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Curated

Partially restricted

Broadband Communications Technology Guidance for Law Enforcement, California, Massachusetts, 2019-2022 (ICPSR 38547)

Released/updated on: 2026-07-16

Geographic coverage: United States, Massachusetts, California

Time period: 2019-01-01--2022-12-31

In 2018 law enforcement agencies gained access to a federally created, nationwide, interoperable first responder broadband communications network, called the National Public Safety Broadband Network, also known as FirstNet. The RAND Corporation was funded to conduct research and provide guidance to law enforcement agencies on how to best transition to the broadband communication network. To this end, the RAND Corporation performed a literature review, interviewed subject-matter experts, and developed coverage maps for select areas. The interviews covered topics such as the current state of deployment, system governance, system reliability, vendors used, and plans for migration.

This data collection includes select quotes and interview notes from the interviews with subject-matter experts. The literature review and coverage maps for select areas are not included in this collection.

Self-published

National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Law Enforcement by Census Tract and ZCTA, United States, 1990-2022 (ICPSR 208684)

Released/updated on: 2026-04-07

Time period: 1990-01-01--2022-12-31

This dataset measures the number and density of law enforcement organizations—including police departments, fire departments, courts, correctional facilities, and legal counsel and prosecution offices—across United States census tracts and ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) from 1990 through 2022. Data are derived from the National Establishment Time Series (NETS) database and geocoded to 2010 and 2020 TIGER/Line shapefiles from the US Census Bureau.

Curated

Decision-Related Research on the Organization of Service Delivery Systems in Metropolitan Areas: Fire Protection (ICPSR 7409)

Released/updated on: 1992-02-16

Geographic coverage: United States

Time period: 1967-01-01--1975-12-31

This study represents one of four research projects on service delivery systems in metropolitan areas, covering public health (DECISION-RELATED RESEARCH ON THE ORGANIZATION OF SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS: PUBLIC HEALTH [ICPSR 7374]), police protection (DECISION-RELATED RESEARCH ON THE ORGANIZATION OF SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS: POLICE PROTECTION [ICPSR 7427]), solid waste management (DECISION-RELATED RESEARCH ON THE ORGANIZATION OF SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT [ICPSR 7487]), and fire protection (the present study). All four projects used a common unit of analysis, namely all 200 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs) that, according to the 1970 Census, had a population of less than 1,500,000 and were entirely located within a single state. In each project, a limited amount of information was collected for all 200 SMSAs. More extensive data were gathered within independently drawn samples of these SMSAs, for all local geographical units and each administrative jurisdiction or agency in the service delivery areas. Two standardized systems of geocoding -- the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) codes and the Office of Revenue Sharing (ORS) codes -- were used, so that data from various sources could be combined. The use of these two coding schemes also allows users to combine data from two or more of the research projects conducted in conjunction with the present one, or to add data from a wide variety of public data files. The present study includes basic measures of personnel, budgets, equipment, and manning levels, statistics on fires and losses, and the use of innovations in fire service delivery for all 200 SMSAs. Fire prevention and fire suppression activities were investigated in greater detail in a sample of 50 SMSAs. Data were collected from public records as well as from interviews conducted with 995 city executives, fire chiefs from 1,186 fire departments, and 958 building inspectors. In the initial phases of the project, an econometric model was used to describe patterns of fire service delivery and their relative efficiency. Chiefs of fire departments from the 50 sampled SMSAs were asked to provide information on administrative practices, personnel, mutual aid contracts, emergency medical and rescue services, communications, inspection, and investigation services, fire prevention education, fire planning, and training activities. The questionnaire administered to building inspectors included items on budgetary and personnel characteristics, various building code provisions, allocation of responsibilities for inspection, and the number of buildings inspected each year. Insurance Service Organization ratings and fire department replacement values were obtained from the city managers or executives in places with populations of 2,500 or more within the 50 sampled SMSAs. The study also provides basic demographic information about the places where the fire departments were located.