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Curated
Simple Crosstabs

United States Congressional Roll Call Voting Records, 1789-1990: Reformatted Data (ICPSR 9822)

Released/updated on: 2026-08-17
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1789-01-01--1990-12-31
This study consists of roll call voting records from the United States Congress, including both the House of Representatives and Senate, from 1789 to 1990. The data is organized by distinct sessions of Congress, from 1st to 100th session of Congress. The units of analysis are individual members of Congress. Each record contains a member's voting action on every roll call vote taken during that session. The data also includes information associated with each record such as name, state, party code, ICPSR ID, member and occupancy codes, and Congress session number. The codebook files also contain supplemental information such as legislative citation codes, the voting date, the outcome tally, the relevant location, and a description of the voting issue.
Curated
Partially restricted
Simple Crosstabs

The Gender and Multicultural Leadership Project: The Future of Governance, United States, 2006-2007 (ICPSR 36826)

Released/updated on: 2019-01-03
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2006-01-01--2007-12-31

The Gender and Multicultural Leadership Project (GMCL) is a national study of America's political leadership in the 21st century, with a focus on race, ethnicity, and gender. The project specifically addresses African American, Latina/o, Native American, and Asian American elected officials in U.S. politics. The 2000 U.S. Census points to a need to understand the role of gender and race/ethnicity in today's elected leaders and how this increasingly diversified leadership is becoming incorporated into the governing structures of a nation projected to be "majority-minority" within the next fifty years.

Key components of the GMCL Project include a national database of more than 10,000 elected officials of color, by race and gender; an annotated bibliography and analytical framework on the intersection of gender, race/ethnicity, class; and an interactive project website.

Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Survey of State Legislators Relationship with their Districts, 2008 (ICPSR 36585)

Released/updated on: 2016-10-25
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2008-01-01--2008-12-31

The Survey of State Legislators Relationship with their Districts, 2008 collection represents data from state legislators within states that passed an initiative or referendum on same-sex marriage and who responded to a fall 2008 mail survey.

The legislators were surveyed about information they use to make decisions (including measures of trustee and delegate styles), how much time they and their staff spend on different tasks, how they try to stay in contact with their constituents (communication methods and social media use), as well as their perceptions of their constituents issue positions. Data were also collected about the district population demographics and ideologies. Additional information was collected about the legislators' previous positions, previous election, and their ambitions regarding whether they aspired to hold a similar office or otherwise.

Demographic information included in this collection are sex, year born, and political ideology.

Curated
Simple Crosstabs

Job Satisfaction in the House of Representatives, 1999 (ICPSR 36584)

Released/updated on: 2016-10-24
Geographic coverage: United States

Job Satisfaction in the House of Representatives, 1999, reflects data collected from a mail survey of former members of the House of Representatives conducted in the Summer of 1999. The survey was funded by a grant from the Dirksen Congressional Center and the Caterpiller Foundation.

The collection includes data about former members who left congress between 1970 and 1999; of the 401 former members who were sent surveys 228 responded for a response rate of about 57%. The respondents were surveyed about reasons why they left congress, their relationships with their colleagues, satisfaction with position, and aspects of their family. Demographic variables included in this dataset are marital status and political party affiliation.

Curated

Mapping Congress: Roll Call Votes of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 1862-1865 (ICPSR 36109)

Released/updated on: 2015-08-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1862-01-01--1865-12-31
This data collection is a sub-project associated with ICPSR #67, Roll Call Voting Records for the Confederate Congresses, 1862-1865, and represents an investigation of the voting records of representatives and senators of the Congress of the Confederacy. The project was conducted for use in a geographic information system, in order to understand the relationship between geography and public policy during the American Civil War.
Curated
Partially restricted
Simple Crosstabs

Candidates for Office: Beliefs and Strategies, 1964 (ICPSR 34101)

Released/updated on: 2014-08-08
Geographic coverage: United States, Wisconsin
Time period: 1964-01-01--1964-12-31

This study is based on face-to-face interviews with Wisconsin candidates, both winners and losers in the general election, running for various offices in 1964. Half of the sample is composed of a census of all 1964 Wisconsin candidates for the United States Congress and statewide elective office. The other half is a stratified random sample of candidates for the state legislature (both senate and assembly), chosen to equal in number the number of congressional and statewide candidates. The stratification is by geography in the state of Wisconsin.

For more information on the study, including detailed sampling and method information, please refer to Kingdon, J.W. (1968). Candidates for office: Beliefs and strategies. New York: Random House.

Curated

ANES 1988-1992 Merged Senate Study File (ICPSR 35130)

Released/updated on: 2014-05-19
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1988-01-01--1988-12-31, 1990-01-01--1990-12-31, 1992-01-01--1992-12-31
This data collection, focusing on Senate elections, combines data from a three-part series (1988, 1990, 1992) of Senate studies. Over the course of these three elections voters in each of the 50 states were interviewed, and data were gathered on citizen evaluations of all senators at three stages of their six-year election cycles. Both survey data and contextual data for all 50 states are included. The survey data facilitate the comparison of House of Representatives and Senate races through the use of questions that generally parallel those questions used in election studies since 1978 concerning respondents' interaction with and evaluation of candidates for the House of Representatives. However, because of redistricting in the early 1990s, the congressional districts for the 1992 respondents could not be pre-identified. The survey instrument was, therefore, redesigned to some degree, cutting some of the House-related content for the 1992 survey. The 50-state survey design also allows for the comparison of respondents' perceptions and evaluation of senators who were up for re-election with those in the second or fourth years of their terms. Topics covered include respondent's recall and like/dislike of House and Senate candidates, issues discussed in the campaigns, contact with House and Senate candidates/incumbents, respondent's opinion of the proper roles for senators and representatives, a limited set of issue questions, liberal/conservative self-placement, party identification, media exposure, and demographic information. Contextual data presented include election returns for the Senate primary and general elections, voting indices for the years 1983-1992, information about the Senate campaign such as election outcome predictions, campaign pollster used, and spending patterns, and demographic, geographic, and economic data for the state. Also included are derived measures that reorganize the House of Representatives and Senate variables by the party and incumbency/challenger status of the candidate and, for Senate variables only, by proximity to next election. Additionally, a number of analytic variables intended to make analyses more convenient (e.g., Senate class number and whether the respondent voted for the incumbent) are presented.
Curated
Partially restricted
Simple Crosstabs

Congressmen's Voting Decisions, 1969 (ICPSR 33301)

Released/updated on: 2014-04-16
Geographic coverage: District of Columbia, United States
Time period: 1969-01-01--1969-12-31

The core of this data collection is a set of interviews with a stratified random sample of members of the House conducted during the first session of the Ninety-First Congress in 1969. Rather than asking respondents in general about how they make decisions, the interviews concentrated on some specific vote or votes that were currently or very recently under consideration. The interview sought to develop a life history of each member's decision, including the steps through which the representative went, the considerations which he weighted, and the political actors who influenced him. These interview data were supplemented by a good deal of immersion in the process: repeated conversations with staff, lobbyists, and journalists, the reading of documents, and observations of committee meetings and floor debates.

Each of the sampled members was interviewed several times during the course of the session on different votes. It should be emphasized that the unit of analysis is the decision, not the congressman, or in other words, the number of representatives multiplied by the number of decisions on which each was interviewed. All interviews were conducted face-to-face in Washington D.C. in 1969. To minimize recall deficiencies, respondents were interviewed at the time of the vote or within the following few days.

For more information on the study, including detailed sampling and method information, please refer to Kingdon, J.W. (1989). Congressman's voting decisions. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Curated

Party Variation in Religiosity and Women's Leadership: A Cross-National Perspective, 2008-2010 (ICPSR 30742)

Released/updated on: 2011-08-12
Geographic coverage: Afghanistan, Egypt, Global, Middle East, Netherlands, Austria, Morocco, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Algeria, Jordan, Tunisia, Bahrain, Palestine, Albania, Lebanon, Djibouti, Bangladesh, Turkey, Mauritania, Belgium, Senegal, Comoros, Italy, Israel, Germany, Indonesia, Yemen
Time period: 2008-01-01--2010-12-31
This study was compiled with the goal of looking beyond the national domestic level into individual party-level explanations for women's political leadership. The study consists of two parts which analyze the party level for women's ascendancy to political leadership. Part 1 focuses on an aggregate of 25 non-randomly selected countries, Part 2 focuses on Lebanon. The study records the level of religiosity of political parties, where it refers to religious components in the party's political platforms or the extent to which religion penetrates a party's political agendas. Both datasets examine party variation in religiosity, party structure, respondents' station within a parties' decision-making inner structures, and other party-level characteristics that may impact women's leadership in various political parties. Additional variables include identifiers for Muslim, Arab, and European states, level of secularism, election design, party design, and age of party.
Curated

United States Congressional Roll Call Voting Records, 1789-1998 (ICPSR 4)

Released/updated on: 2010-05-06
Time period: 1789-01-01--1998-12-31
Roll call voting records for both chambers of the United States Congress through the second session of the 105th Congress are presented in this data collection. Each data file in the collection contains information for one chamber of a single Congress. The units of analysis in each part are the individual members of Congress. Each record contains a member's voting action on every roll call vote taken during that Congress, along with variables that identify the member (e.g., name, party, state, district, uniform ICPSR member number, and most recent means of attaining office). In addition, the codebook provides descriptive information for each roll call, including the date of the vote, outcome in terms of nays and yeas, name of initiator, the relevant bill or resolution number, and a synopsis of the issue.
Curated

Legislative Issues in the Fifty States, 1963 (ICPSR 7012)

Released/updated on: 2010-03-03
Time period: 1963-01-01--1963-12-31
This study of state legislative politics surveyed legislators from all 50 states. Questions were asked about areas of political conflict in the legislature, the determinants of conflict, the role of various political actors, and the accumulated effect of conflict upon policy formation. Background information was also collected.
Curated

International Connections Project, 1967 (ICPSR 5504)

Released/updated on: 2009-11-23
Geographic coverage: Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Global
Time period: 1967-01-01--1967-12-31
This study contains data on attitudes of parliamentarians in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden toward integration and political and economic unity in Western Europe in 1967. The parliamentarians were asked if they thought Britain and the Scandinavian nations should seek some kind of affiliation with the European Economic Community (EEC), what kind of affiliation they favored for Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, and what level of political integration they favored for Western Europe. Other variables probe the parliamentarians' feelings about increasing the political unity of Western Europe, France's official attitude toward the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the effects of further integration in Western Europe on political relations with the United States, the effects of improvements in relations with Eastern Europe on the progress toward political unity in Western Europe, and the postwar trend toward increased cooperation between the Nordic nations and its compatibility with integration in Western Europe. Additional variables probe the parliamentarians' opinions of the Nordic Council, and the ways in which their attendance at the Council of Europe's meetings had affected their outlook on European affairs and Nordic affairs, and enhanced their party position in their constituencies.
Curated

Database of [United States] Congressional Historical Statistics, 1789-1989 (ICPSR 3371)

Released/updated on: 2009-02-03
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1789-01-01--1989-12-31
This data release is composed of tables from a database of United States Congressional statistics spanning the time period 1789 through 1989. The sources of the data were studies in the ICPSR collection and other historical texts and studies. There are eleven data files in total, including two additional tables that have been added since the first release. Some files contain records for additional Congresses. The rows in the various files describe different entities. For example, in the Votes Table file, each row contains a record of a vote by a particular member on a particular roll call vote. The Member Table file contains a record for each member of Congress, while the Serves Table file contains a record for each member for every Congress in which he or she served. See the descriptions of each file in the codebook for details about its contents. The data from the various files can be combined by matching the fields that they have in common. Cross-file searches should be conducted using the Member_ID field. However, not every file has the Member_ID field. In those cases, an alternative common field should be used.
Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1995-1996: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 4129)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1995-01-01--1996-12-31
These data, comprising five separate files, are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws for the 1995-1996 election cycle. Part 1, Candidate Master File, contains a record for every registered candidate for federal office. Each of these records includes the candidate's name, identification number, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, and the identification number of the candidate's principal campaign committee. Part 2, Committee Master File, includes a record for every registered political committee, unauthorized delegate filer, independent expenditure filer, and communication cost filer. Included in this file is the identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, party affiliation, report filing frequency, and special interest group category of each of these entities. Part 3, Itemized Record of Contributions to/Disbursements on Behalf of Candidates, comprises records of reported contributions to candidates and disbursements on behalf of candidates by political committees, unauthorized delegate filers, independent expenditure filers, and communication cost filers. Information in this file includes the identification number of the contributing/disbursing entity, type of report, and the date, type, and amount of each transaction. Part 4, Itemized Record of Individual/Candidate Contributions, furnishes records of receipts of contributions from individuals, from candidates to their own campaigns, and disbursements to refund contributions to individuals, as reported by candidates and their committees, other political committees, and persons making independent expenditures. Part 4 also covers the tracking of contributions that individuals earmarked for a specific candidate as they proceeded through intermediaries registered with the FEC. Information in this file includes the identification number of the filer, report type, transaction type, date and amount of the transaction, and the name, address, and occupation of the contributor. Part 5, Itemized Record of Miscellaneous Transactions, contains all transactions (contribution, transfers, etc., among federal committees), all data in the itemized committee contributions file, plus PAC contributions to party committees, party transfers from state committee to state committee, and party transfers from national committee to state committee.
Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1999-2000: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 4130)

Released/updated on: 2006-03-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1999-01-01--2000-12-31
These data, comprising five separate files, are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws for the 1999-2000 election cycle. Part 1, Candidate Master File, contains a record for every registered candidate for federal office. Each of these records includes the candidate's name, identification number, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, and the identification number of the candidate's principal campaign committee. Part 2, Committee Master File, includes a record for every registered political committee, unauthorized delegate filer, independent expenditure filer, and communication cost filer. Included in this file is the identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, party affiliation, report filing frequency, and special interest group category of each of these entities. Part 3, Itemized Record of Contributions to/Disbursements on Behalf of Candidates, comprises records of reported contributions to candidates and disbursements on behalf of candidates by political committees, unauthorized delegate filers, independent expenditure filers, and communication cost filers. Information in this file includes the identification number of the contributing/disbursing entity, type of report, and the date, type, and amount of each transaction. Part 4, Itemized Record of Individual/Candidate Contributions, furnishes records of receipts of contributions from individuals, from candidates to their own campaigns, and disbursements to refund contributions to individuals, as reported by candidates and their committees, other political committees, and persons making independent expenditures. Part 4 also covers the tracking of contributions that individuals earmarked for a specific candidate as they proceeded through intermediaries registered with the FEC. Information in this file includes the identification number of the filer, report type, transaction type, date and amount of the transaction, and the name, address, and occupation of the contributor. Part 5, Itemized Record of Miscellaneous Transactions, contains all transactions (contribution, transfers, etc., among federal committees), all data in the itemized committee contributions file, plus PAC contributions to party committees, party transfers from state committee to state committee, and party transfers from national committee to state committee.
Curated

Burdens of National Defense, 1961-1968 (ICPSR 7388)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: Canada, United States, United Kingdom, France
Time period: 1938-01-01--1968-12-31
This study includes state-level information on expenditures of the United States Department of Defense and National Aeronautics and Space Administration for the years 1961-1962 and 1967-1968 (Part 1), and U.S. Senate roll-call votes on defense-related issues during the 87th and 90th Congresses (Part 2). The study also contains time-series data representing a breakdown of the gross national product (GNP) by component categories for Canada in the years 1947-1964 (Part 3), for France in 1950-1965 (Part 4), for the United Kingdom in 1947-1965 (Part 5), and for the United States in 1938-1967 (Part 6).
Curated

Daily Operation of the United States Senate, 1975 (ICPSR 7512)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1975-01-01--1975-12-31
This data collection contains descriptions of legislative activity in the United States Senate during the First Session of the Ninety-fourth Congress (1975). The four data files were obtained from the Government Division of the Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress. Part 1 contains information on bills and resolutions considered, including the type of measure, the date and number of subcommittee hearings about it, and the actions taken on it. Part 2 describes committee activities, including detailed information about every committee meeting held, e.g., dates and times, open or closed, purpose(s) of meeting, subject area covered, and number and type of witnesses appearing before each. Part 3 contains information about the Senate floor sessions, including times of convening and adjourning and number of record and quorum votes taken. Part 4 contains records of the committee and subcommittee assignments of all Senators and the factors influencing those assignments, e.g., each Senator's Senate leadership position, state seniority, Senate seniority in years, party affiliation, party seniority in years, state population in the thousands, prior occupation, and former public office held.
Curated

Congressional Attitudes Toward Congressional Organization (ICPSR 7001)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States
This data collection contains information on the opinions of United States congressmen and women on their roles in Congress, the roles and functions of Congress, congressional organizations and procedures, and the problems and effectiveness of Congress. Three general types of respondents were interviewed: general, leader, and top leader respondents. Respondents were asked about their position on various proposals for congressional reorganization, such as the use of electronic voting devices, four-year terms of office, and year-long congressional sessions, and their opinions on the likelihood of these proposals being adopted. Other items probed their views on issues such as the protection of minority interests, party bloc vote, moral-based decisions, rule of the majority, equality of Congress and the Executive branch, party compromise, degree of influence of lobbyists, and pressing congressional problems. Demographic items specify age, occupation, education, previous political experience, political party affiliation, length of service in Congress, congressional leadership position, ranks, and committee membership and functions, as well as voting records, constituency characteristics by region and district, percentage of total party unity votes, conservative coalition support, and bipartisan support.
Curated

Lobbyists and Legislators: A Comparative State Study, 1966 (ICPSR 7248)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: North Carolina, Oregon, United States, Massachusetts, Utah
Time period: 1966-01-01--1966-12-31
This study includes data collected in February and March 1966 from registered lobbyists (Part 1) and legislators (Part 2) in the states of Massachusetts, North Carolina, Oregon, and Utah. The lobbyists (Part 1) were asked about their backgrounds in politics and in the organizations they represented. The study ascertained the lobbyists' feelings about their profession and its role in the legislative process as well as specifics about the organization(s) by whom they were employed. In addition to details of their work as lobbyists -- contacts with legislatures, techniques used to persuade, and time spent with opposition lobbyists -- the study probed the respondents' opinions about the most powerful occupation groups and the reasons for their influential positions. The legislators (Part 2) were asked about their early interest in politics, their previously held government positions, and the legislative leadership positions held at the time of the interview. Questions centered on the legislators' opinions of lobbyists and contacts with them, their competence, tasks, means of communication, and the extent to which lobbyists used pressure and persuasive activities. Aggregate data descriptions of the legislators' districts are also included.
Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1981-1982 (ICPSR 8238)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1981-01-01--1982-12-31
According to the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as amended), political party and non-party committees must limit their campaign spending and report their expenditures to the Federal Election Commission (FEC). The information collected by the FEC outlines the party and non-party committee expenditures for each candidate supported and also presents the data by candidate and House or Senate position sought. This data collection is contained in six files. Party data are contained in two files: a spread file that contains a record for each party committee in alphabetical order by committee ID number, and a cross-tabs file that contains one or more records for each party committee, organized first by committee ID number and then by candidate ID number. Non-party and House/Senate data are also contained in a spread file and a cross-tabs file, both organized in the same manner as the party files. Candidates are designated by a candidate ID number that includes the federal office sought (coded "S" for Senate or "H" for House) and the state in which the candidate ran. Specific variables record information on total receipts and the amounts of contributions from corporations, labor organizations, membership and trade associations, and health-related organizations. Variables also detail the committees' amount of available cash, debts owed to and by organizations, amount of in-kind contributions, and expenditures.
Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1983-1984 (ICPSR 8511)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1983-01-01--1984-12-31
Detailed data on campaign contributions and expenditures on behalf of or against political candidates are included in this collection. Information provided for United States Congressional campaigns includes the candidate's name, incumbency status, party affiliation, receipts, disbursements, contributions from the candidate, loans, debts, aggregate contributions by amount and source, and independent expenditures for and against the candidate. Data on party and non-party political committees include the committee name, special-interest group classification, receipts, cash and in-kind contributions made and received, disbursements, debts, and total expenditures for and against House, Senate, and Presidential candidates.
Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1983-1984: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 9313)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1983-01-01--1984-12-31
These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. The files are essentially copies of the FEC's on-line computer files for the 1983-1984 election cycle. The Candidate Master File (Part 1) contains a record for each registered candidate for federal office. It includes the candidate's name, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, identification number of the principal campaign committee, office sought, and election year. The Committee Master File (Part 2) contains a record for each registered committee for federal office. Information provided includes the committee's identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, committee designation and type, party affiliation, report filing frequency, special interest group category and connected organization's name, and multicandidate committee status. The Detailed Report File (Part 3) contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1983-1984 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, the report year and type, the time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and end cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, and refunds. The Itemized PAC Contribution File (Part 4) contains one record for each type of contributor for each reporting period. Information covered in this file includes the type and year of the report, the time period covered by the report, total contributions, net contributions, total contribution refunds, net operating expenditures, cash on hand, debts and obligations owed by the committee, debts and obligations owed to the committee, contributions from individuals, and loans made or guaranteed by the candidate.
Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1987-1988: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 9314)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1987-01-01--1988-12-31
These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. The files are essentially copies of the FEC's on-line computer files for the 1987-1988 election cycle. The Candidate Master File (Part 1) contains a record for each registered candidate for federal office. It includes the candidate's name, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, identification number of the principal campaign committee, office sought, and election year. The Committee Master File (Part 2) contains a record for each registered committee for federal office. Information provided includes the committee's identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, committee designation and type, party affiliation, report filing frequency, special interest group category and connected organization's name, and multicandidate committee status. The Detailed Report File (Part 3) contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1987-1988 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, the report year and type, the time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and end cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, and refunds. The Itemized PAC Contribution File (Part 4) contains one record for each type of contributor for each reporting period. Information included in this file covers the type and year of the report, the time period covered by the report, total contributions, net contributions, total contribution refunds, net operating expenditures, cash on hand, debts and obligations owed by the committee, debts and obligations owed to the committee, contributions from individuals and loans made, or guaranteed by the candidate.
Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1989-1990: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 9775)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1989-01-01--1990-12-31
These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. The files are essentially copies of the FEC's on-line computer files for the 1989-1990 election cycle. The Candidate Master Data file (Part 1) contains a record for each registered candidate for federal office. It includes the candidate's name, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, identification number of the principal campaign committee, office sought, and election year. The Committee Master Data file (Part 2) contains a record for each registered committee for federal office. Information provided includes the committee's identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, committee designation and type, party affiliation, report filing frequency, special interest group category and connected organization's name, and multicandidate committee status. The Itemized Individual Contribution File (Part 3) contains a record for each candidate and his or her committee, other political committees, and persons making independent expenditures. Itemized receipt and disbursement information presented in the file includes the filer identification number, amendment and primary-general indicators, report and transaction types, address, occupation, transaction date, and transaction amount. The Itemized PAC Contribution File (Part 4) contains one record for each type of contributor for each reporting period. Information included in this file covers the type and year of the report, the time period covered by the report, total contributions, net contributions, total contribution refunds, net operating expenditures, cash on hand, debts and obligations owed by and to the committee, contributions from individuals, and loans made or guaranteed by the candidate. The Detailed Report File (Part 5) contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1989-1990 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, the report year and type, the time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, and refunds.
Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1985-1986: Reports on Financial Activity (RFA) Data (ICPSR 8937)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1985-01-01--1986-12-31
These data are produced in conjunction with Federal Election Commission (FEC) Reports On Financial Activity (RFA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by political committees and others who are required to file under the federal election laws. The data present summary information concerning filers' gross receipts, disbursements, debts, cash on hand, etc. They also include information on particular party and nonparty committee support of individual candidates. The data for United States congressional campaigns supply summarized information about the campaign, including the candidate's name, incumbency status, party affiliation, receipts, disbursements, contributions from the candidate, loans, debts, aggregate contributions by amount and source, and independent expenditures for and against the candidate. The party and nonparty political committee data contain summary information for committees including the committee name, special-interest group classification, receipts, cash and in-kind contributions made and received, disbursements, debts, and total expenditures for and against House and Senate candidates.
Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1993-1994: Reports on Financial Activity (RFA) Data (ICPSR 6946)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1993-01-01--1994-12-31
These data offer information on the campaigns of all individuals who registered under the Federal Election Campaign Act as candidates in the 1993 or 1994 elections for the United States Senate or House of Representatives. Also included are some individuals who were certified by the appropriate state authorities as official Senate or House candidates in a 1993 or 1994 primary, runoff, or general election but who had not registered with the Federal Election Commission. Information is provided on the filer's gross receipts, disbursements, debts, and cash on hand. Information on particular party and nonparty committee support of candidates is included as well. The congressional campaign data contain variables on candidate's name, incumbency status, party affiliation, receipts, disbursements, contributions from the candidate, loans, debts, aggregate contributions by amount and source, and independent expenditures for and against the candidate. The party and nonparty political committee data contain summary information for committees including the committee name, special interest group classification, receipts, cash and in-kind contributions, and total expenditures for or against House and Senate candidates.
Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1993-1994: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 6658)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1993-01-01--1994-12-31
These data, comprising four separate files, are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws for the 1993-1994 election cycle. Part 1, Candidate Master Data, contains a record for every registered candidate for federal office. Each of these records includes the candidate's name, identification number, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, and the identification number of the candidate's principal campaign committee. Part 2, Committee Master Data, includes a record for every registered political committee, unauthorized delegate filer, independent expenditure filer, and communication cost filer. Included in this file is the identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, party affiliation, report filing frequency, and special interest group category of each of these entities. Part 3, Itemized Record of Contributions to/Disbursements on Behalf of Candidates, comprises records of reported contributions to candidates and disbursements on behalf of candidates by political committees, unauthorized delegate filers, independent expenditure filers, and communication cost filers. Information in this file includes the identification number of the contributing/disbursing entity, type of report, and the date, type, and amount of each transaction. Part 4, Itemized Record of Individual/Candidate Contributions, furnishes records of receipts of contributions from individuals, from candidates to their own campaigns, and disbursements to refund contributions to individuals, as reported by candidates and their committees, other political committees, and persons making independent expenditures. Part 4 also covers the tracking of contributions that individuals earmarked for a specific candidate as they proceeded through intermediaries registered with the FEC. Information in this file includes the identification number of the filer, report type, transaction type, date and amount of the transaction, and the name, address, and occupation of the contributor.
Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1987-1988: Reports on Financial Activity (RFA) Data (ICPSR 9315)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1987-01-01--1988-12-31
These data are produced in conjunction with Federal Election Commission (FEC) Reports On Financial Activity (RFA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by political committees and others required to file under the federal election laws. The data present summary information concerning filers' gross receipts, disbursements, debts, cash on hand, etc. They also include information on particular party and non-party committee support of individual candidates. The data for United States congressional campaigns supply summarized information about the campaign, including the candidate's name, incumbency status, party affiliation, receipts, disbursements, contributions from the candidate, loans, debts, aggregate contributions by amount and source, and independent expenditures for and against the candidate. The party and non-party political committee data contain summary information for committees including the committee name, special-interest group classification, receipts, cash and in-kind contributions made and received, disbursements, debts, and total expenditures for and against House and Senate candidates.
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Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1989-1990: Reports on Financial Activity (RFA) Data (ICPSR 9828)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1989-01-01--1990-12-31
These data offer information on the campaigns of all individuals who registered under the Federal Election Campaign Act as 1989 or 1990 candidates for the United States Senate or House of Representatives. Also included are some individuals who were certified by the appropriate state authorities as official Senate or House candidates in a 1989 or 1990 primary, runoff, or general election but who had not registered with the Federal Election Commission. Information is provided on the filer's gross receipts, disbursements, debts, and cash on hand. Information on particular party and non-party committee support of candidates is included as well. The congressional campaign data contain variables on candidate's name, incumbency status, party affiliation, receipts, disbursements, contributions from the candidate, loans, debts, aggregate contributions by amount and source, and independent expenditures for and against the candidate. The party and nonparty political committee data contain summary information for committees including the committee name, special interest group classification, receipts, cash and in-kind contributions, and total expenditures for or against House and Senate candidates.
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Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1985-1986: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 8939)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1985-01-01--1986-12-31
These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others who are required to file under the federal election laws. The files are essentially copies of the FEC's on-line computer files for the 1985-1986 election cycle. The Candidate Master File (Part 1) contains a record for each registered candidate for federal office. It includes the candidate's name, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, the identification number of the principal campaign committee, the office sought, and the election year. The Committee Master File (Part 2) contains a record for each registered committee for federal office. The information provided includes the committee's identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, committee designation and type, party affiliation, report filing frequency, special interest group category and connected organization's name, and multicandidate committee status. The Itemized PAC Contribution File (Part 3) presents all transactions (contributions or disbursements) by a political committee for or on behalf of/in opposition to a candidate for federal office or his/her authorized committee occurring during the 1985-1986 election cycle. Items include whether the transaction was made in connection with a 1985-1986 primary, general, special or runoff election, or with a prior or future election, the date and amount of transaction, and identification number of the filer on whose behalf the transaction took place. The Detailed Report File (Part 4) contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1985-1986 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, the report year and type, the time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and end cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, and refunds.
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Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1991-1992: Reports on Financial Activity (RFA) Data (ICPSR 6336)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1991-01-01--1992-12-31
These data offer information on the campaigns of all individuals who registered under the Federal Election Campaign Act as candidates in the 1991 or 1992 elections for the United States Senate or House of Representatives. Also included are some individuals who were certified by the appropriate state authorities as official Senate or House candidates in a 1991 or 1992 primary, runoff, or general election but who had not registered with the Federal Election Commission. Information is provided on the filer's gross receipts, disbursements, debts, and cash on hand. Information on particular party and nonparty committee support of candidates is included as well. The congressional campaign data contain variables on candidate's name, incumbency status, party affiliation, receipts, disbursements, contributions from the candidate, loans, debts, aggregate contributions by amount and source, and independent expenditures for and against the candidate. The party and nonparty political committee data contain summary information for committees including the committee name, special interest group classification, receipts, cash and in-kind contributions, and total expenditures for or against House and Senate candidates.
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Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1991-1992: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Data (ICPSR 6337)

Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1991-01-01--1992-12-31
These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws for the 1991-1992 election cycle. The Candidate Master Data file (Part 1) contains a record for each registered candidate for federal office. It includes the candidate's name, address, party affiliation, incumbent/challenger status, identification number of the principal campaign committee, office sought, and election year. The Committee Master Data file (Part 2) contains a record for each registered committee for federal office. Information provided includes the committee's identification number, name, address, treasurer's name, committee designation and type, party affiliation, report filing frequency, special interest group category and connected organization's name, and multicandidate committee status. The Itemized PAC Contribution File (Part 3) contains one record for each type of contributor for each reporting period. Information included in this file covers the type and year of the report, the time period covered by the report, total contributions, net contributions, total contribution refunds, net operating expenditures, cash on hand, debts and obligations owed by and to the committee, contributions from individuals, and loans made or guaranteed by the candidate. The Itemized Individual Candidate Contribution File (Part 4) contains one record for each individual contributor during the 1991-1992 reporting period. Information provided covers the transaction type, amount, and date as well as contributor name, address, and occupation.
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French Representation Study, 1946-1958 (ICPSR 52)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-22
Geographic coverage: Global
Time period: 1946-01-01--1958-12-31
This data collection contains data for the First, Second, and Third Legislatures of the French National Assembly for the Fourth Republic in 1946-1958. Data are provided on the names of members of French major parties and on the roll call of party members in the three legislatures. Variables provide information on legislative bills, on topics such as NATO passage, defense of the Republic, the Algerian statute, Indo-China, Italy treaty, Paris accords, military budget, atomic energy development, strike regulations, taxes, public health, Parisian transportation, colliery schools, National Assembly reform, agriculture and the economy, land reform, fiscal reform, anti-inflation, salary scale, and amnesty.
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Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1993-1994: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 3586)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1993-01-01--1994-12-31
These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1993-1994 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, refunds, and whether the record reports the activity of a Joint Fundraising Committee.
Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1995-1996: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 3587)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1995-01-01--1996-12-31
These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1995-1996 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, refunds, and whether the record reports the activity of a Joint Fundraising Committee.
Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1997-1998: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 3588)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1997-01-01--1998-12-31
These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1997-1998 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, refunds, and whether the record reports the activity of a Joint Fundraising Committee.
Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1999-2000: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 3589)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1999-01-01--2000-12-31
These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1999-2000 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, and refunds.
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Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 2001-2002: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 3590)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2001-01-01--2002-12-31
These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 2001-2002 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, refunds, and whether the record reports the activity of a Joint Fundraising Committee.
Curated

Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1989-1990: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 3592)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1989-01-01--1990-12-31
These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1989-1990 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, and refunds.
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Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1991-1992: Detailed Report File (ICPSR 6334)

Released/updated on: 2005-12-15
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1991-01-01--1992-12-31
These data are made available by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and are taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by candidates, political committees, and others required to file under the federal election laws. This data file contains one record for each separate reporting period for each FEC committee and, as such, is the source for longitudinal information about committee financial activity during the 1991-1992 election cycle. Information presented in the file includes the political committee identification number, report year and type, time period covered by the report, total receipts and disbursements, beginning and ending cash balances, debts owed by and to the committee, individual, political, and candidate contributions, transfers from affiliated committees, loans received and payments made, refunds, and whether the record reports the activity of a Joint Fundraising Committee.
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American National Election Study: Pooled Senate Election Study, 1988, 1990, 1992 (ICPSR 9580)

Released/updated on: 2005-03-07
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1988-01-01--1988-12-31, 1990-01-01--1990-12-31, 1992-01-01--1992-12-31
This data collection, focusing on Senate elections, combines data from a three-part series (1988, 1990, 1992) of Senate studies. Over the course of these three elections voters in each of the 50 states were interviewed, and data were gathered on citizen evaluations of all senators at three stages of their six-year election cycles. Both survey data and contextual data for all 50 states are included. The survey data facilitate the comparison of House of Representatives and Senate races through the use of questions that generally parallel those questions used in election studies since 1978 concerning respondents' interaction with and evaluation of candidates for the House of Representatives. However, because of redistricting in the early 1990s, the congressional districts for the 1992 respondents could not be pre-identified. The survey instrument was, therefore, redesigned to some degree, cutting some of the House-related content for the 1992 survey. The 50-state survey design also allows for the comparison of respondents' perceptions and evaluation of senators who were up for re-election with those in the second or fourth years of their terms. Topics covered include respondent's recall and like/dislike of House and Senate candidates, issues discussed in the campaigns, contact with House and Senate candidates/incumbents, respondent's opinion of the proper roles for senators and representatives, a limited set of issue questions, liberal/conservative self-placement, party identification, media exposure, and demographic information. Contextual data presented include election returns for the Senate primary and general elections, voting indices for the years 1983-1992, information about the Senate campaign such as election outcome predictions, campaign pollster used, and spending patterns, and demographic, geographic, and economic data for the state. Also included are derived measures that reorganize the House of Representatives and Senate variables by the party and incumbency/challenger status of the candidate and, for Senate variables only, by proximity to next election. Additionally, a number of analytic variables intended to make analyses more convenient (e.g., Senate class number and whether the respondent voted for the incumbent) are presented.
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Legislative Professionalism and Incumbent Reelection: The Development of Institutional Boundaries (ICPSR 1227)

Released/updated on: 2000-12-08
Geographic coverage: United States
It is well established that legislators from highly professionalized bodies are more likely to win reelection than members of less professionalized legislatures. The authors of this article find that the effect of professionalization on incumbent electoral success is far more pervasive. As the level of professionalism of a legislature increases, members' relationships with the legislature's environment change: the effects of external political and economic forces (such as coattails from higher-level elections and national economic conditions) on a legislator's chances for reelection diminish in strength. This implies that legislative professionalization promotes institutionalization by establishing boundaries that insulate members from external shocks. The authors reach these conclusions by specifying and testing a district-level model of state legislative election outcomes having the probability that an incumbent will win reelection as a dependent variable. The model is estimated with probit using data for over 42,000 state legislators from 1970 to 1989.
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Roster of United States Congressional Officeholders and Biographical Characteristics of Members of the United States Congress, 1789-1996: Merged Data (ICPSR 7803)

Released/updated on: 1997-07-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1789-03-04--1996-11-27
This dataset contains variables describing congressional service and selected biographical characteristics for each person who has served in the United States Congress. This release of the data includes members of the 104th Congress. Approximately 11,455 individuals are represented in this file, each identified by a unique five-digit identification number. A data record exists for every Congress in which an individual served, as well as for each chamber in which a person may have served in a given Congress. To illustrate, a member of the House of Representatives who is appointed to fill a vacancy in the Senate during a term of service will have two data records for that Congress. The congressional service variables include political party affiliation, district, state and region represented, and exact and cumulative dates of service in each Congress and each chamber, as well as total congressional service. The biographical variables cover state and region of birth, education, military service, occupation, other political offices held, relatives who also have held congressional office, reason for leaving each Congress, and occupation and political offices held subsequent to service in Congress. Many of these specific variables are summarized in a collapsed variable.
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Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1978-1992: Longitudinal Political Action Committee (PAC) Data (ICPSR 6335)

Released/updated on: 1995-12-21
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1978-01-01--1992-12-31
This collection provides a longitudinal summary compilation of political action committee (PAC) campaign contributions previously released under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). These data were taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by PACs, which are required to file such information under the federal election laws. This collection contains one record for each PAC. Variables include total contributions made to incumbents and nonincumbents, Republicans and Democrats, House and Senate candidates, candidates running and candidates not running, and general election winners and losers.
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Constituency Service and Incumbency Advantage (ICPSR 1108)

Released/updated on: 1995-10-12
Geographic coverage: United States
The article addresses the long-standing discrepancy between scholarly support for the effect of constituency service performed by U.S. legislators on the electoral advantages of incumbency and the large body of contradictory empirical evidence. It first demonstrates that many of the methodological problems noticed in past research reduce to a single measurement problem that is readily resolved. The core of the article then provides among the first systematic empirical evidence for the constituency service hypothesis.
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Campaign Expenditures in the United States, 1978-1990: Longitudinal Political Action Committee (PAC) Data (ICPSR 6260)

Released/updated on: 1994-10-19
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1978-01-01--1990-12-31
This collection provides a longitudinal summary compilation of political action committee (PAC) campaign contributions previously released under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). These data, made available by the Federal Election Commission, were taken directly from campaign finance reports filed by PACs, which are required to file such information under the federal election laws. This collection contains one record for each PAC and covers the years 1978-1990. Variables include total contributions made to incumbents and nonincumbents, Republicans and Democrats, House and Senate candidates, candidates running and candidates not running, and general election winners and losers.
Curated

Prussian Roll Call Data, 1848 (ICPSR 37)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Europe, Prussia, Germany, Global
Time period: 1848-01-01--1848-12-31
This data collection contains information on the voting patterns of the 556 deputies and alternates of the Prussian National Assembly of 1848. Variables provide information on the subject matter of the roll call votes in the Assembly, such as the establishment of a constitutional committee, the promulgation of the constitution, the abolition or the retention of the death penalty with or without provisos, the appointment by the king of all officers and colonels in the civic guard, the resignation of reactionary officers, the increase in taxes on unrefined beet sugar, contractual arrangements, the law concerning the hunting rights of the nobility, rights of tenants and landlords, special guarantees to Polish residents, abolition of the nobility with its titles and designations, and military aid to Vienna by the Prussian government. Demographic variables provide information on the National Assembly members, such as their occupation, membership status in the Assembly, electoral district, party membership, election date, previous service, and committee assignments. Also provided are variables on urban characteristics and religious characteristics of the deputy's electoral district.
Curated

Roll Call Voting Records for the Confederate Congresses, 1862-1865 (ICPSR 67)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1862-01-01--1865-12-31
This data collection contains complete roll call records for the approximately 1,900 votes taken in both chambers of the three Confederate Congresses in the period 1862-1865. Included also is a biographical file that provides data on all those who were seated in any of the Confederate Congresses, including each member's name, age, state, district, party identification, and vocation, as well as the extent of the Congressman's landholdings, the number of slaves held, whether or not the district was occupied by union troops, and the member's stand on secession.
Curated

Legislative Behavior in the Israeli Knesset, 1974-1975 (ICPSR 7851)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: Israel, Global
Time period: 1974-01-01--1975-12-31
This study, conducted in 1975-1975, contains data from personal interviews with 86 members of the 8th Israeli Knesset (1973-1977). Data include members' general perceptions of the legislature and the Israeli political world, as well as their specific party and career histories, areas of expertise, positions held in the Knesset, legislative accomplishments and goals, and legislative behavior, e.g., contact with party leaders, civil servants, and constituents. Other survey data focus on members' political socialization, recruitment, and first political awareness, including the impact of World War II (e.g., concentration camps and purges), elections, Zionism, family activists, school, the Palestine-Israeli conflict, anti-Semitism in community, and membership in youth groups. Personal background data are also included, e.g., age, sex, education, religion, country of origin, family circumstances, and wave (Aliyah) of immigration to Israel.
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United States Congressional Survey, 1975 (ICPSR 7377)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1975-01-01--1975-12-31
This study, conducted in January 1975, explored the views on foreign affairs of members of the United States House of Representatives. Three main areas were investigated: attitudes toward the United Nations, attitudes toward foreign aid, and attitudes toward detente with the Soviet Union. A total of 309 out of 435 House members offices responded, and in many cases questions were answered on behalf of the House members by their chief legislative assistants for foreign affairs.
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