membership, region of residence, and occupation of the head of household, as well as the respondent's age, sex, marital status, education, occupation, work sector, religion, religiosity, subjective social class, and left-right political self-placement.

Curated

Roster of United States Congressional Officeholders and Biographical Characteristics of Members of the United States Congress, 1789-1996: Merged Data (ICPSR 7803)

Released/updated on: 1997-07-29

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1789-03-04--1996-11-27

This dataset contains variables describing congressional service and selected biographical characteristics for each person who has served in the United States Congress. This release of the data includes members of the 104th Congress. Approximately 11,455 individuals are represented in this file, each identified by a unique five-digit identification number. A data record exists for every Congress in which an individual served, as well as for each chamber in which a person may have served in a given Congress. To illustrate, a member of the House of Representatives who is appointed to fill a vacancy in the Senate during a term of service will have two data records for that Congress. The congressional service variables include political party affiliation, district, state and region represented, and exact and cumulative dates of service in each Congress and each chamber, as well as total congressional service. The biographical variables cover state and region of birth, education, military service, occupation, other political offices held, relatives who also have held congressional office, reason for leaving each Congress, and occupation and political offices held subsequent to service in Congress. Many of these specific variables are summarized in a collapsed variable.