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Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Anti-Americanism and the Rise of World Opinion in 104 Countries, 2014 (ICPSR 37637)

Released/updated on: 2020-09-23
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 2014-01-01--2014-12-31
The focus of this study is on the international community's perception of the United States and how it differed between the presidential administrations of George W. Bush and Barack Obama; primarily with a focus on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Other factors that are taken into account include the military strength and economic activities of countries.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs

2015 Chicago Council Survey of American Public Opinion and U.S. Foreign Policy (ICPSR 36437)

Released/updated on: 2016-07-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2015-01-01--2015-12-31
The Chicago Council Surveys are part of a long-running series of public opinion surveys conducted by The Chicago Council on Global Affairs beginning in 1974. They were conducted quadrennially from 1974 to 2002, biennially from 2002 to 2014, and are now conducted annually. The surveys are designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public on matters related to foreign policy, and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. This public opinion study of the United States focused on respondents' opinions of the United States' leadership role in the world and the challenges the country faces domestically and internationally. Data were collected on a wide range of international topics, including: United States' relations with other countries, role in foreign affairs, possible threats to vital interests in the next ten years, foreign policy goals, situations that might justify the use of United States troops in other parts of the world, international trade, United States' participation in potential treaties, U.S. policy towards Russia in Ukraine, the embargo on Cuba and the effects of renewed diplomatic relations with Havana, views of the nuclear deal with Iran and what effects that deal is likely to have, and United States' relations with allies in Asia. Respondents were also asked their opinion on domestic issues including climate change, measures to improve the United States' economic competitiveness, and their views on US immigration policy. Demographic information collected includes age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, left-right political self-placement, political affiliation, employment status, highest level of education, and religious preference, household income, state of residence, and living quarters ownership status.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs

2012 Chicago Council Survey on American Public Opinion and Foreign Policy (ICPSR 36230)

Released/updated on: 2015-12-07
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2012-01-01--2012-12-31

The Chicago Surveys are part of a long-running series of public opinion surveys conducted by The Chicago Council on Global Affairs every two years. This study is the 2012 Chicago Council Survey, designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public on matters related to foreign policy, and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate.

The 2012 Chicago Council Survey focuses on respondents' opinions of the United States' leadership role in the world and the challenges the country faces domestically and internationally.

The survey covers the following international topics: relations with other countries, role in foreign affairs, possible threats to vital interests in the next ten years, foreign policy goals, benefits or drawbacks of globalization, situations that might justify the use of United States troops in other parts of the world, the number and location of United States military bases overseas, respondent feelings toward people of other countries, opinions on the influence of other countries in the world and how much influence those countries should have, United States participation in potential treaties, the United States' role in the United Nations and NATO, which side the United States should take in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, what measures should be taken to deal with Iran's nuclear program, the military effort in Afghanistan, opinions on efforts to combat terrorism, and the rise of China as a global power.

Domestic issues include economic prospects for American children when they become adults, funding for government programs, the fairness of the current distribution of income in the United States, climate change, greenhouse gas emissions, and United States dependence on foreign energy sources.

Demographic and other background information include age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, left-right political self-placement, political affiliation, employment status, highest level of education, and religious preference. Also included are household size and composition, whether the respondent is head of household, household income, housing type, ownership status of living quarters, household Internet access, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status, and region and state of residence.

Curated

Transatlantic Trends Survey, 2011 (ICPSR 34422)

Released/updated on: 2012-12-10
Geographic coverage: Romania, United States, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Netherlands, Sweden, Turkey, Poland, Italy, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Germany
Time period: 2011-01-01--2011-12-31
The aim of this survey was to identify the attitudes of the public in the United States and in 13 European countries towards foreign policy and transatlantic issues. This survey concentrated on issues such as: United States and European Union (EU) leadership and relations, international relations, assessment of the current United States President on various issues such as the United States economy and combating international terrorism, and respondents' view of countries such as the United States, China, Russia, Brazil, and Japan. Respondents were also asked whether NATO was still essential, if they agreed with NATO's assertion that countries should maintain or increase defense spending, if the European Union and United States had enough common interests to cooperate on international issues and whether their relationship should become closer or be more independent, and if their own government should increase or decrease spending for defense. Respondents were also questioned on whether they were optimistic or pessimistic on issues such as stabilizing the situations in Afghanistan and Libya, their level of concern over Iran possibly developing nuclear weapons, and how to put an end to the Arab-Israeli conflict. Respondents were further queried about the role of the European Union and the United States in establishing democracy in other nations, whether they approved of their own country intervening to establish democracy in other nations, what countries were of most importance to their own nation's interests, the rise of China as a world power, the prospect of Turkey's membership in the European Union and possible consequences stemming from their joining, the state of the euro, and how much authority the EU should exercise over member nations. Lastly, respondents were asked how they were personally affected by the economic crisis, the importance of economic versus military power, their voting intentions in national elections, and how closely they followed world affairs. Demographic and other background information includes age, gender, political affiliation and partisanship, religion, race, age when finished full-time education and stage at which full-time education completed, occupation, type of phone line, household composition, type of locality, and region of residence.
Curated

Cooperative Congressional Election Study, 2006 (ICPSR 30141)

Released/updated on: 2012-03-26
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2006-01-01--2006-12-31
The Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES) focused on the study of how Americans view Congress and hold their representatives accountable during elections. The very large sample for this survey provided the opportunity to study legislative constituencies -- states and congressional districts -- as well as voters within those constituencies, to study very rare or low frequency events or very small populations, and to measure with fairly high accuracy interactions. Respondents of this survey were asked whether they approved of the way George W. Bush was handling his job as president, what they thought was the most important problem facing the country, whether they were satisfied with the way things were going in the country, and their opinions of the condition of the economy in their communities, in their state, and in the United States. Respondents were also asked whether they approved of the way their governor, their United States Senators, and their United States House Representatives were handling their jobs. Information was collected on whether respondents thought their neighborhoods were politically active, whether they were mostly Democrat or Republican, whether the United States was more Democratic or Republican, and whether they were interested in politics and current affairs. Information was collected on which candidate respondents planned on voting for in the races for governor, for United States Senate, and for United States House of Representatives, and which party they wanted to see control the United States Congress. Opinions were solicited on "partial-birth abortion", federal government stem cell research funding, United States troop withdrawal from Iraq, illegal immigration, increasing the minimum wage, cutting taxes on capital gains, a trade agreement that reduces barriers between the United States and Central America, and whether respondents thought their United States Senators voted for or against these issues. Respondents were queried about their voting experience on November 7, 2006, including whether they voted and how they voted, whether they were asked to show identification, how long they had to wait in line, whether there was a problem with their registration, who they voted for, and whether they voted for the Republican or Democratic candidate for various offices on the ballot including Secretary of State and Attorney General. Information was collected on whether respondents were part of any organizations, donated money to any political candidates or political party committees, tried to persuade someone to vote or how to vote, whether they were contacted by a candidate or political party organization to get them to vote, and who they thought would have the most seats after the newly elected United States House of Representatives and the Senate were sworn in. Other topics included same-sex marriage, Social Security, environmental protection, and Affirmative Action. Demographic information collected included race, religious preference, religious attendance, political viewpoints, employment status, home ownership status, household income, political party affiliation, and voter registration status.
Curated

Global Views 2010: American Public Opinion and Foreign Policy (ICPSR 31022)

Released/updated on: 2011-12-06
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2010-06-11--2010-06-22
This study is part of a quadrennial series designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public on matters related to foreign policy, and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. This public opinion study of the United States focused on respondents' opinions of the United States' leadership role in the world and the challenges the country faces domestically and internationally. The survey covered the following international topics: relations with other countries, role in foreign affairs, possible threats to vital interests in the next ten years, foreign policy goals, benefits or drawbacks of globalization, situations that might justify the use of United States troops in other parts of the world, the number and location of United States military bases overseas, respondent feelings toward people of other countries, opinions on the influence of other countries in the world and how much influence those countries should have, whether there should be a global regulating body to prevent economic instability, international trade, United States participation in potential treaties, the United States' role in the United Nations and NATO, respondent opinions on international institutions and regulating bodies such as the United Nations, World Trade Organization, and the World Health Organization, whether the United States will continue to be the world's leading power in the next 50 years, democracy in the Middle East and South Korea, the role of the United Nations Security Council, which side the United States should take in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, what measures should be taken to deal with Iran's nuclear program, the military effort in Afghanistan, opinions on efforts to combat terrorism and the use of torture to extract information from prisoners, whether the respondent favors or opposes the government selling military equipment to other nations and using nuclear weapons in various circumstances, the economic development of China, and the conflict between North and South Korea. Domestic issues included economic prospects for American children when they become adults, funding for government programs, the fairness of the current distribution of income in the United States, the role of government, whether the government can be trusted to do what is right, climate change, greenhouse gas emissions, United States' dependence on foreign energy sources, drilling for oil and natural gas off the coast of the United States, and relations with Mexico including such issues as the ongoing drug war, as well as immigration and immigration reform. Demographic and other background information included age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, left-right political self-placement, political affiliation, employment status, highest level of education, and religious preference. Also included are household size and composition, whether the respondent is head of household, household income, housing type, ownership status of living quarters, household Internet access, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status, and region and state of residence.
Curated

CBS News/New York Times/Tokyo Broadcasting System Japan Poll, November 18-21, 1991 (ICPSR 9860)

Released/updated on: 2011-10-20
Time period: 1991-11-18--1991-11-21
This survey, in addition to providing an ongoing evaluation of the Bush presidency, focused on Japan and the Japanese. Respondents were asked whether they approved of George Bush's handling of the presidency, foreign policy, and the economy. Other questions pertained to the amount of attention paid to news about Japan, descriptions of Americans and Japanese as competitive, easygoing, hardworking, lazy, courageous, cowardly, peaceloving, and warlike, relations between Japan and the United States, and the prospects for the future generation of Americans and Japanese. Respondents were also asked if most Japanese respect Americans and vice versa, and if Japan should be viewed as a dependable ally for the United States in the future and vice versa. Other queries centered around whether the increase in Japanese investment in the United States posed a threat to American economic independence, whether Japan had become a world power and should assume responsibilities toward other countries, and whether Japan should act as a leader in the world economy even if it required economic sacrifice on Japan's part. Those surveyed were also asked about the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan by the United States, the impetus behind Japan's involvement in World War II, Japan's present military strength, and whether the treaty calling for Japan's provision of bases for United States military forces in return for the United States' defense of Japan should be continued. Additional issues pertaining to Japan and the United States included the question of economic aid to the Soviet Union, military assistance to other countries, whether the United States should have sent troops to fight in the Persian Gulf, and if Japan should have done more to help to defeat Iraq during the war. Other topics included the field of candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination and holiday spending habits. Background information on respondents included labor union membership, political party preference, political orientation, religious preference, education, age, race, and family income.
Curated

CBS News Monthly Poll #1, September 2007 (ICPSR 22584)

Released/updated on: 2011-07-22
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2007-09-01--2007-09-30
This poll, fielded September 4-8, 2007, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicits public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. A national sample of 1,264 adults were surveyed, including an oversample 130 individuals with family members who are now serving in the United States armed forces or the United States reserves. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way George W. Bush was handling his job as president, whether they approved of the way Bush was handling the war in Iraq, foreign policy, the economy, and the United States campaign against terrorism. Respondents were also asked whether they approved of the way Congress was handling its job, whether they thought the country was going in the right direction, and what they thought was the most important problem facing the country. Respondents were asked to rate the condition of the national economy, whether they thought the economy was getting better, whether they thought removing Saddam Hussein from power was worth the loss of American life and other costs of attacking Iraq, and whether they served in the United States armed forces or had any family members that served. Information was collected on how much attention respondents paid to the 2008 presidential campaign, whether respondents thought abortion should be available to those who want it, whether presidential candidates should be judged on their political records and personal lives, and whether they would vote for the Republican candidate or the Democratic candidate in the 2008 presidential election. Opinions were sought on whether being mayor of a large city, a United States Senator, or a governor was the right kind of experience for becoming president of the United States. Opinions were also sought on the Democratic Party, the Republican Party, Rudy Giuliani, John McCain, Mitt Romney, Fred Thompson, John Edwards, Barack Obama, and Hillary Clinton. Respondents were then asked a number of questions regarding Rudy Giuliani's positions and policies such as why the Republican party should nominate him as its presidential candidate, whether respondents knew his positions on issues, whether he'd do a better job fighting terrorism, whether he was more conservative compared to other presidential candidates, how well he handled the September 11th attacks on the World Trade Center, and whether the policies of his administration caused crime to decrease or caused race relations to improve. Questions about the war in Iraq included whether the United States was right in taking military action against Iraq, how respondents thought things were going for the United States in Iraq, whether the United States should increase the number of troops in Iraq, what party they thought would be more likely to make the right decisions on the war in Iraq, whether they thought that the war in Iraq was part of the war on terrorism, whether they thought there would be more or less violence in Iraq if the United States troops withdrew, what they thought the biggest accomplishment was in the Iraq War, and how likely they thought it was that another terrorist attack would happen in the United States. Finally, respondents were asked which party they thought had higher ethical standards, whether they were following the news about recent talks between Iran and the United States, and whether they thought Iran was a threat to the United States. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, marital status, education level, household income, military service, religious preference, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, and voter registration status.
Curated

CBS News/New York Times Poll of Southern and Border States, February-March 1988 (ICPSR 9103)

Released/updated on: 2011-07-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1988-02-28--1988-03-02
This survey was conducted in the 15 southern and border states prior to the Super Tuesday primaries on March 8. Respondents were asked if they were registered to vote and what their party primary preference was. If not registered, respondents were asked why and whether they would vote if some particular candidate were currently running. Democrats and Republicans were asked for their opinions of their party's candidates, which candidate(s) they could not vote for should they be nominated by their party, if they saw candidates' television commercials, for whom they intended to vote or whether it was too early to say, which candidate had the best chance of winning, and which candidate cared the most. Democrats were asked whether the candidacy of Jesse Jackson was helping their party. Registered voters gave their opinions about the condition of the national economy, United States military superiority over the Soviet Union, the situation in Central America, whether the federal government was helping blacks enough, and the federal budget deficit. Background information on individuals includes age, marital status, income, religious preference, children, employment status, farm employment, education, race, and union membership.
Curated

CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll, December 2009 (ICPSR 30407)

Released/updated on: 2011-07-08
Time period: 2009-12-01--2009-12-31
This poll, fielded December 4-8, 2009, is a part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicits public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way Barack Obama was handling his job as president, job creation, the economy, the situation in Afghanistan, and health care. Several questions addressed the economy and included questions that asked for respondents' opinions on the condition of the economy, the recession, who they thought was to blame for the current high employment rate in the United States, whether they thought Republicans or Democrats would create new jobs, and whether the government's stimulus package made the economy better or created new jobs. Respondents were asked about their personal financial situation, their rating of their household's financial situation, whether they thought their financial situation was getting better, what worried them the most about their finances, whether they had made cutbacks in their day-to-day spending, how their family had been affected by the recession, and whether they discussed the financial changes with their children. Information was collected on respondents' employment status. Unemployed respondents were asked how long they had been out of work and seeking employment, how long they expected it to take to find employment, whether they were laid off, whether they were offered a severance package with their last employer, what was most effective in finding leads for new jobs, and whether they had relocated, considered changing their career, or pursued job re-training programs to increase their chances of finding employment. Respondents were asked how confident they were that they would find a job with the same income and benefits as their last job, whether they were receiving unemployment benefits, and whether they took any money from their savings account, borrowed money from family or friends, increased the household's credit card debt, cut back on vacations or doctors visits, or received food stamps as result of being unemployed. Respondents were also asked whether the following things occurred as a result of them being unemployed: positive experiences, increase in volunteer work or religious service attendance, increased stress levels or exercise time, threatened with foreclosure, had more arguments with family, emotional or mental health issues, or had trouble sleeping. Other topics covered included global warming, health insurance plans, health care reform, job security, and the war in Afghanistan. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, education level, household income, military service, religious preference, reported social class, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter registration status, and whether respondents thought of themselves as born again Christians.
Curated

CBS News Monthly Poll #2, July 2007 (ICPSR 22582)

Released/updated on: 2011-05-23
Time period: 2007-07-01--2007-07-31
This poll, fielded July 20-22, 2007, is a part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicits public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way George W. Bush was handling his job as president, whether they approved of the way Bush was handling the war in Iraq and the United States campaign again terrorism. Respondents were also asked whether they approved of the way Congress was handling its job, and whether they approved of the way Democrats and Republicans in Congress were handling the war in Iraq. Multiple questions addressed the war in Iraq, including those that asked whether respondents thought it was right for the United States to take military action in Iraq, how they thought things were going for the United States in Iraq, whether the United States was right for removing Saddam Hussein and helping Iraq to build a new government, whether the United States should increase the number of troops in Iraq, and whether the additional troops sent were making the situation better. Respondent's opinions were also collected on whether Congress should block all funding for the war, whether United States involvement in Iraq was creating more terrorists who were planning to attack the United States, how likely another terrorist attack would be in the United States, and respondents' confidence levels in the ability of the United States government to protect its citizens. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, education level, household income, military service, religious preference, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, and voter registration status.
Curated

CBS News/New York Times October Foreign Policy/Congressional Scandal Poll, October 5-7, 1991 (ICPSR 9803)

Released/updated on: 2011-02-28
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1991-10-05--1991-10-07
This survey dealt primarily with foreign policy issues and the congressional check-writing scandal. Respondents were asked whether President George Bush had been spending too much of his time on foreign policy, whether the United States was in decline as a world power, how closely they followed news about foreign policy issues, which part of the world the president should focus his attention on and whether it was important enough to warrant taking attention away from problems at home, whether the United States was more respected in the world than it was ten years ago, if any country posed a serious military threat to the United States, how likely nuclear war was within the next ten years, and which country would be the number one economic power in the world in the next century. The survey also explored other foreign policy issues, including United States-Soviet relations in light of the break-up of the Soviet Union into different republics with separate governments, the war against Iraq, the involvement of the United States in establishing democracy in other countries, federal spending on military and defense programs, the nature of the changes in East-West relations brought about by recent world events, the relevance of a strong United States military and the maintenance of NATO, United States military intervention in trouble spots around the world, the funding and role of the Central Intelligence Agency, the future of nuclear weapons policy involving the United States and Soviet Union, circumstances under which the United States should give economic aid to the Soviet Union, the number of American troops stationed in Europe, United States relations with China, Israeli settlements on the West Bank, and the influence of Israel and Saudi Arabia on United States foreign policy. Respondents were also asked about the amount of attention they had given to the news of United States representatives writing bad checks, whether they thought the bad checks were written deliberately or by mistake, whether the congressional representative from the respondent's own district had knowingly written bad checks, if the respondent would vote for someone else if his/her congressman had knowingly written bad checks or had been slow in paying large bills at the congressional restaurant, and whether respondents considered the various free services received by members of Congress to be mostly unjustifiable privileges.
Curated

CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll, November 1989 (ICPSR 9495)

Released/updated on: 2011-01-06
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1989-11-26--1989-11-28
This data collection is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that evaluate the Bush presidency and solicit opinions on a variety of political and social issues. Topics covered include opinions of Mikhail Gorbachev, Lech Walesa, and Dan Quayle, United States relations with the Soviet Union and leader Mikhail Gorbachev, the status of the cold war, whether the United States was superior to the Soviet Union in military strength, the intent behind the upcoming summit meeting between Bush and Gorbachev, the possibility of nuclear war, proposed reductions in military spending, troop levels in Western Europe, and German reunification. Additionally, respondents were questioned regarding the drug problem, abortion, aid to Eastern Europe, American investment in Eastern Europe, trade relations with Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union's attitude toward changes in Eastern Europe, the probability of future Soviet control of Eastern Europe, and the future of communism in the Soviet Union, China, and Eastern Europe. Demographic information collected includes sex, age, race, education, family income, religion, ethnicity, political orientation, party preference, voting behavior, and Soviet/ Eastern European ancestry and travel.
Curated

CBS News Monthly Poll #1, February 1998 (ICPSR 2458)

Released/updated on: 2011-01-04
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1998-02-01--1998-02-28
This poll, conducted February 1, 1998, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President Bill Clinton, his moral values, his handling of the situation with Iraq, and his handling of the recent allegations concerning a sexual affair and obstruction of justice involving former White House intern Monica Lewinsky. Opinions were also sought regarding the United States Congress, First Lady Hillary Clinton, independent counsel Kenneth Starr, and Lewinsky. A series of questions addressed the sexual harassment charges brought by former Arkansas state employee Paula Jones against then-Arkansas Governor Clinton. Respondents were asked whether these allegations would interfere with Clinton's ability to govern, who was to blame for the creation of these situations, media coverage of the Jones and Lewinsky stories, Starr's investigation, and whether Clinton should resign if he is not impeached. Other items probed for respondents' views on the death penalty, specifically women and the death penalty, Texas death row inmate Karla Faye Tucker, and whether sentences should be reduced in situations where the prisoner has been rehabilitated. Additional questions focused on the use of United States military force to make Iraq comply with United Nations guidelines. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, education, political party affiliation, political philosophy, marital status, religious preference, voter registration and participation history, household income, and presence of children in the household.
Curated

Soft Power in Asia Survey, 2008 (ICPSR 25342)

Released/updated on: 2010-04-05
Geographic coverage: South Korea, United States, Asia, Japan, China (Peoples Republic), Global, Indonesia, Vietnam (Socialist Republic)
Time period: 2008-01-16--2008-03-08
This multicountry public opinion survey, conducted by the Chicago Council on Global Affairs in collaboration with the East Asia Institute (South Korea), examines the current and potential use of soft power in East Asia. This survey aimed to refine the concept of soft power, operationalize it into a measurable scientific variable, and contribute to the building of a database on soft power in Asia. For this survey, respondents were asked to examine topics such as the attractiveness of different national cultures and values, the effectiveness of nations as regional leaders and problem-solvers, the affinity of nations as trade partners, levels of human capital, attractiveness of educational institutions, and the emergence of regional identities. Participants also gave their opinions about the growing economic and political integration in East Asia and the impact this has on underlying regional tensions, including how likely there would be a military conflict in East Asia in the next ten years. Similarly, respondents answered queries regarding the economic, military, and political influence of China, Japan, and the United States in Southeast Asia, China and the United States as military threats to each other, China's rise as a leader in Asia, and the military presence of the United States in Asia. Further questions asked about the creation of a free trade area in China, Japan and South Korea, trade and investment among these nations, preferred economic systems, countries' willingness to promote democracy and human rights internationally, the use of diplomacy, and the respect for rule of law and sovereignty of other nations. Finally, participants gave their views on the leadership of international organizations, and the influence of one country's popular culture on another.
Curated

CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll, January 2009 (ICPSR 26942)

Released/updated on: 2010-03-02
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2008-01-01--2008-01-31
This special topic poll is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicits public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. In this poll, fielded January 11-15, 2009, respondents were asked whether they approved of the way George W. Bush handled his job as president, the situation with Iraq, the campaign against terrorism, and the economy during his eight years in office. Respondents were asked their opinions about Barack Obama, their predictions about what kind of president he was going to be, how confident respondents were in his abilities to make the right decisions about the economy and things relating to the war in Iraq, and whether respondents thought Obama was going to create new jobs, cut taxes, and improve the economy during his term as president. Several questions addressed Obama's Cabinet selections and whether his administration would make progress in providing affordable health care, ending the war in Iraq, and fixing the nation's economy. Respondents were also asked their opinions of Joe Biden, Michelle Obama, and Dick Cheney. Information about respondents' personal financial situation was also collected including the biggest financial concern facing them, how respondents rated their own financial state, how concerned they were about paying their housing costs, how much the decline in home values had affected them, whether their household income was enough to meet their bills and obligations, whether they felt secure about their household's financial future, whether they would be able to make payments on a large purchase, whether they have had to postpone making a major purchase due to the economy, and whether any long term plans have changed for them and their families as a result of the economy. Respondents were also polled on whether the country was going in the right direction, whether the condition of the economy was good, what they thought was the most important problem facing the country, and how they viewed the country compared to five years previously and five years into the future. Additional topics addressed stock market investments, job security, whether homosexuals should serve in the military, the economics stimulus package, the United States military prison in Guantanamo Bay, whether the United States should increase the number of troops in Iraq and Afghanistan, the legalization of marijuana, whether American or foreign automakers produced better quality vehicles, whether the federal government should provide national health insurance, whether there were more advantages to being a man or a woman in society, and whether respondents approved of premarital sex and homosexual relations. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, education level, marital status, household income, political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter registration status and participation history, employment status, perceived social class, whether there were children under the age of 18 living with the respondent, whether respondents owned their home, religious preference, and whether respondents considered themselves to be a born-again Christian.
Curated

ABC News/Washington Post Poll, October 2007 (ICPSR 24592)

Released/updated on: 2009-07-09
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2007-10-01--2007-10-31
This poll, fielded October 29 through November 1, 2007, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. A national sample of 1,131 adults was surveyed, including an oversample of African Americans, for a total of 203 African Americans respondents. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way George W. Bush was handling his job as president, and whether they approved of the way the Congress was doing its job, whether they approved of the way the Republicans in Congress and the Democrats in Congress were doing their jobs, and who respondents wanted to see in control of Congress after the next congressional election. Opinions were sought on whether things in this country were on the right track, and who could be trusted more, the Democrats or the Republicans, to do a better job handling the situation in Iraq, health care, the United States campaign on terrorism, the economy, taxes, and immigration issues. Several questions were asked about the war in Iraq, including whether the war was worth fighting, whether the United States was making progress in restoring civil order in Iraq, whether the number of military forces should be increased, and whether United States forces in Iraq should be withdrawn immediately. Respondents were also asked how closely they were following the 2008 presidential race, for whom they would vote if the 2008 presidential primary were held that day, their opinion of the candidates, who they thought was best able to handle various situations facing the country, and their opinion of the most important issue in their choice for president. Additional topics covered whether the respondent was a feminist, whether smaller or larger governments were favored, whether homosexual couples should be allowed to form recognized civil unions, whether giving illegal immigrants the right to legally live in the United States was supported, whether abortion should be legal, and opinions about the nation's economy and a possible recession. Demographic information includes voter registration status and participation history, sex, age, race, income, marital status, religious preference, religious service attendance, education level, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political philosophy, and political party affiliation.
Curated

ABC News/Washington Post Poll, September 2007 (ICPSR 24591)

Released/updated on: 2009-07-06
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2007-09-01--2007-09-30
This poll, fielded September 27-30, 2007, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the current presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. A national sample of 1,114 adults was surveyed, including an oversample of African Americans, for a total of 212 African Americans respondents. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way George W. Bush was handling his job as president, and whether they approved of the way he was handling of the situation in Iraq, health care, the federal budget deficit, the economy, and the United States campaign against terrorism. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way the Republicans in Congress and the Democrats in Congress were doing their jobs. Opinions were sought on the amount that Congress had accomplished that year, and whether Democrats or Republicans in Congress could be trusted more to do a better job handling the situation in Iraq, health care, the United States campaign on terrorism, the economy, and the federal budget deficit. Several questions were asked about the war in Iraq, including whether the war in Iraq was worth fighting, whether the United States should keep military forces in Iraq until civil order is restored, whether an increase in United States forces in Iraq made the situation there better, whether the pace of troop reduction in Iraq should be increased, and whether a funding request for the war should be approved by Congress. Respondents were also asked how closely they were following the 2008 presidential race, for whom they would vote if the 2008 presidential primary were held that day, their opinion of the candidates, and whether they would vote for specific candidates if they won their party's nomination. Several questions also addressed Hillary Clinton including whether her views on issues were too liberal, whether she would take the presidency in a different direction than her husband if elected, whether her campaign was engaging in improper fund raising, and whether respondents felt comfortable with the idea of Bill Clinton as a first gentleman. Other topics included whether the respondent considered her or himself to be a feminist, quality of health care, health care costs, whether the cigarette tax should be increased to support federal spending on children's health insurance, and whether respondents approved of the way Bill Clinton handled his job as president while in office. Demographic information includes voter registration status and participation history, sex, age, race, income, marital status, religious preference, religious service attendance, education level, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political philosophy, political party affiliation, and whether the respondent or anyone in the home was a military veteran.
Curated

Attitudes Toward Foreign Policy in Osaka and Izumo, Japan, 1957 (ICPSR 7071)

Released/updated on: 2009-06-19
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 1957-01-01--1957-12-31
This study was conducted in 1957 in the cities of Osaka and Izumo, Japan. The respondents' opinions of Japan's national security were explored through questions eliciting views on the strength of and the need for security defense forces, Japan's rearmament, and the possible revision of the Japanese constitution to establish an army, navy, and air force. Japanese foreign policy was investigated, primarily with respect to relations with the United States, Korea, and China. Questions about United States-Japanese relations focused on the presence of United States military bases in Japan and on the return of Okinawa to Japan. Recognition of Communist China was another topic probed in the study, as was the Japanese government's policy toward the Republic of Korea. The survey also investigated respondents' political behavior and attitudes, including voting behavior, party support, and political efficacy. Demographic data include age, sex, education, and occupation.
Curated

ABC News/Washington Post Labor Day Poll, September 2007 (ICPSR 24590)

Released/updated on: 2009-06-04
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2007-09-01--2007-09-30
This poll, fielded September 4-7, 2007, is a part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way George W. Bush was handling his job as president, whether they approved of the way he was handling the situation in Iraq, and whether they approved of his handling of the United States campaign against terrorism. Respondent's opinions were solicited on whether they trusted the Democrats or the Republicans to do a better job in handling the war in Iraq and the campaign against terrorism. Respondents were asked for their opinions on multiple issues associated with the war in Iraq such as whether the war was worth fighting, whether respondents thought the United States would win or lose the war, how confident respondents were in the Iraqi government to fulfill their commitment to restore civil order in Iraq, whether the war had contributed to the security of the United States, and whether the United States had made progress toward restoring civil order in Iraq. Questions about the United States military force focused on whether respondents thought the increase in United States forces improved the situation in Iraq and Iraq's security situation within a few months, whether military forces should be further increased or decreased in Iraq, and whether withdrawing from Iraq would do more to increase the risk of a terrorist attack occurring in the United States. Additional questions addressed whether respondents were satisfied with the choice of candidates for the 2008 presidential election and for whom they were going to vote, General David Petraeus' progress report on the war in Iraq, respondent's confidence in the ability of the government to prevent further terrorist attacks against Americans, whether the war on terrorism could be a success without the United States winning the war, and whether the country was safer at the time of this poll versus September 11, 2001. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, education level, household income, military service, religious preference, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, and voter registration status.
Curated

CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll #2, July 2000 (ICPSR 3121)

Released/updated on: 2009-04-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2000-07-01--2000-07-31
This poll, conducted July 20-23, 2000, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President Bill Clinton and his handling of the presidency, foreign policy, and the economy, as well as their views on the way Congress was handling its job. Those polled expressed their interest in and opinions about the 2000 presidential election, their readiness to vote in the upcoming election, and their level of support for both candidates, Vice President Al Gore and Texas governor George W. Bush. Respondents were also asked whether on the day of the survey they would vote for Al Gore or George W. Bush. They then answered the same question once more, this time choosing among four candidates: Al Gore (Democratic Party candidate), George W. Bush (Republican Party candidate), Pat Buchanan (Reform Party candidate), and Ralph Nader (Green Party candidate). Opinions of the four candidates and their respective parties were also elicited. Additional questions probed respondents' participation and candidate selection in the 1996 presidential election and in the 1998 House of Representatives election. Respondents answered another set of questions comparing Al Gore and George W. Bush as presidential candidates in terms of their qualities of leadership, their understanding of the complex problems a president has to deal with (especially international problems), whether they could be trusted to keep their word as president, whether they shared the same moral values as most Americans, whether they said what they believed or what people wanted to hear, and whether they cared about people like the respondent. Other questions examined respondents' opinions about both candidates' views on the following subjects: the economy, abortion, taxes, the environment, and health care. Those polled also expressed their views about whether the Democratic Party or the Republican Party was more likely to ensure a strong economy, make sure that the tax system was fair, make sure United States military defenses were strong, make the right decisions about Social Security, improve the education and health care systems, and protect the environment. Respondents also indicated which party was better at upholding traditional family values, which party cared more about people like the respondent, what the most important problems for the government in the coming year were, and what their views were on abortion. Background information on respondents includes age, gender, race/ethnic identity, education, religion, voter registration and participation history, political party affiliation, political orientation, marital status, age of children in the household, and income.
Curated

Eurobarometer 54.1: Building Europe and the European Union, The European Parliament, Public Safety, and Defense Policy, November- December 2000 (ICPSR 3209)

Released/updated on: 2008-08-14
Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Norway, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany
Time period: 2000-11-14--2000-12-19
This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, and how they viewed the need for societal change. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the European Union (EU), including how well informed they felt about the EU, what sources of information about the EU they used, whether their country had benefited from being an EU member, and the extent of their personal interest in EU matters. The survey also elicited respondents' opinions about the European Parliament and other EU institutions. Those queried were asked how many European Parliament elections they voted in and if they were going to vote in the next one, how much impact the European Parliament had on their everyday lives, whether the European Parliament protected their interests, and which areas it should concentrate on in order to defend respondents' interests. Another set of questions, which focused on public safety, asked whether respondents felt safe in their neighborhoods, whether over the last year they had been attacked or seriously threatened and if so whether they reported it to the police, how often they personally encountered drug-related problems in their neighborhoods, whether somebody had ever broken into or tried to break into their homes, and if so, whether they subsequently took any protective measures. The survey also queried respondents about defense policy issues. Respondents were asked about the role of a European army, whether the EU should have a common defense and security policy, who should make decisions concerning defense in Europe, how this decision should be made within the EU, whether the European army should replace national armies, and what they thought about the EU swift intervention force of 60,000 men. Another focus of the survey was EU enlargement. Respondents were asked about measures that should be taken by the EU before enlargement, potential effects of this process, whether they were for or against enlargement, fears connected with building the EU, what countries they would be in favor of or against becoming new members, what criteria were important in deciding whether a country should join the EU, and whether after enlargement the EU decisions should be made unanimously or by majority. Additional questions queried respondents about the euro, the EU's budget spending, priorities for the EU initiatives, areas in which decisions should be made by national governments and jointly with the EU, a common foreign policy toward countries outside the EU, national versus pan-European pride, satisfaction with democracy, expectations for 2001, and level of trust in different institutions. Respondents were also asked how often they watched news on TV, read news in daily papers, and listened to the news on the radio. They also expressed their opinions on the amount and quality of coverage given to the EU on TV, in newspapers, and on the radio. Standard demographic information collected includes age, gender, occupation, nationality, marital status, political orientation, vote intention, age at completion of education, number of people in household, number of children under 15 in household, household income, size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (for select countries).
Curated

Public Opinion and Foreign Policy in the United States, China, India, Australia, and South Korea, 2006 (ICPSR 4650)

Released/updated on: 2008-07-18
Geographic coverage: South Korea, United States, China (Peoples Republic), Australia, Global, India
Time period: 2006-01-01--2006-12-31

The Chicago Council undertakes a large-scale public opinion study every two years that compares American and international public opinion on a wide range of important international issues. A significant part of each biennial survey is additionally dedicated to examining a timely theme. The theme of the 2006 survey was, "The Rise of China and India."

This data collection presents a unique comparison of international attitudes on how the emergence of China and India as economic dynamos and claimants to great power status will affect the global economy, international security, and politics. Moreover, this study sought to assess American public opinion (Part 1, Public Opinion Survey, United States) on a variety of challenges facing the United States today including international terrorism, nuclear proliferation, conflict in the Middle East, the rising economic and political power of Asia, economic competition from abroad, and threats to energy supplies and the environment. This data collection also provides an understanding of how the Chinese (Part 2, Public Opinion Survey, China) and Indian (Part 3, Public Opinion Survey, India) publics view their nations' international challenges and opportunities and their respective roles as emerging great powers. Parallel surveys were also conducted in Australia (Part 4, Public Opinion Survey, Australia) in conjunction with the Lowy Institute for International Policy, and in South Korea (Part 5, Public Opinion Survey, South Korea) in conjunction with the East Asia Institute.

Demographic variables include race, age, gender, religious affiliation, highest level of education, and political identification.

Curated

ABC News/Washington Post Poll, November 1985 (ICPSR 8593)

Released/updated on: 2008-05-14
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1985-11-01--1985-11-30
In this survey respondents were asked for their opinions on Reagan's performance as president, arms control, United States and Soviet military power, the buildup of nuclear weapons, and the possibility of nuclear war. Other topics covered included the upcoming summit meeting between Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev, the seriousness with which each leader was seeking progress in arms control, and space-based weapons or "Star Wars." Demographic data on respondents also were recorded.
Curated

CBS News/New York Times Tokyo Broadcasting System Poll, February 1989 (ICPSR 4499)

Released/updated on: 2008-03-28
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1989-02-01--1989-02-28
This poll, fielded February 18-19, 1989, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President George Bush and his handling of the presidency and foreign policy. The main focus of this data collection was on United States-Japan relations and public attitude toward these relations. Respondents were asked to describe the relationship between United States and Japan, how they viewed the future of the United States-Japan trade, and what they considered the role of world powers might be in this arrangement. Respondents were also asked for their views on the 1942 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the state of the American society before and after World War II, Japan's military power, as well as their overall feeling toward the Japanese and Japanese companies based in the United States. The survey also included questions concerning the trial of Oliver North in the Iran Contra affair. Background information on respondents includes age, race, sex, education, religion, political party, political orientation, marital status, voter registration and participation history, Hispanic descent, and family income.
Curated

ABC News START Talks Poll, January 1985 (ICPSR 8556)

Released/updated on: 2007-09-20
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1985-01-01--1985-01-31
This survey was conducted just prior to Secretary of State George Shultz's meeting with Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko in Geneva to discuss arms control. Respondents were asked if they approved of Ronald Reagan's handling of foreign affairs and relations with the Soviet Union in particular, if they felt the United States or the Soviet Union was ahead in military power, and if the United States should strive for military superiority. They also were asked whether they approved of the United States' entering into a new round of arms control talks, how they would rate the chances of success of the talks, and whether they felt the Soviet Union would cheat on an agreement if one were reached. In addition, respondents were queried for their opinions on the new defensive weapons that use lasers to shoot down enemy missiles and the impact of this technology on the arms race.
Curated

ABC News Japan Poll, March 1990 (ICPSR 9455)

Released/updated on: 2007-07-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1990-03-13--1990-03-15
This survey focuses on the United States' relationship with Japan. Respondents were asked if they had favorable or unfavorable impressions of the Soviet Union, China, Japan, and West Germany, if they thought the Japanese/Germans were as friendly, efficient, creative, arrogant, intelligent, or regimented as other people, if Japanese/Germans were more difficult for Americans to deal with than most other types of people, if the relationship between the United States and Japan was good, and how they rated the impact of Japanese investment on the United States. In addition, respondents were asked if drugs or the trade deficit with Japan was the bigger problem, what the causes of the trade deficit were, if Japanese trade officers were negotiating in good faith, if United States negotiators needed to take a tougher line, and how they rated the effectiveness of various means of improving the trading situation. Other topics covered include Japanese economic power and Soviet military power as threats to the United States, anti-Japanese feelings in America, whether personal or family life was affected by Japanese activities in the United States, and whether Japan was trying to dominate the world. Background information on respondents includes education, age, social class, employment status, race, sex, income, and state/region of residence.
Curated
Partially restricted

Youth Attitude Tracking Study (YATS) [United States], Fall 1994 (ICPSR 6659)

Released/updated on: 2007-04-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1994-09-12--1994-11-16
This round of the Youth Attitude Tracking Survey, a series of surveys begun in 1975, investigated youth attitudes towards military enlistment and their perceptions of the military and recruitment marketing activities. The survey also elicited opinions on government and public affairs issues: whether the United States ought to have much more military power than any other nation in the world, whether women should be required to register for the draft, and whether the United States should go to war to defend its own economic interests, protect the rights of United States citizens, or protect the rights of other countries. The survey explored the respondents' plans for the future, including plans for college and interest in participating in either the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) or military training after college. In addition, the survey explored the respondents' media habits. Other information collected by the survey includes age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, current school enrollment status, highest grade completed, type of school and diploma, grades usually received in high school, participation in the junior ROTC in high school, whether the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery test (ASVAB) was taken, current employment status, and parents' education.
Curated
Partially restricted

Youth Attitude Tracking Study (YATS) [United States], Fall 1993 (ICPSR 6660)

Released/updated on: 2007-04-23
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1993-09-13--1993-11-24
This round of the Youth Attitude Tracking Survey, a series of surveys begun in 1975, investigated youth attitudes towards military enlistment and their perceptions of the military and recruitment marketing activities. In addition, the survey elicited opinions on government and public affairs issues: whether the United States ought to have much more military power than any other nation in the world, whether the United States should go to war to protect its own economic interests or the rights of other countries, whether the United States military should intervene in Bosnia or be involved in peace-keeping missions like the one in Somalia or potentially in Haiti, and whether women should be required to register for the draft or be allowed to volunteer for combat assignments. Respondents were asked if they had taken the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery test (ASVAB), and those attending or planning to attend college were questioned about their interest in participating in the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) or military training after college. Other information collected by the survey includes age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, current school enrollment status, highest grade completed, type of school and diploma, grades usually received in high school, plans for college, interest in pursuing certain occupations, current employment status, and parents' education.
Curated
Partially restricted

Youth Attitude Tracking Study (YATS) [United States], Fall 1992 (ICPSR 6239)

Released/updated on: 2007-03-14
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1992-09-18--1992-11-25
This round of the Youth Attitude Tracking Survey, a series of surveys begun in 1975, investigated youth attitudes towards military enlistment and their perceptions of the military and recruitment marketing activities. In addition, the survey gauged opinions on government and public affairs issues: whether the United States ought to have much more military power than any other nation in the world, whether women in the military should be allowed to volunteer for combat assignments, whether women should be required to register for the draft, and whether the United States should go to war to protect its own economic interests or the rights of other countries. Respondents were queried about their current school enrollment status, highest grade completed, type of school and diploma, grades usually received in high school, plans for college, and interest in pursuing certain occupations. Respondents attending or planning to attend college were questioned about their interest in participating in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) and officer training after college. Other questions asked about current and past employment status, reasons for working, satisfaction with current job, and the employment situation in the respondent's community. Additional background information gathered by the survey includes age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and parents' education.
Curated
Partially restricted

Youth Attitude Tracking Study (YATS) [United States], Fall 1991 (ICPSR 6238)

Released/updated on: 2007-03-09
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1991-10-05--1991-11-27
This round of the Youth Attitude Tracking Survey, a series of surveys begun in 1975, investigated youth attitudes towards military enlistment and their perceptions of the military and recruitment marketing activities. In addition, the survey gauged opinions on government and public affairs issues: whether the United States ought to have much more military power than any other nation in the world, whether women in the military should be allowed to volunteer for combat assignments, whether women should be required to register for the draft, and whether the United States should go to war to protect its own economic interests or the rights of other countries. Respondents were queried about current school enrollment status and education level, highest grade completed, type of school and diploma, and plans for college and financing a college education. Other questions asked about current and past employment status, reasons for working, satisfaction with current job, and the employment situation in the respondent's community. Additional background information gathered by the survey includes age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, type of housing, household composition, and parents' education.
Curated

ABC News/Washington Post Poll, January 1990 (ICPSR 9436)

Released/updated on: 2006-11-28
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1990-01-11--1990-01-16
This data collection is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that evaluate the Bush presidency and solicit opinions on a variety of political and social issues. Respondents were asked to name the two most important problems facing the country, if they approved of the way George Bush was handling the nation's economy, the environment, the illegal drug problem, and foreign affairs, and if they trusted federal, state, and local governments to do what was right. Respondents also were questioned as to which political party they trusted to do a better job handling a variety of political, economic, and social problems, if they thought things would get better in the next ten years, and how they would rate the military and economic power of the United States vis-a-vis Japan and the Soviet Union over the past 20 years. Other topics covered include the United States military action in Panama, Manuel Noriega, the illegal drug problem, and respondents' satisfaction with careers, marriage, children, and cultural life. Background information on respondents includes political alignment, 1988 presidential vote choice, education, age, religion, social class, marital status, household composition, labor union membership, employment status, race, sex, income, and state/region of residence.
Curated

Sino-Soviet Interaction: Project Triad, 1950-1967 (ICPSR 5016)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: China (Peoples Republic), Global, Soviet Union
Time period: 1950-01-01--1967-12-31
This study consists of an aggregate attributes data file and a perception-interaction data file on the Soviet Union and China in the period 1950-1967. The study was part of a project concerned with the Sino-Soviet conflict and its implications for United States' strategic planning in the 1970s. The aggregate attributes data file (Part 1) contains two subsets: (1) measures of economic, demographic, military, and diplomatic national attributes of the Soviet Union and China in the period 1950-1967, and (2) trade of and visits by leaders of the Soviet Union and China with 17 less developed nations in the period 1959-1967. The perception-interaction data file (Part 2) also consists of two subsets: (1) a perception dataset, which contains information obtained by computer content analyses of selected official statements and newspaper contents utilizing Inquirer II, and (2) an interaction dataset that measures Sino-Soviet diplomatic, communications, and trade interactions with each other in the period 1950-1967. Items in the perception subset dataset include the perceptions of the Soviet Union and China of each other and of the United States coded as strong, weak, active, passive, negative, and threatening. Each of these perceptions is presented in the original and weighted forms.
Curated

World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1966-1975 (ICPSR 7553)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: Benin, Angola, Cambodia, Sudan, England, Paraguay, Portugal, Syria, North Korea, Greece, Mongolia, Morocco, Iran, Mali, Panama, Guatemala, Guyana, Iraq, Chile, Laos, Nepal, Argentina, Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana, Bahrain, India, Canada, Guinea-Bissau, Turkey, Belgium, Taiwan, Finland, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Germany, Yemen, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), Fiji, United States, Guinea, China (Peoples Republic), Chad, Somalia, Madagascar, Ivory Coast, Thailand, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Costa Rica, Sweden, Malawi, Poland, Kuwait, Jordan, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Switzerland, Spain, Lebanon, Liberia, Cuba, Venezuela, Czech Republic, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Swaziland, Israel, Australia, Soviet Union, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Malaysia, Iceland, Global, Oman, Gabon, South Korea, Great Britain, Austria, Yugoslavia, Mozambique, El Salvador, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Lesotho, Ecuador, Colombia, Hungary, Japan, Mauritius, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Italy, Honduras, Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Singapore, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Malta, Saudi Arabia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Gambia, Ireland, Qatar, France, Romania, Togo, Niger, Philippines, Rwanda, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Barbados, Norway, Botswana, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Suriname, Indonesia
Time period: 1966-01-01--1975-12-31
This two-part data collection comprises information for military expenditures and transfer of armaments for 142 countries in the period 1966-1975. Part 1 consists of time series data that provide information for national military expenditures, including the yearly value of weapons exports and imports per capita, per soldier, and as a percentage of the gross national product (GNP), as well as the population per million. The country and the year form one unit, so that each country appears ten times. Part 2 data provide additional information about the current values of the total arms exported by each major supplier and the total arms transferred in the period 1964-1974 by the United States, France, United Kingdom, Canada, Poland, China, West Germany, the Soviet Union, and Czechoslovakia.
Curated

World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1967-1976 (ICPSR 7713)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: Benin, Papua New Guinea, Angola, Cambodia, Sudan, Paraguay, Portugal, Syria, North Korea, Greece, Mongolia, Morocco, Iran, Mali, Panama, Guatemala, Guyana, Czechoslovakia, Iraq, Chile, Laos, Nepal, Argentina, Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana, Bahrain, India, Canada, Guinea-Bissau, Turkey, Belgium, Taiwan, Finland, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Germany, Yemen, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), Fiji, United States, Guinea, China (Peoples Republic), Chad, Somalia, Sao Tome and Principe, Madagascar, Ivory Coast, Thailand, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Costa Rica, Sweden, Malawi, Poland, Kuwait, Jordan, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Switzerland, Spain, Lebanon, Liberia, Cuba, Venezuela, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Swaziland, Israel, Australia, Soviet Union, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Malaysia, Iceland, Global, Oman, Gabon, South Korea, Great Britain, Austria, Yugoslavia, Mozambique, El Salvador, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Lesotho, Ecuador, Colombia, Hungary, Japan, Mauritius, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Italy, Honduras, Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Singapore, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Malta, Saudi Arabia, Cape Verde, Netherlands, Pakistan, Gambia, Ireland, Qatar, France, Romania, Togo, Niger, Philippines, Rwanda, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Barbados, Norway, Democratic Republic of Congo, Botswana, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Suriname, Indonesia
Time period: 1967-01-01--1976-12-31
This data collection contains two files of world military expenditures and arms trade data for 145 countries in the period 1967-1976. Part 1 data consist of a yearly series of data for population and national military expenditures, including the value of weapons exports and imports. The country and the year form the unit of analysis, so that each country appears ten times, once for each year. Data are provided in millions of United States current and constant dollars for the total arms imports and exports, as well as for the total imports and exports of goods and services. Various socioeconomic data are presented to provide a comparative background for the series. Data are provided in millions of United States current and constant dollars for the gross national product (GNP), and for military expenditures, central government expenditures, public health expenditures, and public education expenditures as a percentage of the gross national product. Additional variables provide information on the number of armed forces personnel, teachers, and physicians per 1,000 people. Part 2 data consist of information on the total transactions in the transfer of armaments. Data are provided for the total value of arms imported by each country from individual major arms suppliers, which include the United States, United Kingdom, France, Canada, China, Poland, West Germany, and Czechoslovakia.
Curated

World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1983-1993 (ICPSR 6516)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: South America, Central America, Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, Global, Latin America
Time period: 1983-01-01--1993-12-31
This data collection, which focuses on military spending and arms transfers, supplies information on 166 developed and developing countries of the world. Data are provided in four tables. Table I (Part 1) consists of military expenditures, armed forces, Gross National Product, central government expenditures, and population by region, organization, and country for 1983-1993. Table II (Part 2) includes arms transfer deliveries and total trade by region, organization, and country for 1983-1993. Table III (Part 3) provides cumulative information for 1991-1993 on arms transfer deliveries by major supplier and recipient country. Table IV (Part 4) contains arms transfer deliveries and agreements for 1983-1993 by supplier and recipient region.
Curated

Escalation of Great Power Disputes: Deterrence Versus Structural Realism, 1816-1984 (ICPSR 6355)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: Great Britain, Hungary, United States, Japan, China (Peoples Republic), Italy, France, Germany, Global, Soviet Union
Time period: 1816-01-01--1984-12-31
The purpose of this study was to test the relative explanatory power of two theoretical approaches--deterrence theory and structural realism--in predicting dispute escalation among "Great Powers" from 1816 to 1984. The Great Powers during this time period are identified as Great Britain, France, Russia/Soviet Union, Austria-Hungary, Prussia/Germany, Italy, the United States, Japan, and China. A Great Power deterrence encounter is defined as the explicit verbal threat of force or the movement and buildup of military forces in preparation for armed conflict by a challenging Great Power and a counterthreat by the defending Great Power. Variables measure dispute escalation, system uncertainty, risk propensity, balance of conventional military capabilities of challenger and defender, defender's possession of second-strike nuclear capability, interests at stake for challenger and defender, past behavior of challenger and defender, and current dispute involvement of challenger and defender. Part 2, Deterrence Variables Data, contains the complete set of variables, and Part 1, Deterrence Final Equation Data, is a subset of Part 2.
Curated

Initiation of Militarized Disputes Among Great Power Rivals, 1816-1975 (ICPSR 6356)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 1816-01-01--1975-12-31
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between system structure and the initiation of militarized disputes among "Great Power" rivals from 1816 to 1975. The Great Powers during this time period are identified as Great Britain, France, Russia/Soviet Union, Austria-Hungary, Prussia/Germany, Italy, the United States, Japan, and China. In a Great Power rivalry, there are periodic military and diplomatic challenges to the status quo disputed by one or both of the powers. The central hypothesis of this study concerns the interaction between system uncertainty and the risk propensity of national decision-makers. Variables measure dispute initiation, system uncertainty, risk propensity, balance of military capabilities, arms races, preventive motive, power transition, rival's possession of second-strike nuclear capability, rival's past behavior, and current dispute involvement of challenger and rival. Risk attitudes are measured using Kahneman and Tversky Prospect Theory findings. Part 2, Initiation Variables Data, contains the complete set of variables, and Part 1, Initiation Final Equation Data, is a subset of Part 2.
Curated

World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1973-1983 (ICPSR 8532)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: South America, Central America, Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, Global, Latin America
Time period: 1973-01-01--1983-12-31
This data collection, which focuses on military spending and arms transfers, supplies information on 145 developed and developing countries of the world. The first file contains background data for each country, including items such as region, sub-region, alliances (OPEC, NATO, and Warsaw Pact), and OECD and World Bank membership. The second file tabulates annual military expenditures, GNP, central government expenditures, arms imports and exports, and total imports and exports in current and constant dollars for each country from 1973 to 1983. Additional variables detail total population, number of armed forces personnel, number of armed forces personnel per 1000 people, GNP in constant dollars per capita, and military expenditures in constant dollars per capita.
Curated

Correlates of War Project: International and Civil War Data, 1816-1992 (ICPSR 9905)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 1816-01-01--1992-12-31
This data collection describes international and civil wars for the years 1816-1992. Part 1, the International Wars file, describes the experience of each interstate member in each war. The unit of analysis is the participant in a particular conflict. When and where each interstate member fought is coded, along with battle and total deaths, pre-war population and armed forces, and whether the member in question initiated the conflict. Each war is characterized as interstate, colonial, or imperial, and major power status and/or central system membership of the warring parties is noted. Part 2, the Civil Wars file, describes when and where fighting took place, whether the war was fought within the boundaries of a major power or central system member, whether there was outside intervention and, if so, whether the intervening state was a major power, on what side they intervened, who won the war, number of battle deaths, total population, and total number of pre-war armed forces.
Curated

World Military Expenditure Time Series, 1961-1970 (ICPSR 5031)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: South America, Central America, Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, Global, Latin America
This study includes data for 8 variables--military expenditure, population, GNP, armed forces, military expenditure/GNP, foreign aid given and received, and public health expenditure--by year, 1961-1970 for some 120 nations.
Curated

World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1979-1989 (ICPSR 6065)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: South America, Central America, Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, Global, Latin America
Time period: 1979-01-01--1989-12-31
This data collection, which focuses on military spending and arms transfers, supplies information on 144 developed and developing countries of the world. Data are provided in five tables. Table I (Part 1) consists of military expenditures, armed forces, Gross National Product, central government expenditures, and population by region, organization, and country for 1979-1989. Table II (Part 2) includes arms transfer deliveries and total trade by region, organization, and country for 1979-1989. Table III (Part 3) provides cumulative information for 1985-1989 on arms transfer deliveries by major supplier and recipient country. Table IV (Part 4) contains arms transfer deliveries and agreements for 1979-1989 by supplier and recipient region. Table V (Part 5) supplies cumulative information for 1985-1989 on number of arms delivered by selected supplier, recipient developing region, and major weapon type.
Curated

World Military Expenditures and Arms Trade, 1963-l973, and Cumulative Arms Trade, 1964-1973 (ICPSR 7454)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: Benin, Cambodia, Sudan, Paraguay, Portugal, Syria, North Korea, Greece, Mongolia, Morocco, Iran, Mali, Panama, Guatemala, Guyana, Iraq, Chile, Laos, Nepal, Argentina, Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana, Bahrain, India, Canada, Turkey, Belgium, Taiwan, Finland, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Germany, Yemen, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), United States, Guinea, China (Peoples Republic), Chad, Somalia, Madagascar, Ivory Coast, Thailand, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Costa Rica, Sweden, Malawi, Poland, Kuwait, Jordan, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Switzerland, Spain, Lebanon, Liberia, Cuba, Venezuela, Czech Republic, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Swaziland, Israel, Australia, Soviet Union, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Malaysia, Iceland, Global, Oman, Gabon, South Korea, Great Britain, Austria, Yugoslavia, El Salvador, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Lesotho, Ecuador, Colombia, Hungary, Japan, Mauritius, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Italy, Honduras, Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Singapore, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Russia, Malta, Saudi Arabia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Gambia, Ireland, Qatar, France, Romania, Togo, Niger, Philippines, Rwanda, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Norway, Democratic Republic of Congo, Botswana, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Indonesia
Time period: 1963-01-01--1973-12-31
This data collection contains two files of world military expenditures and arms trade data for the period 1964-1973. Part 1 is an extension of WORLD MILITARY EXPENDITURES TIME SERIES, 1961-1970 (ICPSR 5031), for the period 1963-1973. In this file, data are provided for military expenditures, gross national product (GNP), arms trade, population, and the armed forces size. Data on arms imports and arms exports are given in both current and constant dollars. Part 2 provides information for 136 countries on the total current dollar value of arms imported between 1964 and 1973. It includes a breakdown of the total value by each of the nine largest nations supplying arms -- United States, United Kingdom, France, China, Canada, Poland, and the former Soviet Union, West Germany, and Czechoslovakia. Data are provided for the recipient countries by major suppliers, as well as for the cumulative total value of arms imported between 1964 and 1973.
Curated

World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1981-1991 (ICPSR 6364)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: South America, Central America, Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, Global, Latin America
Time period: 1981-01-01--1991-12-31
This data collection, which focuses on military spending and arms transfers, supplies information on 144 developed and developing countries of the world for which information was available. Data are provided in five tables. Table I (Part 1) consists of military expenditures, armed forces, Gross National Product, central government expenditures, and population by region, organization, and country for 1981-1991. Table II (Part 2) includes arms transfer deliveries and total trade by region, organization, and country for 1981-1991. Table III (Part 3) provides cumulative information for 1987-1991 on arms transfer deliveries by major supplier and recipient country. Table IV (Part 4) contains arms transfer deliveries and agreements for 1981-1991 by supplier and recipient region. Table V (included in the documentation) supplies cumulative information for 1987-1991 on number of arms delivered by selected supplier, recipient developing region, and major weapon type.
Curated

European Communities Studies, 1970-1992: Cumulative File (ICPSR 9361)

Released/updated on: 1995-02-10
Geographic coverage: United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, West Germany, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France
Time period: 1970-01-01--1992-12-31
This data collection contains 36 attitudinal, 21 demographic, and 10 analysis variables selected from the European Communities Studies, 1970-1973, and Euro-Barometers 3-38. Question items chosen from the individual surveys for inclusion in the cumulative file have appeared in at least four different surveys. Most items, however, were included in nearly all of the studies carried out during the 22-year period from 1970 to 1992. Attitudinal variables selected from the individual studies include respondent's overall life satisfaction, amount of social change desired, left/right political orientation, support of the Common Market, strength of religious attachment, and the political party for which the respondent would vote. Other variables record respondents' opinions on topics such as the unification of Europe, elections to the European Parliament, nuclear power, income equality, terrorism, military defense, public ownership vs. private industry, and pollution. Three indices constructed by the principal investigators--cognitive mobilization, materialist/post-materialist values, and left/center/right vote--also are included. Demographic information supplied includes age, sex, marital status, household composition, occupation, religion, family income, age at which the respondent left school, town size, region, union membership of household members, size and supervision of the workplace, subjective social class, work sector, and housing source.
Curated

Great Power Wars, 1495-1815 (ICPSR 9955)

Released/updated on: 1994-05-20
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 1495-01-01--1815-12-31
This study identifies "great power" wars, i.e., major-minor wars, or those involving at least one great power on each side. In order to exclude protracted conflicts with low levels of fighting, an annual average of 1,000 battle deaths was required for inclusion in this collection. Great powers are defined as countries or states that play a major role in international politics with respect to security-related issues. Such powers must have a high level of military capability relative to other states and be able to project military power beyond their borders with the option of using force, or the threat of force, to help shape their external environment. They play a large role in international organizations and politics and are perceived as great powers by other members of the international community. Variables in this collection include the duration of each war, its severity in terms of the number of battle-connected deaths, the extent of the war (defined as the number of great powers participating in the fighting), magnitude of the war (combining extent and duration indicators), and the concentration of war (the ratio of severity to magnitude).
Curated

Nations in Conflict: Data on National Growth and International Violence for Six European Major Powers, 1870-1914 (ICPSR 7425)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Great Britain, Austria, Hungary, Europe, Italy, France, Germany, Global, Russia
Time period: 1870-01-01--1914-12-31
This study includes data collected to investigate the dynamics of conflict and warfare and the role played by national growth and expansion in these processes. Annual aggregate data were compiled for the period 1870-1914 on Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, and Austria-Hungary in eight categories: national size, colonial size, economic and productivity profile, commercial activity, government budget, alliances, violence, and conflicts of interest. Data in the first six categories were gathered from yearbooks and other historical sources. One of the alliance measures, adversary relationship, is a dummy variable indicating if a state was aligned or not. Variables in the last two categories are derived by subjective scaling procedures. The data are structured around individual years as units of analysis.
Curated

Political Use of the United States Armed Forces, 1946-1976 (ICPSR 7595)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1946-01-01--1976-12-31
The data in this collection were generated in 1976 as part of a Brookings Institution project studying the use of the United States Armed Forces as a political instrument. By the study's definition, political use of the armed forces occurs when physical actions are taken by one or more components of the uniformed military services as part of a deliberate attempt by the national authorities to influence, or to be prepared to influence, specific behavior of individuals in another nation without engaging in a contest of violence. The study yielded 226 such cases between January 1, 1946, and December 31, 1976. The data can be grouped into seven categories: dates of the events, contextual characteristics of events, types and sizes of United States Armed Forces involved, movement and readiness of forces, activities of forces, non-United States actors involved, and United States public approval of the president within two months of the event.
Curated

Dimensionality of Nations Project: Attributes of Nations and Behavior of Nation Dyads, 1950-1965 (ICPSR 5409)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 1950-01-01--1965-12-31
This study contains data on the economic, diplomatic, military, and social dyadic interactions among a selected sample of 182 nation-dyads in the years 1950, 1955, 1960, 1963, and 1965. Originally collected by the Dimensionality of Nations (DON) Project at the University of Hawaii, these data provide information on the behavioral dimensions of the interactions between the nations in the dyads. The dyads represent all of the paired relationships for 14 nations. Variables such as economic aid, official visits, treaties, co-participation in international conferences, exports, tourist visits, intergovernmental organizations, common membership in nongovernmental organizations, common blocs membership, and military alliances measure positive interactions or cooperative behavior between the nations. Other variables such as military actions, negative behavior, severance of diplomatic relations, expulsion or recall of diplomats and lesser officials, boycott or embargo, aid to subversive groups or enemies, accusations, protests, attacks on embassy, and lost territory from one nation to the other measure conflictual interactions. The variables are arranged by year and within year by dyad number.
Curated

African Participation in the United Nations, 1961-1965 (ICPSR 5516)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Benin, Cameroon, Guinea, Sudan, Egypt, Chad, Somalia, Madagascar, Ivory Coast, Libya, Global, Syria, Gabon, Morocco, Mali, Nigeria, Tunisia, Togo, Niger, Africa, Ghana, Liberia, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia
Time period: 1961-01-01--1965-12-31
This data collection provides information on the participation of 25 African member nations of the United Nations (UN) in the UN in the period 1961-1965. Data are provided for national attributes, and forms of participation in the UN. National attributes data provide information on the gross national product (GNP), United States' economic and military aids received, size of the armed forces, population size, number of physicians per 100 inhabitants, and school enrollment as a percentage of the population. Data on participation in the UN include the number of representatives from each nation in the UN, number of offices won, and resolutions and amendments passed.
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