Showing 1 – 23 of 23 results.
Self-published
Market Dominance of GCash in the Philippine Digital Payment Ecosystem: A Secondary Data Analysis (ICPSR 309020)
Released/updated on: 2026-08-12
Geographic coverage: Philippines
Time period: 2013-01-01--2025-12-31
Abstract
The rapid expansion of digital payment systems has transformed financial transactions in the Philippines, with mobile wallet platforms becoming central to everyday economic activities. This study examines the market dominance of GCash within the Philippine digital payment ecosystem using a secondary data analysis approach. Data were synthesized from official statistics, industry reports, and fintech market analyses to examine trends in digital payment adoption, mobile wallet usage, merchant integration, and market growth. Findings indicate an increase in digital payment adoption, with the share of digital retail payments rising from approximately 1% in 2013 to 57.4% in 2024. Concurrently, GCash experienced user expansion, growing from 20 million registered users in 2019 to more than 81 million in 2023, alongside a merchant network exceeding 2.5 million partners nationwide. Comparative analysis also shows that GCash maintains the most comprehensive service ecosystem among Philippine e-wallet platforms, contributing to its widespread adoption among consumers and small businesses. The results suggest that platform accessibility, trust, convenience, and network effects contribute to the platform’s dominant position. This study provides empirical insight into the structural and behavioral factors shaping digital payment adoption in the Philippines and highlights the role of fintech platforms in supporting the country’s expanding digital economy.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
U.S. State Opioid Policy Taxonomy Delphi Study, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 39342)
Released/updated on: 2025-06-24
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2020-05-01--2021-04-30
The U.S. State Opioid Policy Taxonomy Delphi Study, 2020-2021 consists of survey data collected from experts in the realm of opioid legislation to assess opinions about the impact of this legislation on opioid-related harm. Using a modified Delphi expert process, this study aims to develop a taxonomy of opioid legislation. The survey rounds consist of an initial survey, and a follow-up survey one year later to gauge opinions about overall legislative impact.
Curated
United States COVID-19 County Policy Database, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 39109)
Released/updated on: 2024-06-11
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2020-01-01--2021-12-31
The objective of the U.S. COVID-19 County Policy (UCCP) Database was to systematically gather, characterize, and assess geographic and longitudinal variation in U.S. COVID-19-related policies at the county and state levels. The research team gathered policy data on a weekly basis for 309 counties in 50 states and Washington D.C. Although these counties were not nationally representative, they included over half of the U.S. population and were diverse with respect to geography, the race/ethnicity of residents, and political climate. Weekly data were collected between January 2020 and December 2021 on a wide range of COVID-19-related policies that were in effect, providing a longitudinal picture of county policies during that period.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Youth Justice Policy Environments and Their Effects on Youth Confinement Rates, United States, 1996-2016 (ICPSR 37618)
Released/updated on: 2020-12-17
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1996-01-01--2016-12-31
This study was conducted to address the dropping rates in residential placements of adjudicated youth after the 1990s. Policymakers, advocates, and reseraches began to attirbute the decline to reform measures and proposed that this was the cause of the drop seen in historic national crime. In response, researchers set out to use state-level data on economic factors, crime rates, political ideology scores, and youth justice policies and practices to test the association between the youth justice policy environment and recent reductions in out-of-home placements for adjudicated youth.
This data collection contains two files, a multivariate and bivariate analyses. In the multivariate file the aim was to assess the impact of the progressive policy characteristics on the dependent variable which is known as youth confinement. In the bivariate analyses file Wave 1-Wave 10 the aim was to assess the states as they are divided into 2 groups across all 16 dichotomized variables that comprised the progressive policy scale: those with more progressive youth justice environments and those with less progressive or punitive environments. Some examples of these dichotomized variables include purpose clause, courtroom shackling, and competency standard.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Eurobarometer 87.3: Standard Eurobarometer 87, May 2017 (ICPSR 36876)
Released/updated on: 2017-12-22
Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Great Britain, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Serbia, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, Northern Ireland, Spain, Albania, Czech Republic, Turkey, Belgium, European Union, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Macedonia, Germany, Montenegro, Estonia
Time period: 2017-01-01--2017-12-31
The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.
Eurobarometer 87.3 covered standard trend questions on living conditions, important political issues, trust in institutions, democracy satisfaction, perception of and attitudes towards the European Union and European Unification, and also on their knowledge about the European Union. Respondents' opinions were collected regarding their level of political participation and general political attitudes. Respondents were also questioned about European Citizenship, citizen rights and identification. Additional questions were asked regarding the impact of the economic crisis on the job market, and about policy measures related to the financial and economic crisis. Respondents were also asked about policy priorities, such as the Europe 2020 strategy.
Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone and other goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).
Curated
Collecting DNA at Arrest: Policies, Practices, and Implications, in 28 States, 2005-2012 (ICPSR 34682)
Released/updated on: 2016-09-28
Geographic coverage: North Carolina, Vermont, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Alabama, Arkansas, Utah, South Carolina, Colorado, Missouri, Alaska, North Dakota, Arizona, South Dakota, Minnesota, California, Kansas, Florida, New Jersey, Michigan, New Mexico, Illinois, Texas, Connecticut, Louisiana, Ohio, Virginia, Maryland
Time period: 1997-01-01--2011-12-31
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
This study examined arrestee DNA laws (laws that allowed testing of arrestees DNA pre-adjudication), their implementation in the field and their subsequent effects on agency operations as well as their success in aiding investigations in the 28 states that have these laws. The study investigated five specific questions:
- What states have passed legislation authorizing the collection of DNA from arrestees?
- How do the laws and policies regarding collecting DNA from arrestees differ by state?
- How have the courts ruled on these new laws?
- How have arrestee DNA laws been implemented in each state?
- What has been the impact of requiring DNA collection from arrestees on state crime laboratories and other involved agencies?
- What evidence is available to determine the effects of collecting DNA from arrestees on public safety or other criminal justice outcomes?
To answer these questions, researchers used a mixed methods data collection plan, including reviewing relevant statutes and case law, interviewing state and federal Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) laboratory staff and other forensic experts, and collecting descriptive data from state laboratories.
Curated
Race and Drug Arrests: Specific Deterrence and Collateral Consequences, 1997-2009 (ICPSR 34313)
Released/updated on: 2016-02-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1997-01-01--2009-12-31
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
This study examines several explanations for the observed racial/ethnic disparities in drug arrests, the consequences of drug arrest on subsequent drug offending and social bonding, and whether these consequences vary by race/ethnicity. The study is a secondary analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97).
Distributed here are the codes used for the secondary analysis and the code to compile the datasets. Please refer to the codebook appendix for instructions on how to obtain all the data used in this study.
Curated
Partially restricted
Simple Crosstabs
National Survey of Eyewitness Identification Procedure in Law Enforcement Agencies, 1994-2012 (ICPSR 34274)
Released/updated on: 2014-03-07
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1994-01-01--2012-12-31
The data results from a study conducted by the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) designed to obtain the first nationwide assessment of the state of the criminal justice field regarding eyewitness identification procedures used by law enforcement agencies. PERF designed and conducted a survey of 619 police departments across the United States. The study focused on the departments training and policy when conducting eyewitness identification; particularly the study examined the use of "blind" administrators and the use of simultaneous or sequential presentation to the witness. The number of lineup members, witness instructions, police training, number of witness viewings and recording of the witness statements were also examined. A pilot test of the survey was conducted prior to the study.
External data
German Election Study, 1994: Pre-Election Study (Trend Investigations) (ICPSR 34747)
Released/updated on: 2013-07-02
Geographic coverage: Germany, Global
Time period: 1994-02-01--1994-10-31
This data collection is part of an omnibus study on German political attitudes and behavior, with a focus on the 1994 German Federal Parliament election. This study is a cumulative file of 13 individual surveys conducted in 1994. Twelve of the surveys were conducted at varying intervals prior to the October German Federal Parliament election, taken monthly at first, and increasing in frequency as the election approached. The last survey took place shortly after the election. German citizens were asked for their opinions on a wide range of political issues, including German political parties and politicians, the media's role in the election campaign, and European policy issues. Among the topics covered were (1) Parties, politicians, and the importance of the upcoming election: assessment of the most important political problems confronting Germany. - party and candidate preference, inclination, and identification. - self-classification on a left-right political scale. - sympathy scale for the parties, the government, the opposition, and top politicians. - interest in politics and intention to participate in the upcoming election. - preference for using an absentee ballot versus voting in the polling station. - certainty and time of personal vote decision. - choices made at the polls in the last Federal Parliament election. - coalition preferences. - most important criteria in the decision to vote for a party, such as party program, top politicians, or policies of the last four years. - interest in the election of the Statt party. - attitude toward a one-party government of CDU/CSU (Christlich Demokratischen Union Deutschlands or Democratic Christian Party/Christlich Soziale Union in Bayern or Bavarian Social Christian Union) or SPD (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands or Social Democratic Party). - perceived jeopardy to the country's economic recovery in having an SPD-Green Party government. - attitude toward a statement of willingness to form a coalition by the FDP (Freie Demokratische Partei or Liberal Democratic Party), as well as by the SPD, before the next Federal Parliament election. - attitude toward an SPD-Green minority government, with the help of the PDS (Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus or Democratic Socialist Party). - preference for federal chancellor. - perceived harm for the country in the chancellorship of Rudolf Scharping or Helmut Kohl. - effects of Kohl's statement not to run for office in the next Federal Parliament election. - opinion of Gerhard Schroeder as candidate for chancellor. - preference for new versus experienced politicians. - opinion of who was the most active election campaigner. - comparison of the two candidates for chancellor, Sharping and Kohl, regarding credibility, energy, sense of responsibility, social attitude, honesty, winner type, record of achievement, leadership qualities, and ability to solve economic problems of the country. - satisfaction with democracy and with the condition of German society. - assessment of the current economic situation and prospects for future development. - assessment of the respondent's personal economic situation and prospects. - dependence of respondent's economic situation on the composition of the federal government. - government composition most able to solve the economic problems in eastern Germany, as well as in western Germany. - issue competence of selected coalitions. - opinion of the demand by the Green Party to dissolve the German Armed Forces, as well as to eliminate NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). - assumption about the coalition preferences of the SPD, and opinion on various coalition possibilities. - preference in the Federal presidential election. - acceptance of Roman Herzog as Federal president. - renewal of the PDS, versus merely renaming it. - attitude toward the PDS in the Federal Parliament. - necessity of the PDS to achieve eastern German interests. - respondent's assessment of the chances for the election of the PDS, as well as of the FDP and Alliance 90/Greens, to the Federal Parliament. - opinion of the PDS's successes in eastern Germany, whether they signalled a danger to economic recovery and to democracy. - significance and effect of the Federal Parliament election. - expected winner of the upcoming Parliament election. (2) The media and advertising's role in election politics: the respondent's general television viewing habits. - whether the respondent obtained news from television or radio. - frequency of watching the evening news on the First and Second Television Networks, as well as the news broadcasts of SAT1, RTL, and PRO7. - interest in political news and other broadcasts on television and radio. - reports noticed about the Federal Parliament election in news broadcasts on television, other TV broadcasts, and on the radio. - frequency of reading the Bild newspaper. - interest in the political reports in the Bild newspaper, and reports noticed about the Federal Parliament election in that newspaper. - frequency of reading daily newspapers and which ones read. - interest in political topics in the daily newspaper, and reports noticed about the upcoming election. - frequency of noticing election advertisements in newspapers and magazines. - frequency of contact with election posters, handbills, brochures, and TV election broadcasts by the political parties. - general interest in election advertising. - frequency of, and interest in, political conversations, conversations about the upcoming election, and election topics such as top candidates and campaign events. (3) European policies: interest in European policies. - intent to participate in and party preference for the European election. - choices made at the polls in the European election in 1989. - preference for an independent nation-state versus the European Union (EU). - attitude toward increased powers for the European Parliament. - advantage of German EU membership for Germany. - extent to which the respondent was informed about the duties of the European Parliament. - advantages or disadvantages of the domestic market. - attitude toward a common currency (ECU). - preference for national versus European responsibility in the fight against unemployment, environmental protection, the fight against crime, and in solving problems in agriculture. - attitude toward increased participation by Germany, as well as the EU, in world conflict resolution. - opinion of the admission into the EU of Austria, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, as well as the future admission of Switzerland, Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Croatia, Slovenia, the Baltic nations, and Turkey. - attitude toward the decision-making authority of the European Parliament over the admission of new countries. (4) Final survey taken after the Federal Parliament election: assessment of the performance of the individual parties in the election, versus what was expected. - satisfaction with the results of the election. - preference for a one-party government versus a coalition government. - party preferred for one-party government. - desired coalition composition. - speculation as to election results with Schroeder as candidate for chancellor, or without Kohl as a candidate. - judgment of the PDS direct mandate, as well as the 5-Percent Clause. (5) Other topics: attitude toward removing restrictions on hard, as well as soft, drugs. - opinion on German reunification. - opinion on the term "red socks". - opinion on the deployment of the German Armed Forces at violent public demonstrations. - opinion on the judgment of the Federal Constitutional Court regarding deployment of the German Armed Forces outside of NATO territory. - opinion of socialism as an idea. - attitude toward the deportation of Kurds guilty of criminal offenses. (6) Demographic questions: - personal job security. - status as an employee or civil servant. - union membership. - religious practice. - city size and residential status. - satisfaction with residence. - whether the respondent was currently house hunting, or had been within the last year.
Curated
Partially restricted
Simple Crosstabs
Survey of Police Chiefs' and Data Analysts' Use of Data in Police Departments in the United States, 2004 (ICPSR 32103)
Released/updated on: 2013-02-21
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2004-01-01--2004-03-31
This study surveyed police chiefs and data analysts in order to determine the use of data in police departments. The surveys were sent to 1,379 police agencies serving populations of at least 25,000. The survey sample for this study was selected from the 2000 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) survey. All police agencies serving populations of at least 25,000 were selected from the LEMAS database for inclusion. Separate surveys were sent for completion by police chiefs and data analysts. Surveys were used to gather information on data sharing and integration efforts to identify the needs and capacities for data usage in local law enforcement agencies. The police chief surveys focused on five main areas of interest: use of data, personnel response to data collection, the collection and reporting of incident-based data, sharing data, and the providing of statistics to the community and media. Like the police chief surveys, the data analyst surveys focused on five main areas of interest: use of data, agency structures and resources, data for strategies, data sharing and outside assistance, and incident-based data. The final total of police chief surveys included in the study is 790, while 752 data analyst responses are included.
External data
Welfare Dimensions Summary Scores (WDSS): Measuring State Welfare Policy Variations and Change in the United States, 1996-2003 (ICPSR 33561)
Released/updated on: 2012-09-07
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1996-01-01--2003-12-31
The Welfare Dimensions Summary Scores (WDSS) project provides quantitative evidence on welfare policies across all states and the District of Columbia from 1996 through 2003, or immediately following a redesign of United States welfare policy that freed states to create public assistance contexts specific to their own economic environments. The purpose of this study is to categorize textual welfare policy guidelines into dimensions and quantified scores across states throughout the post welfare reform implementation period. The data is composed of measures based upon the Urban Institute's Welfare Rules Database (WRD), which provides a longitudinal textual account of the changes in Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) rules in all 50 states and the District of Columbia for the 1996 to 2003 period. Specifically, the researchers used the WRD database to code individual welfare rule items for each state during the study time period, eventually producing 18 welfare policy dimensions. These scores range from negative (the lowest indicating greatest leniency) to positive (the highest indicating greatest stringency) values. These quantitative measures can serve to measure the variation across states, and changes over time, in welfare policy guidelines from 1996 through 2003.
Curated
The Measurement of Cross-cutting Cleavages and Other Multidimensional Cleavage Structures (ICPSR 29602)
Released/updated on: 2010-11-01
Geographic coverage: South America, Asia, Europe, Africa, Australia, North America, Global
The data are fully described in "The Measurement of Cross-cutting Cleavages and Other Multidimensional Cleavage Structures", forthcoming in Political Analysis and its supplementary appendix. There are 128 countries in the dataset. The Cross-national Indices of Multidimensional Measures of Social Structure (CIMMSS) contains 69 new indices for the following dimensions: Race, Ethnicity, Language, Religion, Income, Geography. There are six different characteristics contained in the dataset: (1) Cross-cutting Cleavages (Cross-cuttingness) definition: The degree groups on a first cleavage are identically distributed amongst groups on a second cleavage. For example, South Africa has a low level of racial-income cross-cuttingness, since Whites have much higher average incomes than Blacks. (2) Sub-group Fractionalization definition: The probability that two randomly chosen individuals in a society belong to the same sub-group (the intersection of two or more group identities/memberships on two or more cleavages). For example, Iraq has three main sub-groups: Arab Sunnis, Arab Sh'ias, and Kurdish Sunnis. (3) Sub-group (Bi)polarization definition: The degree that a country is divided into two equally-sized sub-groups. For example, Northern Ireland has two fairly evenly-sized sub-groups: Irish Catholics and English Protestants. (4) Cross-fractionalization definition: The degree that members of a group on one cleavage are divided into groups on a second cleavage and share membership on the second cleavage with members of other groups on the first cleavage. For example, White Australians are highly fractionalized among religions and share religious membership with other racial groups. (5) Fractionalization definition: The probability that two randomly chosen individuals in a society belong to the same group. For example, individuals in many Latin American countries tend to mostly belong to the same religious group, Catholicism (low fractionalization). (6) (Bi)polarization definition: The degree that a country is divided into two equally-sized sub-groups. For example, Belgium has two fairly equal sized linguistic groups: Walloons (French) and Flemish (Dutch).
Curated
Restricted
Pennsylvania Task Force on Prison Overcrowding, 2004-2005 (ICPSR 25301)
Released/updated on: 2010-06-30
Geographic coverage: United States, Pennsylvania
Time period: 2004-09-01--2004-09-30, 2004-09-01--2005-05-31
The current jail population control study is the second phase of a two-part inquiry by the County Commissioners Association of Pennsylvania that began in 2003. Phase II builds upon the findings of the initial survey by using a number of information sources to obtain data with which to examine in greater detail the reasons and remedies for jail overcrowding. The Phase II study was implemented in September 2004 and was designed to examine jail population control data from four sources: Pennsylvania Statewide Jail Survey (Part 1), Intensive Site Visits to selected Pennsylvania Counties (Part 2), National Association of Counties (NACo) Best Practices Survey, and National Institute of Corrections (NIC) Technical Assistance reports. The Pennsylvania Statewide Survey (Part 1, Pennsylvania Statewide Survey Quantitative Data) was sent to all counties operating their own jails in September 2004. Surveys were mailed to 63 of the state's 67 counties. Counties were selected for intensive site visits (Part 2, Intensive Site Visit Qualitative Data) based largely on the results of the Phase I survey and focused on counties with the most extreme crowding problems and/or expressing interest in tackling population control issues. Visits were made to 14 of the state's 67 counties between September 2004 and May 2005. Part 1 includes variables on jail capacity and population, construction, population control measures, potential change targets, and transportation issues. Part 2 includes background to the site visit, site visit agenda and aims, and an exploration of population control options.
Curated
Impact of Legal Advocacy on Intimate Partner Homicide in the United States, 1976-1997 (ICPSR 25621)
Released/updated on: 2009-07-10
Geographic coverage: Milwaukee, Oklahoma City, Detroit, Indiana, Tucson, Albuquerque, Fort Worth, Cincinnati, Austin, Oakland, San Jose, San Diego, Columbus (Ohio), Memphis, Jacksonville, Arizona, Buffalo, Boston, Pittsburgh, Sacramento, Seattle, El Paso, Nashville, California, Florida, Pennsylvania, Tulsa, Fresno, Illinois, Texas, Portland (Oregon), Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, Indianapolis, Oregon, Virginia Beach, United States, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Cleveland, Washington, Nebraska, Omaha, Minneapolis, Atlanta, Massachusetts, Colorado, Honolulu, Missouri, New Orleans, Phoenix, Denver, Dallas, St. Louis, Wisconsin, District of Columbia, San Antonio, Chicago, Hawaii, Minnesota, Kansas City (Missouri), New York (state), Michigan, Miami, San Francisco, Baltimore, New Mexico, Long Beach, Louisiana, Ohio, Los Angeles, Toledo, Philadelphia, Houston
Time period: 1976-01-01--1996-12-31, 1976-01-01--1997-12-31
This study examined the impacts of jurisdictions' domestic violence policies on violent behavior of family members and intimate partners, on the likelihood that the police discovered an incident, and on the likelihood that the police made an arrest. The research combined two datasets. Part 1 contains information on police, prosecution policies, and local victim services. Informants within the local agencies of the 50 largest cities in the United States were contacted and asked to complete a survey inventorying policies and activities by type and year of implementation. Data from completed surveys covered 48 cities from 1976 to 1996. Part 2 contains data on domestic violence laws. Data on state statutes from 1976 to 1997 that related to protection orders were collected by a legal expert for all 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Curated
Oil and the United States Macroeconomy: An Update and a Simple Forecasting Exercise (ICPSR 23220)
Released/updated on: 2008-09-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Some analysts and economists recently warned that the United States economy faces a much higher risk of recession should the price of oil rise to $100 per barrel or more. In February 2008, spot crude oil prices closed above $100 per barrel for the first time ever, and since then they have climbed even higher. Meanwhile, according to some surveys of economists, it is highly probable that a recession began in the United States in late 2007 or early 2008. Although the findings in this paper are consistent with the view that the United States economy has become much less sensitive to large changes in oil prices, a simple forecasting exercise using Hamilton's model augmented with the first principal component of 85 macroeconomic variables reveals that a permanent increase in the price of crude oil to $150 per barrel by the end of 2008 could have a significant negative effect on the growth rate of real gross domestic product in the short run. Moreover, the model also predicts that such an increase in oil prices would produce much higher overall and core inflation rates in 2009 than most policymakers expect.
Curated
Re-examination of the Criminal Deterrent Effects of Capital Punishment in the United States, 1978-1998 (ICPSR 20040)
Released/updated on: 2008-01-31
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1978-01-01--1998-12-31
The purpose of this study was to estimate the deterrent effect of capital punishment by employing a methodology that accounted for model uncertainty by integrating various studies into a single coherent analysis. First, this study replicated the results from two previous studies, Dezhbakhsh, Rubin and Shepherd (2003) and Donohue and Wolfers (2005), that draw on the same data. Second, the researchers implemented model averaging methods using standard frequentist estimators to take a weighted average of the findings across all possible models that could explain the effect of the difference in crime rates under alternate laws. Each model's effect was weighted based on its ability to explain the data. Variables used in this study included deterrence variables as well as various demographic and economic control variables.
Curated
How Well Does Employment Predict Output? (ICPSR 20963)
Released/updated on: 2007-09-17
Geographic coverage: United States
Economists, policymakers, and financial market analysts typically pay close attention to aggregate employment trends because employment is thought to be an important indicator of macroeconomic conditions. One difficulty is that there are two separate surveys of employment, which can diverge widely from one another, as the previous and current economic expansions demonstrate. The conventional wisdom is that, for assessing economic conditions, the survey that counts the number of jobs (establishment survey) is preferable to the survey that counts the number of people employed (household survey). However, results from a one-quarter-ahead forecasting exercise presented in this paper suggest that analysts should question whether employment is a useful indicator for predicting output growth.
Curated
Policy Expansion of School Choice in the American States, 1991-2005 (ICPSR 20427)
Released/updated on: 2007-07-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1991-01-01--2005-12-31
This research study explored the policy expansion of school choice within the methodological approach of event history analysis. The first section provided a comparative overview of state adoption of public school choice laws. After creating a statistical portrait of the contemporary landscape for school choice, the authors introduced event history analysis as a methodological solution to the problem of measuring policy expansion. Building on previous studies in the social science literature, we discussed political, economic, and social factors related to the passage of charter school laws. A multivariate analysis found state adoption was significantly related to partisan gubernatorial control, classroom spending, private schools, education finance litigation, and minority representation. The final section discussed the empirical results in the modern policy environment and proposed future directions for comparative state research. This publication archive contains political and economic variables related to the policy diffusion of charter school laws in the United States. We present the longitudinal data collection to help social scientists replicate our event history analysis and compare the statistical results with previous studies of public school choice laws. This data collection features statistical indicators from federal government agencies and policy organizations. Our research design utilizes the standard definitions for several variables in the Common Core of Data, a national survey of local school districts and schools conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics at the United States Department of Education, and the Private School Universe Survey. We supplemented the state educational variables with cross-sectional observations of median per capita income from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and related political and economic variables from the political science literature.
Curated
U.S. and U.S.S.R. Crises, 1946-1976 (ICPSR 7702)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States, Global, Soviet Union
This data collection contains three files of United States and Soviet crises data that focus on behavior and policy responses that took place after international crises occurring in 1946-1976. The dataset contains one file of crises that were considered to be of concern to the Soviet Union, 1946-1975 (Part 1), and two files of crises data that were of concern to the United States, 1946-1976 (Parts 2 and 3). The data in Part 1 encompass 386 crises, including a subset of 101 crises (1956-1975) chosen for intensive coding. Variables include 29 general characteristics coded for the 386 crises. The subset crises were selected because of their relation to the Soviet policy process and are associated with variables for 43 Soviet management problems, 59 Soviet objectives, and 64 Soviet actions. Part 2 contains 307 crises coded into 21 crises characteristics. Part 3 contains a subset of 101 crises chosen for intensive coding from the 307 crises in Part 2. The 101 crises are associated with variables for 79 United States management problems, 48 United States objectives, and 57 United States actions. The variables for all three parts of the data collection were designed to answer questions concerning the crisis event (who, when, how did it turn out), Soviet or United States actions (what), objectives (why), and problems (what went wrong). Differences between United States and Soviet crises concerns and behavior rendered many variables drawn from research on the United States inapplicable to the Soviet research. Therefore, not all specific variables in the United States data collection are contained in the data collection for the Soviet Union and vice versa.
Curated
Southern African Subsystem Events Data, 1973-1976 (ICPSR 7587)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: Mozambique, Angola, Malawi, Swaziland, Namibia, Botswana, Africa, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Global
Time period: 1973-01-01--1976-12-31
This data collection contains event/interaction data characterizing over 13,000 events related to affairs in Southern Africa between 1973 and 1976. An event/interaction is defined in this study as an activity undertaken by an international or transnational actor wherein it may be inferred that the actor has undertaken the activity in order to affect the behavior of the target of the event. The actor or target is defined as one of nine core states (Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Rhodesia, Malawi, South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho, and Swaziland), 17 liberation movements within those states (e.g., the ANC, MPLA, and FNLA), seven Bantu homelands (Bophutha Tswana, Ciskei, Ganzankulu, Kwazulu, Lebowa, Transkei, and Vhavenda), five peripheral African powers (Zaire, Tanzania, Zambia, Malagasy Republic, and Mauritius), 11 non-African powers "intrusive" in the region (United States, Brazil, United Kingdom, Netherlands, France, Portugal, West Germany, Soviet Union, China, Japan, and Cuba), and eight international organizations (e.g., NATO, EEC, and OAU). Two versions of the data were created: Part 1, which contains numeric data only, and Part 2, which includes text that briefly describes each event/interaction. Contents of the files include types of action (including both conflictual and cooperative verbal evaluation or perceptions, verbal desire, verbal intent, and physical deeds), issue areas over which the actors interact (coded in five main values categories: security, territory, status, human resources, and nonhuman resources), dyad descriptions, change-continue scale, multilateral-unilateral scale, isolationist-internationalist scale, event source, and year, month, day, and page of source.
Curated
United States Fiscal Austerity and Urban Innovation Project, 1983-1984 (ICPSR 8709)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1983-01-01--1984-12-31
For this data collection, mayors, city council finance committee chairs, and chief administrative officers/city managers in all United States cities with populations over 25,000 were surveyed. Topics covered include the relative importance of professional as opposed to elected officials in fiscal management, and preferences for and implementation of changes in spending levels in 13 policy areas (e.g., education, social welfare, streets, and police protection). Respondents also were queried about policy preferences, activities, and impact on city government of 20 groups (including employees, business groups, local media, the elderly, city finance staff, and federal and state agencies). In addition, questions were asked on city finance problems (e.g., loss of federal or state revenue, declining tax base, and pressures from municipal employees), fiscal management strategies the city had used (e.g., contracting out, user fees, privatization), revenue forecasting, integrated financial management systems, performance measures, management rights, and level of sophistication of economic development analyses. Background information on mayors includes terms served, years spent in elected office, political party identification, use of local media, age, ethnicity/race, sex, religious preference, and education. In addition to the survey data, detailed structural data on population, economic structures, industry, and the labor force are provided.
Curated
Diffusion of Public Policy Innovation Among the American States (ICPSR 66)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: North Carolina, Indiana, Wyoming, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Kentucky, California, Kansas, Florida, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Mississippi, Iowa, Illinois, Texas, Connecticut, Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, Idaho, Oregon, Vermont, United States, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Maine, Alabama, Arkansas, Washington, South Carolina, Nebraska, West Virginia, Massachusetts, Colorado, Missouri, North Dakota, Wisconsin, Nevada, District of Columbia, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Minnesota, New York (state), New Jersey, Michigan, New Mexico, New Hampshire, Louisiana, Ohio
This study contains data on the diffusion of innovative legislation and public programs among the 48 continental states of the United States during the 19th and 20th centuries. Information is provided for the year in which each state initiated each of 85 innovative programs and for the date when the state became a territory. Variables provide information on the programs enacted and on the innovative score, which was calculated for each state on each issue. Based on the number of years that elapsed between the first and the last legislative enactment of a program, each state received a score corresponding to the percentage of time that elapsed between the first adoption of the program and the state's own acceptance of the program.
Curated
Pretrial Release Data, 1969 (ICPSR 7538)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Time period: 1969-01-01--1969-12-31
This data collection contains information gathered about pretrial release policies, procedures, and outcomes in a 1969 survey of police chiefs, judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and bail project directors in 72 cities across the United States (with a higher proportion in Illinois). The research objectives included: (1) developing a model designed to determine the optimum percentage of defendants to hold prior to trial, (2) developing a model designed to make decisions on whether a defendant should be released or held in jail prior to trial, (3) comparing cities having bail reform projects with cities not having them, (4) comparing cities that required arrested persons to provide 10 percent of the bond with cities requiring 100 percent of the bond, and (5) determining the causes and effects of variations across cities in the percentage of defendants held in jail prior to trial. The survey focused on the processing of arrested persons prior to trial. Respondents answered questions about the organization and procedures in pretrial release, supplied approximate statistical data (e.g., percent of arraigned individuals who were released prior to their trial and failed to appear in court for their trial), estimated statistical trends in pretrial release during the previous five years, reported on attitudes in their communities toward administration of bail, rated the importance of several criteria when determining if a defendant was to be allowed pretrial release, and indicated whether their city had a bail reform program, and if so, its characteristics. Demographic data (ranging from population to income to crime rates) about the 72 cities represented in the survey are also included in the file.