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Showing 1 – 13 of 13 results.

Curated

The Analysis of Budget Consolidations: Concepts, Research Designs and Measurement (ICPSR 22780)

Released/updated on: 2008-06-25

Geographic coverage: United States, Japan, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Portugal, Iceland, Global, Spain, New Zealand, Greece, Canada, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Norway, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Australia, France, Germany

Fiscal adjustments have been examined from different perspectives in the literature. However, the conceptual approaches to the analysis of budget consolidations vary substantially. Therefore different approaches to the analysis of fiscal adjustments are discussed in a first step. It is shown that the choices regarding the underlying concepts lead to specific research designs and influence the appropriate empirical method. In a second step, the determinants of budget consolidations are examined empirically in four different research designs for 23 industrialized countries in the 1990s. The analysis shows that the results vary depending on the method applied. However, economic variables seem to play the most important role in explaining the consolidation performance.

Curated

Budget Balances (Deficits and Surpluses) for 54 Middle Income Countries From 1976-2007 (ICPSR 29341)

Released/updated on: 2010-09-27

Geographic coverage: South America, Central America, Asia, Africa, Global

Time period: 1976-01-01--2007-01-01

This study examines whether opportunistic and partisan business cycles influence fiscal policy in 54 developing countries when controlling for de facto exchange rate regimes and capital mobility. With most exchange rate regimes, leftist parties are more likely to engage in expansionary fiscal policy, but are less likely to do so as capital mobility rises. With a rigidly fixed rate, however, leftist parties engage in more fiscal expansion with higher capital mobility. Unless an exchange rate is freely falling, an election is more likely to encourage fiscal expansion when capital mobility is high.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

CBS News/60 Minutes/Vanity Fair National Poll, December #1, 2012 (ICPSR 34667)

Released/updated on: 2013-06-10

Geographic coverage: United States

This poll, the first of two fielded December 2012, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicits public opinion on a range of political and social issues. Respondents were asked how well Barack Obama was handling the presidency on issues such as foreign policy, the economy, terrorism, taxes, and the budget deficit. Opinions were collected on the progress of the economy, the job market, the performance of Congress, feelings toward Washington, and whether the country was heading in the right direction. The respondents were also asked for their opinions of the Republican and Democratic parties, Barack Obama, John Boehner, Hillary Clinton, and the difficulty in reaching agreements and passing legislation in Congress. Data were collected on tax increases and spending cuts, expectations of the negotiations between the two parties, the preferred plan for reducing the budget deficit, and whether the respondents approved of Congress raising the federal debt ceiling. Respondents were also asked their views about illegal immigrants, ongoing violence in Syria, gun control laws, the recent shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School and safety of schools, holiday shopping, and New Year's Eve plans. Additional topics included the worst date movie, the least interesting movie, the most difficult job in Hollywood, expected changes to the Oscars broadcast, quintessential actor and actress, and preference of a great movie over a powerful documentary. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, marital status, education level, household income, religious preference, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, voting behavior, whether respondents were registered to vote, and whether respondents thought of themselves as born-again Christians.

Curated

Darryl Francis and the Making of Monetary Policy, 1966-1975 (ICPSR 1283)

Released/updated on: 2003-06-25

Geographic coverage: United States

Darryl Francis was president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis from 1966 to 1975. Throughout those years he was a leading critic of United States monetary policy. Francis argued in policy meetings and public venues that monetary policy should focus on maintaining a stable price level. In contrast, most policymakers at the time believed it possible to exploit a trade-off between unemployment and inflation. Francis attributed inflation directly to excessive growth of the money stock while other policymakers blamed labor and product market failures, fiscal policy, and commodity price shocks. Francis argued that inflation could not be controlled except by limiting the growth of monetary aggregates whereas other policymakers promoted price controls or other schemes. Francis favored maintaining a stable money stock growth rate at a time when monetary policy was widely interpreted as involving the manipulation of interest rates. Reviewing the debates between Francis and his Federal Reserve colleagues improves our understanding of the reasons behind the Fed's monetary policy actions at the time and illuminates how policy views evolved toward accepting price level stability as the paramount, long-term objective for monetary policy.

Self-published

ECIN Replication Package for "Fiscal Consolidation Plans with Underground Economy" (ICPSR 207985)

Released/updated on: 2024-09-19

The paper "Fiscal Consolidation Plans with Underground Economy" initially provides a descriptive analysis of the relationship between fiscal policy and tax evasion in Italy using a Vector Error Correction (VEC) model. Subsequently, it designs a spending-based consolidation plan through a DSGE model that explicitly incorporates the underground economy following Orsi et al. (2014), and augments it with sticky prices as per Calvo (1983). This project summarizes and describes all sources and data used in the empirical section, and also offers an overview of the Matlab codes employed to generate the main theoretical results.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Eurobarometer 82.2: Quality of Transport, Cyber Security, Value Added Tax, and Public Health, October 2014 (ICPSR 36662)

Released/updated on: 2017-10-13

Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Great Britain, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, Northern Ireland, Spain, Czech Republic, Belgium, European Union, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology. This round of Eurobarometer surveys covers the following special topics:(1) Quality of Transport, (2) Cyber Security, (3) Value Added Tax, and (4) Public Health.

Respondents' opinions were collected regarding common forms of transportation, status of infrastructure in the respondent's country, reasons for using various forms of transportation, the use of autonomous vehicles, frequency and purpose of travel, and issues affecting rail, air, sea, and road transportation. Additional questions were asked regarding risks of cyber crime, respondents' use of the internet, how cyber security concerns have altered respondents' online behavior, prevention of online harassment of household children, and concern about and experience with being victimized in cyber crime. Respondents were also asked about the Value Added Tax (VAT) and how often they purchased goods from other EU member states. Further questions include knowledge of information regarding reimbursement for healthcare, and respondents' willingness to and opinions of policies related to blood, tissue, and organ donation.

Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, left-right political self-placement, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone and other durable goods, difficulties in paying bills, self-assessed level in society, self-assessed social class, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Eurobarometer 84.2: E-Communications in the Household, Awareness and Perception of Europeans about EU Customs, Europeans, Agriculture and the Common Agricultural Policy, October 2015 (ICPSR 36669)

Released/updated on: 2017-12-14

This round of Eurobarometer surveys covers the following special topics: (1) E-Communications and the Digital Single Market, (2) Awareness and Perceptions of Europeans about EU Customs, and (3) EU Citizens, Agriculture, and the Common Agricultural Policy. Respondents were queried as to their use of telephones and digital electronics, the importance of specific factors in choosing to subscribe to an Internet connection, paid services that can be accessed via the Internet, bundling Internet connection with other services, and switching communication service providers. Questions were also asked regarding respondents' perceptions of EU customs authorities and their activities, the role of EU customs authorities, and how informed respondents were about various aspects of the EU Customs Union. Additional topics included respondents' support of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), the primary responsibilities of EU farmers, the effectiveness of the CAP, approval of EU financial support of the CAP, and importance of environmental protection.

Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, political preference, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone and other goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview.

Curated

Fiscal Multipliers in War and in Peace (ICPSR 34707)

Released/updated on: 2013-06-19

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1919-01-01--1924-01-01

Proponents of fiscal stimulus argue that government spending is needed to replace the private spending normally lost during a recession. Estimates of the so-called fiscal multiplier based on wartime episodes are used to support the proposition that a peacetime intervention can "stimulate" the economy in a desirable manner. The author argues that a wartime crisis is fundamentally different from a peacetime economic crisis.

Curated

Governments' Economic Responses to COVID-19 (Econ-Response2covid19), Global, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 39775)

Released/updated on: 2026-04-20

Geographic coverage: Global

Time period: 2020-01-01--2021-06-01

The Econ-Response2covid19 dataset tracked governments' economic responses to COVID-19 all around the world. The dataset is at the country-level and covers the January 2020 - June 2021 period. The measures coded include fiscal measures (wage support, cash transfers, in-kind transfers, tax cuts, sectorial support and credit schemes), tax deferrals, off-budget measures, and main policy rate cuts. The data can be used to study the impact of economic measures on different outcomes, and to understand the diffusion of economic policies during crises.

Curated

Political Business Cycles in Open Economies in 28 Developing Countries From Latin America, Asia, and Africa, 1976-2002 (ICPSR 27581)

Released/updated on: 2010-10-06

Geographic coverage: Papua New Guinea, Madagascar, Thailand, Bolivia, Global, Costa Rica, Latin America, South Korea, Pakistan, El Salvador, Mali, Panama, Guatemala, Chile, Lesotho, Ecuador, Colombia, Argentina, Uruguay, Philippines, Africa, Mauritius, India, Venezuela, Turkey, Nicaragua, Asia, Botswana, Dominican Republic, South Africa, Mexico, Honduras

Time period: 1976-01-01--2002-01-01

This study looked at whether opportunistic and partisan business cycles influence fiscal policy in 28 developing countries when controlling for de facto exchange rate regimes and capital mobility. Several issues were investigated: 1) opportunistic business cycles, whether elections cause the governments budget balance (taxes minus spending) to experience fiscal expansion (lower taxes and higher spending) in order to stimulate the economy; 2) partisan business cycles, whether left-wing parties engage in more fiscal expansion; 3) whether growing capital mobility (the ability of financial capital to move across borders) will encourage or inhibit a government's ability to engage in fiscal expansion with an impending election or left-wing party; and 4) whether the exchange rate regime (the rules for determining the exchange rate) is a mitigating factor.

Curated

A Primer on the Empirical Identification of Government Spending Shocks (ICPSR 22681)

Released/updated on: 2008-06-09

Geographic coverage: United States

The empirical literature on the effects of government spending shocks lacks unanimity about the responses of consumption and wages. Proponents of shocks identified by structural vector autoregressions (VARs) find results consistent with New Keynesian models: consumption and wages increase. On the other hand, proponents of the narrative approach find results consistent with neoclassical models: consumption and wages decrease. This paper reviews these two identifications and confirms their differences by using standard economic series. It also uses alternative measures of government spending, output, and the labor market and shows that, although there are minor fluctuations within each identification, the disparate results between the two are robust to the alternative measures. However, under the structural VAR approach, the authors find some differences between the responses to federal and state/local government spending.

Curated

Restricted

Responding to Fiscal Challenges in State Correctional Systems: A National Study of Prison Closings and Alternative Strategies, 2007-2012 (ICPSR 36105)

Released/updated on: 2016-03-31

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 2007-01-01--2013-01-01

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.

This study addresses changes to state correctional systems and policies in response to correctional spending limits brought on by the worsening economic climate beginning in late 2007. These changes include institutional changes, such as closing prisons and reducing staffing, "back-end" strategies, such as reductions in sentence lengths and reduced parolee supervision, and "front-end" measures, such as funding trade-offs between other governmental and social services.

A survey of the 50 state correctional administrators addressed fiscal stress, including size and characteristics of the prison population, prison crowding, prison expenditures, institutional safety, staff morale, public safety and other justice spending. Additionally, six states were selected for in depth case studies, which included interviews with facility personnel and site visits by research staff in order to thoroughly understand the challenges faced and the resulting decisions made.

Additionally, each state's demographic, correctional spending, and overall financial information was collected from census and other publicly available reports. Information on the overall health and safety of the inmates was examined through an econometric comparison of funding levels and statistics as to prisoner mortality, crime and incarceration rates.

Curated

Three Funerals and a Wedding (ICPSR 24543)

Released/updated on: 2009-01-26

Geographic coverage: United States

This article is a modified and updated version of a speech presented at the Regional Economic Summit, Evansville, Indiana, November 20, 2008.