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Curated

Creation of the Euro and the Role of the Dollar in International Markets (ICPSR 1247)

Released/updated on: 2001-10-31

Geographic coverage: United States, Europe, Global

Through the post-World War II period, the United States dollar has been the leading currency used in international trade and debt contracts. With the creation of the euro, the dollar may finally face a challenge to its dominance in international markets. This article examines the likely effects of the euro on the international use of the dollar. Moreover, the article considers the implications for the United States and the euro area of a rise in the use of the euro and consequent fall in the use of the dollar internationally.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Euro-barometer 23: The European Currency Unit and Working Conditions, April 1985 (ICPSR 8411)

Released/updated on: 2017-03-27

Geographic coverage: Greece, Netherlands, Great Britain, Belgium, Europe, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany, Global

The dataset contains information on European integration, life satisfaction, and social goals, as well as respondent attitudes toward the European Parliament. Attitudes towards the expansion of the European Economic Community were also probed, as well as opinions on the most necessary members in the event of European political unification. Respondents were also questioned extensively on the European Currency Unit, current and preferred working conditions, recent travel, and dealings with financial institutions.

Curated

Euro-barometer 41.0: Trade Issues, Blood Donation, AIDS, and Smoking, March-June 1994 (ICPSR 6422)

Released/updated on: 2005-11-04

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 1994-03-08--1994-06-18

This round of Euro-Barometer surveys queried respondents on standard Euro-Barometer measures such as public awareness of and attitudes toward the Common Market and the European Union (EU), and focused on perceptions about and factors affecting blood and plasma donation. Questions solicited opinions about the way blood and plasma are collected and handled, reasons for donating, understanding of the differences between blood and plasma, the necessity of rewards for donating, and sources of information about blood or plasma donation. Respondents were also surveyed about their perceptions of product quality based on country of manufacture, cross-border purchases and customs experiences, a single European currency, women's opinions on EU matters, tobacco smoking habits, AIDS risks, and perceived cancer risks of food products. On EU matters, respondents were asked how well-informed they felt about the EU, what sources of information about the EU they used, whether their country had benefited from being an EU member, and the extent of their personal interest in EU matters. This survey also includes respondent opinions and party preferences for the June 1994 European elections. Demographic and other background information was gathered on number of people residing in the home, size of locality, home ownership, trade union membership, region of residence, and occupation of the head of household, as well as the respondent's age, sex, marital status, education, occupation, work sector, religion, religiosity, subjective social class, left-right political self-placement, and opinion leadership.

Curated

Euro-barometer 41.1: Post-European Election, June-July 1994 (ICPSR 6535)

Released/updated on: 1998-07-28

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 1994-06-11--1994-07-08

This round of Euro-Barometer surveys queried respondents on standard Euro-Barometer measures such as public awareness of and attitudes toward the European Union (EU), and also focused on the election of the Parliament for the European Union, which occurred in June of 1994. EU matters covered included the respondents' general attitudes toward the European Union and, in particular, their interest in European politics, general efforts to unify Western Europe, their own country's membership, their level of satisfaction with how democracy was working in the EU and in their own country, and the level of involvement of the EU in important issues of the day. Questions on the EU Parliament election asked participants if they had voted in the election, and, if so, for which party they had voted. Respondents were also queried about their attitudes toward female candidates in the election, their feelings about important public figures in general, the role of women in decision-making roles within the institutions and organizations of the EU, the role of political campaigns in the election, and their interpretations of the importance of the results. Respondents commented on how strongly they thought of themselves as Europeans, their attitudes toward a single European currency, feelings about the unemployment problem and the possible need for a massive government program to tackle the problem, opinions on border controls and other political issues and problems, feelings about immigrants, the future role of Germany in the EU, and their level of confidence in the decisions of the EU. They also described the good and bad points of the European Parliament, its power, its effects on the lives of individuals, and whether the EU should develop into a United States of Europe. Demographic and other background information was gathered on the number of people residing in the home, size of locality, household income, trade union membership, region of residence, and occupation of the head of household, as well as the respondent's age, sex, marital status, education, occupation, work sector, religion, religiosity, subjective social class, and left-right political self-placement.

Curated

Eurobarometer 44.0: Cancer, Education Issues, and the Single European Currency, October-November 1995 (ICPSR 6721)

Released/updated on: 2001-01-25

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 1995-10-01--1995-11-01

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures such as public awareness of and attitudes toward the European Union (EU), and also focused on cancer, education issues, and the Single European Currency. Respondents were questioned about their attitudes toward cancer risks and prevention strategies. They were also asked whether they had heard or read anything about the European Week Against Cancer, the European program to fight cancer, or the "European Code Against Cancer". The European Code Against Cancer, consisting of ten elementary rules for the possible prevention of cancer, was developed by a committee of cancer experts from all member countries of the EU. Education questions concerned whether respondents were satisfied with primary and secondary schools. Common European currency questions included whether respondents were for or against having one European currency in all member states. Respondents were queried about their knowledge of the Single European Currency and conditions member countries must meet in order to join the European Economic and Monetary Union. They were also asked for their opinions about possible outcomes of the changeover to the Single European Currency. Respondents were further queried about their time-frame preference for introducing the dual display of both the national currency and the European currency on goods and services, their concerns about this changeover, and their opinions about where useful information on the European currency and the changeover should be available. Demographic and other background information was gathered on the number of people residing in the home, size of locality, household income, and region of residence, as well as the respondent's age, sex, religion, age when completed education, occupation, and left-right political self-placement.

Curated

Eurobarometer 44.1: Education and Training Throughout Life and the Common European Currency, November-December 1995 (ICPSR 6723)

Released/updated on: 2001-06-29

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Norway, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 1995-11-11--1995-12-19

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, and what the goals of the European Union (EU) should be for the next ten years. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the EU, including how well-informed they felt about the EU, what sources of information about the EU they used, and whether their country had benefited from being an EU member. Other areas of investigation were education and training, the common European currency, Third World development, food product quality labels, the 1996 InterGovernmental Conference, and the European Parliament. Questions concerning education and training throughout life were asked only of respondents 15-24 years old and covered topics such as reasons for learning throughout life, the likelihood that continuing training throughout life would improve the respondent's work and personal life, participation in a training course in the last year, the main role of schools, and satisfaction with the way schools help develop children's personalities, broaden their abilities, and teach children to live in society and adapt to changes. Also covered were the most important qualities for a person to have and the importance of the parent, school, and working environment in developing those qualities. Parents' level of involvement in education was also explored, with questions on choosing children's schools, following their school work, talking to teachers, and helping children if they have difficulties. Respondents were also queried on the role businesses should play in schools and vocational training, the role of the EU in continuing education, and the influence of technology and new communication techniques on education and instruction. Questions on the common European currency included respondents' preference for or against having one currency in all EU member states, how well-informed respondents were about the common European currency, their knowledge of the conditions member countries must meet to join the European Economic and Monetary Union, and their opinions on when European currency would be introduced. Opinions were also elicited on the effects of the European currency on economic growth, jobs, shopping, currency exchange, cross-border travel, the costs of doing business between Monetary Union member states, the degree of turmoil and volatility in international currency markets, inflation, and the disparity between the rich and the poor. In addition, respondents were queried about Third World development, including what the important development problems were and whether decisions about those problems should be made by member countries of the EU acting together or by each country separately, information sources about Third World countries and the main topics covered by those sources, attitudes toward helping Third World countries, what the principal aim should be in relations with Third World countries, whether industrialized countries were currently helping Third World countries to become less poor, to lead the Third World to economic independence, or to enable them to solve their own problems, who provided the most help to Third World countries (the EU, international organizations, the United Nations, private companies, or non-governmental agencies), what conditions should be met before help is given, and whether the major part of the EU's assistance to the Third World was devoted to emergency humanitarian action or to longer-term development. Questions concerning quality labels for food products included how often the household bought various categories of food products, the three most important things people take into account when buying food products, awareness of and trust in quality labels on food products, awareness of and purchase frequency for food products with a "Designation of Origin" label and what the label means, willingness to pay more for food products of guaranteed origin, consumption frequency for food products made or produced in the traditional way, and confidence level if a food product were guaranteed by the EU as to origin and traditional method of production. Regarding the 1996 InterGovernmental Conference, respondents were queried on their awareness of the conference and which fundamental objectives the EU should set within the scope of that conference. Further questions probed respondents' opinions on the degree of influence that big and powerful member states in the EU had, whether trade unions, political parties, professional organizations, newspapers, radio stations, and TV stations represented respondents' views about Europe and the EU, how soon the countries of Central and Eastern Europe such as the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia should become members of the EU, and why they should become members. Other conference topics included the preferred effect of granting EU membership to Central and Eastern European countries on aid to farmers, how much weight should go to each vote in the EU Council of Ministers, which rights were most important for citizens of the EU, which aims should be given priority in the EU over the next ten years, the role of the EU in avoiding war between member states, what the level of cuts in Social Security benefits should be, Europe's competitiveness in world markets, how helpful all member states were in working together to fight unemployment and create jobs, the relative influence of the opinions of people like the respondent on the decisions made by their national government versus those made by the institutions of the EU, and the respondent's length of stay in other countries of the EU. Topics relating to the European Parliament (EP) included the extent that its decisions were in the interest of people like the respondent, the EP's importance in the life of the EU, and areas of policy the EP should pay particular attention to. Demographic items include age, gender, marital status, size of household, education, occupation, and household income.

Curated

Eurobarometer 45.1: European Union Rights, Sun Exposure, Work Safety, and Privacy Issues, April-May 1996 (ICPSR 6749)

Released/updated on: 2001-04-18

Geographic coverage: Europe, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Great Britain, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 1996-04-12--1996-05-18

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, and what the EU's goals should be for the next ten years. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the European Union (EU), including how well-informed they felt about the EU, what sources of information about the EU they used, whether their country had benefited from being an EU member, and the extent of their personal interest in EU matters. Another major focus of the surveys was the rights of EU citizens as well as issues of work safety, sun exposure, and personal interviews. Respondents were asked about their knowledge of and the importance of rights such as traveling, working, buying, investing, studying, voting, and receiving medical care anywhere in the EU. Respondents provided further interpretation as to the meaning of some rights by indicating whether the right to live anywhere includes the right to permanently relocate, work, vote, or retire, if the right to work anywhere includes the right to set up a business, receive unemployment, receive retirement pay, or work as a civil servant, if the right to study includes equal access to schools, universities, scholarships, or exchange programs, and if purchasing rights include the right to buy any amount of goods for personal or other use. Questions concerning work safety asked respondents about their satisfaction with steps taken to guarantee health and safety in the workplace and whether employers, government inspectors, worker representatives, company committees, or individual workers should contribute more or less in order to reduce work accidents or work-related illnesses. Responses were also elicited regarding whether health and safety in the workplace contribute to worker efficiency, benefits for the people, economic benefits, and costs that are difficult for the employer to cover. Issues surrounding interviewing and personal data were also investigated. Respondents were asked if interviewing is a proper scientific tool, whether the interview format allows people to express their opinions, and whether it enables decision-makers to take people's views into account. Respondents were also asked if interviewing represents a form of intrusion and whether people need legal protection against the misuse of data. Respondents also indicated whether they thought individuals should have the decision as to whether their personal information can be passed on to someone else. Respondents' attitudes and opinions about sun exposure were also probed. Questions included whether respondents thought sun exposure was good or bad for their health, how best to protect themselves from the sun, and what type of skin, eye color, and hair color they had. Questions also examined respondents' opinions on European currency. Demographic and other background information provided includes respondent's age, sex, marital status, and left-right political self-placement, as well as household income, the number of people residing in the home, and region of residence.

Curated

Eurobarometer 46.0: Personal Health, Energy, Development Aid, and the Common European Currency, October-November 1996 (ICPSR 6939)

Released/updated on: 2000-12-04

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 1996-10-12--1996-11-11

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures such as public awareness of and attitudes toward the European Union (EU), and also focused on personal health issues, the Common European Currency, energy questions, development aid, and the rights of EU citizens. Respondents were asked if they thought exposure to the sun was good or bad for their health, how best to protect themselves from the sun, what type of skin, eye, and hair color they had, and what information they had received about the "Europe Against Cancer" campaign. In regard to the Common European Currency, they provided their attitudes toward having one currency for all member states, and commented on how well-informed they were about this issue, if they knew about the conditions that member countries must meet in order to join the European Economic and Monetary Union, if their own country would be able to meet the requirements and what the consequences would be if it did not, when euro coins and notes might be introduced, how the introduction of the single currency should proceed, and how it would affect economic policies and transactions. Questions about energy use and consumption covered problems that could affect the environment, if respondents had made attempts to conserve energy use in recent years and how they might do so in the future, how effective public bodies were in saving energy, and whether energy investment decisions should be left to market forces or to public bodies. Views regarding the availability and cost of energy resources over the next ten years, the importance of nuclear energy, the role of taxes in energy consumption, and whether public or private transportation should be favored in traffic planning decisions were also elicited. A battery of questions about developing countries focused on whether respondents thought there was a need to help poorer countries to develop, whether their own governments provided development aid, whether the European Commission provided such aid and if so, how much, and whether such aid should be increased or decreased. Other questions probed for opinions on whether developing countries used aid money to purchase goods from the EU, whether the Community's aid should be made better known, and how profitable it was to invest in developing countries. Respondents were also asked if they thought Europe, the United States, or Japan was best placed to help poor people, where Europe's exports were sent, if development aid helped to solve certain social and economic problems, and if they felt they received accurate accounts about developing countries from newspapers and television news programs. A few questions also focused on perceptions of the rights of citizens of the EU and where information could be located about such rights. Citizens from Germany, Spain, France, Italy, and the United Kingdom were asked about their attitudes toward other EU countries, which countries should join the Monetary Union, how important the introduction of the single currency by January 1, 1999, was, and how likely it was that the deadline would be met. Demographic items included age, gender, marital status, household size, monthly income, education, size of community, region, and occupation.

Curated

Eurobarometer 46.1: Modern Biotechnology, Privacy on Computer Networks, and the Common European Currency, October-November 1996 (ICPSR 6940)

Released/updated on: 2000-12-14

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 1996-10-18--1996-11-22

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures such as public awareness of and attitudes toward the European Union (EU), and also focused on modern biotechnology, the common European currency, and privacy on computer networks. With respect to modern biotechnology issues, respondents were asked for their opinions regarding which organizations should regulate modern biotechnology, and the likelihood that in the next 20 years biotechnology would lead to events such as reducing environmental pollution and world hunger, creating dangerous new diseases, solving more crimes through genetic fingerprinting, curing genetic diseases, and producing designer babies. Computer network privacy issues covered respondents' worries about leaving "electronic tracks" of personal identifying information when using computer network services and concerns about the use of information collected from network services for advertising, or by shops, insurance companies, or public bodies. Other data protection questions probed for respondents' willingness to use new communication technologies and electronic services considering that someone else might use their personal information, awareness and concern about using a means of payment on networks that might leave tracks, awareness of laws that protect privacy, the importance of the EU trying to protect personal information, and the importance of worldwide privacy of personal information. Also covered were respondent interest in on-screen computer or television network technologies and in the capabilities these technologies provide, such as getting a medical opinion on a health issue, an on-line guided tour of a museum, receiving instant access to newspapers, taking part in a training program, making it easier to look for a job, taking part in discussion groups, receiving and sending electronic mail, managing bank and financial accounts, and organizing a trip. Common European currency items included whether respondents were for or against one European currency in all member states and why, how well-informed they felt about the common European currency, their knowledge of the conditions member countries must meet in order to join the European Economic and Monetary Union, when notes and coins in the European currency would be introduced, their own country's ability to take part in the Single European Currency in 1999, the consequences for not participating, and what the rate of introduction should be for the common European currency. Questions asked only in Sweden concerned attitudes toward expanding or reducing nuclear power, the respondent's three favorite activities, and highest level of education completed. Demographic items include age, gender, marital status, household size, monthly income, age when stopped full-time education, and occupation.

Curated

Eurobarometer 47.0: Images of Germany, Consumer Issues, Electronic Information, and Fair Trade Practices, January-February 1997 (ICPSR 2088)

Released/updated on: 2000-09-25

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 1997-01-29--1997-02-27

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures such as public awareness of and attitudes toward the European Union (EU), and also focused on Germany's image, consumer issues, electronic information services, and the purchase of fair trade products. Respondents were asked about their interest in Germany, the sources used to obtain information about Germany, and their opinion of German Chancellor Helmut Kohl with respect to his ability to further European integration. Respondents were also asked a series of questions relating to consumerism, with an emphasis on the quality of products sold, product safety, consumer protection, consumer legislation, consumer education, and product information. Also covered were prices, financial services, and the transition to the single European currency, the euro. Opinions were elicited on the quality of public services that have been or may be opened to competition, including water, gas, electricity, telephones, rubbish collection, hospitals, courts, mail, motorways, buses, railways, trams, subways, and air travel. A few questions probed for views on environmental issues such as the leading causes of environmental damage and proposed solutions. Other questions focused on respondent knowledge of and purchase of fair trade products. Respondents were asked how many bananas they bought, where and from whom they bought them, and whether they would pay more for bananas if they were produced according to fair trade conditions. Questions about electronic information concerned access to and interest in technologies such as satellite dishes, television decoders, teletext, minitel or videotext, video recorders, computers, CD-ROMs, fax, portable telephones, the Internet, pagers, and cable television. Demographic and other background information provided includes respondent's age, sex, marital status, and left-right political self-placement, as well as household income, number of people residing in the home, and region of residence.

Curated

Eurobarometer 48.0: Holiday Travel, October-November 1997 (ICPSR 2353)

Released/updated on: 2002-06-27

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 1997-10-12--1997-11-16

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, and how they viewed the need for societal change. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the European Union (EU), including how well-informed they felt about the EU, what sources of information about the EU they used, and whether their country had benefited from being an EU member. The surveys also questioned respondents on the common European currency, whether certain policy decisions (e.g., defense, environmental protection, currency, health and social welfare, education, etc.) should be made at the national or EU level, what criteria were important for deciding whether a new country should join the EU, how the enlargement of the EU would affect the current members countries, the EU Common Agricultural Policy, the Treaty of Amsterdam, the Basque Country, their thoughts about the 21st century, and their feelings toward people of other nationalities, races, and religions. A set of questions also asked about respondents' attitudes toward the European Parliament, how this organization defended their interests, and whether they planned to vote in the next elections to the Parliament scheduled in June of 1999. A major focus of the surveys was issues surrounding vacations and holiday travel. Respondents were asked whether they had taken a trip in 1997 and, if not, the reason they did not travel, whether they had ever been on a holiday and, if so, when they went on their first holiday and for what duration, what subsequent vacations they took, which countries and locales they visited, who accompanied them, and how they traveled to their destinations. Other questions focused on where respondents stayed during their holiday, what criteria they used to select a holiday destination, how much they would spend in the current year for their holiday, what type of payment (e.g., checks, credit card) they used, what types of local products they purchased, what kinds of places they visited, and what kinds of events they attended. They were asked who arranged their holiday, how they obtained information and how they rated tourist information in general, if they sought out tourist information before or while on vacation, and how satisfied they were if they had already taken a vacation during the year. They also indicated whether they planned to travel in the following year and, if so, specified their intended destination. Demographic characteristics collected include nationality, left-right political self-placement, gender, age, occupation, marital status, age at completion of education, number of people in household, family income, size of locality, region, and whether a telephone was available in the household. Selected standard Eurobarometer constructed variables and indices are also included. For a comparable survey from this series, see EURO-BAROMETER 25: HOLIDAY TRAVEL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, APRIL 1986 (ICPSR 8616).

Curated

Eurobarometer 52.0: European Parliament Elections, the Single European Currency, and Financial Services, October-November 1999 (ICPSR 2892)

Released/updated on: 2010-04-22

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 1999-10-15--1999-11-14

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, how important the role of the European Union (EU) will be in their daily life over the next five years, and how they viewed the need for societal change. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the EU, including how well-informed they felt about the EU, what sources of information about the EU they used, whether their country had benefited from being an EU member, and the extent of their personal interest in EU matters. Other major areas of focus in the surveys included European Parliament elections, the single European currency (the euro), and respondents' experiences with financial services. Respondents were asked which television news programs they watched, which newspaper(s) they read, and how much attention they gave to politics, social issues, the European Union, the economy, sports, the environment, foreign policy, and culture. They were also asked whether they voted in the most recent European Parliament elections, what their reasons were for voting or not voting, and how they viewed the importance and power of the European Parliament in the European Union. A number of questions probed for respondents' knowledge and use of the euro, whether they worried about changing to the euro, and what they thought about the timing of the change to the euro and about legislation surrounding the euro. Another set of questions queried respondents about financial services and obstacles to using those services, means of payment for important purchases, bank accounts, post office accounts, loans, and mortgages. Standard demographic information was collected on left-right political self-placement, marital status, age at completion of education, current age, sex, number of people in the household, number of children in the household, current occupation, previous occupation, household income,size of locality, and region of residence.

Curated

Eurobarometer 54.0: The Euro, Financial Services, and Information Communication Technologies, October-November 2000 (ICPSR 3208)

Released/updated on: 2010-04-22

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 2000-10-07--2000-11-13

This round of Eurobarometer surveys diverged from the standard Eurobarometer measures and queried respondents on the euro (the single European currency), financial services, and information communication technologies. Respondents were asked how informed and how interested they were in the euro, whether the euro's value had been irrevocably fixed against their national currencies, when the general public would be able to make cash-free payments in euros, and when it would no longer be possible to pay in national currencies. They were also asked whether they had already made payments or investments in euros and when they would change their bank accounts to be in euros only. A few questions asked about the euro logo, dual product pricing (prices listed in euros and in national currencies), whether respondents noticed dual prices in stores and, if so, which price they paid attention to, what certain items (e.g., cigarettes, eggs, shoes) would cost in euros, possible difficulties the changeover to the euro would cause for them and for the general public, and if they were worried about certain aspects of the changeover, such as coin and note recognition, being cheated, and making price comparisons. Questions regarding financial services probed for respondents' opinions on various financial institution functions, legislation surrounding financial services, consumer obstacles to using financial services in the European Union (EU), and the necessity of protecting consumers in the use of new technologies connected with financial services. The survey also collected information on respondents' payment preferences for major purchases, payments by telephone, computer, Internet, etc., savings accounts and loans, whether respondents had a checkbook, credit card, mortgage, or overdraft facility on a current account, and whether they were ready to use a pre-paid card to pay for minor purchases. Another set of questions, which focused on information communication technologies, asked whether respondents used a computer, e-mail, or the Internet, and if so, for what purpose, where, and if this changed the way they worked. Computer users were also asked where and why they learned how to use computers, what they used computers for, and what computer training qualifications they had. Currently employed respondents were asked about computer training for their jobs, how important it was to use a computer in their work, if they "teleworked" (i.e., worked away from their normal work place), and if so, in what ways telework affected them personally. Standard demographic information collected includes age, gender, occupation, age at completion of education, number of people in household, number of children under 15 in household, household income, size of locality, and region of residence.

Curated

Eurobarometer 54.1: Building Europe and the European Union, The European Parliament, Public Safety, and Defense Policy, November- December 2000 (ICPSR 3209)

Released/updated on: 2008-08-14

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Norway, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 2000-11-14--2000-12-19

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, and how they viewed the need for societal change. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the European Union (EU), including how well informed they felt about the EU, what sources of information about the EU they used, whether their country had benefited from being an EU member, and the extent of their personal interest in EU matters. The survey also elicited respondents' opinions about the European Parliament and other EU institutions. Those queried were asked how many European Parliament elections they voted in and if they were going to vote in the next one, how much impact the European Parliament had on their everyday lives, whether the European Parliament protected their interests, and which areas it should concentrate on in order to defend respondents' interests. Another set of questions, which focused on public safety, asked whether respondents felt safe in their neighborhoods, whether over the last year they had been attacked or seriously threatened and if so whether they reported it to the police, how often they personally encountered drug-related problems in their neighborhoods, whether somebody had ever broken into or tried to break into their homes, and if so, whether they subsequently took any protective measures. The survey also queried respondents about defense policy issues. Respondents were asked about the role of a European army, whether the EU should have a common defense and security policy, who should make decisions concerning defense in Europe, how this decision should be made within the EU, whether the European army should replace national armies, and what they thought about the EU swift intervention force of 60,000 men. Another focus of the survey was EU enlargement. Respondents were asked about measures that should be taken by the EU before enlargement, potential effects of this process, whether they were for or against enlargement, fears connected with building the EU, what countries they would be in favor of or against becoming new members, what criteria were important in deciding whether a country should join the EU, and whether after enlargement the EU decisions should be made unanimously or by majority. Additional questions queried respondents about the euro, the EU's budget spending, priorities for the EU initiatives, areas in which decisions should be made by national governments and jointly with the EU, a common foreign policy toward countries outside the EU, national versus pan-European pride, satisfaction with democracy, expectations for 2001, and level of trust in different institutions. Respondents were also asked how often they watched news on TV, read news in daily papers, and listened to the news on the radio. They also expressed their opinions on the amount and quality of coverage given to the EU on TV, in newspapers, and on the radio. Standard demographic information collected includes age, gender, occupation, nationality, marital status, political orientation, vote intention, age at completion of education, number of people in household, number of children under 15 in household, household income, size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (for select countries).

Curated

Eurobarometer 55.0: European Union Enlargement, the Euro, and Dialogue on Europe, March-April 2001 (ICPSR 3340)

Released/updated on: 2010-05-05

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 2001-03-05--2001-04-24

This round of Eurobarometer surveys, which diverged from the standard topics, focused on respondents' views regarding the enlargement of the European Union, public discussions on the future of Europe (Dialogue on Europe), and the single European currency, the euro. Given a list of 21 European countries that were not European Union (EU) members plus Morocco, respondents were asked which countries they had heard of, which they had visited or planned to visit, which they had ties to, which they thought had been accepted as candidates to join the European Union, which should be the first to join, which should not join, and which countries they wanted to know more about in terms of various topical areas. Those polled were asked a number of questions about the planned EU enlargement, such as how many countries should be allowed to join, which member countries would benefit most from enlargement, whether enlargement would benefit respondents' personal lives, how they rated the development of the European Union, their level of satisfaction with the speed of enlargement, and which criteria should govern whether applicants were admitted to the EU. Opinions were elicited on a number of possible effects of enlargement, some possible negative effects of participation in the EU in general, whether enlargement would cause an increase in immigration from Eastern and Central Europe, and whether respondents viewed increased immigration as positive or negative. Further questions focused on the euro. Respondents were asked how well informed they felt about the euro, what their sources of information were, which countries had decided to adopt the euro as their national currency, when coins and notes in euros would be introduced in their countries, when it would be possible to pay in euros by check or card, and when it would no longer be possible to pay in the respondents' national currencies. Those surveyed were also asked to give their views on the possible effects of the introduction of the euro, how smoothly the transition from national currencies to the euro would be, when they would start paying in euros, and whether the introduction of the euro would have generally positive or negative consequences. A final set of items focused on the Dialogue on Europe, a series of public discussions and debates instituted to encourage citizens to express their views on the future of Europe. Respondents stated whether they would find participation in this program interesting, which topics should be included, whether they would be interested in actually participating in the discussions, and, if so, which day and time would be most convenient. They were also asked what would motivate them to participate in the public discussions, their preferred mode of participation, who should initiate the discussions, their preferred sources of information about European issues, and their level of interest in the contents of their national constitution and the treaties of the EU. Background information on respondents includes political preference, marital/relationship status, education level, gender, age, occupation, area of residence, age at completion of education, subjective size of community, nationality, and income.

Curated

Eurobarometer 55.1: Globalization and Humanitarian Aid, April-May 2001 (ICPSR 3361)

Released/updated on: 2010-06-29

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 2001-04-12--2001-05-23

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present lives, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, and whether they discussed political matters. Additional questions focused on respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the European Union (EU), including how well informed they felt about the EU, what sources of information about the EU they used, and whether their country had benefited from being an EU member. Another major focus of the surveys was globalization. Respondents were asked about the effects of globalization and trade liberalization, whether the EU was in favor of international free trade, and which institution should take the effects of globalization under control. Those polled presented their knowledge of the World Trade Organization, gave their opinions about who was the largest exporter of products and services in the world, specified the aspects of trade negotiations that should be considered by the EU, and commented on whether it was good that the EU negotiated international trade issues on behalf of all EU member states. Humanitarian aid was another major topic of the surveys. Respondents were queried as to which institutions funding humanitarian aid they knew about, how well informed they felt about the Humanitarian Aid Office (ECHO), which sources of information about ECHO they used, whether European citizens should be informed about aid activities funded by the EU, and, if so, what sorts of information should be available. Questions were also posed regarding whether it was important to fund humanitarian aid activities outside the EU, whether humanitarian aid was more effective when provided by each government separately or by the EU collectively, and whether the EU should increase its spending on humanitarian aid activities. Those polled were also asked about the single European currency, effects of the EU enlargement, common EU foreign policy and defense and security policy, whether the EU should have a constitution, what languages they spoke, and how often they watched news on TV, read news in papers, and listened to news on the radio. Demographic and other background information provided includes respondent's age, gender, nationality, marital status, left-right political self-placement, occupation, age at completion of education, household income, region of residence, and subjective size of community.

Curated

Eurobarometer 55.2: Science and Technology, Agriculture, the Euro, and Internet Access, May-June 2001 (ICPSR 3341)

Released/updated on: 2010-06-30

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 2001-05-10--2001-06-15

This round of Eurobarometer surveys, which diverged from the standard topics, focused on respondents' views of science and technology, the Internet, agriculture, and the single European currency, the euro. Respondents were asked to identify the scientific and technological developments in which they were most interested and to rank a number of information sources in their importance as sources of information about science and technology. They were asked if they had visited a museum of science and technology or another type of public museum in the past 12 months and how they would rate a variety of subjects, including such fields as biology, history, and astrology, in terms of whether or not they were scientific. A number of factual questions drawn from various scientific areas were posed, and respondents also gave their opinions on several other topics, including mad cow disease, genetically engineered food, how a drug should be tested for effectiveness, and the role of science and technology in safeguarding the environment and improving life in general. Other items measured respondents' level of trust in science, respondents' views on the role science and technology should have in improving the economy, and the potential benefits or harmful effects of science. Respondents also expressed their views on the role of ethics and responsibility in scientific research, who should be blamed for the mad cow disease problem and how such problems should be prevented. Other items elicited respondents' views on media coverage of scientific and technological topics, their levels of trust in and regard for various professions, the possible reasons for a declining interest in scientific careers among European young people, and the potential effects of that decline. The European Union (EU) was a focus of several questions, including which policy areas respondents believed the EU was active in, which it should be active in, and whether respondents supported research at the European, as opposed to the national, level. They also answered a number of questions designed to elicit their opinions on the current state of European research and how it could be improved. Respondents were asked to give their views on the EU agriculture policy, such as what its purpose was, what its purpose should be, and whether it had been effective in achieving its purpose. Further questions focused on the euro, including respondents' level of interest in the euro, how well informed they believed they were about the euro, and other questions designed to gauge their general knowledge of the euro. Respondents were asked whether they had used the euro before, if not, the reasons why, and their likelihood of using the euro in the future. Other items queried respondents about dual pricing in shops where prices in both the euro and national currency were displayed and the impending changeover from national currencies to the euro. An additional set of questions focused on the Internet. Respondents stated whether they used the Internet, and if so, where. If they did not use the Internet, respondents were asked to state the reasons why, and how they could be encouraged to use it. Respondents also described any computer training they had received, and the sorts of information they would like to find on the Internet. Finally, respondents who used the Internet were asked to identify the ways the Internet had changed their daily lives and, if they did not use the Internet, the ways in which they expected the Internet to change their daily lives. Demographic data on respondents includes nationality, political affiliation, marital status, education, gender, age, occupation, and income.

Curated

Eurobarometer 56.2: Radioactive Waste, Demographic Issues, the Euro, and European Union Enlargement, October-November 2001 (ICPSR 3476)

Released/updated on: 2006-11-17

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 2001-10-13--2001-11-19

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, and how they viewed the need for societal change. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions about the European Union (EU), including how well-informed they felt about the EU, what sources of information about the EU they used, and whether their country had benefited from being an EU member. In relation to politics, respondents were asked whether the process of decision-making about select issues should be done by their country alone, the EU or jointly, and whether the EU should develop a constitution and common foreign, defense and security policies. A major focus of the survey included the euro, EU enlargement, radioactive waste, family planning, and Internet usage. A battery of questions was posed to respondents regarding how well-informed they were about the euro, whether replacing national currencies with the euro was a good idea, how comfortable they felt using the euro, and the future effects of the introduction of the euro. Another set of questions sought respondents' opinions on EU enlargement including which countries they favored become EU members and associated criteria for membership, the future effects of enlargement, how well-informed they were about EU enlargement and what sources they sought to obtain information regarding this subject. For the next topic, respondents were asked about how well- informed they were about radioactive waste, what institutions they would trust in their country or in other EU countries to provide information about this subject, production of radioactive waste, waste disposal and the costs for the construction of an underground disposal site, and their knowledge and concerns regarding radioactive waste management in their home countries, the EU, and in countries wishing to join the EU. Family planning was also addressed by the surveys, as respondents were queried about their ideal family size, the number of children they had, how old they were when they had their first child, and how many children they wanted to have. In addition, the survey asked respondents whether they used the Internet, and if so, how often and from what location. Other demographic and background information provided includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, left-right political self-placement, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, household income, type and size of locality, and region of residence.

Curated

Eurobarometer 56.3: Getting Information on Europe and European Union Enlargement, January-February 2002 (ICPSR 3480)

Released/updated on: 2010-04-22

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 2002-01-22--2002-02-28

This round of Eurobarometer surveys diverged from standard trend questions and queried respondents on (1) media exposure and information behavior, (2) European Union (EU) enlargement and its expected effects, and (3) support for European integration and decision-making in the EU. For the first topic, media exposure, respondents from each EU member country were asked to identify the specific types of media they accessed regularly (among a variety of television channels, daily and weekly newspapers, magazines, and radio stations) and the types of television programs they watched most frequently. In regard to information behavior, respondents were asked to identify what sources of media they used to obtain information about the EU, as well as which topics they preferred to find out about through television or daily newspapers. The survey also queried respondents about their opinion of how informatively, objectively, or favorably television or daily newspapers presented news about the EU. In addition, respondents were asked about the extent of their interest in certain topics and their desire to obtain more information. Such topics include issues pertaining to the EU, facts about EU candidate countries, the opinions of people residing in other EU countries, and the contents of the respondent's national constitution and the treaties of the EU. Respondents were also polled about their knowledge and use of information services provided by the EU, their satisfaction with information received from these types of services, and how they preferred to communicate suggestions to the EU. For respondents who use the Internet, the survey asked them to identify their Internet access location, how often and why they visit the EU Web site (Europa), and topics they would like to find on the Internet, while all respondents were asked whether they would communicate with EU decision-makers online. For the second topic, EU enlargement and its expected effects, the survey polled respondents about their knowledge of EU candidate countries, whether they had visited or plan on visiting these countries, and with which countries they have connections. Respondents were asked about their views regarding how well-informed they felt about EU enlargement, which member countries would benefit from enlargement, criteria for membership, the positive and negative effects of the inclusion of new countries and the immigration of citizens, satisfaction with life in the future, and their participation in political debate about enlargement. For the final topic, support for European integration and decision-making in the EU, respondents were asked to identify the two most positive and negative aspects of the EU, as well as evaluate their favor towards the EU, the EU's priorities and effectiveness as a government, and the influence individuals, groups, and EU member nations have upon decision-making within the EU. In addition, the survey polled respondents about their attachment towards their community, region, country and the EU, and whether an advantage or disadvantage exists for their country, as an EU member, in defending its own interests. The survey also asked respondents other questions, including whether they support or oppose particular EU proposals or policies, whether politicians should express their views more often through the media, and to identify a responsible communications representative for the EU. Demographic and other background information includes respondent age, gender, nationality, marital status, left-right political self-placement, age when stopped full-time education, voting preferences for a "General Election" and referendum on the euro, household income, occupation, type and size of community, region of residence, and language of interview.

Curated

Eurobarometer 57.1: European Union Enlargement, the European Parliament, and the Euro, March-May 2002 (ICPSR 3521)

Released/updated on: 2007-02-12

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 2002-03-29--2002-05-01

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, what actions the European Union (EU) should undertake as a priority, and how they viewed the need for societal change. Additional questions focused on respondents' knowledge and opinions about the EU, including how well-informed they felt about the EU, what sources of information about the EU they used, whether their country had benefited from being an EU member, and the extent of their personal interest in EU matters. Another major focus of the surveys was EU enlargement. Respondents were asked about their opinions in regard to how well-informed they felt about EU enlargement, which countries they favor to join the EU, the effects of enlargement, and EU decision-making among the member states after enlargement. The second major focus of the surveys was the European Parliament (EP). Those polled were asked about their voting practices for different types of elections, likes and dislikes about the EP, the effects of government activities and decisions, and their exposure to information about the EP through media or personal contact with the EP, as well as their interest in obtaining more information about the EP. For the final major focus, the euro, certain respondents were asked to provide their opinion about the replacement of national currencies with the euro, the future effects of the introduction of the euro, and their comfort in using the euro. For respondents in countries where the euro was introduced, the poll solicited their opinions regarding price display in euros and in their national currency, and need for these indicators, and queried them about their methods and practices in converting prices between these currencies. Respondents were also asked their opinion about the attributes of euro notes and coinage, the rounding of prices, and their experience in using the euro and with the changeover from their national currency to the euro. In addition, the survey asked respondents to identify who helped them most during the introduction of the euro, to estimate the cost of certain items in euros, and whether they had heard about or benefited from a Euro information campaign directed towards disabled citizens. Respondents were also asked about the presence of foreign coins in their country, their attachment to the euro or their national currency, and their identity as a European in using the euro. For certain countries, respondents were asked whether they had seen the euro logo in shops, and whether the presence of the logo had affected their confidence in the store. Other survey questions included whether respondents were afraid of organized crime and certain disaster situations, as well as particular scenarios in relation to EU enlargement, whether decision-making about select issues should be done by a member country alone or jointly with the EU, and whether the EU should develop a constitution, as well as common foreign, defense, and security policies. In addition, respondents were asked about their opinion regarding the electoral processes of the EU government and member states, and tax revenue, while respondents in Spain were asked about the EU presidency. Demographic and other background information collected includes respondent age, gender, nationality, marital status, left-right political self-placement, age when stopped full-time education, household income, occupation, type and size of community, region of residence, and language of interview.

Curated

Eurobarometer 58.1: The Euro, European Enlargement, and Financial Services, October-November 2002 (ICPSR 3731)

Released/updated on: 2010-04-26

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 2002-10-01--2002-11-05

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, and what the priorities of the European Union (EU) should be. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions about the European Union, including how well informed they felt about the EU, what sources of information about the EU they used, and whether their country had benefited from being an EU member. Other variables included respondents' expectations regarding employment, and their present and future economic and financial situation. Opinions regarding various European institutions, such as the European Parliament, the European Central Bank, and the Economic and Social Committee of the European Union were elicited. Respondents were asked whether issues such as defense, currency, and cultural policy should be handled by the nation's government or jointly with the EU, and whether issues such as welcoming new member countries, protecting the environment, or fighting terrorism were priorities the EU should undertake. Respondents were asked whether it was a good thing that the euro replaced their national currency, how comfortable they felt using the euro, to what degree they were attached to the single currency, whether they still felt a personal attachment to their previous currency, whether they felt that in the conversion to the euro, prices had generally been rounded down, rounded up, or not rounded at all, and whether they felt this was the case in all areas or only in certain areas. Respondents were further queried on their views regarding the EU enlargement. Specifically, respondents were asked how informed they were about the EU enlargement, whether they had read, seen, or been told about the enlargement via various media such as radio, newspapers, television, the Internet, books, brochures, or national or regional government offices, whether they were in favor of or opposed to particular countries joining the EU, their preferred option for the immediate future of the EU with regard to the enlargement (i.e., whether the EU should include all, some, or none of the countries wishing to join), whether certain groups (small or large businesses, the elderly, and ethnic minorities) would benefit or lose out as a result of enlargement, and whether they agreed or disagreed with statements regarding the EU enlargement (e.g., having more countries in the EU will mean more guaranteed peace and security in Europe, the EU should financially help future member countries before they join, and the EU should reform the way its institutions work before welcoming new members). Questions regarding financial services probed for respondents' opinions on whether consumer protection standards should be harmonized within the EU, obstacles preventing consumers from using financial services in the EU, and what sort of feelings the respondent had when thinking about their finances and financial services (e.g., comforted or intimidated). Respondents were asked to identify their top three financial priorities, choosing from the following: paying bills, paying off debt, buying a house, providing financial security for family in the event of unemployment, and saving for emergencies or retirement. Respondents were also asked to provide information on whether they had a checkbook, credit cards, life insurance policy, car and other loans, mortgage, or stocks/shares, and whether they would consider obtaining any of these items from another country. The survey also collected information on respondents' preferred method of paying for significant purchases (e.g., with cash, check, credit card, or bank transfer) inside and outside of their own country, and the reasons for this payment preference. Finally, respondents indicated whether or not they agreed with a series of statements regarding financial institutions, such as (1) having a bank account is too expensive, (2) buying on credit is more useful than dangerous, (3) the marketing techniques of financial institutions are aggressive, (4) financial transactions are generally secure, and (5) transactions on the Internet are generally secure. Demographic and other background information collected includes respondents' age, gender, nationality, marital status, left-right political self-placement, occupation, age at completion of education, household income, type and size of locality, and region of residence.

Curated

Eurobarometer 59.1: The Euro and Parental Leave, March-April 2003 (ICPSR 3930)

Released/updated on: 2010-04-29

Geographic coverage: Europe, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 2003-03-18--2003-04-30

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, and what the European Union's priorities should be. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions about the European Union (EU), including sources of information about the EU and whether their country had benefited from being an EU member. Respondents were also asked how informed they were about EU enlargement, their preferred option for the immediate future of the EU as it concerned the enlargement (i.e., whether the EU should include all, some, or none of the countries wishing to join), and whether they agreed or disagreed with statements regarding the EU enlargement (e.g., whether having more countries in the EU would mean more guaranteed peace and security in Europe, whether the EU should financially help future member countries before they join, and whether the EU should reform the way its institutions work before welcoming new members). In addition to the selected standard trend variables (which included additional questions about the perception of and attitudes toward the European Parliament, the European Convention, and the United States of America), the survey also elicited respondents' opinions about the euro and its introduction as the common European currency. Respondents were asked a series of questions about dual pricing (prices in both the euro and their own respective national currency), its usefulness and necessity, whether they felt handling eight coins was complicated, the usefulness of 1- and 2-cent coins, and whether some of the coins should be replaced by notes. General attitudes regarding the euro replacing their national currency and whether the euro made the respondent feel more European were also assessed. Finally, respondents were asked questions about parental leave, more specifically about the attitudes of men toward taking time off from the workforce for parental leave. Questions addressed the main reasons that would encourage or discourage fathers from taking parental leave. Demographic variables include gender, age, marital status,occupation, and household income.

Curated

Eurobarometer 60.0: Consumer Rights, Data Protection, Education Through Sport, Product Safety, E-Commerce, Attitudes Towards People With Disabilities, and the Euro, September 2003 (ICPSR 3951)

Released/updated on: 2010-06-14

Geographic coverage: Europe, Northern Ireland, Portugal, Global, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Great Britain, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany

Time period: 2003-09-01--2003-09-30

This round of Eurobarometer surveys diverged from the standard trends questions, instead focusing on public opinion in the following major areas: consumer rights, personal data protection, education through sport, product safety, e-commerce, persons with disabilities, and national currency. Respondents were asked about opportunities to settle disputes with a seller or service provider including actions taken to settle dispute and type of product or service. A number of questions asked regarded the current justice system including the respondents' level of trust in the system, areas that need improvement, and what resources are available to protect consumer rights. Respondents were also asked about whether they were concerned with the privacy of their personal data. Questions sought the respondents' level of trust in national organizations, opinion of what data protection laws should entail, and whether they had used tools or technology to protect personal data. Respondents were also asked about their participation in sports activities. Questions included how often they perform recreational activities, where they exercise, what are the benefits and values of sports, and what are the anticipated outcomes due to the negative aspects of sports. Regarding safety instructions, respondents were asked if they purchase domestic electrical appliances. A number of questions focused on product safety information. Respondents were asked whether they read and obey the information provided on the product, whether the information impacted their purchase and/or use of the product, and the most effective way to provide product instructions. Several questions asked the respondent to recognize safety symbols labeled on the product, the symbol's effectiveness, and whether it impacted their purchase decision. Respondents were also asked whether they purchased products on the internet, how often, concerns regarding their internet transactions, why they purchased online, and from what Web sites they purchased. Other questions asked regarded the security of internet transactions including the respondents knowledge of consumer rights, internet security, protection laws concerning internet purchases, who they contacted if help was needed, and their past experience with complaints on internet transactions. Respondents were also asked questions about persons with disabilities including knowledge of European programs for persons with disabilities, their knowledge of various types of disabilities, and their view of persons with disabilities. Lastly, respondents in the euro-zone, were asked questions that pertained to national currency including how pleased they were with the establishment of the Euro as the universal currency. Demographic and other background information collected includes respondents' age, gender, marital status, nationality, left-right political self-placement, age at completion of education, occupation, household income group, type and size of locality, and region of residence.

Curated

Eurobarometer 65.1: The Future of Europe, Transborder Purchases in the European Union, and Family Planning, February-March 2006 (ICPSR 20321)

Released/updated on: 2010-06-03

Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Lithuania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Spain, Czech Republic, Belgium, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia

Time period: 2006-02-20--2006-03-24

This round of Eurobarometer surveys diverged from the standard Eurobarometer measures and queried respondents on their opinions regarding the future of Europe, consumer protection for transborder purchases, family planning, and overall opinions and experiences of making transborder purchases within the internal market of the European Union (EU). The first part of the interview concerned the future of Europe. To start the interview, respondents were asked questions regarding their knowledge and support of EU enlargement, as well as their interest in domestic and European affairs. Respondents gave their views on decision-making at the European level, the effects of European unification, the possible harmonization of social welfare systems within the EU, and the impact of the euro. Next, questions were asked regarding consumer protection in the internal market of the EU. Respondents gave their views on consumer security for transborder purchases, the return of products within a cooling-off period, consumer contract terms, and the purchasing of financial services. Questions were also asked regarding the receipt of unsolicited advertisements that may be fraudulent, deceptive or misleading, respondents' experiences with cross-border shopping, the purchase of travel packages within the EU, and the overall provision of safety information for consumers. The third portion of the interview collected information on respondents' views in regard to family planning. Questions were asked regarding ideal family size, the timing of giving birth to and raising children, decision-making in having another child, and the future of respondents' household situations. Respondents gave their views on the roles of men and women in raising children, the ideal ages for men and women to have children, and solutions for potential shortages in the workforce. The last topic of the survey addressed consumers' overall opinions and experiences within the internal market of the EU. A series of questions addressed the impact of the European Single Market, transborder purchases of goods and services, and the potential for travel or change of residency to another member state in order to work or to attend school. Respondents gave their views concerning citizens' rights in the Single Market, seeking assistance within the Single Market, as well as their preferences in taking out a mortgage or insurance policy in another member state of the EU. Background information includes respondent's age, gender, parental origin of birth, marital status, left/right political self-placement, occupation, age when they stopped full-time education, household composition, national provenance, telephone equipment, attendance at religious services, and possession of major consumer durables.

Curated

Eurobarometer 67.3: Health Care Service, Undeclared Work, EU Relations With Its Neighbor Countries, and Development Aid, May-June 2007 (ICPSR 21521)

Released/updated on: 2010-06-29

Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Spain, Czech Republic, Turkey, Belgium, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia

Time period: 2007-05-25--2007-06-27

This round of Eurobarometer surveys diverged from the Standard Eurobarometer measure and queried respondents on (1) health, long term care, and the dependent elderly (2) undeclared work, (3) the European Union's (EU) relationship with neighboring countries, and development aid, and (4) euro coins. For the first special topic, respondents were asked to assess their health status, life expectancy, whether they have significant impairment in participating in certain activities of daily living, and their experience with health care services, including access and cost. In addition, respondents were asked to identify persons in need of long term care, to provide their opinion and experiences in the planning and provision of long term care for the elderly, including the health care costs, and to evaluate the risk that dependent elders are being exposed to abuse and need for future personal care requirements. The second special topic, undeclared work, respondents were asked to identify their knowledge of persons who work without declaring income to tax or social security institutions, and the characteristics and reasons of those who would most likely do so. Respondents also evaluated the risk of being detected in not declaring income for which supplementary bills or fines may be issued, and sanctions expected to be implemented by authorities in response to a certain amount of income that is undeclared. The survey also queried respondents about services and goods acquired from an individual or group associated with undeclared work, and undeclared payment received from their employer and portion of gross yearly income this comprises, and their opinion about these practices. In addition, respondents identified the type and frequency of undeclared work in which they participated, amount of income received for this work, and the reasons this work was completed and for whom, and consequences in working undeclared. In addition, respondents assessed the legitimacy of certain behaviors pertaining to public and private economic transactions. As the next special topic, the survey examines respondents' knowledge of which countries currently plan to join the EU, which countries neighbor the EU, the European Neighborhood policy, and obtaining information about developmental aid. Pertaining to this policy, respondents were asked to assess the relationship between the EU and neighboring countries, and the importance of issues which would affect this relationship, including providing economic assistance. Respondents provided their opinion in regard to developmental aid the EU provides to the poor, the efficiency of providing aid through each member state or the European Commission, which donor provides the most aid to developing countries, and priorities for the EU in disbursing developmental aid. For the final special topic, respondents were asked about their knowledge of the sides of euro coins, to identify the genuineness and value of particular coins, to describe their experiences in accepting a fake, or a non-euro coin or coin-like object, and their opinion in regard to the national sides of the coins which differ among each country in the EU. Demographic and other background information includes respondent's age, estimate of life expectancy, gender, nationality, origin of birth (personal and parental), marital status, left-to-right political self-placement, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or a mobile telephone and other durable goods, type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries). Respondents were also queried about their family size, including the number of children birthed, ages of their mother and father, and the housing situation for their child or parent, including distance from respondent. The survey also collected information such as the job sector in which the respondent currently works, number employed by respondent's employer, gross income, and hours worked per week at formal employment.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Eurobarometer 71.1: European Parliament and Elections, Economic Crisis, Climate Change, and Chemical Products, January-February 2009 (ICPSR 28181)

Released/updated on: 2013-09-20

Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Spain, Czech Republic, Turkey, Belgium, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Macedonia, Germany, Estonia

Time period: 2009-01-16--2009-02-21

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as whether they discussed political matters, how satisfied they were with their present life, and their view on the current economic and/or employment situation in their household and country, in the European Union (EU), and in the world. Additionally, respondents were asked what expectations they had for the next 12 months, and what important issues were being faced personally and in their country. Additional questions focused on the respondents' opinions on the EU, including whether their country had benefited from being an EU member, as well as the overall direction of their country, the EU, and the United States, and their trust in certain institutions. The survey queried respondents on their personal financial situations, their views of the lives of children today, views of being socially excluded or becoming homeless, and their trust in the information media. Finally, respondents were asked about their voting behavior in the last parliamentary election in their country and their political party attachment. A second major focus of the surveys was the European Parliament and elections. Respondents were asked about their knowledge and impression of the European Parliament, and their opinions on its role, its policies, and its values. In addition, respondents identified the date of the next European elections, their interest and the likelihood of voting in the June 2009 elections, their decision-making criteria when choosing a candidate, their reasons for not voting in the elections, and the main themes on which the campaign for the next elections should concentrate. A third major focus was the economic crisis. The survey queried respondents about the present and future repercussions of the economic crisis, which type of government or other entity is most capable of dealing most effectively with the crisis, the role of the EU and member states in the crisis, whether the adoption or non-adoption of the euro positively or negatively affected the economy of their country, and their opinion of the policies aimed at alleviating the crisis. A fourth major focus was climate change. Respondents indicated their views on how climate change ranked in importance among the world's problems, the seriousness of climate change, and how well-informed they felt about this matter. In addition, respondents were asked about their knowledge of climate change, and the actions aimed to fight it. A fifth and final major focus was chemical products. The survey asked respondents to identify which consumer products contain chemicals that pose a risk to the user, the extent of risk and worry in using certain products, and who they trusted for protection against health and environmental hazards. In addition, respondents were queried on their knowledge of chemical substance exposure, which information sources they preferred and trusted for safety and safe use information about chemical products, the labeling of chemical substances in consumer products, and whether the producer of a chemical product should be held legally responsible for any harm caused by it. Respondents were also asked about reading product instructions, product usage of sunscreen and hair dyes, and the potential health risks and effects of certain chemical substances. Demographic and other background information includes age, gender, nationality, origin of birth (personal and parental), marital status, age when stopped full-time education, occupation, left-right political self-placement, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone and other durable goods, type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Eurobarometer 72.4: Globalization, Financial and Economic Crisis, Social Change and Values, EU Policies and Decision Making, and Global Challenges, October-November 2009 (ICPSR 30461)

Released/updated on: 2013-03-19

Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Spain, Czech Republic, Turkey, Belgium, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Macedonia, Germany, Estonia

Time period: 2009-10-23--2009-11-18

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.

This round of Eurobarometer surveys includes the standard modules and covers the following special topics: (1) globalization, (2) the financial and economic crisis, (3) social change and values in the EU, (4) the representation of regional and local public authorities in the EU, (5) competitiveness and decision making in the EU, (6) EU policy priorities, and (7) global challenges. Questions pertain to household financial situation, opinions on performance of the EU economy, national currency and the euro, taxation, unemployment, actions taken by the EU in response to the financial crisis, and attitudes towards globalization. Other questions address country identification, opinions of various EU policies, the economic recovery, important values for the EU and society, global threats, and climate change.

Demographic and other background information includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, left-right political self-placement, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Eurobarometer 75.2: Economic Crisis, Volunteer Work, the Environment, Audiovisual Interests, and Helplines for Social Services, April-May 2011 (ICPSR 34265)

Released/updated on: 2015-09-16

Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Global, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Romania, Hungary, Europe, United Kingdom, Spain, Czech Republic, Belgium, European Union, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Estonia

Time period: 2011-04-13--2011-05-04

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology.

This round of Eurobarometer surveys covers the following special topics: (1) the economic crisis, (2) volunteer work, (3) the environment, (4) interests and access to audiovisuals, and (5) helplines for social services. Questions in this survey pertain to the effect of the euro on the economic crisis, proper country and EU response to the economy's problems, appropriate response to food shortages and rising food prices, and European Parliament policy priorities. Respondents were asked for their opinions concerning volunteering and how often they volunteered, the importance of environmental protection, environmental issues that worried them and the best way to address these issues, and personal efforts to protect the environment. Other questions address the type, source and frequency of audiovisual content consumed. Lastly, respondents were queried on knowledge and opinions of telephone hotlines and helplines for services of social value.

Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status and parental relations, left-right political self-placement, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or a mobile telephone and other durable goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Eurobarometer 77.3: Europe 2020, the Financial and Economic Crisis, European Citizenship and European Values, May 2012 (ICPSR 34676)

Released/updated on: 2013-06-25

Geographic coverage: Cyprus, Portugal, Iceland, Malta, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Serbia, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, United Kingdom, Spain, Czech Republic, Turkey, Belgium, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Macedonia, Germany, Montenegro, Estonia

Time period: 2012-05-12--2012-05-27

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general sociopolitical orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology. This round of Eurobarometer surveys covers the standard modules and the following special topics: (1) Europe 2020, (2) the financial and economic crisis, (3) European citizenship, and (4) European values. Questions pertain to opinions about EU values and priorities for the next decade, attitudes towards globalization, and EU initiatives to recover from the financial crisis. Other questions address respondents' knowledge of EU policies and institutions, views and expectation of European citizenship, and the European Citizens' Initiative. Demographic and other background information includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone, quality of life, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, Internet use, type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

Curated

German Election Study, 1995 (Politbarometer East) (ICPSR 34819)

Released/updated on: 2013-07-30

Geographic coverage: Europe, Germany, Global

Time period: 1995-01-01--1995-12-01

The Politbarometer series of German Election Studies has been administered monthly since 1977. Surveys were conducted only in West Germany until 1990, when East German Politbarometers were added to the series. The surveys are intended to assess the attitudes and opinions of eligible German voters on current events and problems, as well as on parties and politicians. This data collection consists of a cumulative file of the monthly Politbarometer East surveys for 1995, which queried citizens of the former East Germany. In these surveys, certain political questions were asked each month, while other topical questions were asked irregularly or only once. The following list of topics include: (1) Topics consistently covered in monthly Politbarometer administrations include: voting intention and party preference - voting behavior in the last federal parliamentary elections - sympathy scale for the parties - satisfaction with democracy, the activities of the federal government, and opposition parties - interest of the respondent in politics and a self-assessed position on a left-right political continuum - assessment of the economic situation in the Federal Republic (and anticipated further development) and the respondent's own economic situation (and expected development) - the competence of the government and opposition parties in ensuring the security of jobs and pensions, and seeing to improvements in the economy and environmental protection - assessments of the reputations of party leaders - comparison of the social conditions of Germany with those of neighboring West European countries - attitude toward an increased acceptance of world political power through a united Germany - perceived military threats - assessment of the security of peace in Europe - attitude toward nuclear power - attitude toward German reunification - opinion on the right of asylum in Germany - general attitude toward foreigners - evaluation of different beliefs in relation to abortion - perceived advantages arising from membership in the European Union - assessment of the most important problem confronting the German Federal Republic. (2) Topics covered in this data collection that may be unique to this survey year include: opinions of various political parties, including the Freie Demokratische Partei or Liberal Democratic Party (FDP), the Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus or Democratic Socialist Party (PDS), the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands or Social Democratic Party (SPD), and the Green Party - party coalition preferences - prospective federal Chancellor candidates and selected party leaders - comparison of economic and social conditions between East and West and opinion of federal government efforts to achieve equivalent living conditions in both parts of Germany - topical foreign policy issues, including Russian politics and the conflict in Chechnya, the United Nations and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) interventions in Bosnia, French nuclear tests in the South Pacific, and the Turkish conflict in Kurdistan - views on the meaning of the outcome of World War II and perceived current danger from National Socialism - issues pertaining to automobiles, including traffic conditions and high ozone values - views on current industry/labor issues, including wages, job preservation, work week length, current contract negotiations between the metal industry and the IG-Metall (metal workers' union), and issues dealing with the German hard coal industry - attitudes toward a common European currency, environmental protection, welfare, crime, and nuclear power. Demographic information on respondents includes sex, age, marital status, occupation and employment status, religious preference, and trade union membership.

Curated

German Election Study, 1995 (Politbarometer West) (ICPSR 34818)

Released/updated on: 2013-07-30

Geographic coverage: Europe, Germany, Global

Time period: 1995-01-01--1995-12-01

The Politbarometer series of German Election Studies has been administered monthly since 1977. Surveys were conducted only in West Germany until 1990, when East German Politbarometers were added to the series. The surveys are intended to assess the attitudes and opinions of eligible German voters on current events and problems, as well as on parties and politicians. This data collection consists of a cumulative file of the monthly Politbarometer West surveys for 1995, which queried citizens of the former West Germany. In these surveys, certain political questions were asked each month, while other topical questions were asked irregularly or only once. The following list of topics include: (1) Topics consistently covered in monthly Politbarometer administrations include: voting intention and party preference - voting behavior in the last federal parliamentary elections - sympathy scale for the parties - satisfaction with democracy, the activities of the federal government, and opposition parties - interest of the respondent in politics and a self-assessed position on a left-right political continuum - assessment of the economic situation in the Federal Republic (and anticipated further development) and the respondent's own economic situation (and expected development) - the competence of the government and opposition parties in ensuring the security of jobs and pensions, and seeing to improvements in the economy and environmental protection - assessments of the reputations of party leaders - comparison of the social conditions of Germany with those of neighboring West European countries - attitude toward an increased acceptance of world political power through a united Germany - perceived military threats - assessment of the security of peace in Europe - attitude toward nuclear power - attitude toward German reunification - opinion on the right of asylum in Germany - general attitude toward foreigners - evaluation of different beliefs in relation to abortion - perceived advantages arising from membership in the European Union - assessment of the most important problem confronting the German Federal Republic. (2) Topics covered in this data collection that may be unique to this survey year include: opinions of various political parties, including the Freie Demokratische Partei or Liberal Democratic Party (FDP), the Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus or Democratic Socialist Party (PDS), the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands or Social Democratic Party (SPD), and the Green Party - party coalition preferences - prospective federal Chancellor candidates and selected party leaders - comparison of economic and social conditions between East and West and opinion of federal government efforts to achieve equivalent living conditions in both parts of Germany - topical foreign policy issues, including Russian politics and the conflict in Chechnya, the United Nations and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) interventions in Bosnia, French nuclear tests in the South Pacific, and the Turkish conflict in Kurdistan - views on the meaning of the outcome of World War II and perceived current danger from National Socialism - issues pertaining to automobiles, including traffic conditions and high ozone values - views on current industry/labor issues, including wages, job preservation, work week length, current contract negotiations between the metal industry and the IG-Metall (metal workers' union), and issues dealing with the German hard coal industry - attitudes toward a common European currency, environmental protection, welfare, crime, and nuclear power. Demographic information on respondents includes sex, age, marital status, occupation and employment status, religious preference, and trade union membership.

Curated

German Election Study, 1997 (Politbarometer) (ICPSR 34816)

Released/updated on: 2013-07-29

Geographic coverage: Europe, Germany, Global

Time period: 1997-01-01--1997-12-01

The Politbarometer series of German Election Studies has been administered monthly since 1977. Surveys were conducted only in West Germany until 1990, when East German Politbarometers were added to the series. The surveys are intended to assess the attitudes and opinions of eligible German voters on current events and problems, as well as on parties and politicians. In 1996, the surveys were united and were no longer designated as East or West. This data collection consists of a cumulative file of the monthly Politbarometer surveys for 1997. In these surveys, certain political questions were asked each month, while other topical questions were asked irregularly or only once. The following list of topics include: (1) Topics consistently covered in monthly Politbarometer administrations include: voting intention and party preference - voting behavior in the last federal parliamentary elections - sympathy scale for the parties - satisfaction with democracy, the activities of the federal government, and opposition parties - interest of the respondent in politics and a self-assessed position on a left-right political continuum - assessment of the economic situation in the Federal Republic (and anticipated further development) and the respondent's own economic situation (and expected development) - the competence of the government and opposition parties in ensuring the security of jobs and pensions, and seeing to improvements in the economy and environmental protection - assessments of the reputations of party leaders - comparison of the social conditions of Germany with those of neighboring West European countries - attitude toward an increased acceptance of world political power through a united Germany - perceived military threats - assessment of the security of peace in Europe - attitude toward nuclear power - attitude toward German reunification - opinion on the right of asylum in Germany - general attitude toward foreigners - evaluation of different beliefs in relation to abortion - perceived advantages arising from membership in the European Union - assessment of the most important problem confronting the German Federal Republic. (2) Topics covered in this data collection that may be unique to this survey year include: opinions of various political parties, including the Freie Demokratische Partei or Liberal Democratic Party (FDP), the Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus or Democratic Socialist Party (PDS), the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands or Social Democratic Party (SPD), and the Green Party, currency stabilization and the new Euro - the financing of the present public health system - and labor issues such as work week length and solving the unemployment problem - the pension system and its continued financial viability - taxation policy and preferences for tax reform - crime - military intervention of the European Union in Albania - attitudes toward the National Socialist past - soccer broadcasts on television - the strikes and protests of students at German universities. Demographic information on respondents includes sex, age, marital status, household size and composition, education, occupation and employment status, religious preference, and trade union membership.

Curated

German Election Study, 1998 (Politbarometer) (ICPSR 34700)

Released/updated on: 2013-06-19

Geographic coverage: Europe, Germany, Global

Time period: 1998-01-01--1998-12-01

The Politbarometer surveys are undertaken to assess the attitudes and opinions of eligible German voters on current events and problems, as well as on parties and politicians. The topics covered in the 1998 German election study fall into two broad categories: (1) Topics consistently covered in the monthly Politbarometer surveys in 1998 include: voting intention and party preference, voting behavior in the last federal parliamentary elections, sympathy scale for the parties, interest of the respondent in politics and self-assessed position on a left-right political continuum, assessment of the economic situation in the Federal Republic (and anticipated further development), and the respondent's own economic situation (and expected development). (2) Topics covered in at least one month during the survey year include: satisfaction with democracy, activities of the federal government and opposition parties, competence of the government and opposition parties, attitudes toward political coalitions, assessment of the most important political personalities and candidates for election in the Federal Republic, comparison of the social conditions of Germany with those of neighboring West European countries, attitudes about revisions to the system of taxation, feelings about changes in border controls, attitudes toward collective bargaining and worker rights, the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the euro, attitudes toward nuclear power, importance of soccer, attitudes toward the National Socialist past, World War II, and the Holocaust, opinions of various political parties, including the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), Freie Demokratische Partei or Liberal Democratic Party (FDP), the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands or Social Democratic Party (SPD), and the Green Party. Demographic information on respondents includes sex, age, marital status, household size and composition, education, occupation and employment status, religious preference, and trade union membership.

Curated

German Politbarometer East, 2001 (ICPSR 34804)

Released/updated on: 2013-07-22

Geographic coverage: Europe, Germany, Global

Time period: 2001-01-01--2001-12-01

The Politbarometer surveys are intended to assess the attitudes and opinions of eligible German voters on current events and problems, as well as on parties and politicians. This data collection consists of a cumulative file of the monthly East Politbarometer surveys for 2001. In these surveys, certain political questions were asked each month, while other topical questions were asked irregularly or only once. This survey focused on the evaluation of political parties and politicians before and after the election to the Bundestag. Respondents provided opinions of such parties as the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the Freie Demokratische Partei or Liberal Democratic Party (FDP), the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands or Social Democratic Party (SPD), and the Green Party. Questions also related to the state of democracy in Germany, the economy, agriculture, the euro, and immigration. Respondents also were queried on the subjects of terrorism, and United States actions in Afghanistan. Demographic information on respondents includes sex, age, marital status, household size and composition, education, occupation and employment status, religious preference, and trade union membership.

Curated

German Politbarometer West, 2001 (ICPSR 34803)

Released/updated on: 2013-07-22

Geographic coverage: Europe, Germany, Global

Time period: 2001-01-01--2001-12-01

The Politbarometer surveys are intended to assess the attitudes and opinions of eligible German voters on current events and problems, as well as on parties and politicians. This data collection consists of a cumulative file of the monthly West Politbarometer surveys for 2001. In these surveys, certain political questions were asked each month, while other topical questions were asked irregularly or only once. This survey focused on the evaluation of political parties and politicians before and after the election to the Bundestag. Respondents provided opinions of such parties as the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the Freie Demokratische Partei or Liberal Democratic Party (FDP), the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands or Social Democratic Party (SPD), and the Green Party. Questions also related to the state of democracy in Germany, the economy, agriculture, the euro, and immigration. Respondents also were queried on the subjects of terrorism, and United States actions in Afghanistan. Demographic information on respondents includes sex, age, marital status, household size and composition, education, occupation and employment status, religious preference, and trade union membership.

Curated

International Bond Markets and the Intro of the Euro (ICPSR 1228)

Released/updated on: 2001-04-02

Geographic coverage: United States, Japan, United Kingdom, Italy, France, Germany, Global

In this article, the author analyzes the future prospects of the euro as an international currency from a portfolio perspective. Using daily bond and exchange-rate data during the period 1996-1998, the author constructs an optimal benchmark portfolio for representative investors from the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the three major European countries participating in the euro: France, Germany, and Italy. Subsequently, the author distinguishes three plausible (euro) exchange-rate scenarios and three plausible (European) bond market scenarios as a result of the introduction of the euro. Then, the portfolio optimization is implemented again under the nine scenarios. Generally, the outcomes suggest that an increase in net demand for euro assets is unlikely, due to the inherent reduction of attractive diversification possibilities. For a given eurobond supply, this in turn implies a depreciation of the euro. Potential entry of the United Kingdom into the euro area is not seen to change the results. However, increasing depth and liquidity of European bond markets, together with lower transaction costs, may reverse the conclusions. Finally, the author shows that both actual supply and demand developments in international bond markets in 1999 are consistent with the observed depreciation of the euro relative to the United States dollar.

Curated

Transatlantic Trends Survey, 2010 (ICPSR 33021)

Released/updated on: 2012-05-11

Geographic coverage: Romania, United States, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Netherlands, Turkey, Poland, Italy, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Germany

The aim of this survey was to identify the attitudes of the public in the United States and in 12 European countries towards foreign policy and transatlantic issues. This survey concentrated on issues such as: United States and European Union (EU) leadership and relations, international relations, the likelihood of strong leadership from the United States, the EU, Russia, China, and India five years from now, respondent assessment of the current United States President on various issues such as climate change and stabilizing Afghanistan, which issues should be priorities for United States and EU leaders in the next five years, favorability towards certain countries and institutions, international cooperation, international conflict, the role of China in international issues, Turkey and Turkish accession to the EU, the international economic crisis, economic versus military power, Turkey and Cyprus reunification, political party attachment, vote intentions in the next national elections, and left-right political self-placement. Demographic and other background information includes age, gender, race, age when finished full-time education and stage at which full-time education completed, occupation, type of phone line, household composition, type of locality, and region of residence.

Curated

Transatlantic Trends Survey, 2011 (ICPSR 34422)

Released/updated on: 2012-12-10

Geographic coverage: Romania, United States, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Netherlands, Sweden, Turkey, Poland, Italy, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, Germany

The aim of this survey was to identify the attitudes of the public in the United States and in 13 European countries towards foreign policy and transatlantic issues. This survey concentrated on issues such as: United States and European Union (EU) leadership and relations, international relations, assessment of the current United States President on various issues such as the United States economy and combating international terrorism, and respondents' view of countries such as the United States, China, Russia, Brazil, and Japan. Respondents were also asked whether NATO was still essential, if they agreed with NATO's assertion that countries should maintain or increase defense spending, if the European Union and United States had enough common interests to cooperate on international issues and whether their relationship should become closer or be more independent, and if their own government should increase or decrease spending for defense. Respondents were also questioned on whether they were optimistic or pessimistic on issues such as stabilizing the situations in Afghanistan and Libya, their level of concern over Iran possibly developing nuclear weapons, and how to put an end to the Arab-Israeli conflict. Respondents were further queried about the role of the European Union and the United States in establishing democracy in other nations, whether they approved of their own country intervening to establish democracy in other nations, what countries were of most importance to their own nation's interests, the rise of China as a world power, the prospect of Turkey's membership in the European Union and possible consequences stemming from their joining, the state of the euro, and how much authority the EU should exercise over member nations. Lastly, respondents were asked how they were personally affected by the economic crisis, the importance of economic versus military power, their voting intentions in national elections, and how closely they followed world affairs. Demographic and other background information includes age, gender, political affiliation and partisanship, religion, race, age when finished full-time education and stage at which full-time education completed, occupation, type of phone line, household composition, type of locality, and region of residence.

Curated

Simple Crosstabs

Transatlantic Trends Survey, 2013 (ICPSR 34973)

Released/updated on: 2014-04-02

Geographic coverage: Romania, United States, United Kingdom, Portugal, Global, Spain, Netherlands, Sweden, Turkey, Poland, Italy, Slovakia, France, Germany

Time period: 2013-06-02--2013-07-02

The aim of the Transatlantic Trends Survey, 2013 was to identify the attitudes of the public in the United States, in 11 European Union member states, and in Turkey, toward foreign policy and transatlantic issues. This survey gathered respondents' views on topics including: the roles of the United States, the European Union (EU), Russia, and China in world affairs; opinions on international economic and military cooperation; NATO's continued relevance; attitudes toward Sweden joining NATO and Turkey joining the EU; and the rise of new powers in Asia. Respondents were also asked about possible interventions in Iran's and North Korea's nuclear programs, intervention in Syria, unmanned aircraft strikes, and NATO training of the Afghani military. The survey also asked respondents about economics, government spending, the current international economic crisis, the quality of the various governments' measures for economic recovery, their confidence in the EU and the euro, and the EU's economic control over member states. Respondents were also queried on immigration, voting habits, economic vs. military power, China as an international threat/asset, and their assessment of the international policies of Barack Obama and the United States. Additional questions included political partisanship and left-right political self-placement, and voting intentions. Demographic and other background information includes age, gender, race, religious affiliation, education, occupation, household composition, type of locality, and region of residence.