Showing 1 – 50 of 75 results.
Self-published
How to survive in a protectionist world? (ICPSR 251046)
Released/updated on: 2026-07-02
Geographic coverage: Switzerland
Time period: 1886-01-01--1913-12-31
This article examines the diversity of protectionist forms that underpinned Switzerland's successful international integration during the first globalization (1886-1913). While the literature on the tariff-growth paradox has largely treated commercial policy as a homogeneous macroeconomic phenomenon, this article argues that Swiss protectionism was inherently sectoral and diverse, and that this diversity resulted from a deliberate political construction rooted in the organized capitalism that emerged in Switzerland during this period. The analysis combines qualitative institutional analysis of Swiss archival material with quantitative analysis based on bootstrap-corrected Granger causality tests and Impulse Response Functions, applied to an original database constructed from Swiss customs registers and disaggregated into 14 sectors and 12 subsectors. We show that the interaction between the interests of the dominant social bloc and those of the federal government gave rise to different form of protectionism, depending on the industries concerned and the objectives pursued. The article extends the existing typology of protectionism by identifying two new modalities specific to the Swiss case—"downstream pressure" and "crowding-out" protectionism – alongside a two-phase distinction within infant industry protection. It further demonstrates that the relationship between commercial and industrial policy is bidirectional and sector-specific, thereby invalidating any single-dimensional reading of Swiss protectionism.
Self-published
Commercial Hysteresis: Persistence and Reorganization in Europe’s Bilateral Trade Geography during the Great Depression (ICPSR 247132)
Released/updated on: 2026-03-25
Geographic coverage: Other: Europe
Time period: 1927-01-01--1938-12-31
This paper examines whether the Great Depression fundamentally remapped Europe’s bilateral trade geography or whether pre-crisis partner structures remained durable through the 1930s. Using a newly constructed bilateral trade panel for twenty-one European countries, 1927–1938, it studies persistence and reallocation in bilateral trade relations. The results show strong continuity: by 1937, partner rankings still resembled those of 1928, and most countries retained at least two pre-crisis core partners. Yet post-1931 shocks weakened inherited structures, especially on the import side. Germany became a distinctive focal partner within this selective reorganization. Interwar Europe thus exhibited commercial hysteresis rather than wholesale remapping.
Self-published
An Analytical Framework for Causal Decision-Making in International Trade (ICPSR 236041)
Released/updated on: 2025-10-21
Geographic coverage: Colombia
Time period: 2023-01-01--2023-12-31
Data for the paper "An Analytical Framework for Causal Decision-Making in International Trade"
Abstract:
In international trade, selecting an Incoterm is a critical decision that directly impacts a firm's costs and risks. Previous quantitative studies have relied on traditional econometric models with restrictive assumptions, limiting their ability to provide causal insights for decision-making. This paper addresses this gap by developing and applying a causal inference framework to empirically evaluate the key determinants of this choice for Colombian exporting firms. Our methodology integrates directed acyclic graphs to model causal assumptions, uses nested cross-validated random forests to capture nonlinear relationships, and employs the G-computation formula to estimate robust causal effects. Our results indicate that the selection of Incoterms is primarily driven by transactional characteristics, specifically cargo type, shipment weight, and value. For example, the transition from bulk to containerized cargo is associated with a 13.4 percentage-point increase in the probability of opting for an E/F group term (e.g., FOB or FCA).. We also identify nonlinear effects for shipment weight and value, where E/F terms become ignificantly more probable only after a shipment surpasses a certain size threshold a pattern missed by prior linear models. Relational factors are also influential; sharing a common language with a trade partners has a significant causal effect, increasing the probability of using E/F terms by 6.5 percentage points. This research provides a data-driven framework for strategic Incoterm selection, enabling managers to align their choices with specific shipment characteristics and offering practical recommendations for logistics providers and policymakers.
Self-published
ECIN Replication Package for "Linguistic Fractionalization, Trade, and Welfare" (ICPSR 216761)
Released/updated on: 2025-05-26
This archive contains the data and code files used to conduct the analysis in "Linguistic Fractionalization, Trade, and Welfare" by Gurevich, Herman, Toubal, and Yotov.
Self-published
International Trade and Labor Reallocation: Misclassification Errors, Mobility, and Switching Costs (ICPSR 215481)
Released/updated on: 2025-01-14
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1972-01-01--1997-12-31
PSID data used in
"International Trade and Labor Reallocation: Misclassification Errors, Mobility, and Switching Costs", by Maximiliano Dvorkin
Forthcoming at the Review of Economic and Statistics/
Abstract:
International trade has rapidly increased in the past decades, affecting production and labor demand across various economic sectors. The impact of trade on employment and welfare relies heavily on data about worker reallocation, which often contains coding errors. This study demonstrates that such errors bias the estimated effects of trade and structural parameters in standard models. An econometric framework is developed to estimate misclassification probabilities, correct mobility matrices, and structural parameters. The findings reveal that the true effects of trade shocks differ significantly from those estimated using uncorrected data, highlighting the importance of addressing coding errors in economic analyses.
Self-published
ECIN Replication Package for "Reducing the Replication Time for Structural Estimations: a Successful Replication of “An Anatomy of International Trade” using GPU Computing" (ICPSR 208329)
Released/updated on: 2024-09-06
This is a replication package accompanying the article ”Reducing the Replication Time for Structural Estimations: a Successful Replication of “An Anatomy of International Trade” using GPU Computing". Eaton, Kortum, and Kramarz 2011 (EKK) discovered empirical patterns from French manufacturing firms that a baseline firm heterogeneity model could not explain. The authors proposed and estimated a model that closely matches the patterns observed in French data. This paper successfully replicates their findings using author-provided data, re-implementing their algorithms in Python and leveraging GPU computing to significantly boost computational speed. Applying the model to Chinese manufacturing data, despite differences in context, showed that the model explains most observed patterns well.
Self-published
Income inequality and export-oriented commercialisation in colonial Africa: evidence from six countries (ICPSR 194503)
Released/updated on: 2023-10-16
Geographic coverage: Other: Africa, Senegal, Botswana, Uganda, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya
Time period: 1914-01-01--1969-12-31
Limited knowledge of African historical inequality trajectories hampers our understanding of inequality outcomes today and leads to a major omission in debates about global inequality. Economies in colonial Africa were characterized by a process of export-oriented commercialization. We hypothesize that this process itself, the capital intensity of the commodities produced, and the relative importance of European and Asian expatriates and settlers in the economy shaped heterogeneous inequality outcomes. We evaluate these hypotheses using 33 social tables from six predominately agricultural countries, between 1914 and 1969. Social tables capture income across the full distribution, aggregated in classes. We assess and improve the commensurability of the different social tables. We use different inequality metrics, and find that Gini and Theil coefficients and Inequality Extraction Ratios rose over time. Gini coefficients moved in conjunction with the real value of commodity exports per capita. Using Theil decompositions, we observe a trade-off between inequality among African classes on the one hand, and among non-Africans and between races, on the other. Whenever present, non-Africans indirectly captured a large share of the export profits. Inequality patterns towards the end of the period suggest that capital-intensive commodities were associated with higher levels of inequality in the agricultural sector.
Self-published
ECIN Replication Package for "Global Digital Platforms, Technology Transfer and FDI Policies in Two-Sided Markets" (ICPSR 179041)
Released/updated on: 2022-10-31
Geographic coverage: South America, Middle East, Asia, Africa, North America
Time period: 2009-01-01--2020-12-31
Code and data for the paper titled: "Global Digital Platforms, Technology Transfer and FDI Policies in Two-Sided Markets". This paper examines the preferences of a foreign firm and a host country government over two modes of FDI in two-sided markets: de novo entry (through the establishment of a new platform) and acquisition of the domestic incumbent platform. Technology transfer, cross-side network externalities and platform service differentiation determine the ranking of the host country welfare gains and the entrant’s profits under the two entry modes. In the case where the foreign entrant and the host government disagree over the entry modes ranking, asymmetric foreign equity restrictions can induce the welfare-optimal choice of the entry mode by the foreign firm.
Self-published
The CAFTA-DR Free Trade Agreement – Analyzing Its Effects in a Modern Gravity Framework (ICPSR 139641)
Released/updated on: 2022-10-15
Time period: 1995-01-01--2019-12-31
We study the effects of the Dominican Republic - Central America - United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), signed in 2004, on the trade flows of its member states. Relying on the structural gravity model of trade framework, we find evidence of both increases and decreases in members' bilateral trade, but also of significant differences in these effects depending on the direction of trade and the trading members. Using a counterfactual analysis, we are also able to measure the general equilibrium effects of CAFTA-DR, finding that it has, in general, increased both total exports and income levels for El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. However, we also find evidence of sizable trade diversion and welfare losses for Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic.
Self-published
Asia's Silver Absorption through the Triangular Settlement System over 1846-70 (ICPSR 161201)
Released/updated on: 2022-02-02
Geographic coverage: Asia
Time period: 1846-01-01--1870-12-31
This is the replication package for the Figures in Kobayashi 2022, "Asia's Silver Absorption through the Triangular Settlement System, 1846-70", the Journal of Economic History (June 2022).
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
ANES 2020 Time Series Study (ICPSR 38034)
Released/updated on: 2021-07-13
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2020-08-18--2020-11-03, 2020-11-03--2021-01-04
This study is part of the American National Election Study (ANES), a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The American National Election Studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. As with all Time Series studies conducted during years of presidential elections, respondents were interviewed during the two months preceding the November election (Pre-election interview), and then re-interviewed during the two months following the election (Post-election interview). Like its predecessors, the 2020 ANES was divided between questions necessary for tracking long-term trends and questions necessary to understand the particular political moment of 2020. The study maintains and extends the ANES time-series 'core' by collecting data on Americans' basic political beliefs, allegiances, and behaviors, which are so critical to a general understanding of politics that they are monitored at every election, no matter the nature of the specific campaign or the broader setting. This 2020 ANES study features a fresh cross-sectional sample, with respondents randomly assigned to one of three sequential mode groups: web only, mixed web (i.e., web and phone), and mixed video (i.e., video, web, and phone). The new content for the 2020 pre-election survey includes coronavirus pandemic, election integrity, corruption, impeachment, immigration and democratic norms. The pre-election survey also includes protests and unrest over policing and racism. The new content for the 2020 post-election survey includes voting experiences, anti-elitism, faith in experts or science, climate change, gun control, opioids, rural-urban identity, international trade, transgender military service, social media usage, misinformation, perceptions of foreign countries and group empathy. Phone and video interviews were conducted by trained interviewers using computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) software on computers. Unlike in earlier years, the 2020 ANES did not use computer-assisted self interviewing (CASI) during any part of the interviewer-administered modes (video and phone). Rather, in interviewer-administered modes, all questions were read out loud to respondents, and respondents also provided their answers orally. Demographic variables include respondent age, education level, political affiliation, race/ethnicity, marital status, and family composition.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
2017 Chicago Council Survey of American Public Opinion on U.S. Foreign Policy (ICPSR 37970)
Released/updated on: 2021-06-21
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2017-01-01--2017-12-31
The 2017 Chicago Council Survey continues the Chicago Council on Global Affairs' series of investigations into American public opinion on United States foreign policy. These studies were conducted quadrennially from 1974 to 2002, biennially from 2002 to 2014, and are now conducted annually. They are designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public on matters related to foreign policy, and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. This public opinion study of the United States focused on respondents' opinions of the United States' leadership role in the world and the challenges the country faces domestically and internationally. Data were collected on a wide range of international topics, including: United States' relations with other countries, role in foreign affairs, possible threats to vital interests in the next ten years, foreign policy goals, international trade, the United States' participation in potential treaties, the United States' commitment to NATO, the basing of American troops abroad, policy towards the conflict in Syria, and the United States' relations with other countries. Respondents were also asked their opinion on US institutions, the US president, and federal government programs. Demographic information collected includes age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, left-right political self-placement, political affiliation, employment status, highest level of education, religious preference, household income, state of residence, and living quarters ownership status.
Self-published
Inequality in late colonial Indonesia: new evidence on regional differences (ICPSR 130624)
Released/updated on: 2021-01-14
Geographic coverage: Brunei, Myanmar, Vietnam, Singapore, Cambodia, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, Indonesia
Time period: 1920-01-01--1930-12-31
This paper adds to a growing literature that charts and explains inequality levels in pre-industrial societies. On the basis of a wide variety of primary documents, the degree of inequality is estimated for 32 different residencies, the largest administrative units and comparable to present-day provinces, of late colonial Indonesia. Four different measures of inequality (the Gini, Theil, Inequality Extraction Rate and Top Income Rate) are employed that show consistent results. Variation in inequality levels across late colonial Indonesia is very large, and some residencies have much higher levels of inequality (with, for example, Ginis above 60) than others (with Ginis below 30). This suggests that even within a single colony, levels of inequality may vary substantially and this puts some doubts on the representativeness of using a single number to capture the level of inequality in a large economy. In order to explain the variation across residencies and over time, this paper investigates the role of exports and plantations, so frequently mentioned in the literature. It is shown that both explain a part of the variation in levels of inequality across colonial Indonesia, but that only the rise of plantations can explain changes in inequality levels over time. This points to the importance of the institutional context in which global export trade takes place for the rise of inequality.
Self-published
Upstart Industrialization and Exports: Evidence from Japan, 1880–1910 (ICPSR 105080)
Released/updated on: 2018-07-27
Geographic coverage: Japan
Time period: 1880-01-01--1910-12-31
This is a replication package for the paper titled "Upstart Industrialization and Exports: Evidence from Japan, 1880–1910". The paper was published by the Journal of Economic History in 2018. The main file is a stata .do file. (ICPSR Replication- Meissner - Tang Upstart Industrialization - JEH - 092019.do) We used Stata 15 to create all Stata files. Running this .do file will create results from all tables and figures in the paper. The code from each table and figure is commented in the .do file. There are many auxiliary files that must be called. These can be found in the associated .zip file. There is one excel file included in the zip archive "Japan_trade_tables_figures-JEH-Meissner-Tang-Japan.xlsx" which has versions of the published tables and figures with a few other results not published in tabular form in the paper.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
2016 Chicago Council Survey of American Public Opinion on U.S. Foreign Policy (ICPSR 36806)
Released/updated on: 2018-04-13
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2016-01-01--2016-12-31
The 2016 Chicago Council Survey continues the Chicago Council on Global Affairs' series of investigations into American public opinion on US foreign policy. These studies were conducted quadrennially from 1974 to 2002, biennially from 2002 to 2014, and are now conducted annually. They are designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public on matters related to foreign policy, and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. This public opinion study of the United States focused on respondents' opinions of the United States' leadership role in the world and the challenges the country faces domestically and internationally. Data were collected on a wide range of international topics, including: United States' relations with other countries, role in foreign affairs, possible threats to vital interests in the next ten years, foreign policy goals, international trade, the United States' participation in potential treaties, the United States' commitment to NATO, the basing of American troops abroad, policy towards the conflict in Syria, and the United States' relations in Asia. Respondents were also asked their opinion on domestic issues including climate change and US immigration policy. Demographic information collected includes age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, left-right political self-placement, political affiliation, employment status, highest level of education, religious preference, household income, state of residence, living quarters ownership status, and specifics about the metropolitan area in which they live.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Euro-barometer 15: Membership in the European Community, April 1981 (ICPSR 7959)
Released/updated on: 2017-03-27
Geographic coverage: Greece, Netherlands, Great Britain, Belgium, Europe, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany, Global
Time period: 1981-04-01--1981-04-30
This round of Euro-Barometer surveys queried respondents on standard Euro-Barometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, and whether they discussed political matters. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the European Community (EC), including whether their country had benefited from being an EC member, and the extent of their personal interest in EC matters. Another major focus of the surveys was membership in the EC. Respondents were asked about the effects of EC membership on such matters as energy, employment, trade, tourism, and relations between nations. Respondents also were asked for opinions on various EC policies. Television viewing habits and interest in French culture were also measured for a subset of respondents in Great Britain, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Italy. Demographic information about respondents includes age, sex, marital status, number of persons and children living in respondent's home, family income, occupation, age upon completion of full-time education, occupation of head of household, left-right self placement, size of town where respondent lives, and number of people working at respondent's workplace. Indices are included as created by the original investigators. Euro-Barometer 15 contains data gathered from representative samples of respondents who were interviewed in each of the ten nations of the EC (Germany, Great Britain, Denmark, Italy, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Greece) in April 1981.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
2015 Chicago Council Survey of American Public Opinion and U.S. Foreign Policy (ICPSR 36437)
Released/updated on: 2016-07-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2015-01-01--2015-12-31
The Chicago Council Surveys are part of a long-running series of public opinion surveys conducted by The Chicago Council on Global Affairs beginning in 1974. They were conducted quadrennially from 1974 to 2002, biennially from 2002 to 2014, and are now conducted annually. The surveys are designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public on matters related to foreign policy, and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. This public opinion study of the United States focused on respondents' opinions of the United States' leadership role in the world and the challenges the country faces domestically and internationally. Data were collected on a wide range of international topics, including: United States' relations with other countries, role in foreign affairs, possible threats to vital interests in the next ten years, foreign policy goals, situations that might justify the use of United States troops in other parts of the world, international trade, United States' participation in potential treaties, U.S. policy towards Russia in Ukraine, the embargo on Cuba and the effects of renewed diplomatic relations with Havana, views of the nuclear deal with Iran and what effects that deal is likely to have, and United States' relations with allies in Asia. Respondents were also asked their opinion on domestic issues including climate change, measures to improve the United States' economic competitiveness, and their views on US immigration policy. Demographic information collected includes age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, left-right political self-placement, political affiliation, employment status, highest level of education, and religious preference, household income, state of residence, and living quarters ownership status.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
2012 Chicago Council Survey on American Public Opinion and Foreign Policy (ICPSR 36230)
Released/updated on: 2015-12-07
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2012-01-01--2012-12-31
The Chicago Surveys are part of a long-running series of public opinion surveys conducted by The Chicago Council on Global Affairs every two years. This study is the 2012 Chicago Council Survey, designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public on matters related to foreign policy, and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate.
The 2012 Chicago Council Survey focuses on respondents' opinions of the United States' leadership role in the world and the challenges the country faces domestically and internationally.
The survey covers the following international topics: relations with other countries, role in foreign affairs, possible threats to vital interests in the next ten years, foreign policy goals, benefits or drawbacks of globalization, situations that might justify the use of United States troops in other parts of the world, the number and location of United States military bases overseas, respondent feelings toward people of other countries, opinions on the influence of other countries in the world and how much influence those countries should have, United States participation in potential treaties, the United States' role in the United Nations and NATO, which side the United States should take in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, what measures should be taken to deal with Iran's nuclear program, the military effort in Afghanistan, opinions on efforts to combat terrorism, and the rise of China as a global power.
Domestic issues include economic prospects for American children when they become adults, funding for government programs, the fairness of the current distribution of income in the United States, climate change, greenhouse gas emissions, and United States dependence on foreign energy sources.
Demographic and other background information include age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, left-right political self-placement, political affiliation, employment status, highest level of education, and religious preference. Also included are household size and composition, whether the respondent is head of household, household income, housing type, ownership status of living quarters, household Internet access, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status, and region and state of residence.
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Simple Crosstabs
Chicago Council Survey of American Public Opinion and U.S. Foreign Policy, 2014 (ICPSR 36216)
Released/updated on: 2015-08-06
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2014-04-24--2014-05-29
The Chicago Surveys are part of a long-running series of public opinion surveys conducted by The Chicago Council on Global Affairs every two years. The surveys are designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public on matters related to foreign policy, and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. This public opinion study of the United States focused on respondents' opinions of the United States' leadership role in the world and the challenges the country faces domestically and internationally. Data were collected on a wide range of international topics, including: United States relations with other countries, role in foreign affairs, possible threats to vital interests in the next ten years, foreign policy goals, benefits or drawbacks of globalization, situations that might justify the use of United States troops in other parts of the world, the number and location of United States military bases overseas, respondent feelings toward people of other countries, opinions on the influence of other countries in the world and how much influence those countries should have, international trade, United States participation in potential treaties, the United States' role in the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, which side the United States should take in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and what measures should be taken to deal with Iran's nuclear program. Respondents were also asked their opinion on domestic issues including funding for various government programs, climate change, measures to address the United States' dependence on foreign energy sources, and their views of various groups' influence on United States policy. Demographic information collected include age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, left-right political self-placement, political affiliation, employment status, highest level of education, and religious preference, household income, state of residence, and living quarters ownership status.
Curated
Simple Crosstabs
Direction of Trade (ICPSR 7628)
Released/updated on: 2014-10-23
Geographic coverage: South America, Papua New Guinea, Cambodia, Paraguay, Kazakhstan, Syria, Solomon Islands, Bahamas, Gibralter, Montserrat, Mali, Marshall Islands, Panama, Guadeloupe, Laos, Argentina, Falkland Islands, Africa, Seychelles, Zambia, Belize, Bahrain, Guinea-Bissau, Namibia, Finland, Comoros, Faroe Islands, Netherlands Antilles, Yemen, Eritrea, China (Peoples Republic), Madagascar, Aruba, Ivory Coast, Libya, Western Samoa, Sweden, Malawi, Poland, Jordan, Bulgaria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Tuvalu, Kenya, French Polynesia, Lebanon, Djibouti, Brunei, Azerbaijan, Cuba, Czech Republic, Mauritania, Saint Lucia, Israel, San Marino, Australia, Soviet Union, Tajikistan, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Bermuda Islands, Malaysia, North America, Iceland, Global, Oman, Armenia, Gabon, Yugoslavia, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Slovenia, Antigua and Barbuda, Ecuador, Colombia, Moldova, Vanuatu, Italy, Honduras, Micronesia (Federated States), Nauru, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Singapore, French Guiana, American Samoa, Russia, Netherlands, Martinique, Kyrgyzstan, Reunion, Bhutan, Romania, Togo, Philippines, Uzbekistan, Asia, Democratic Republic of Congo, British Virgin Islands, Zimbabwe, Pacific Ocean, Indonesia, Dominica, Benin, Angola, Sudan, East Timor, Portugal, New Caledonia, North Korea, Grenada, Greece, Cayman Islands, Mongolia, Latvia, Morocco, Iran, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Guatemala, Guyana, Iraq, Chile, Nepal, Georgia (Republic), Ukraine, Tanzania, Ghana, Anguilla, India, Canada, Maldives, Turkey, Belgium, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Turkmenistan, Germany, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), Fiji, Hong Kong, United States, Guinea, Chad, Somalia, Sao Tome and Principe, Thailand, Equatorial Guinea, Kiribati, Costa Rica, Pitcairn Island, Kuwait, Nigeria, Croatia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, Cook Islands, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Spain, Palestine, Liberia, Venezuela, Burkina Faso, Swaziland, Palau, Estonia, Gaza Strip, Wallis and Futuna, South Korea, Austria, Mozambique, El Salvador, Guam, Lesotho, Tonga, Hungary, Japan, Europe, Belarus, Mauritius, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Macedonia, Ethiopia, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Malta, Wake Island, Saudi Arabia, Cape Verde, Pakistan, Gambia, Ireland, Qatar, Slovakia, France, Lithuania, Saint Kitts-Nevis, Niger, Rwanda, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Barbados, Norway, Botswana, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Macao, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Suriname, Saint Helena, Greenland
Time period: 1948-01-01--1998-12-31
These time series data supply detailed information on imports and exports for various countries and geographical areas of the world. Countries are grouped into three main categories: (1) Industrial Countries, (2) Developing Countries, and (3) USSR, Eastern Europe, etc. Along with data from reporting countries, estimates are provided by partner countries for nonreporting countries or for those that are slow to report. A subset of these data (Part 4), containing annual data from 1948 to 1978, is available as well.
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Simple Crosstabs
Eurobarometer 74.1: Poverty and Social Exclusion, Mobile Phone Use, Economic Crisis, and International Trade, August-September 2010 (ICPSR 34222)
Released/updated on: 2013-07-02
Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Spain, Czech Republic, Belgium, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia
Time period: 2010-08-26--2010-09-22
This round of Eurobarometer surveys diverged from the Standard Eurobarometer measures and queried respondents on the following major areas of focus: (1) poverty and social exclusion, (2) mobile phone use, (3) economic crisis, and (4) international trade. For the first major area of focus, poverty and social exclusion, the survey queried respondents about their own definition of poverty, the extent of poverty and homelessness in their area, and whether or not respondents believed poverty had increased in their area and elsewhere. Respondents were queried about what necessities people must be able to afford to meet a minimal acceptable living standard, who is most at risk for poverty, as well as the social, political, and personal causes of poverty and homelessness. Respondents were also asked about how poverty impacts peoples' chances of completing certain activities, such as getting a good education or finding a job. Respondents were then asked whether or not they trust the European Union (EU), their governments, charities, other citizens, and miscellaneous institutions to effectively respond to poverty. Respondents were also asked to whom they assign primary responsibility for reducing or preventing poverty, what policies their governments should focus on in the future in the effort to help people out of poverty, and whether or not respondents approved of their government's existing anti-poverty measures. Respondents were also queried about their perception of social tensions between groups, and about what they have done personally to help poor people. Additionally, respondents were queried about their own living conditions, satisfaction with life, ability to keep a job, efforts to fight poverty, finances, and their own risk of falling into poverty. For the second major area of focus, mobile phone use, the survey asked respondents about whether or not they owned a mobile phone, their mobile phone use in other EU countries, and the cost of cellular phone service in those countries. For the third major area of focus, economic crisis, the survey questioned respondents about the degree to which the crisis personally affected them, how the crisis affected the EU and its policy efforts, who should bear responsibility for the crisis, who should bear the burden of response to the crisis, and how the European Parliament and other bodies should respond to the crisis. For the fourth major area of focus, international trade, the survey queried respondents on whether they pay attention to the country of origin for products they purchase, how trade impacts respondents and their countries, what European Union trade policy should be going into the future, and the European Union's international economic standing. Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status and parental relations, left-right political self-placement, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or a mobile telephone and other durable goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).
Curated
Economic Integration Agreements: Historical database of entry into Economic Integration Agreements, 1960-2000 (ICPSR 29762)
Released/updated on: 2011-05-17
Geographic coverage: Europe, Global
Time period: 1960-01-01--2000-12-31
This database is designed to allow users to quickly sort, file, and use information regarding the economic integration of bilateral country pairings. The primary resource is in the Excel file titled "Final Document June 30, 2009".
Curated
CBS News/New York Times National Survey, June 3-6, 1991 (ICPSR 9863)
Released/updated on: 2011-01-21
Time period: 1991-06-03--1991-06-06
In addition to providing an ongoing evaluation of the Bush presidency, this survey polled respondents on a variety of social and political topics including political parties, economics, racism, the Persian Gulf War, patriotism, Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet Union, China, and health care policy. Respondents were asked whether they approved of George Bush's handling of the presidency, foreign policy, and the economy. Detailed queries on political topics included items on the most important problem facing the country and the party that could best handle it, and the party best able to control unemployment, reduce the federal deficit, keep the United States out of war, deal with foreign economic competition, and insure the prosperity of the country. Respondents were also asked which party was more concerned with the needs of people like themselves, which was more likely to make sure that United States military defenses are strong and that children get a better education in the public schools, which was more likely to improve the health care system, which party favored the rich, the middle class, and the poor, which party cared more about the needs and problems of women, men, Blacks, and Whites, and which was more likely to waste tax money. Economic questions focused on whether trade restrictions were necessary to protect domestic industries, what the condition of the national economy was, whether the United States was in an economic recession, and whether the economy was getting better. Questions concerning racism asked whether preference should be given to hiring Blacks where there had been discrimination in the past, whether preferential hiring or promotion of Blacks hurts Whites, and whether the respondent had ever been discriminated against. Questions focusing on the Persian Gulf War included whether the war to defeat Iraq was worth the cost, whether the results of the war would make the chance for peace in the Middle East more likely, whether the United States should have stopped fighting when Iraqi troops left Kuwait or continued fighting Iraq until Saddam Hussein was removed from power, if the respondent felt proud about what the United States had done in the Persian Gulf, and whether the United States made a mistake by getting involved in the war against Iraq. Other questions examined how patriotic the respondent felt, whether people were more patriotic, and whether politicians talk about patriotism as a means of winning votes. Respondents were also asked whether their opinion of Mikhail Gorbachev was favorable, whether they favored helping the Soviet Union reform its economy by providing economic aid, whether it was more important to criticize China's suppression of human rights or to maintain good relations with China, and whether China should receive the same trading privileges as other friendly nations. Questions regarding specific health policies included whether abortion should be available to all or be available with stricter limits, whether the government should require employers to make health insurance available, and whether the respondent favored or opposed national health insurance. Respondents were asked how much they thought they knew about AIDS, whether the United States should keep people who have tested positive for AIDS from entering the country, whether there had been a lot of discrimination against people with AIDS, whether they had sympathy for those who have the disease, what age children should be told about AIDS and the specific ways to prevent transmitting it, if the government should require health care workers to be tested for AIDS, whether the respondent had changed his/her sexual habits due to fear of getting AIDS, and whether the respondent knew someone who had the disease or who had died from it. Background information includes the respondent's voting behavior in the 1988 presidential election, party affiliation, political orientation, voter registration status, age, race, religion, education, marital status, parental status, employment, and family income.
Curated
CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll, February 1988 (ICPSR 9101)
Released/updated on: 2011-01-05
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1988-02-17--1988-02-21
This data collection is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that evaluates the Reagan presidency and solicits opinions on a variety of political and social issues. Topics covered include the national economy, how much attention the United States pays to what other countries think, foreign imports and Japanese competition, the breakdown of moral standards in the country over the last 20 years, and the respondent's vote preference in the 1984 presidential election. In addition, respondents were queried about their views on the candidates for the 1988 presidential election. Questions asked of respondents include whether they had a favorable or unfavorable opinion of the various presidential candidates, whom their party should nominate for president, which candidate had the best chance of winning the November election, and which candidate cared most about the needs of people like the respondent. Background information on individuals includes party affiliation, age, union membership, income, sex, religious preference, education, and race.
Curated
Eurobarometer 55.1: Globalization and Humanitarian Aid, April-May 2001 (ICPSR 3361)
Released/updated on: 2010-06-29
Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany
Time period: 2001-04-12--2001-05-23
This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present lives, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, and whether they discussed political matters. Additional questions focused on respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the European Union (EU), including how well informed they felt about the EU, what sources of information about the EU they used, and whether their country had benefited from being an EU member. Another major focus of the surveys was globalization. Respondents were asked about the effects of globalization and trade liberalization, whether the EU was in favor of international free trade, and which institution should take the effects of globalization under control. Those polled presented their knowledge of the World Trade Organization, gave their opinions about who was the largest exporter of products and services in the world, specified the aspects of trade negotiations that should be considered by the EU, and commented on whether it was good that the EU negotiated international trade issues on behalf of all EU member states. Humanitarian aid was another major topic of the surveys. Respondents were queried as to which institutions funding humanitarian aid they knew about, how well informed they felt about the Humanitarian Aid Office (ECHO), which sources of information about ECHO they used, whether European citizens should be informed about aid activities funded by the EU, and, if so, what sorts of information should be available. Questions were also posed regarding whether it was important to fund humanitarian aid activities outside the EU, whether humanitarian aid was more effective when provided by each government separately or by the EU collectively, and whether the EU should increase its spending on humanitarian aid activities. Those polled were also asked about the single European currency, effects of the EU enlargement, common EU foreign policy and defense and security policy, whether the EU should have a constitution, what languages they spoke, and how often they watched news on TV, read news in papers, and listened to news on the radio. Demographic and other background information provided includes respondent's age, gender, nationality, marital status, left-right political self-placement, occupation, age at completion of education, household income, region of residence, and subjective size of community.
Curated
Soft Power in Asia Survey, 2008 (ICPSR 25342)
Released/updated on: 2010-04-05
Geographic coverage: South Korea, United States, Asia, Japan, China (Peoples Republic), Global, Indonesia, Vietnam (Socialist Republic)
Time period: 2008-01-16--2008-03-08
This multicountry public opinion survey, conducted by the Chicago Council on Global Affairs in collaboration with the East Asia Institute (South Korea), examines the current and potential use of soft power in East Asia. This survey aimed to refine the concept of soft power, operationalize it into a measurable scientific variable, and contribute to the building of a database on soft power in Asia. For this survey, respondents were asked to examine topics such as the attractiveness of different national cultures and values, the effectiveness of nations as regional leaders and problem-solvers, the affinity of nations as trade partners, levels of human capital, attractiveness of educational institutions, and the emergence of regional identities. Participants also gave their opinions about the growing economic and political integration in East Asia and the impact this has on underlying regional tensions, including how likely there would be a military conflict in East Asia in the next ten years. Similarly, respondents answered queries regarding the economic, military, and political influence of China, Japan, and the United States in Southeast Asia, China and the United States as military threats to each other, China's rise as a leader in Asia, and the military presence of the United States in Asia. Further questions asked about the creation of a free trade area in China, Japan and South Korea, trade and investment among these nations, preferred economic systems, countries' willingness to promote democracy and human rights internationally, the use of diplomacy, and the respect for rule of law and sovereignty of other nations. Finally, participants gave their views on the leadership of international organizations, and the influence of one country's popular culture on another.
Curated
CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll #1, April 2009 (ICPSR 26946)
Released/updated on: 2010-03-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2009-04-01--2009-04-30
This poll, fielded April 1-5, 2009, is a part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way Barack Obama was handling the presidency and issues such as the economy and foreign policy. A series of questions addressed the Obama Administration's approach to solving economic problems and whether the administration's policies favored the rich, the middle class, or the poor. Respondents gave their opinions of First Lady Michelle Obama, the United States Congress, the Republican and Democratic parties, and whether President Obama or the Republicans in Congress were more likely to make the right decisions about the national economy and national security. Views were sought on President Obama's proposed budget plan, including changes in federal income taxes and government spending, and proposals to give financial assistance to the banking and automotive industries. A series of questions addressed the condition of the national economy, the most important economic problem facing the nation, the financial situation of the respondent's household, and how the recession was affecting their life. Respondents compared their current standard of living with that of their parents at the same age and gave their expectations about the standard of living of their children. Other questions asked respondents what the phrase "American dream" meant to them and whether they had achieved the "American dream" or expected to in their lifetime. Additional topics addressed the bonuses given to AIG insurance company executives, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, international trade, health insurance coverage, and government spending on cancer research. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, education level, marital status, household income, employment status, perceived social class, political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter registration status and participation history, religious preference, whether respondents had children under the age of 18 years, and whether respondents considered themselves to be a born-again Christian.
Curated
Correlates of War Project: International Trade Data, 1870-2006 (ICPSR 24385)
Released/updated on: 2010-03-08
Geographic coverage: Benin, Papua New Guinea, Angola, Cambodia, Sudan, East Timor, Paraguay, Kazakhstan, Portugal, Syria, Solomon Islands, North Korea, Bahamas, Grenada, Greece, Mongolia, Latvia, Morocco, Iran, Mali, Marshall Islands, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Panama, Guatemala, Guyana, Iraq, Chile, Laos, Nepal, Argentina, Ukraine, Tanzania, Seychelles, Zambia, Ghana, Belize, Bahrain, India, Canada, Guinea-Bissau, Maldives, Turkey, Belgium, Namibia, Taiwan, Finland, Comoros, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Georgia, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Turkmenistan, Germany, Yemen, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), Eritrea, Fiji, United States, Guinea, China (Peoples Republic), Chad, Somalia, Sao Tome and Principe, Madagascar, Ivory Coast, Thailand, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Western Samoa, Kiribati, Costa Rica, Sweden, Malawi, Andorra, Liechtenstein, Poland, Kuwait, Jordan, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Croatia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, Tuvalu, Kenya, Switzerland, Spain, Lebanon, Djibouti, Brunei, Liberia, Azerbaijan, Cuba, Venezuela, Czech Republic, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Saint Lucia, Swaziland, Palau, Israel, San Marino, Australia, Tajikistan, Estonia, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Malaysia, Iceland, Global, Oman, Armenia, Gabon, South Korea, Austria, Yugoslavia, Mozambique, El Salvador, Monaco, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Slovenia, Lesotho, Tonga, Antigua and Barbuda, Ecuador, Colombia, Hungary, Japan, Moldova, Belarus, Mauritius, Albania, New Zealand, Vanuatu, Senegal, Italy, Honduras, Macedonia, Micronesia (Federated States), Nauru, Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Singapore, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Russia, Malta, Saudi Arabia, Cape Verde, Netherlands, Pakistan, Gambia, Ireland, Qatar, Slovakia, France, Lithuania, Kyrgyzstan, Saint Kitts-Nevis, Bhutan, Romania, Togo, Niger, Philippines, Rwanda, Uzbekistan, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Barbados, Norway, Democratic Republic of Congo, Botswana, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Suriname, Indonesia, Dominica
Time period: 1870-01-01--2006-12-31
The International Trade (v2.01) data compiled by the Correlates of War Project is the result of the effort to code trade flows between states (as defined by the Project) for the period 1870-2006. The data include information on both bilateral trade flows and total national imports and exports. Four data files are included with this collection: (1) dyadic trade statistics, (2) national trade statistics, and (3) and (4) supplementary information about dyadic and national trade statistics.
Curated
Do Donors Care About Declining Trade Revenue From Liberalization? An Analysis of Bilateral Aid Allocation (ICPSR 26182)
Released/updated on: 2009-11-19
Geographic coverage: United States
Many developing-country governments rely heavily on trade tax revenue. Therefore, trade liberalization can be a potential source of significant fiscal instability and may affect government spending on development activities - at least in the short run. This article investigates whether donors use aid to compensate recipient nations for lost trade revenue or perhaps to reward them for moving toward freer trade regimes. The authors do not find empirical evidence supporting such motives. This is of some concern because binding government revenue constraints may hinder development prospects of some poorer nations. The authors use fixed effects to control for the usual political, strategic, and other considerations for aid allocations.
Curated
CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll, March 2008 (ICPSR 26146)
Released/updated on: 2009-10-01
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2008-03-01--2008-03-31
This poll, fielded March 28 to April 02, 2008, is a part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way George W. Bush was handling the presidency and the economy, the most important problem facing the nation, and how much attention they were paying to the 2008 presidential campaign. Several questions addressed the economy and sought opinions on the condition of the national economy, the most important economic problem facing the nation, whether the United States was in an economic recession and whether the economy was getting better or worse. Registered voters were asked whether they were more likely to vote in a Democratic or Republican primary or caucus, which candidate they supported and why, who they expected to win the Democratic nomination, their opinions of the candidates, and for whom they would vote if the election was held that day. Views were also sought on Senator Barack Obama's former minister Rev. Jeremiah Wright's statements and whether his statements affected the respondent's opinions of Obama. Respondents were asked how concerned they were about several aspects of their personal finances including being able to afford health care, housing, and retirement costs, college tuition, and whether they were concerned about their job security. Respondents were also asked about their biggest economic concern, whether they were getting ahead financially, whether they had made cutbacks in their spending, and whether rises in food prices was affecting them. Additional questions asked respondents whether they had any close friends or relatives who filed for bankruptcy or had a foreclosure in the past year, whether they had any money invested in the stock market, and whether they thought investment in the stock market was safe. Other topics addressed the war in Iraq, the home mortgage crisis, estate and income tax, trade restrictions, and race relations. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, education level, employment status, marital status, whether respondents had children under 18 years of age, household income, political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter registration status and participation history, religious preference, frequency of religious attendance, and whether respondents considered themselves to be a born-again Christian.
Curated
Foreign Direct Investment, Productivity, and Country Growth: An Overview (ICPSR 25081)
Released/updated on: 2009-03-11
Geographic coverage: Hungary, United States, Japan, United Kingdom, Bermuda Islands, Switzerland, Spain, Canada, Netherlands, Sweden, Czech Republic, Norway, Luxembourg, Finland, Mexico, France, Germany, Estonia
The authors review the empirical literature that studies the relationship between foreign direct investment, productivity, and growth using aggregate data, and focus on two questions: (1) is there evidence of a positive relationship between foreign direct investment and national growth? and (2) does the output of the "multinational sectors" exhibit higher labor productivity? The authors also briefly discuss how the microeconomic evidence and a number of aggregation and composition problems might help explain the ambiguous results in this literature.
Curated
CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll, December 2007 (ICPSR 24363)
Released/updated on: 2009-02-18
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2007-01-01--2007-12-31
This poll, fielded December 5-9, 2007, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicits public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way George W. Bush was handling the presidency and other issues such as foreign policy. They were also asked to rate the condition of the national economy, what they thought was the most important problem facing the country, and whether they approved of the way Congress was handling its job. Opinions were solicited on the Republican and Democratic parties, the 2008 presidential candidate nominees, how much attention respondents had been paying to the 2008 presidential campaign, which candidate they would vote for if the 2008 presidential election were being held that day, and how enthusiastic they were about voting in the 2008 presidential election. Several questions asked about the presidential primaries, including whether respondents were likely to vote in the Democratic or Republican primaries, which nominee they would like to see as the Democratic and Republican party presidential candidate in 2008, whether their choice was affected by Oprah Winfrey's involvement in Barack Obama's campaign or Bill Clinton's involvement in Hillary Clinton's campaign, the importance of a presidential candidate's personal attributes or beliefs, and which candidate they thought would win the general election in November 2008. Respondents were also asked about their personal finances and credit card use, payments, and debt, other types of personal debt, the national debt, the United States' debt to China, and the quality of manufactured goods produced in China. Additional topics included abortion, global warming, illegal immigration, whether Iran is a threat to the United States, terrorism, the war in Iraq, international trade, democracy, and feelings about the federal government. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, education level, household income, marital status, religious preference, frequency of religious attendance, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter registration status and participation history, and the presence of children in the household under 18.
Curated
ABC News NHK Japan Poll, March 1990 (ICPSR 9442)
Released/updated on: 2008-11-24
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1990-03-01--1990-03-31
This special topic poll, conducted March 20-22, 1990, examined Americans' attitudes toward Japan and was fielded for the Japanese broadcasting company NHK. Views were sought on whether the French and Japanese were as friendly as other people in the world and which group was more difficult for Americans to deal with. A series of questions addressed Japanese trade and investment in the United States, whether the federal budget deficit or the international trade deficit posed a bigger problem for the United States, whether an economically strong Japan threatened United States' national security, and whether the economic power of Japan or the military power of the Soviet Union was a bigger threat to the United States. Other topics covered recent trade disputes between the United States and Japan, reasons for the United States' trade deficit with Japan, the impact of Japan building up its military force, and stereotyped images of the Japanese people. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, education level, employment status, and household income.
Curated
CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll #2, February 2007 (ICPSR 23021)
Released/updated on: 2008-10-06
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 2007-02-01--2007-02-28
This poll, fielded February 23-27, 2007, is a part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicits public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way George W. Bush was handling his job as president and other issues such as foreign policy. They also were asked to rate the condition of the national economy, what was the most important domestic policy for the president and Congress to focus on, and whether they approved of the way Congress was handling its job. Opinions were solicited on the topic of health care, including how well the United States health care system works, the cost of health care, the federal government's responsibility to guarantee health care for all Americans, whether taxes should be increased in order to expand health care to all Americans, and whether employers should be required to provide insurance for all their workers. A series of questions asked for respondents' opinions on advertisements by drug companies, including whether they are helpful to consumers, whether prescription drug advertisements on television should be limited by the government, whether it was acceptable for doctors to be paid by drug companies to promote prescription drugs, and whether Congress should change the law to allow Americans to buy lower cost prescription drugs from Canada. Respondents were asked whether the government would do a better job than private insurance companies in providing medical coverage and holding down health care costs, which issues they would like most to hear the 2008 presidential candidates talk about over the next two years regarding health care, and whether they had confidence in each presidential candidate's ability to make decisions about health care. Information was also collected about the status of respondents and their household members' health care coverage and health care costs, their health status and treatment for common conditions, life expectancy, whether they had an employer-sponsored pension plan, and whether they were concerned about not having enough money for retirement. Additional information was collected on respondents' opinions of the Republican and Democratic parties, international trade, globalization, and the United States military situation with Iraq and Iran. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, education level, household income, marital status, religious preference, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter registration status and participation history, the presence of children under 18 and household members between the ages of 18 and 24, and whether respondents had children attending a four-year college.
Curated
ABC News/NHK Japan Poll, November 1991 (ICPSR 9889)
Released/updated on: 2008-07-31
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1992-11-05--1992-11-10
This survey gauged public opinion regarding Japan. Respondents were asked to identify the strongest economic power in the world from a list that included both Japan and the United States and to indicate their approval or disapproval of the way George Bush handled relations with Japan. They were also asked whether their impressions of Japan were favorable, how they would describe relations between the United States and Japan, and whether relations were getting better. The survey also solicited opinions on whether Japan was a reliable ally of the United States, whether Japan had gained respect as a result of the war in the Persian Gulf, and whether Japan had provided enough financial assistance for the Persian Gulf War. Concerning trade, respondents were asked whether Japan practiced fair trade with the United States and vice versa, how important rice as a trade issue was between Japan and the United States, and whether United States farmers should be able to export as much rice to Japan as they could sell there. Respondents were also asked if Japanese investment in the United States was a good thing for the United States, whether restrictions should be placed on Japanese investments in the United States, and whether Japan's current economic strength posed a threat to the United States. In addition, the survey posed questions pertaining to whether life was better in Japan or in the United States, whether Japanese or American workers worked harder, whether Japan or the United States was more to blame for the war between the two countries 50 years ago, whether the respondent looked unfavorably on Japan for having attacked Pearl Harbor, and if anti-Japanese feelings seemed to be on the rise in the United States. The survey also asked respondents to indicate their level of trust in various institutions of American society, including banks, the military, public schools, the courts, and the federal government, and to rate items such as the quality of available health care. Respondents were also asked to comment on whether they were satisfied with their current residence. Background information on respondents includes political alignment, education, age, race, employment status, income, and sex.
Curated
Public Opinion and Foreign Policy in the United States, China, India, Australia, and South Korea, 2006 (ICPSR 4650)
Released/updated on: 2008-07-18
Geographic coverage: South Korea, United States, China (Peoples Republic), Australia, Global, India
Time period: 2006-01-01--2006-12-31
The Chicago Council undertakes a large-scale public opinion study every two years that compares American and international public opinion on a wide range of important international issues. A significant part of each biennial survey is additionally dedicated to examining a timely theme. The theme of the 2006 survey was, "The Rise of China and India."
This data collection presents a unique comparison of international attitudes on how the emergence of China and India as economic dynamos and claimants to great power status will affect the global economy, international security, and politics. Moreover, this study sought to assess American public opinion (Part 1, Public Opinion Survey, United States) on a variety of challenges facing the United States today including international terrorism, nuclear proliferation, conflict in the Middle East, the rising economic and political power of Asia, economic competition from abroad, and threats to energy supplies and the environment. This data collection also provides an understanding of how the Chinese (Part 2, Public Opinion Survey, China) and Indian (Part 3, Public Opinion Survey, India) publics view their nations' international challenges and opportunities and their respective roles as emerging great powers. Parallel surveys were also conducted in Australia (Part 4, Public Opinion Survey, Australia) in conjunction with the Lowy Institute for International Policy, and in South Korea (Part 5, Public Opinion Survey, South Korea) in conjunction with the East Asia Institute.
Demographic variables include race, age, gender, religious affiliation, highest level of education, and political identification.
Curated
CBS News Telenoticas Survey, October 1996 (ICPSR 4481)
Released/updated on: 2008-05-29
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1996-10-01--1996-10-31
This poll, fielded October 23-27, 1996, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President Bill Clinton and his handling of the presidency and issues such as foreign policy. Several questions asked how much respondents had been paying attention to the presidential campaign, whether they were likely to vote in the election for president, which candidate they would vote for if the presidential and United States House of Representatives elections were being held that day, whether they had favorable opinions of the candidates and trusted them, and who they expected to win. Respondents were asked to rate the condition of the national economy, whether they thought trade with other countries, such as Mexico and Canada, was good for the United States economy, whether they approved of the way Bill Clinton was handling relations with Cuba, Mexico, and Canada, and the importance of these countries to the United States' interests. Several questions asked for respondents' opinions on welfare, including whether most people on welfare were immigrants or belonged to a specific ethnic group, whether respondents approved of a recent law that changed the welfare system, and whether eligibility for welfare should be limited. A series of questions asked respondents whether trade restrictions were necessary, whether they favored the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), whether it should be expanded to other Latin American countries, and how many foreign products respondents had purchased in the past few years. Respondents were asked for their opinions on immigration to the United States, including the effects of immigration on society, whether immigrants should be eligible for entitlements programs and other benefits, and the country of origin of current legal and illegal immigrants. Information was also collected on whether respondents considered themselves part of the conservative Christian movement, and Hispanic respondents were asked about their country of birth and that of their ancestors. Additional topics included abortion, affirmative action, race and gender discrimination in job hiring practices, the trade embargo against Cuba, and whether the government should be more involved in people's lives and do more to solve national problems. Demographic variables include sex, race, age, household income, education level, political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter participation history and registration status, employment status, military service, whether respondents had any children under the age of 18, household union membership, length of time living at current residence, and type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural).
Curated
CBS News Japan Survey, June 1989 (ICPSR 4474)
Released/updated on: 2008-03-31
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1989-06-01--1989-06-30
This special topic poll, fielded June 26-29, 1989, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked about the economic situation in the United States, the future for the next generation of Americans, and their own life satisfaction. Opinions were solicited on relations between the United States and Japan, the trade situation between the United States and Japan, West Germany, and the Soviet Union, the quality of the goods produced in these countries, whether trade restrictions were necessary to protect domestic industries, and which country would be the economic power in the next century. Views were sought on President George H.W. Bush, Soviet Union President Mikhail Gorbachev, how often the federal government could be trusted, and whether corruption was necessary for government to operate. Those polled were asked about government defense spending, the likelihood of a reduction in nuclear weapons within the next few years, the level of United States troops stationed in Western Europe and Asia, and whether the United States would defend West Germany and Japan if these countries were attacked. Other topics addressed attitudes towards work, the environment, abortion, and perceived differences between the United States and Japan. Information was also collected on whether respondents owned a fax machine, used a computer, spoke a language other than English, and had ever visited Japan. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, employment status, education level, household income, political party affiliation, political orientation, and voter registration and voter participation history.
Curated
ABC News/Washington Post Poll, June 1991 (ICPSR 9611)
Released/updated on: 2008-01-08
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1991-05-30--1991-06-02
This data collection is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that evaluate the Bush presidency and solicit opinions on a variety of political and social issues. Respondents were questioned regarding the condition of the national, state, and local economies, financial conditions of the federal and state governments, the most important thing they thought should be done to improve these conditions, and which political party they trusted to do a better job of coping with the main problems facing the nation over the next few years. Respondents also were questioned in depth about civil rights, including whether they thought Blacks and other minorities were discriminated against in hiring, whether Blacks had a better chance of advancing to management or supervisory positions than whites, and whether they thought the Democrats or the Republicans generally came closest to reflecting their views on civil rights. Other topics covered include abortion, financial aid to and free trade with the Soviet Union, and the Persian Gulf War. Background information on respondents includes political alignment, 1988 presidential vote choice, education, age, religion, social class, marital status, number of people in household, labor union membership, employment status, race, income, sex, and state/region of residence.
Curated
ABC News Japan Poll, March 1990 (ICPSR 9455)
Released/updated on: 2007-07-30
Geographic coverage: United States
Time period: 1990-03-13--1990-03-15
This survey focuses on the United States' relationship with Japan. Respondents were asked if they had favorable or unfavorable impressions of the Soviet Union, China, Japan, and West Germany, if they thought the Japanese/Germans were as friendly, efficient, creative, arrogant, intelligent, or regimented as other people, if Japanese/Germans were more difficult for Americans to deal with than most other types of people, if the relationship between the United States and Japan was good, and how they rated the impact of Japanese investment on the United States. In addition, respondents were asked if drugs or the trade deficit with Japan was the bigger problem, what the causes of the trade deficit were, if Japanese trade officers were negotiating in good faith, if United States negotiators needed to take a tougher line, and how they rated the effectiveness of various means of improving the trading situation. Other topics covered include Japanese economic power and Soviet military power as threats to the United States, anti-Japanese feelings in America, whether personal or family life was affected by Japanese activities in the United States, and whether Japan was trying to dominate the world. Background information on respondents includes education, age, social class, employment status, race, sex, income, and state/region of residence.
Curated
Macroeconomic Time Series for the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and France (ICPSR 7644)
Released/updated on: 2007-03-26
Geographic coverage: United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Global
Time period: 1785-01-01--1968-12-31
This collection contains an array of economic time series data pertaining to the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France, primarily between the 1920s and the 1960s, and including some time series from the 18th and 19th centuries. These data were collected by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), and they constitute a research resource of importance to economists as well as to political scientists, sociologists, and historians. Under a grant from the National Science Foundation, ICPSR and the National Bureau of Economic Research converted this collection (which existed heretofore only on handwritten sheets stored in New York) into fully accessible, readily usable, and completely documented machine-readable form. The NBER collection -- containing an estimated 1.6 million entries -- is divided into 16 major categories: (1) construction, (2) prices, (3) security markets, (4) foreign trade, (5) income and employment, (6) financial status of business, (7) volume of transactions, (8) government finance, (9) distribution of commodities, (10) savings and investments, (11) transportation and public utilities, (12) stocks of commodities, (13) interest rates, and (14) indices of leading, coincident, and lagging indicators, (15) money and banking, and (16) production of commodities. Data from all categories are available in Parts 1-22. The economic variables are usually observations on the entire nation or large subsets of the nation. Frequently, however, and especially in the United States, separate regional and metropolitan data are included in other variables. This makes cross-sectional analysis possible in many cases. The time span of variables in these files may be as short as one year or as long as 160 years. Most data pertain to the first half of the 20th century. Many series, however, extend into the 19th century, and a few reach into the 18th. The oldest series, covering brick production in England and Wales, begins in 1785, and the most recent United States data extend to 1968. The unit of analysis is an interval of time -- a year, a quarter, or a month. The bulk of observations are monthly, and most series of monthly data contain annual values or totals.
Curated
World Distance Tables, 1948-1974 (ICPSR 6152)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Time period: 1948-01-01--1974-12-31
Originally part of a research project on world trade flows during 1948-1974, this data collection contains road, rail, sea, and air distances between 201 countries.
Curated
CBS News/New York Times/Tokyo Broadcasting System Collaborative National Surveys of the United States and Japan, 1990 (ICPSR 9501)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: United States, Japan, Global
In these two surveys, American and Japanese respondents were asked similar sets of questions. Their opinions were sought on which country would be the number one economic power in the world in the next century, whether Japan or the United States tended to protect its own interests without regard to the needs of other countries, the main reason that more United States goods were not sold in Japan, whether the Japanese or American governments had made enough of an effort to correct the trade imbalance, and how respondents felt about Japanese companies buying office buildings and land in the United States. Respondents were also questioned about whether Americans and Japanese respected each other, whether the United States and Japan could depend on each other in the future, whether the number of United States troops in Japan should be increased, decreased, or kept at the same level, and whether the Cold War was over. In addition, American respondents only were asked about George Bush's handling of his job, foreign policy, the economy of the United States, feelings toward Israel and the Arab nations, and Ralph Nader's attacks on American industry. Both surveys collected demographic and socioeconomic information on respondents, including income, age, sex, and education.
Curated
World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1966-1975 (ICPSR 7553)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: Benin, Angola, Cambodia, Sudan, England, Paraguay, Portugal, Syria, North Korea, Greece, Mongolia, Morocco, Iran, Mali, Panama, Guatemala, Guyana, Iraq, Chile, Laos, Nepal, Argentina, Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana, Bahrain, India, Canada, Guinea-Bissau, Turkey, Belgium, Taiwan, Finland, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Germany, Yemen, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), Fiji, United States, Guinea, China (Peoples Republic), Chad, Somalia, Madagascar, Ivory Coast, Thailand, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Costa Rica, Sweden, Malawi, Poland, Kuwait, Jordan, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Switzerland, Spain, Lebanon, Liberia, Cuba, Venezuela, Czech Republic, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Swaziland, Israel, Australia, Soviet Union, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Malaysia, Iceland, Global, Oman, Gabon, South Korea, Great Britain, Austria, Yugoslavia, Mozambique, El Salvador, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Lesotho, Ecuador, Colombia, Hungary, Japan, Mauritius, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Italy, Honduras, Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Singapore, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Malta, Saudi Arabia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Gambia, Ireland, Qatar, France, Romania, Togo, Niger, Philippines, Rwanda, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Barbados, Norway, Botswana, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Suriname, Indonesia
Time period: 1966-01-01--1975-12-31
This two-part data collection comprises information for military expenditures and transfer of armaments for 142 countries in the period 1966-1975. Part 1 consists of time series data that provide information for national military expenditures, including the yearly value of weapons exports and imports per capita, per soldier, and as a percentage of the gross national product (GNP), as well as the population per million. The country and the year form one unit, so that each country appears ten times. Part 2 data provide additional information about the current values of the total arms exported by each major supplier and the total arms transferred in the period 1964-1974 by the United States, France, United Kingdom, Canada, Poland, China, West Germany, the Soviet Union, and Czechoslovakia.
Curated
World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1967-1976 (ICPSR 7713)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: Benin, Papua New Guinea, Angola, Cambodia, Sudan, Paraguay, Portugal, Syria, North Korea, Greece, Mongolia, Morocco, Iran, Mali, Panama, Guatemala, Guyana, Czechoslovakia, Iraq, Chile, Laos, Nepal, Argentina, Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana, Bahrain, India, Canada, Guinea-Bissau, Turkey, Belgium, Taiwan, Finland, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Germany, Yemen, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), Fiji, United States, Guinea, China (Peoples Republic), Chad, Somalia, Sao Tome and Principe, Madagascar, Ivory Coast, Thailand, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Costa Rica, Sweden, Malawi, Poland, Kuwait, Jordan, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Switzerland, Spain, Lebanon, Liberia, Cuba, Venezuela, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Swaziland, Israel, Australia, Soviet Union, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Malaysia, Iceland, Global, Oman, Gabon, South Korea, Great Britain, Austria, Yugoslavia, Mozambique, El Salvador, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Lesotho, Ecuador, Colombia, Hungary, Japan, Mauritius, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Italy, Honduras, Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Singapore, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Malta, Saudi Arabia, Cape Verde, Netherlands, Pakistan, Gambia, Ireland, Qatar, France, Romania, Togo, Niger, Philippines, Rwanda, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Barbados, Norway, Democratic Republic of Congo, Botswana, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Suriname, Indonesia
Time period: 1967-01-01--1976-12-31
This data collection contains two files of world military expenditures and arms trade data for 145 countries in the period 1967-1976. Part 1 data consist of a yearly series of data for population and national military expenditures, including the value of weapons exports and imports. The country and the year form the unit of analysis, so that each country appears ten times, once for each year. Data are provided in millions of United States current and constant dollars for the total arms imports and exports, as well as for the total imports and exports of goods and services. Various socioeconomic data are presented to provide a comparative background for the series. Data are provided in millions of United States current and constant dollars for the gross national product (GNP), and for military expenditures, central government expenditures, public health expenditures, and public education expenditures as a percentage of the gross national product. Additional variables provide information on the number of armed forces personnel, teachers, and physicians per 1,000 people. Part 2 data consist of information on the total transactions in the transfer of armaments. Data are provided for the total value of arms imported by each country from individual major arms suppliers, which include the United States, United Kingdom, France, Canada, China, Poland, West Germany, and Czechoslovakia.
Curated
World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1983-1993 (ICPSR 6516)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-18
Geographic coverage: South America, Central America, Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, Global, Latin America
Time period: 1983-01-01--1993-12-31
This data collection, which focuses on military spending and arms transfers, supplies information on 166 developed and developing countries of the world. Data are provided in four tables. Table I (Part 1) consists of military expenditures, armed forces, Gross National Product, central government expenditures, and population by region, organization, and country for 1983-1993. Table II (Part 2) includes arms transfer deliveries and total trade by region, organization, and country for 1983-1993. Table III (Part 3) provides cumulative information for 1991-1993 on arms transfer deliveries by major supplier and recipient country. Table IV (Part 4) contains arms transfer deliveries and agreements for 1983-1993 by supplier and recipient region.
Curated
World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1973-1983 (ICPSR 8532)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: South America, Central America, Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, Global, Latin America
Time period: 1973-01-01--1983-12-31
This data collection, which focuses on military spending and arms transfers, supplies information on 145 developed and developing countries of the world. The first file contains background data for each country, including items such as region, sub-region, alliances (OPEC, NATO, and Warsaw Pact), and OECD and World Bank membership. The second file tabulates annual military expenditures, GNP, central government expenditures, arms imports and exports, and total imports and exports in current and constant dollars for each country from 1973 to 1983. Additional variables detail total population, number of armed forces personnel, number of armed forces personnel per 1000 people, GNP in constant dollars per capita, and military expenditures in constant dollars per capita.
Curated
World Military Expenditure Time Series, 1961-1970 (ICPSR 5031)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: South America, Central America, Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, Global, Latin America
This study includes data for 8 variables--military expenditure, population, GNP, armed forces, military expenditure/GNP, foreign aid given and received, and public health expenditure--by year, 1961-1970 for some 120 nations.
Curated
World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1979-1989 (ICPSR 6065)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: South America, Central America, Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, Global, Latin America
Time period: 1979-01-01--1989-12-31
This data collection, which focuses on military spending and arms transfers, supplies information on 144 developed and developing countries of the world. Data are provided in five tables. Table I (Part 1) consists of military expenditures, armed forces, Gross National Product, central government expenditures, and population by region, organization, and country for 1979-1989. Table II (Part 2) includes arms transfer deliveries and total trade by region, organization, and country for 1979-1989. Table III (Part 3) provides cumulative information for 1985-1989 on arms transfer deliveries by major supplier and recipient country. Table IV (Part 4) contains arms transfer deliveries and agreements for 1979-1989 by supplier and recipient region. Table V (Part 5) supplies cumulative information for 1985-1989 on number of arms delivered by selected supplier, recipient developing region, and major weapon type.
Curated
World Military Expenditures and Arms Trade, 1963-l973, and Cumulative Arms Trade, 1964-1973 (ICPSR 7454)
Released/updated on: 2006-01-12
Geographic coverage: Benin, Cambodia, Sudan, Paraguay, Portugal, Syria, North Korea, Greece, Mongolia, Morocco, Iran, Mali, Panama, Guatemala, Guyana, Iraq, Chile, Laos, Nepal, Argentina, Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana, Bahrain, India, Canada, Turkey, Belgium, Taiwan, Finland, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Central African Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Germany, Yemen, Vietnam (Socialist Republic), United States, Guinea, China (Peoples Republic), Chad, Somalia, Madagascar, Ivory Coast, Thailand, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Costa Rica, Sweden, Malawi, Poland, Kuwait, Jordan, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Switzerland, Spain, Lebanon, Liberia, Cuba, Venezuela, Czech Republic, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Swaziland, Israel, Australia, Soviet Union, Myanmar, Cameroon, Cyprus, Malaysia, Iceland, Global, Oman, Gabon, South Korea, Great Britain, Austria, Yugoslavia, El Salvador, Luxembourg, Brazil, Algeria, Lesotho, Ecuador, Colombia, Hungary, Japan, Mauritius, Albania, New Zealand, Senegal, Italy, Honduras, Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, Burundi, Singapore, Egypt, Sierra Leone, Bolivia, Russia, Malta, Saudi Arabia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Gambia, Ireland, Qatar, France, Romania, Togo, Niger, Philippines, Rwanda, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Norway, Democratic Republic of Congo, Botswana, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Indonesia
Time period: 1963-01-01--1973-12-31
This data collection contains two files of world military expenditures and arms trade data for the period 1964-1973. Part 1 is an extension of WORLD MILITARY EXPENDITURES TIME SERIES, 1961-1970 (ICPSR 5031), for the period 1963-1973. In this file, data are provided for military expenditures, gross national product (GNP), arms trade, population, and the armed forces size. Data on arms imports and arms exports are given in both current and constant dollars. Part 2 provides information for 136 countries on the total current dollar value of arms imported between 1964 and 1973. It includes a breakdown of the total value by each of the nine largest nations supplying arms -- United States, United Kingdom, France, China, Canada, Poland, and the former Soviet Union, West Germany, and Czechoslovakia. Data are provided for the recipient countries by major suppliers, as well as for the cumulative total value of arms imported between 1964 and 1973.