Search results

Showing 1 – 8 of 8 results.

Curated

Partially restricted

Simple Crosstabs

Kickstarter Data, Global, 2009-2023 (ICPSR 38050)

Released/updated on: 2024-04-09

Geographic coverage: Global

Time period: 2009-01-01--2023-12-31

Launched on April 28, 2009, Kickstarter is a Public Benefit Corporation based in Brooklyn, New York. It is a global crowdfunding platform that helps to fund new creative projects and ideas through direct support from individuals (backers) from around the world who pledge money to bring these projects and ideas to life.

Kickstarter supports many different kinds of projects. Everything from films, games, and music to art, design, and technology. Funding on Kickstarter is based on the all-or-nothing model. Backers who pledge their support towards a particular project won't be charged unless the funding goal has been reached. Successfully funded projects reward their backers with one-of-a-kind experiences, e.g., limited editions, or copies of the creative work being produced.

This study includes three datasets: (1) Kickstarter Project (public-use file), (2) Backer Location file, and (3) Kickstarter Project (restricted-use file). The public-use Kickstarter Project dataset contains detailed information about all successful and unsuccessful Kickstarter projects (N=610,015) from 2009-2023, including the project category and subcategory, project location (city, state (for U.S.-based projects), and country), funding goal in original and U.S. currencies, amount pledged in dollars, and the number of backers for each project. The restricted file adds the project title, 150-character project description, and the URL for the project on the Kickstarter site. The Backer Location dataset includes information about backers' country and state and the total amount pledged for each geographic location.

Curated

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor [GEM]: Adult Population Survey Data Set, 1998-2017 (ICPSR 20320)

Released/updated on: 2022-07-12

Geographic coverage: Angola, Kazakhstan, Portugal, Syria, Greece, Latvia, Morocco, Iran, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Panama, Guatemala, Chile, Argentina, Georgia (Republic), Zambia, Ghana, Belize, India, Canada, Turkey, Belgium, Namibia, Taiwan, Finland, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, Peru, Germany, Yemen, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), Puerto Rico, Hong Kong, United States, China (Peoples Republic), Madagascar, Thailand, Libya, Costa Rica, Sweden, Malawi, Poland, Jordan, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Croatia, Uruguay, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, Switzerland, Spain, Lebanon, Venezuela, Czech Republic, Burkina Faso, Israel, Australia, Estonia, Cameroon, Gaza Strip, Cyprus, Malaysia, Iceland, South Korea, Austria, El Salvador, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Slovenia, Tonga, Ecuador, Colombia, Hungary, Japan, New Zealand, Vanuatu, Senegal, Italy, Macedonia, Ethiopia, Singapore, Egypt, Bolivia, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Kosovo, Ireland, Qatar, Slovakia, France, Serbia, Lithuania, Romania, Philippines, Bangladesh, Barbados, Norway, Botswana, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Suriname, Montenegro, Indonesia

Time period: 1998-01-01--2017-12-31

The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor [GEM] research program was developed to provide comparisons among countries related to participation of adults in the firm creation process. The initial data was assembled as a pretest of five countries in 1998 and by 2012 over 100 countries had been involved in the program. The initial design for the GEM initiative was based on the first US Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics, and by 2012 data from 1,827,513 individuals had been gathered in 563 national samples and 6 specialized regional samples.

This dataset is a harmonized file capturing results from all of the surveys. The procedure has been to harmonize the basic items across all surveys in all years, followed by implementing a standardized transform to identify those active as nascent entrepreneurs in the start-up process, as owner-managers of new firms, or as owner-managers of established firms. Those identified as nascent entrepreneurs or new business owners are the basis for the Total Entrepreneurial Activity [TEA] or Total Early-Stage index. This harmonized, consolidated assessment not only facilitates comparisons across countries, but provides a basis for temporal comparisons for individual countries.

Respondents were queried on the following main topics: general entrepreneurship, start-up activities, ownership and management of the firm, and business angels (angel investors). Respondents were initially screened by way of a series of general questions pertaining to starting a business, such as whether they were currently trying to start a new business, whether they knew anyone who had started a new business, whether they thought it was a good time to start a new business, as well as their perceptions of the income potential and the prestige associated with starting a new business. Demographic variables include respondent age, sex, and employment status.

Curated

Investors and Members of Parliament in England, 1575-1630 (ICPSR 55)

Released/updated on: 2011-08-17

Geographic coverage: Global

Time period: 1575-01-01--1630-12-31

This data collection contains individual-level biographical information for British members of Parliament and social and economic data pertaining to British investment and economic expansion in the period 1575-1630. The data provide information on name, social class, and date of knighthood for each member of British Parliament for the period. Also included are dates of the thirteen sessions of Parliament, and the names of the trading companies and company directors or governors.

Curated

Economic Behavior of the Affluent, 1964 (ICPSR 7429)

Released/updated on: 2010-03-02

Time period: 1964-01-01--1964-12-31

This study investigated high-income individuals in their roles as investors and workers. Questions were asked about savings objectives and investment policies, trust fund ownership, delegation of investment management, sources of information on investing, kinds of assets held, reasons for choosing particular assets, gifts and inheritances received, philanthropic giving and gifts to relatives, and capital gains and losses. Respondents' acquisition, handling, and expected disposition of assets were also explored, along with factors affecting portfolio decisions and the work effort of heads of households and their spouses. Finally, information was collected on occupation and work experience of both family head and spouse, family income and income patterns, and taxes and tax considerations, as well as structure and social characteristics of the family. Demographic data on respondents include sex, race, year of birth, marital status, number of dependents, level of education, religious preference, and political identification.

Curated

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM): Expert Questionnaire Data, 1999-2003 (ICPSR 21862)

Released/updated on: 2009-06-26

Geographic coverage: Singapore, Hong Kong, United States, China (Peoples Republic), Scotland, Thailand, Portugal, Iceland, Global, Greece, Netherlands, South Korea, Sweden, Ireland, Brazil, Slovenia, France, Chile, Croatia, Argentina, Hungary, Japan, United Kingdom, Northern Ireland, Switzerland, India, Spain, New Zealand, Canada, Venezuela, Belgium, Norway, Taiwan, Finland, Denmark, South Africa, Italy, Mexico, Uganda, Israel, Australia, Germany

Time period: 1999-01-01--2003-12-31

The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) was designed to capture various aspects of firm creation and entrepreneurship across countries. The data have been collected over a number of years (1998-2003) and include responses from 4,685 experts in over 38 countries and three subnational regions. This study seeks to measure the national attributes considered critical for new firm births and small firm growth. The dataset is a harmonized file capturing the results from all of the surveys. The expert, or key informant, questionnaire was improved and adjusted each year to increase the reliability of multi-item indices and provide for the addition of new dimensions. For each version of the questionnaire, respondents completed 70-80 standardized items that were the basis for 12-15 multi-item indices. Respondents were initially asked a series of general questions pertaining to starting a business, such as whether they were currently trying to start a new business, whether they knew anyone who had started a new business, and whether they thought it was a good time to do so. Respondents were also asked about the process of starting up a new business; whether they had done anything to start a new business in the past 12 months; whether they would own all, part, or none of the new business; how many people would be involved with the new business; what sort of business they were starting; and what they would sell. In addition, respondents identified the total start-up costs, the various sources of the start-up money, and why they were involved in the start-up. Respondents then answered a set of questions to assess the national conditions influencing entrepreneurial activity in their own country. In this respect, respondents provided their opinions on business and entrepreneurial education, the integration of new technology in businesses, the availability of financial support through government policies and programs, the availability of subcontractors, yearly changes in the economic market, and the physical infrastructure in their country. Views were also elicited from respondents about their national cultures in regard to entrepreneurial efforts and opportunities, attitudes towards entrepreneurs in general, women entrepreneurs and the resources available to them, and citizens' knowledge and experience with new businesses. They also gave their views on the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) legislation and its enforcement in their respective countries. Respondents were then queried on the technological strengths of their country by ranking the top five sectors in which there has been development of the greatest number of technology-intensive start-up companies in the past ten years. Finally, respondents were asked the same general questions as those used in the GLOBAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP MONITOR (GEM): ADULT POPULATION SURVEY DATA SET, 1998-2003 (ICPSR 20320) in order to ascertain whether the opinions and behaviors of the current "expert" respondents differ from those of the general population. These questions included whether they were starting a new business, if there were opportunities for new businesses, funding sources for a new business, skills required to start a new business, shutting down a business, and whether a fear of failure was preventing the start of a new business. The dataset also contains variables that describe the respondent's gender, age, educational attainment, labor force status, the entrepreneurial areas in which they feel they have strong expertise, and the month and year the survey was conducted.

Curated

Equity Financing of the Entrepreneurial Firm (ICPSR 1249)

Released/updated on: 2002-03-08

Geographic coverage: United States

Equity financing of entrepreneurial firms has achieved a rapid increase over the past decade. Venture capital funds, which finance privately held start-ups, raised a record $92.3 billion in 2000. This is a 30-fold increase relative to 1990. At Nasdaq, initial public offerings raised an all-time high of $53.6 billion in 2000, which is 24 times as much as in 1990. This article studies venture equity financing and equity financing through initial public offerings against the background of asymmetric information between the entrepreneur and the (outside) investor. The analysis shows that venture capital financing (1) is superior to initial public offerings when the entrepreneur has low initial wealth relative to the size of the project and (2) is equivalent otherwise. This result highlights the importance of private equity in financing entrepreneurial enterprises. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 allows banks to expand the scope of their activities in this arena. The act allows financial holding companies to provide equity financing to non-financial enterprises for up to ten years. In particular, the act defines a framework in which financial holding companies can sponsor private equity funds that may provide venture capital to entrepreneurial start-ups.

Curated

Voting Rights, Private Benefits, and Takeovers (ICPSR 1252)

Released/updated on: 2002-03-08

Geographic coverage: United States

This article analyzes the effects that institutional design of a firm has on the allocation of control over the firm's assets. The efficient allocation of control is a necessary condition for the optimal allocation of resources. Dynamic efficiency in resource allocation presupposes that control over firms will change hands when a given allocation becomes suboptimal. Typically, changes in control are brought about through (successful) tender offers or block trades. With regard to takeovers, a firm may have two types of value to consider: First, there is the public value of the firm, which is the market value of the firm's securities. Second, there may be a private value of the firm. The private value is the benefit an investor enjoys from exercising control over the firm. Private control benefits are most significant for entrepreneurial start-ups, for established family-owned businesses, and for organizations in which personal investors also pursue non-pecuniary goals, such as media groups or professional sports organizations. Of the legal arrangements identified in the finance literature, the most significant for wealth maximization in takeovers are the one share-one vote principle, majority rule, and mandatory tender offers. The authors analyze the implications of these three institutional arrangements in a simple textbook takeover model. The model helps in understanding the optimal design of a legal environment in which the market for corporate control promotes efficient allocation of capital.

Curated

Simple Model of Limited Stock Market Participation (ICPSR 1241)

Released/updated on: 2001-06-12

Geographic coverage: United States

Stocks have outperformed government bonds, on average, by a large margin in historical data. However, most United States households do not own stocks, either directly or indirectly. Also, stocks are highly concentrated in the hands of relatively few wealthy people. In this article, the author describes some aspects of stock ownership. He then uses an overlapping-generations model to help explain why stock market participation is so limited and discusses some implications of limited stock market participation.