Showing 1 – 3 of 3 results.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
An Institutionalization Effect: The Impact of Mental Hospitalization and Imprisonment on Homicide in the United States, 1934 - 2001 (ICPSR 34986)
Released/updated on: 2014-05-14
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1934-01-01--2001-01-01
This data set explored the effect of imprisonment on violent crime rates prior to 1991. Previous research focused exclusively on rates of imprisonment, rather than using a measure that combines institutionalization in both prisons and mental hospitals. Using state-level panel-data regressions over the 68-year period from 1934 to 2001 and controlling for economic conditions, youth population rates, criminal justice enforcement, and demographic factors, this study found a large, robust, and statistically significant relationship between aggregated institutionalization (in mental hospitals and prisons) and homicide rates. This finding provided strong evidence of what should now be called an institutionalization effect -- rather than an imprisonment or incapacitation effect. Demographic information collected include national unemployment rates and institutional race and age composition.
Curated
Mental Disorder and Violent Crime: A 20-Year Cohort Study in New York State, 1968-1988 (ICPSR 9978)
Released/updated on: 1996-02-09
Geographic coverage: New York City, United States, New York (state)
Time period: 1968-01-01--1988-01-01
The objectives of this study were (1) to compare long-term patterns of violent crime for mentally disordered patients and for prison inmates, and (2) to evaluate the predictive validity of a diagnosis of schizophrenia for subsequent arrests for violent crimes. For purposes of this data collection, violent crimes were defined as including murder, manslaughter, rape, assault, kidnapping, and sodomy. The study analyzed individual state mental hospital patients and inmates of state prisons in New York State over a 20-year span. In the process of obtaining information regarding the individuals, three different areas were focused on: hospital, incarceration, and arrest histories. Variables for hospital histories include inpatient hospitalizations, admission and discharge dates, legal status for all state hospitals through 1988, primary diagnosis for target and most recent admissions, and placements in New York State Department of Correctional Services mental hospitals. Incarceration history variables include time spent in adult state prisons, incarcerations through 1988, and dates of release (including re-entry to community on parole, outright release, or escape). Arrest histories include information on the subject's first adult arrest through 1988 (only the most serious charge for each incident is recorded) and out-of-state arrests, when available. Demographic variables include age, race, and date of birth.
Curated
National Survey of Institutionalized Persons, 1976 (ICPSR 7866)
Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
This data collection was designed to obtain information about the services and resources of the various types of long-term care facilities in the United States, i.e., chronic care institutions (providing care for people with chronic conditions, diseases, and handicaps), institutions that provide care for the mentally ill and mentally handicapped, nursing homes, homes for the aged, and residential schools and treatments centers. Six major areas of concern were examined in this study: (1) the appropriateness of placement/admission and discharge, plus possible alternatives, (2) the quality of life within the institutional environment, (3) the residents' rights and legal status, (4) the medical and non-medical services provided and needed, (5) the sources of financing such care, and (6) the impact of government programs and policies upon the costs and provision of certain types of service. This information was collected from 9,090 residents of 851 institutions and from 3,289 of their family members. Administrative staff at each resident's facility also provided information about that facility as well as the sampled resident. Data about the resident's institution include its basic characteristics, e.g., type of care provided, ownership, number of beds, occupancy rate, and services and programs offered. Resident data include basic social and demographic characteristics, reason for institutionalization, cost of care, current activities, type of treatment, and the physical limitations of the institutional population. Family data examine the next of kin's relationship to the resident, e.g., relative's proximity to the institution, frequency of visits, and monetary contributions to the resident, as well as the next of kin's demographic characteristics and views of the resident and his or her institutionalization.