Showing 1 – 35 of 35 results.
Curated
Annexation to the United States, 1964: Opinions of the Urban Public of Canada on Canadian-American Relations (ICPSR 9005)
Released/updated on: 2009-06-19
Geographic coverage: Canada, Quebec (province), Global
This data collection contains information on the strength of nationalism in Canada and the reaction of Canadians to the question of annexation to the United States. Respondents were asked for their opinions on the way of life of Canadians as opposed to Americans, whether they supported annexing Canada to the United States, their perceptions of the American opinion of the proposed annexation, the outcome of a military alliance and economic union with the United States, and the effect that the union would have on the Canadian political system and Canadian standard of living. Demographic information collected on respondents includes age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, employment status, educational background, region where respondent resided and the community size, immigrant status of the respondent's father, and the income of the head of household.
Curated
Arms Control in the European Political Environment: French and German Elite Responses, 1964 (ICPSR 7274)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Europe, France, Germany, Global
This study collected data from 147 French and 173 German elite figures in order to investigate four significant aspects of French and West German politics relevant to the issue of arms control and disarmament in Western Europe. These four areas were domestic policy, foreign policy, European integration, and arms control and disarmament. The questions probed respondents' perceptions of the political system and its future, opinions on specific foreign policy issues and their relationship to domestic politics, the two Germanys question, national sovereignty versus international associations, European integration, and various nuclear strategies and arms control arrangements. Latent attitude structures were also measured. The "latent attitudes" questions tapped the respondents' interest in and emotional reactions to issues, perceptions of emotional reactions to professional roles and responsibilities, general ability to structure problems, open-mindedness, alienation, and feelings of competence. Biographical data, including standard demographic and personal information as well as data on party, military, and governmental backgrounds, were compiled from public records and interviews. Demographic variables cover age, sex, religious affiliation, level of education, military service, and past and present occupations.
Curated
Asia Europe Survey (ASES): A Multinational Comparative Study in 18 Countries, 2001 (ICPSR 22324)
Released/updated on: 2008-06-24
Geographic coverage: Singapore, Japan, Europe, Philippines, China (Peoples Republic), United Kingdom, Malaysia, Thailand, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, South Korea, Sweden, Asia, Ireland, Taiwan, Italy, France, Germany, Indonesia
Time period: 2000-10-01--2000-12-01
The purpose of the survey was to study, in 18 countries of Asia and Europe, how democracy (or quasi-democracy) functions in response to various domestic and international stimuli, with a focus on the rise of civil society and the deepening of globalization. The 18 countries surveyed include from East and Southeast Asia: Japan, South Korea, China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines, and from Western Europe: the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Germany, Sweden, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece. The questionnaire covers generally five topics: (1) identity, (2) trust, (3) satisfaction, (4) beliefs and actions, and (5) socio-economic attributes. For the first topic, the survey asked respondents for their nationality and its importance to them, whether it was respected by others and given fair treatment in international economic and political affairs, and how proud of it they were. Respondents were also asked how important it was for them to have citizenship, fluency in their country's dominant language, and to practice their nationality's dominant religion. Respondents were asked if they identified with a community or a group rather than a nationality (i.e. neighborhoods, ethnic group, and religion), if they belonged to larger groups in which people from other countries were included (i.e. European, Asian, and Islamic), and how proud they were of their country's achievements or politics. The next topic asked respondents to assess their level of confidence in their country's government and endeavors (i.e. political parties, law and courts, and mass media) and in international organizations (i.e. World Bank and NATO), to name their country's foreign ministers, and if they could name the five countries with permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council. For the third topic, respondents were asked how well their countries handled issues of politics and citizens, about their personal life situation, their country's development, and the international situation. Regarding beliefs and actions, respondents were asked to comment on the effects of development around the world (i.e., products, money, people, and information being able to move globally), the importance of social issues (i.e., human rights and unemployment), and whether such issues should be dealt with by the country alone or by all countries working together, and if they agreed with specific statements others have made about the government, economy, and politics. They were questioned about their interest in politics, their left-to-right stance in politics, what political activities they had participated in, whether they had voted in the presidential and/or local elections, which political party they felt closest to, and their level of satisfaction with politics in their society. The final topic included questions on the respondent's awareness of political or governmental affairs through different types of media (i.e., newspaper, radio, and television), life satisfaction, fluency in English, frequency with which they attended religious services, religious domination, sex, age, living situation, highest completed level of education, employment, household's living standards, income, and ethnic group.
Curated
Brazilian University Students' Images of the United States, 1963 (ICPSR 7041)
Released/updated on: 2009-09-29
Geographic coverage: South America, Brazil, Global, Latin America
This study was based on a survey administered to students at nine universities in Brazil in 1963. The questions probed the respondents' knowledge of the world outside Brazil, especially the United States. The major portion of the study focused on the respondents' perceptions of similarities and dissimilarities between the United States and Brazil in varied areas such as attitudes toward the family as a primary group, social class structure, importance of the labor movement, the quality of education, the meaning of nationalism, opportunities for Blacks, moral standards of the people, political participation, and private versus public initiatives within the economy. Respondents were also asked to predict the answers that a United States citizen would give to these same questions about Brazil. Other questions probed the respondents' sources of information about the United States, including newspapers, magazines, movies, radio, television, and personal relations with people from the United States. The demographic data refer to the respondent's university, major field of study, residence, father's occupation, family income, self-perceived social class, and race.
Curated
British Election Study: October 1974, Scottish Cross-Section (ICPSR 7871)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-16
Geographic coverage: Great Britain, United Kingdom, Scotland, Global
The October 1974 Scottish cross-section is part of a continuing series of surveys of the British electorate, begun by David Butler and Donald Stokes at Nuffield College, Oxford, in 1963, and continued at the University of Essex. Respondents were interviewed between October 15, 1974 and January 20, 1975. Some of the respondents had been interviewed in the February 1974 cross-section or in the October 1974 cross-section, but the majority of respondents were first interviewed in the Scottish cross-section. For the Scottish cross-section, respondents answered questions relating to the mass media (e.g., attention to newspapers and television and perceived bias in newspapers), their first and second choices in the October 1974 general election, and their opinions of the Conservative, Labour, Liberal, and Scottish Nationalist political parties (e.g., perceived differences among parties, knowledge of party position/record, party identification, and the strength of party preference). Respondents also were asked for their views on a range of social issues relating to domestic and foreign affairs, with emphasis on the economy and the Common Market. Respondents were then asked how the parties stood on each issue, and how much that influenced the respondent's vote. Some of the issues included rising prices, strikes, unemployment, pensions, housing, North Sea oil, the Common Market, social services, nationalization, wage controls, voluntary agreements, devolution, the Scottish Assembly, and Scottish Government. Respondents were then asked to agree or disagree with the suggestions that government should: establish comprehensives, increase cash to health service, repatriate immigrants, control land, increase foreign aid, toughen on crime, control pollution, give workers more say, curb Communists, spend on poverty, redistribute wealth, decentralize power, preserve the countryside, and maintain Catholic schools. Respondents were also asked for their attitudes about their personal financial status, change/getting ahead, life in general, today's standards, local government, their own occupations, and the government's achievements. They also gave their predictions for Britain's future economy and of the outcome of the October election, and compared Britain's government and industry with those of Europe. Background information includes age, sex, marital status, religion, place of residence during childhood, subjective class, forced subjective class, family class, housing tenure, type and length of residence, employment status, degree of responsibility in and training for job (respondent and spouse), experience of unemployment in household, income, trade union membership (respondent and spouse), and socioeconomic group.
Curated
British General Election Cross-Section Survey, 1997 (ICPSR 2615)
Released/updated on: 2000-01-18
Geographic coverage: Great Britain, United Kingdom, Scotland, Global
For this cross-section survey, respondents were interviewed following the May 1, 1997, British General Election. A total of 3,615 respondents were successfully interviewed, 882 of them in Scotland. The survey involved personal interviews with a random sample of British adults who were asked to complete a survey supplement following the interview. The aims of the 1997 survey were (1) to compare the voting behavior and issues of identity north and south of the Scottish border, (2) to analyze the interaction among long-term structural trends, medium-term economic and other influences, and short-term political factors, (3) to explore the manner in which those factors influence electoral outcomes, and (4) to draw international comparisons on the impact of electoral institutions on voting behavior and on attitudes toward elections. Fieldwork was conducted in May-August 1997. Topics covered the campaign leading to the 1997 elections, participation in 1997 local elections, political knowledge, trust in government, images of British leadership, and views on British political parties, the European Union, Northern Ireland, nuclear weapons, unemployment, inflation, nationalization and privatization of companies, redistribution of income, women's rights, the role of government in social policy, abortion, ethnic minorities, the British economy, and the future of governmental institutions such as the House of Lords. Background information on respondents includes age, sex, race, ethnicity, political party, political orientation, marital status, number of members in household, social class, employment history, health insurance status, citizenship, country of birth, voter registration and participation history, household income, education, religion, parents' employment history, parents' voting behavior, spouse's employment history, and union membership.
Curated
British General Election Study: Ethnic Minority Survey, 1997 (ICPSR 2618)
Released/updated on: 2000-01-18
Geographic coverage: Great Britain, United Kingdom, Global
The 705 respondents to the Ethnic Minority Survey are a subset of the BRITISH GENERAL ELECTION CROSS-SECTION SURVEY, 1997 (ICPSR 2615) with an ethnic boost generated by a random screening survey. Eligible ethnic minority respondents for this survey were those who considered themselves to be Black, Indian, Pakistani, or Bangladeshi. The aims of this survey were (1) to measure the extent to which ethnic minority voters are integrated into the electoral process, (2) to evaluate, after taking into account social background, whether members of the main ethnic minorities vote differently from each other and from their white counterparts, (3) to examine whether the political attitudes of ethnic minority voters differ significantly from those of white voters, and (4) to explore whether members of ethnic minorities are influenced by different considerations than their white counterparts in deciding how to vote, and to evaluate in particular the importance of issues of race and immigration in voting behavior of ethnic minority and white voters. Fieldwork was conducted between May 1, 1997, the day of the 1997 British general election, and August 1997. Respondents were asked for their opinions on the existence of prejudice against them, recent improvements in Britain for minorities, the role of the government in improving conditions for minorities, the effectiveness of laws against racial discrimination and racial violence, school programs tailored for minority students, Britain's blasphemy law, state funding of religious schools, the stances of British political parties toward minorities, and the presence of minority figures in British politics. Additionally, topics covered in the Cross-Section Survey include the 1997 election campaign, participation in 1997 local elections, political knowledge, trust in government, images of British leadership, and views on British political parties, the European Union, Northern Ireland, nuclear weapons, unemployment, inflation, nationalization and privatization of companies, redistribution of income, women's rights, the role of government in social policy, abortion, ethnic minorities, the British economy, and the future of governmental institutions such as the House of Lords. Background information on respondents includes age, sex, race, ethnicity, political party, political orientation, marital status, number of members in household, social class, employment history, health insurance status, citizenship, country of birth, voter registration and participation history, household income, education, religion, parents' employment history, parents' voting behavior, spouse's employment history, and union membership.
Curated
British General Election Study: Scottish Election Survey, 1997 (ICPSR 2617)
Released/updated on: 2000-01-18
Geographic coverage: Great Britain, United Kingdom, Scotland, Global
The 882 respondents to the Scottish Election Survey are a subset of those surveyed for the BRITISH GENERAL ELECTION CROSS-SECTION SURVEY, 1997 (ICPSR 2615). The aims of the Scottish Election Survey survey were (1) to contribute to the construction of a time series on electoral change at a time when political divergence was one of the key features of political behavior within the United Kingdom (UK), (2) to model political behavior and attitudes in Scotland with regard to Britain as a whole, the nations and regions of the UK, and within Scotland itself, (3) to understand nationalism in Scotland in the wider European context, and (4) to provide a benchmark for assessing the outcomes of Scottish Parliament elections and against which to assess future constitutional change. Respondents were asked for their opinions on the possibility of a separate Scottish Parliament, the Scottish National Party, how the European Union will affect Scotland, the economic benefits to both England and Scotland of Scotland's being part of the UK, social class differences between England and Scotland, the relationship between Protestants and Catholics in Scotland, the importance of a Scottish heritage, and the faith held by the Scottish that British political parties will work in their interest. Additionally, topics repeated from the Cross-Section Survey include the 1997 campaign, participation in 1997 local elections, British political parties, trust in government, images of British leadership, the European Union, Northern Ireland, nuclear weapons, unemployment, inflation, nationalization and privatization of companies, redistribution of income, women's rights, the role of government in social policy, abortion, ethnic minorities, the British economy, political knowledge, and the future of governmental institutions such as the House of Lords. Background information on respondents includes age, sex, race, ethnicity, political party, political orientation, marital status, number of members in household, social class, employment history, health insurance status, citizenship, country of birth, voter registration and participation history, household income, education, religion, parents' employment history, parents' voting behavior, spouse's employment history, and union membership.
Curated
British Social Attitudes Survey, 1999 (ICPSR 3898)
Released/updated on: 2004-07-14
Geographic coverage: Great Britain, United Kingdom, Global
This survey is part of a continuing series designed to monitor trends in a wide range of social attitudes in Great Britain. The British Social Attitudes Survey (BSA) is similar in purpose to the General Social Survey carried out by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) in the United States. The BSA questionnaire has two parts, one administered by an interviewer and the other completed by the respondent. As in the past, the 1999 interview questionnaire contained a number of "core" questions covering the major topic areas of defense, the economy, labor market participation, and the welfare state. The 1999 self-enumerated questionnaire was devoted to a series of questions on a range of social, economic, political, and moral issues. Topics covered (by section) are: (1) newspaper readership, (2) party identification, (3) housing, (4) public spending and social welfare, (5) health, (6) economic activity and labor market, (7) English nationalism, (8) constitutional issues, (9) begging, (10) religion, (11) administration, (12) countryside, (13) transport, (14) education, and (15) taste and decency. An international initiative funded by the Nuffield Foundation, the International Social Survey Program (ISSP), also contributed a module to the BSA. The topic of the ISSP module in this collection was social inequality. Additional demographic data gathered included age, gender, education, occupation, household income, marital status, social class, and religious and political affiliations.
Curated
Canadian National Election Study, 1974 (ICPSR 7379)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Canada, Global
Conducted in the months following the July 8, 1974, election in Canada, this study explored the Canadian electorate's political attitudes and behavior at both the federal and provincial levels. Respondents were asked about their interest in politics, their images of party leaders, opinions on political and social issues, campaign information sources and political involvement, as well as their voting history and party identification. Other items dealt more specifically with the 1974 campaign and election. Besides ascertaining how respondents voted, the study attempted to establish when voting decisions were made, and for what reasons. Also explored were attitudes on political and social issues like bilingualism, foreign investment, inflation, separatism, and majority government. "Feeling thermometers" were used to gauge respondents' feelings toward their provinces, Canada as a whole, and other countries, as well as toward specific parties, party leaders, and candidates in the 1974 federal election. A number of items dealt with Canadian federalism, comparing federal and provincial government influence. Demographic data include sex, age, marital status, education, occupation, and organizational membership. In addition, extensive information is provided about occcupational and social mobility of male respondents' fathers, grandfathers, and sons. In order to maximize the number of questions that could be administered, two forms of the interview were developed. Half of the respondents were administered Form 1 and the others Form 2. While many items in the two forms are identical, there are also several items that are present in one form only.
Curated
Center for Research on Social Reality [Spain] Survey, January 1994: Supranational Identification (ICPSR 2030)
Released/updated on: 2009-08-26
Geographic coverage: Europe, Global, Spain
This survey was designed to measure public opinion of the Spanish population on a variety of topics relating to questions of national and supranational identity. Respondents were asked about their current situation, their concerns, degree of personal satisfaction, degree of happiness, and basic attitudes. Respondents were asked for their opinions about Spain and the world, and what they thought were the most important national and international issues. Respondents were asked about their identification with other countries and regions in around the world, as well as their knowledge of and interest in world affairs. A series of questions was also asked about their attitudes and identification with Latin America. Questions addressed the following specific topics: their knowledge of Latin American countries, their evaluation of Spanish influence in Latin America, present relations between Spain and Latin America, desired relations between Spain and Latin America, and their basic attitudes towards Spanish-Latin American relations. There was a similar series of questions relating to attitudes and identification with Europe. Respondents were asked about their knowledge of and attitudes toward the European Economic Community (EEC), the perceived benefits for Spain due to membership in the EEC, their degree of identification with Europe, their participation in European elections, the consequences of European unification, and their experience traveling in Europe. Respondents also were asked about their identification with their autonomous community and whether they identified more with it or with Spain. Demographic information includes gender, age, marital status, size of household, occupation, religion, political ideology, social class (subjective), place of birth, place of residence, education, and income.
Curated
Center for Research on Social Reality [Spain] Survey, June 1991: Political Culture (ICPSR 9895)
Released/updated on: 1993-02-12
Geographic coverage: Europe, Global, Spain
This data collection is part of a continuing series of semi-monthly surveys of individuals in Spain. Each survey consists of three sections. The first section collects information on respondents' attitudes regarding personal and national issues. This section includes questions on level of life satisfaction and frequency of relationships, as well as a rating of the importance of national issues. The second section varies according to the monthly topic, with this survey's topic focusing on political culture. Among the issues investigated are the political attitudes of the respondent's family, attitudes toward social inequality, evaluation of the role of the state, evaluation of the Spanish economic system, attitudes toward different aspects of Spanish politics, desired form of government for Spain, the role of the king and succession to the crown, nationalism, and attitudes toward Franco's regime. The third section collects demographic data such as sex, age, religion, income, and place of residence.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
East Asian Social Survey (EASS), Cross-National Survey Data Sets: Culture and Globalization in East Asia, 2018 (ICPSR 38489)
Released/updated on: 2022-11-03
Geographic coverage: South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China (Peoples Republic)
Time period: 2017-11-10--2019-02-28
The East Asian Social Survey (EASS) is a biennial social survey project that serves as a cross-national network of the following four General Social Survey type surveys in East Asia: the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), the Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), the Korean General Social Survey (KGSS), and the Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS), and comparatively examines diverse aspects of social life in these regions. Since its 1st module survey in 2006, EASS produces and disseminates its module survey datasets and this is the harmonized data for the 7th module survey, called 'Culture and Globalization in East Asia'.
Survey information in this module is the same topic as the second module of the EASS 2008, and it focuses on cultural norms and expectations of respondents. Respondents were asked about their exposure to East Asian cultural activities and rituals as well as opinion on family responsibilities and roles. Other topics include sources of international news and discussion frequency, countries or regions traveled, as well as where acquaintances live. Additionally, respondents were asked how accepting they would be of people from other countries as coworkers, neighbors, and in marriage. Information was collected regarding foreign practices, whether the respondent was working for a foreign capital company, and the economic environment. Respondents were also asked to assess their own proficiency when reading, speaking, and writing in English. Demographic information specific to the respondent and their spouse includes age, sex, marital status, education, employment status and hours worked, occupation, earnings and income, religion, class, size of community, and region.
Curated
Euro-barometer 10: National Priorities and the Institutions of Europe, October-November 1978 (ICPSR 7728)
Released/updated on: 1996-12-10
Geographic coverage: Netherlands, Great Britain, Belgium, Europe, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany, Global
Time period: 1978-10-01--1978-11-01
This round of Euro-Barometer surveys queried respondents on standard Euro-Barometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, what their country's goals should be for the next ten years, and how they viewed the need for societal change. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the European Community (EC), including how well-informed they felt about the EC, what sources of information about the EC they used, whether their country had benefited from being an EC member, and the extent of their personal interest in EC matters. Another major focus of the surveys was on European institutions and on problems that respondents felt should be given political priority in the coming years. These issues were probed both in terms of their importance and in terms of whether the national governments or the European Community as a whole might better deal with them. Perceptions of recent changes in the extent of integration and understanding among the Common Market countries also were explored, as were attitudes toward the forthcoming European Parliamentary elections. Standard demographic information collected includes each respondent's religion, education, occupation, marital status, age, and sex, as well as the occupation of the head of household and the composition of the household. In addition to the survey itself, the ICPSR version of the study contains constructed indices on materialist/post-materialist values, left-right partisan vote, European Parliament partisan vote, and cognitive mobilization index (an indicator of an individual's potential to take an active role in the political process). Euro-Barometer 10 contains data gathered from representative samples of respondents aged 15 or older interviewed in each of the nine nations of the EC (Germany, Great Britain, Denmark, Italy, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, and the Netherlands) in October-November 1978.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Euro-barometer 13: Regional Development and Integration, April 1980 (ICPSR 7957)
Released/updated on: 2015-06-08
Geographic coverage: Europe, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Great Britain, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany
This round of Euro-Barometer surveys queried respondents on standard Euro-Barometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, what their country's goals should be for the next ten years, and how they viewed the need for societal change. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the European Community (EC), including how well-informed they felt about the EC, what sources of information about the EC they used, whether their country had benefited from being an EC member, and the extent of their personal interest in EC matters. Another major focus of the surveys was regional development and integration. Respondents were asked questions about regional development within the EC and preferences for political and military ties with the United States, NATO, and the Eastern European bloc. Questions on the inclusion of Greece, Spain, and Portugal in the EC were also asked. Demographic information about the respondents includes age, sex, financial situation, age at completion of education, number of persons and children living in respondent's home, occupation, language spoken, religion, family income, marital status, age upon completion of full-time education, occupation of head of household, composition of household, number of people working at respondent's workplace, objective and subjective size of town, and region and province of interview. Indices are included as created by the original investigators. Euro-Barometer 13 contains data gathered from representative samples of respondents who were interviewed in each of the nine nations of the EC (Germany, Great Britain, Denmark, Italy, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, and the Netherlands) in April 1980.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Euro-barometer 15: Membership in the European Community, April 1981 (ICPSR 7959)
Released/updated on: 2017-03-27
Geographic coverage: Greece, Netherlands, Great Britain, Belgium, Europe, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany, Global
This round of Euro-Barometer surveys queried respondents on standard Euro-Barometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, and whether they discussed political matters. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the European Community (EC), including whether their country had benefited from being an EC member, and the extent of their personal interest in EC matters. Another major focus of the surveys was membership in the EC. Respondents were asked about the effects of EC membership on such matters as energy, employment, trade, tourism, and relations between nations. Respondents also were asked for opinions on various EC policies. Television viewing habits and interest in French culture were also measured for a subset of respondents in Great Britain, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Italy. Demographic information about respondents includes age, sex, marital status, number of persons and children living in respondent's home, family income, occupation, age upon completion of full-time education, occupation of head of household, left-right self placement, size of town where respondent lives, and number of people working at respondent's workplace. Indices are included as created by the original investigators. Euro-Barometer 15 contains data gathered from representative samples of respondents who were interviewed in each of the ten nations of the EC (Germany, Great Britain, Denmark, Italy, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Greece) in April 1981.
Curated
Euro-barometer 19: Gender Roles in the European Community, April 1983 (ICPSR 8152)
Released/updated on: 1996-12-10
Geographic coverage: Greece, Netherlands, Great Britain, Belgium, Europe, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany, Global
This round of Euro-Barometer surveys queried respondents on standard Euro-Barometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, and whether they discussed political matters. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the European Community (EC), including whether their country had benefited from being an EC member, and the extent of their personal interest in EC matters. Another major focus of the surveys was women's rights and the proper role of women in society, in politics, and in the workplace. Additional questions concerned respondents' knowledge about and attitudes toward the European Parliament. Other questions dealt with the respondents' current level of happiness, amount of national pride, group memberships, social activities, political involvement and attitudes, and sources of political information. Demographic data for each respondent includes sex, age, role of religion in political decisions, occupation of head of household, marital status, composition of household, family income, objective and subjective size of community, and province and region of interview. Several constructed indices also are included. Euro-Barometer 19 contains data gathered from representative samples of respondents who were interviewed in each of the ten nations of the EC (Germany, Great Britain, Denmark, Italy, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Greece) in April 1983.
Curated
Euro-barometer 21: Political Cleavages in the European Community, April 1984 (ICPSR 8263)
Released/updated on: 1996-12-10
Geographic coverage: Greece, Netherlands, Great Britain, Belgium, Europe, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany, Global
This study explores public attitudes in the ten member nations of the European Economic Community. The monitoring of attitudes on European integration, life satisfaction, and social goals undertaken in previous Euro-Barometers was continued in this data collection. Respondents were asked questions regarding the European Community, specifically which nations they would prefer not be members of the Community. Respondents were also questioned concerning their consumer attitudes and buying habits, particularly concerning foreign products. German and British respondent attitudes toward present levels of government spending in a number of areas were also investigated. Additional questions, asked in Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands and Great Britain, measure respondent support for various political movements, such as ecology and anti-nuclear groups.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Euro-Barometer 30: Immigrants and Out-Groups in Western Europe, October-November 1988 (ICPSR 9321)
Released/updated on: 2017-03-27
Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany
Time period: 1988-10-01--1988-11-01
This round of Euro-Barometer surveys investigated life satisfaction, union membership, smoking habits, knowledge and views regarding cancer, views on the importance of NATO and certain national problems, attitudes toward democracy and individual liberties, attitudes toward immigrants and out-groups (i.e., people of another nationality, race, religion, culture, or social class), and knowledge of and attitudes toward European Community institutions and policies, including the Common Agricultural Policy and the creation of a single European market in 1992. Respondents also were asked to name current topics and events most important for them and to state whether or not certain causes such as the protection of wildlife and the promotion of world peace were worth taking risks and making sacrifices for. Questions on political party preferences asked respondents which party they felt the closest to, how they voted in their country's last general election, how they would vote if a general election were held tomorrow, and how they planned to vote in the June 1989 elections for the European Parliament. The survey also gauged respondents' perceptions of the general attitude of each country's political parties toward the European Community. The inquiry into out-groups asked respondents to identify groups that came to mind when they thought of people of another nationality, race, religion, culture, or social class. Respondents were asked if they counted any out-group members among their friends and if any of these persons worked at their place of employment or lived in their neighborhood. Additional questions asked respondents if they were disturbed by the presence of these out-groups and if they thought that these groups exploited social welfare benefits, increased unemployment, contributed to delinquency and violence, affected property prices, or reduced the level of education in schools. In West Germany, France, Great Britain, and the Netherlands, respondents were queried about their attitudes and feelings toward specific out-groups: Southern Europeans, North Africans, Turks, Black Africans, Asians, Southeast Asians, West Indians, Jews, Surinamers, and Northern Europeans. The section on cancer queried respondents about their knowledge of the causes of cancer and medical recommendations for its early detection and prevention, and asked respondents if they followed or intended to follow those recommendations. Additional information gathered includes family income, home ownership, number of persons and children under 15 residing in the home, size of locality, region of residence, occupation of the head of household, and the respondent's age, sex, occupation, education, religion, religiosity, subjective social class standing, and left-right political self-placement.
Curated
Euro-barometer 33.0: The Single European Market: Eastern Europe, Spring 1990 (ICPSR 9518)
Released/updated on: 1996-12-10
Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany
Time period: 1990-03-19--1990-04-16
This round of Euro-Barometer surveys queried respondents on standard Euro-Barometer measures such as life satisfaction, their country's goals for the next 10 or 15 years, and awareness of and attitudes toward the Common Market and the European Community (EC), as well as special topics including the recent changes in Eastern Europe, European sports and nationalism, and nuclear energy and radioactivity. The respondent's thoughts about the social dimension of the EC were explored by questions that asked whether the respondent thought the "Community Charter of Fundamental Social Rights" was a good thing, and what policy areas the respondent would favor or disfavor for inclusion in the charter. On matters concerning changes in Eastern Europe, respondents were asked how much they agreed with several proposals for how the EC could best respond to the changes, and which was more important--the Single European Market, the unification of the two German states, or the unification of Western and Eastern Europe. Other questions asked how threatening fascists and communists were to the respondent's country's way of life and whether the respondent agreed with statements detailing the level of participation of fascists and communists in the political process. The topic of sports and nationalism was addressed through questions asking whether respondents felt prouder when national sports teams won or when European teams won, whether they would favor Olympic teams from EC countries wearing a European Emblem, and whether the number of foreign "football" (soccer) players on club teams in the EC countries should be limited. The final line of query dealt with nuclear energy and radioactivity, and asked for the respondent's agreement with statements about the production, management, and wastes of nuclear power, how satisfied the respondent was with the information about radioactivity, and how much the respondent trusted several different sources of information about radioactivity. Demographic and other background information was gathered on number of people residing in the home, size of locality, home ownership, trade union membership, region of residence, and occupation of the head of household, as well as the respondent's age, sex, marital status, education, occupation, work sector, religion, religiosity, subjective social class, left-right political self-placement, and opinion leadership.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Eurobarometer 79.4: Social Climate, Development Aid, Cyber Security, Public Transport, Anti-Microbial Resistance and Space Technology, May-June 2013 (ICPSR 36038)
Released/updated on: 2015-07-08
Geographic coverage: Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Great Britain, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Northern Ireland, Spain, Czech Republic, Belgium, European Union, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia
Time period: 2013-06-09--2013-06-24
The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics however this collection does not contain standard module questions. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.
This round of Eurobarometer surveys covers the following special topics: (1) social climate, (2) development aid (3) cyber security (4) public transport (5) Anti-microbial resistance and (6) space technology. In regard to social climate, respondents were asked about their life satisfaction, employment, opinions on healthcare and pension provisions, unemployment benefits, cost of living and asked about past present and future options on the affordability of housing and energy. Lastly thoughts were measured on EU investments and knowledge of the European Social Fund. The development aid section includes questions on the importance of helping developing countries, the Millennium Development Goals, future focus of development policy, and practicality of achieving development goals. Questions in the cyber security section asks about frequency of Internet use, devices used to access the Internet, online activities, confidence in the ability to engage in Internet transactions, online banking concerns, adjustments to Internet use based upon concerns, online harassment and knowledge of cybercrime risks. Queries of public transport/ urban mobility special topic asks about use of car, public transportation, cycling and walking, frequency of travel within cities, problems during travel, opinions on problems in the city, ways to improve city travel, measures to improve travel and responsibility for reducing traffic. Measures taken from the anti-microbial resistance section include use of antibiotics, how antibiotics are obtained, reason for taking antibiotics, knowledge about antibiotics, opinions on group responsibility and knowledge and opinions about use of antibiotics. Lastly, the space technology section asks about the role of space derived technologies, opinions on investing in human space exploration, consequences of climate change, opinions on whether linking space activities to education would encourage students to choose STEM careers, ready to use automated vehicles, opinions on whether space investment will lead to job creation, concerns about asteroids and space-based services, reasons for and against investing in space exploration.
Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status and parental relations, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or a mobile telephone and other durable goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Eurobarometer 79.5: One year to go to the 2014 European Elections - European Parliament and Institutions, European Identity, and Globalization Challenges, June 2013 (ICPSR 36243)
Released/updated on: 2015-10-21
Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Great Britain, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, Europe, Northern Ireland, Spain, Czech Republic, Belgium, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia
Time period: 2013-06-07--2013-06-23
The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.
This round of Eurobarometer surveys is a European Parliament Eurobarometer, or "Parlemeter", and covers the following special topics: (1) Information on and role of the European Parliament (EP), (2) Knowledge about European institutions and the EP, (3) Present and Future of the EP - values and policies, (4) European Identity, and (5) Globalization challenges. Respondents were asked about their opinions, awareness, and understanding of European institutions, most notably the European Commission and European Parliament, as well as about upcoming election and the election process for the European Commission and European Parliament. Additionally, respondents were asked about policies, procedures, and functions of European institutions, elements of European identity and citizenship, benefits and negative effects imposed by globalization, speculations on the growth of various country's economies and their economic power in the world, and about the European economy and European Union budget.
Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status and parental relations, occupation, age when full-time education ended, household composition, ownership of a fixed or a mobile telephone and other durable goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Eurobarometer 82.3: Standard Eurobarometer 82, November 2014 (ICPSR 36663)
Released/updated on: 2017-04-12
Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Iceland, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Great Britain, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Serbia, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, Northern Ireland, Spain, Albania, Czech Republic, Turkey, Belgium, European Union, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Macedonia, Germany, Montenegro, Estonia
Time period: 2013-01-01--2014-01-01
The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.
This round of Eurobarometer surveys covers standard trend questions and the following special topics: (1) Europe 2020 strategy, (2) the financial and economic crisis, (3) European citizenship, and (4) information on EU political matters. Respondents' opinions were collected regarding several important issues facing their country and the EU, including the economy, citizenship, taxation, education, unemployment, crisis measures, EU membership, EU 2020 goals, and shared values among EU members. Additionally, respondents were asked to report their level of trust in government institutions, whether they felt their voices were being heard in the electoral system, and where they received information about the EU.
Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of durable goods, difficulties in paying bills, self-assessed social class, left-right political self-placement, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).
Curated
European Communities Study, 1970 (ICPSR 7260)
Released/updated on: 2002-10-11
Geographic coverage: Netherlands, Great Britain, Belgium, Europe, Italy, France, Germany, Global
A precursor to the Eurobarometer studies, this survey queried respondents of six European countries on some of what would become standard Eurobarometer measures, such as how satisfied respondents were with their present lives. Other questions focused on respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the European Community (EC), including how well-informed they felt about the EC, what sources of information about the EC they used, whether their country had benefited from being an EC member, and the extent of their personal interest in EC matters. Another major focus of the survey was on the respondents' attitudes toward the unification of Europe, probing opinions concerning the economic, political, and administrative aspects of unification. Information was gathered concerning national pride and willingness to replace individual symbols of nationalism with "United States of Europe" symbols. In addition, the study investigated the respondents' attitudes toward world society and politics. The emphasis was on the respondents' opinion of appropriate governmental priorities, both domestic and international. The degree of political participation of the respondents and their trust of foreigners was also ascertained. The data include two constructed indices that were used in analyses conducted by Ronald Inglehart and reported in THE SILENT REVOLUTION: CHANGING VALUES AND POLITICAL STYLES AMONG WESTERN PUBLICS (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977). One of these indices places the respondent along a materialist-postmaterialist values continuum and the other categorizes the respondent's political ideology according to his or her party preference. Demographic data include sex, age, education, occupation, size of town, and region. This study contains data for 1,296 respondents from Belgium, 2,046 from France, 2,014 from Germany, 1,806 from Italy, and 1,405 from the Netherlands in Part 1. Part 2 supplies data for 1,975 respondents from Great Britain. A shorter version of the questionnaire was used in Great Britain.
Curated
European Communities Study, 1971 (ICPSR 7275)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: Netherlands, Belgium, Europe, Italy, France, Germany, Global
A precursor to the Eurobarometer studies, this survey contained four major sections that measured: (1) the respondents' feelings of regional belonging, (2) their awareness of and ideas about agricultural problems, (3) their opinions of the Common Market and European unification, and (4) the amount and source of their knowledge in these areas. The section of the study dealing with regional sentiments probed the degree of regional nationalism felt by the respondents. The extent of past and anticipated future inter-regional mobility within each country and within Europe was also investigated. The section on agricultural problems explored existing problems, their causes, and the future of agriculture in the respondents' countries. The emphasis of the study was on the Common Market section. Respondents' opinions about the effects of the Market on agriculture, industry, and the region as a whole were elicited as were reactions to the possibility of expansion in order to include more countries. In addition, some questions examined attitudes toward the desirability and feasibility of the evolution of a United States of Europe. The last section of the study ascertained how well informed the respondents were about problems in agriculture and economic development in their regions, and it probed their knowledge of the Common Market. Their opinions concerning the adequacy of television coverage of these topics were also probed. Other questions investigated the respondents' opinions on appropriate government priorities as well as their estimates of the probability of a third world war or a serious economic crisis. Demographic information gathered includes occupation, union affiliations, income, education, region of residence, and religion. This study contains data gathered from a total of 9,277 respondents aged 16 or older in representative samples from five European countries, including 1,459 from Belgium, 2,095 from France, 1,997 from Germany, 2,017 from Italy, and 1,673 from the Netherlands.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Korean General Social Survey (KGSS), 2004 (ICPSR 34660)
Released/updated on: 2014-01-24
Geographic coverage: South Korea, Asia, Global
Time period: 2004-06-01--2004-08-01
The Korean General Social Survey (KGSS) is the Korean version of the General Social Survey (GSS), closely replicating the original GSS of the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago. Each round of KGSS typically includes the topical module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), and/or the East Asian Social Survey (EASS), an international survey network of four GSS-type surveys in East Asia, (including China, Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea). Respondents were asked for their opinions on Korean society, politics and reunification, economic issues, social equity and inequality, and suicide. Additional questions were asked about the everyday life, household, family, education, occupation, and mental health of the respondents. Demographic information includes age, sex, education level, household income, employment status, religious preference, political party affiliation, and political philosophy.
Curated
The New York Times National Surveys, 1983 (ICPSR 8366)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States
This study consists of three surveys. Parts 1 and 2 are concerned primarily with attitudes towards the United States government, indicators of patriotism, and respondents' tolerance of civil liberties in hypothetical situations. In addition, respondents were asked their opinions on a variety of domestic economic and foreign policy issues. The third survey explored attitudes of American women towards traditional sex role models, attitudes toward women in the work force, and experiences of respondents in the work force in terms of salary, responsibility, and promotion. Other items included evaluation of Reagan's performance in office as well as questions about domestic and foreign policy issues. Demographic data were collected for all three surveys.
Curated
Pattern of Human Concerns Data, 1957-1963 (ICPSR 7023)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: Cuba, Yugoslavia, United States, Panama, Brazil, Israel, Nigeria, Germany, Global, India
Time period: 1957-01-01--1963-01-01
Of the 14 nations included in the original study, these data cover the following ten: Brazil, Cuba, Dominican Republic, India, Israel, Nigeria, Panama, United States, West Germany, and Yugoslavia. (The data for Egypt, Japan, the Philippines, and Poland are not available through ICPSR.) In India and Israel the interviews were conducted in two waves, with different samples. Besides ascertaining the usual personal information, the study employed a "Self-Anchoring Striving Scale," an open-ended scale asking the respondent to define hopes and fears for self and the nation, to determine the two extremes of a self-defined spectrum on each of several variables. After these subjective ratings were obtained, the respondents indicated their perceptions of where they and their nations stood on a hypothetical ladder at three different points in time. Demographic variables include the respondents' age, gender, marital status, and level of education. For more information on the samples, coding, and the means of measurement, see the related publication listed below.
Curated
Psychological Constructs of International Images: A Japanese Community Study, 1963 (ICPSR 7067)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Global
This study was conducted during the summer of 1963 in Yoshikawa-machi, Japan, with members of the general population and community leaders. Respondents' interest in the local community and degree of participation in local affairs were explored, as well as their involvement in community political life. The respondents were asked to react to certain world leaders and their respective countries -- Japan, United States, Russia, and Communist China -- and to abstract ideas such as peace and war by rating them on a series of descriptive scales. Another major portion of the study ascertained respondents' self-evaluations, sociability, personal ideological orientations, and political efficacy. The study comprises a number of demographic variables, including sex, age, marital status, education, income, and occupation.
Curated
Quebec Provincial and Federal Election Study, 1962: Rise of a Third Party (ICPSR 9003)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Canada, Quebec (province), Global
This survey was conducted a few months after the June 1962 federal election and just prior to the November 1962 Quebec provincial election. It provides information on respondents' voting intentions in the next Quebec provincial election and federal election, political affiliation of parents, general attitudes toward present Liberal provincial government compared to the Union Nationale, and their views on whether the Liberal government had fulfilled its election promises. Other questions elicited information on agriculture, unemployment, education, health, nationalization of companies, corruption, the budget deficit, government/church relations, opinions on various political issues, images of parties and party leaders, political knowledge and interest, partisanship, general political attitudes, present economic conditions and outlook, nationalism and separatism, and religiosity. Demographic information collected on respondents includes age, sex, country of birth, ethnicity, religion, marital status, number of children, education, employment status, occupation, social class identification, and father's occupation.
Curated
Quebec Provincial Election Study, 1973 (ICPSR 9004)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Canada, Quebec (province), Global
This telephone survey was conducted a few weeks after the October 29, 1973, provincial election in Quebec, Canada. Respondents were asked for their opinions on the actions of principal labor unions, whether they supported the separation of Quebec, and, if so, how long they had supported separation. Variables document respondents' choice of vote in the 1973 provincial election and the reasons for their choice. Respondents were also asked if they would have voted for Parti Quebecois if it had not been in favor of Quebec independence. Other variables probed respondents' attitudes toward the federal government and whether power should be concentrated in the provincial government or the federal government in Ottawa. Demographic information includes sex, age, education, marital status, occupation, labor union membership, language of interview, and respondent's origin -- French Canadian, English Canadian, Italian Canadian, or other. Data collected on respondent households includes number of persons over 18 years old in the household, family employment status over the last two years, occupation of head of household, labor union membership of head of household, and total family income.
Curated
Separatism, July-August 1963 [Quebec] (ICPSR 9007)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Canada, Quebec (province), Global
Time period: 1963-07-01--1963-08-01
This survey polled Canadian residents on the proposed secession of Quebec from the rest of Canada. Respondents were asked to provide their opinions on separation for Quebec, the best means of attaining separatism, French Canadian relations with English Canadians and with the federal government, possible economic effects of separatism, and the stand on separatism by the respondent's friends and relatives and by various public figures. Other variables include respondents' satisfaction with their current financial situation, outlook on their children's futures, frequency of contact with Anglophone Canadians at home and work, and whether they had ever been denied a job for lack of English language proficiency. Demographic information collected on respondents includes age, sex, education, language of education, English language proficiency, employment status, occupation, income, marital status, number of children, and length of current residence.
Curated
Restricted
Sequencing Terrorists' Precursor Behaviors: A Crime Specific Analysis, United States, 1980-2012 (ICPSR 36676)
Released/updated on: 2018-04-23
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1980-01-01--2012-01-01
These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
This study identified the temporal dimensions of terrorists' precursor conduct to determine if these behaviors occurred in a logically sequenced pattern, with a particular focus on the identification of sequenced patterns that varied by group type, group size, and incident type. The study specifically focused on how these pre-incident activities were associated with the successful completion or prevention of terrorist incidents and how they differed between categories of terrorism. Data utilized for this study came from the American Terrorism Study (ATS), a database that includes "officially designated" federal terrorism cases from 1980-October 1, 2016, collected for the National Institute of Justice.
The project focused on three major issues related to terrorists' precursor behaviors:
- A subgroup analysis of temporal, crime-specific patterns by group type,
- The nature of the planning process, and
- Factors associated with the outcomes of terrorist incidents (success or failure).
The collection contains 2 SPSS data files, Final_Hypothesis_Data_Set.sav (n=550; 16 variables) and Final_Sequencing_Antecedent_Temporal.sav (n=2354; 16 variables), and 1 plain text file, Recode_Syntax.txt.
Curated
WABC-TV Sweeps Survey, January 1985 (ICPSR 8557)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: New York City, United States, New York (state)
This survey examines social and moral attitudes. Respondents were questioned about their personal attitudes and behavior and about their perceptions of the United States at large. Topics covered include patriotism, marriage and the family, the sexual revolution and current sexual behavior, religion, work and financial status, and etiquette and manners. Data on demographic characteristics also are included.
Self-published
Weber Revisited: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Nationalism (ICPSR 119604)
Released/updated on: 2020-05-26
Geographic coverage: Poland, Germany
Time period: 1871-01-01--1914-01-01
This is the replication package for the article "Weber Revisited: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Nationalism".
Abstract:
We revisit Max Weber's hypothesis on the role of Protestantism for economic development. We show that nationalism is crucial to both, the interpretation of Weber's Protestant Ethic and empirical tests thereof. For late 19th century Prussia we reject Weber's suggestion that Protestantism mattered due to an "ascetic compulsion to save". Moreover, we find that income levels, savings, and literacy rates differed between Germans and Poles, not between Protestants and Catholics, using pooled OLS and IV regressions. We suggest that this result is due to anti-Polish discrimination.